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    Leather Standards

    ASTM's leather standards are instrumental in the determination, testing, and evaluation of the various physical and chemical properties of different forms of leather. These standards help users and producers of leather goods all over the world in assessing their materials for good quality and workmanship towards satisfactory use.

    List of leather standards developed by ASTM:

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    Apparel

    DesignationTitle
    D1913 - 00(2015) Standard Test Method for Resistance to Wetting of Garment-Type Leathers (Spray Test)
    D2096 - 11(2019)e1 Standard Test Method for Colorfastness and Transfer of Color in the Washing of Leather
    D2821 - 19 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Relative Stiffness of Leather by Means of a Torsional Wire Apparatus
    D5053 - 03(2015) Standard Test Method for Colorfastness of Crocking of Leather
    D5552 - 10(2015) Standard Test Method for Resistance of Colored Leather to Bleeding
    D6012 - 03(2013) Standard Test Method for Determination of Resistance of Leather to (Bleeding) Color Stain Transfer
    D6013 - 00(2018) Standard Test Method for Determination of Area Stability of Leather to Laundering
    D6014 - 00(2015) Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Water Absorption of Leather Surfaces

    Chemical Analysis

    DesignationTitle
    D2617 - 17a Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Leather
    D2807 - 17a Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
    D2810 - 18 Standard Test Method for pH of Leather
    D2868 - 17 Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Content (Kjeldahl) and Hide Substance Content of Leather, Wet Blue and Wet White
    D3495 - 10(2015) Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather
    D3790 - 17 Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Leather by Oven Drying
    D3897 - 18 Standard Test Method for Calculation of Basicity of Chrome Tanning Liquors
    D3898 - 93(2015) Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Basic Chromium Tanning Liquors
    D3913 - 03(2020)e1 Standard Test Method for Acidity in Basic Chromium Tanning Liquors
    D4653 - 87(2020) Standard Test Method for Total Chlorides in Leather
    D4654 - 87(2020) Standard Test Method for Sulfate Basicity in Leather
    D4655 - 95(2017) Standard Test Methods for Sulfates in Leather (Total, Neutral, and Combined Acid)
    D4906 - 95(2017) Standard Test Method for Total Solids and Ash Content in Leather Finishing Materials
    D4907 - 10(2020) Standard Test Method for Nitrocellulose in Finish on Leather
    D5356 - 17a Standard Test Method for pH of Chrome Tanning Solutions
    D6016 - 17 Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen, Water Extractable in Leather
    D6017 - 97(2020)e1 Standard Test Method for Determination of Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salt) in Leather
    D6019 - 20 Test Method for Determination of Chromic Oxide in Basic Chromium Tanning Liquors (Ammonium Persulfate Oxidation)

    Fats and Oils

    DesignationTitle
    D5346 - 17 Standard Test Method for Determination of the Pour Point of Petroleum Oil Used in Fatliquors and Softening Compounds
    D5347 - 19a Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ash Content of Fats and Oils
    D5348 - 95(2019) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture Content of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils by Distillation with Xylene
    D5349 - 19 Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture and Volatile Content of Sulfonated, Sulfated Oils and Fatliquors by Oven Method
    D5350 - 95(2019) Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A
    D5351 - 93(2017) Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Extraction Titration, Test Method B
    D5352 - 95(2019) Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride Ash-Gravimetric, Test Method C
    D5353 - 95(2019) Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Desulfated Fatty Matter
    D5354 - 95(2020) Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Active Ingredients in Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils
    D5355 - 95(2017) Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Oils and Liquid Fats
    D5439 - 95(2019) Standard Test Method for Determination of Sediment in Moellon
    D5440 - 17 Standard Test Method for Determining the Melting Point of Fats and Oils
    D5551 - 95(2019) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Cloud Point of Oil
    D5553 - 95(2019) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter in Sulfated Oils
    D5554 - 15 Standard Test Method for Determination of the Iodine Value of Fats and Oils
    D5555 - 95(2017) Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Fatty Acids Contained in Animal, Marine, and Vegetable Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors and Stuffing Compounds
    D5556 - 19 Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture and Other Volatile Matter Contained in Fats and Oils Used in Fatliquors and Softening Compounds
    D5557 - 95(2017) Standard Test Method for Determination of Insoluble Impurities Contained in Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors and Stuffing Compounds
    D5558 - 95(2017) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Saponification Value of Fats and Oils
    D5559 - 95(2017) Standard Test Method for Determination of Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps in Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils
    D5560 - 95(2018) Standard Test Method for Determination of Neutral Fatty Matter Contained in Fats and Oils
    D5562 - 95(2018) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps
    D5564 - 95(2018) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Total Ammonia Contained in Sulfonated or Sulfated Oils
    D8284 - 19 Standard Test Method for Determination of the Total Alkalinity in Sulfated, Sulfonated Oils and Fatliquors

