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    Refractory Standards

    ASTM's refractory standards are instrumental in specifying, testing, and evaluating the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of various materials and products made of refractory. These materials, which are commonly made from the oxides of aluminum (alumina), silicon (silica), magnesium (magnesia), and calcium (lime), have the distinct characteristic of being able to retain physical and chemical stability at extremely high temperatures. These refractory standards help materials science laboratories, material processing companies, product manufacturers, and other producers and users of such materials and products in their proper fabrication and treatment procedures to ensure good quality and workmanship towards safe utilization.

    List of refractory standards developed by ASTM:

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    Chemical Behaviors

    DesignationTitle
    C288 - 20 Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
    C454 - 10(2017) Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali
    C456 - 18 Standard Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes
    C492 - 92(2017)e1 Standard Test Method for Hydration of Granular Dead-Burned Refractory Dolomite
    C544 - 18 Standard Test Method for Hydration of Dead-Burned Magnesite or Periclase Grain
    C607 - 88(2016) Standard Practice for Coking Large Shapes of Carbon-Bearing Materials
    C831 - 18 Standard Test Methods for Residual Carbon, Apparent Residual Carbon, and Apparent Carbon Yield in Coked Carbon-Containing Brick and Shapes
    C863 - 00(2016) Standard Test Method for Evaluating Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Refractories at Elevated Temperatures
    C874 - 20 Standard Test Method for Rotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials

    Monolithics

    DesignationTitle
    C179 - 14(2019) Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
    C181 - 11(2018) Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
    C860 - 15(2019) Standard Test Method for Determining the Consistency of Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
    C862 - 16(2020) Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
    C865 - 17 Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
    C903 - 15(2020) Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Specimens by Cold Gunning
    C973 - 87(2020) Standard Practice for Preparing Test Specimens from Basic Refractory Gunning Products by Pressing
    C974 - 87(2020) Standard Practice for Preparing Test Specimens from Basic Refractory Castable Products by Casting
    C975 - 87(2020) Standard Practice for Preparing Test Specimens from Basic Refractory Ramming Products by Pressing
    C1054 - 18 Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
    C1445 - 13(2018) Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
    C1446 - 19 Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Self-Flowing Castable Refractories
    C1656 - 13(2018) Standard Guide for Measuring the Reactivity of Hydraulic Refractory Castables Using Exothermic Profile

    Physical Properties

    DesignationTitle
    C20 - 00(2015) Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
    C92 - 95(2015) Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis and Water Content of Refractory Materials
    C113 - 14(2019) Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
    C134 - 95(2016) Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
    C135 - 96(2015) Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion
    C210 - 95(2019) Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
    C357 - 07(2015) Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
    C577 - 19 Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
    C604 - 18 Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
    C704 / C704M - 15e1 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
    C830 - 00(2016) Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
    C914 - 09(2015) Standard Test Method for Bulk Density and Volume of Solid Refractories by Wax Immersion
    C1407 - 98(2016) Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory Shapes

    Refractories for Glass

    DesignationTitle
    C621 - 09(2018) Standard Test Method for Isothermal Corrosion Resistance of Refractories to Molten Glass
    C987 - 10(2019) Standard