    Footwear

    DesignationTitle
    D2098 - 13 Standard Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the Dow Corning Leather Tester
    D2099 - 14 Standard Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the Maeser Water Penetration Tester
    D2210 - 13 Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
    D2322 - 14 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather to Artificial Perspiration
    D2346 - 13 Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Leather
    D2941 - 13 Standard Test Method for Measuring Break Pattern of Leather (Break Scale)
    D6015 - 14 Standard Test Method for Static Water Absorption of Leather
    D7340 - 07(2018)e1 Standard Practice for Thermal Conductivity of Leather
    D8041 / D8041M - 16 Standard Test Method for Whole Boot Breathability (MVTR)

    Physical Properties

    DesignationTitle
    D1516 - 05(2017) Standard Test Method for Width of Leather
    D1610 - 18 Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
    D1813 - 13(2017) Standard Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Test Specimens
    D1814 - 70(2015) Standard Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Units
    D1815 - 00(2015) Standard Test Method for Water Absorption (Static) of Vegetable Tanned Leather
    D2207 - 00(2015) Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Leather by the Ball Method
    D2209 - 00(2015) Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
    D2211 - 00(2015) Standard Test Method for Elongation of Leather
    D2212 - 00(2015) Standard Test Method for Slit Tear Resistance of Leather
    D2347 - 00(2015) Standard Test Method for Measuring Area of Leather Test Specimens
    D2813 - 03(2013) Standard Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
    D4704 - 13(2017) Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength, Tongue Tear of Leather
    D4705 - 18 Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
    D5052 - 18 Standard Test Method for Permeability of Leather to Water Vapor
    D6076 - 18 Standard Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Leather
    D6182 - 00(2015) Standard Test Method for Flexibility and Adhesion of Finish on Leather
    D6183 - 00(2015) Standard Test Method for Tackiness of Finish on Leather
    D7255 - 20 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather (Rotary Platform, Abraser Method)

    Terminology

    DesignationTitle
    D1517 - 18 Standard Terminology Relating to Leather

    Upholstery

    DesignationTitle
    D1912 - 00(2016)e1 Standard Test Method for Cold-Crack Resistance of Upholstery Leather
    D2097 - 03(2016) Standard Test Method for Flex Testing of Finish on Upholstery Leather
    D2208 - 16 Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Leather by the Grab Method
    D6077 - 16 Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Leather
    D6116 - 18 Standard Test Method for Blocking
    D7912 - 14 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Finish to Heat Aging (Finish Stability)
    D8137 - 18 Practice for Accelerated Aging of Leather

    Vegetable Leather

    DesignationTitle
    D1611 - 12(2019) Standard Test Method for Corrosion Produced by Leather in Contact with Metal
    D2213 - 00(2020) Standard Test Method for Compressibility of Leather
    D2875 - 00(2020) Standard Test Method for Insoluble Ash of Vegetable-Tanned Leather
    D2876 - 00(2020) Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Matter of Vegetable-Tanned Leather
    D4786 - 00(2020) Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength, Single Hole
    D4831 - 00(2020) Standard Test Method for Buckle Tear Strength of Leather
    D4899 - 99(2020) Standard Practice for Analysis of Vegetable Tanning Materials—General
    D4900 - 99(2020) Standard Test Method for Lignosulfonates (Sulfite Cellulose) in Tanning Extracts
    D4901 - 99(2020) Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts
    D4902 - 99(2020) Standard Test Method for Evaporation and Drying of Analytical Solutions
    D4903 - 99(2020) Standard Test Method for Total Solids and Water in Vegetable Tanning Material Extracts
    D4904 - 99(2020) Standard Practice for Cooling of Analytical Solutions
    D4905 - 99(2020) Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty and Powdered Vegetable Tannin Extracts
    D6020 - 00(2020) Standard Practice for Calculation of (Non-Mineral) Combined Tanning Agents and Degree of Tannage
    D6075 - 13(2020) Standard Test Method for Cracking Resistance of Leather
    D6401 - 99(2020) Standard Test Method for Determining Non-Tannins and Tannin in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning Materials
    D6402 - 99(2020) Standard Test Method for Determining Soluble Solids and Insolubles in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning Materials
    D6403 - 99(2020) Standard Test Method for Determining Moisture in Raw and Spent Materials
    D6404 - 99(2020) Standard Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
    D6405 - 99(2020) Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
    D6406 - 99(2020) Standard Test Method for Analysis of Sugar in Vegetable Tanning Materials
    D6407 - 99(2020) Standard Test Method for Analysis of Iron and Copper in Vegetable Tanning Materials
    D6408 - 99(2020) Standard Test Method for Analysis of Tannery Liquors
    D6409 - 99(2020) Standard Practice for Color Tests with Sheepskin Skiver
    D6410 - 99(2020) Standard Test Method for Determining Acidity of Vegetable Tanning Liquors
    D8365 - 20 Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Metal Produced by Contact with Leather

    Wet Blue

    DesignationTitle
    D4576 - 16 Standard Test Method for Mold Growth Resistance of Wet Blue and Wet White
    D6656 - 16 Standard Test Method for Determination of Chromic Oxide in Wet Blue (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
    D6657 - 16 Standard Test Method for pH of Wet Blue and Wet White
    D6658 - 08(2020) Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Wet Blue by Oven Drying
    D6659 - 16 Standard Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue and Wet White for Physical and Chemical Tests
    D6714 - 16 Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Ashed Wet Blue (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
    D6715 - 13(2020) Standard Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Fresh or Salt-Preserved (Cured) Hides and Skins for Chemical and Physical Tests
    D6716 - 08(2020) Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Wet Blue or Wet White
    D7476 - 08(2020) Standard Test Method for Brine Saturation Value of Cured (Salt-Preserved) Hides and Skins
    D7477 - 16 Standard Test Method for Determining the Area Stability of Wet Blue Submersed in Boiling Water
    D7584 - 16 Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Resistance of the Surface of Wet Blue and Wet White to the Growth of Fungi in an Environmental Chamber
    D7674 - 14a Standard Test Method for Hexane/Petroleum Ether Extract in Wet Blue and Wet White
    D7816 - 12(2016) Standard Test Method for Enumeration of Halophilic and Proteolytic Bacteria in Raceway Brine, Brine-Cured Hides and Skins
    D7817 - 12(2016) Standard Test Method for Enumeration of Yeast and Mold in Raceway Brine, Brine-Cured Hides and Skins
    D7818 - 12(2016) Standard Test Method for Enumeration of Proteolytic Bacteria in Fresh (Uncured) Hides and Skins
    D7819 - 12(2016) Standard Test Method for Enumeration of Yeast and Mold on Fresh (Uncured) Hides and Skins
    D7967 - 16 Standard Test Method for Analysis of Chrome Content (as Cr2O3) in Wet Blue using Atomic Absorption
    D8042 - 18 Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Wet Blue and Wet White

    Other standards developed by ASTM committees:

    3D Imaging Standards

    Additive Manufacturing Standards

    Adhesive Standards

    Aerospace Material Standards

    Analytical Chemistry Standards

    Asset Management Standards

    Atmospheric Analysis Standards

    Biotechnology Standards

    Construction Standards

    Adhesive Standards

    Building Standards

    Cement Standards and Concrete Standards

    Fire Standards and Flammability Standards

    Geotechnical Engineering Standards

    Masonry Standards

    Road Standards and Paving Standards

    Roofing Standards

    Thermal Insulation Standards

    Wood Standards

    Business Copy Product Standards

    Carbon Standards

    Catalyst Standards

    Cement Standards and Concrete Standards

    Coal Standards and Gas Standards

    Composite Standards

    Computerized System Standards

    Consumer Product Evaluation Standards

    Copper Standards

    Corrosion Standards and Wear Standards

    Durability of Nonmetallic Material Standards

    Electrical Insulating Material Standards

    Electrical Standards and Magnetic Conductor Standards

    Electronics Standards

    Environmental Standards

    Atmospheric Analysis Standards

    Environmental Assessment Standards and Risk Management Standards

    Environmental Toxicology Standards

    Waste Management Standards

    Water Testing Standards

    Fastener Standards

    Fatigue Standards and Fracture Standards

    Fire Standards and Flammability Standards

    Forensic Science Standards

    Geotechnical Engineering Standards

    Glass Standards and Ceramic Standards

    Industrial Chemical Standards

    Industrial Hygiene Standards and Safety Standards

    Laboratory Testing Standards

    Leather Standards

    Masonry Standards

    Medical Device Standards and Implant Standards

    Medical Service Standards and Medical Equipment Standards

    Metals Standards

    Analytical Chemistry Standards

    Cast Iron Standards

    Copper Standards

    Corrosion Standards and Wear Standards

    Fastener Standards

    Fatigue Standards and Fracture Standards

    Metallic Coating Standards

    Nonferrous Metal Standards and Nonferrous Alloy Standards

    Steel Standards

    Molecular Spectroscopy Standards and Separation Science Standards

    Nanotechnology Standards

    Nondestructive Testing Standards

    Nuclear Technology Standards

    Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres Standards

    Paint Standards and Related Coating Standards

    Paper Standards and Packaging Standards

    Petroleum Standards

    Pharmaceutical Application Standards

    Physical Measurement Standards

    Physical Testing Standards and Mechanical Testing Standards

    Plastic Pipe Standards

    Plastics Standards

    Quality Control Standards

    Refractory Standards

    Resilient Floor Covering Standards

    Road Standards and Paving Standards

    Rolling Element Bearing Standards

    Roofing Standards

    Rubber Standards

    Search and Rescue Operations Standards

    Security System Standards and Pedestrian / Walkway Safety Standards

    Sensory Evaluation Standards

    Soap Standards and Polish Standards

    Sports Standards and Recreation Standards

    Steel Standards

    Sustainability Standards

    Temperature Measurement Standards

    Textile Standards

    Thermal Analysis Standards

    Thermal Insulation Standards

    Underground Utility Standards

    Unmanned Maritime Vehicle Standards

    Waste Management Standards

    Water Testing Standards

    Wood Standards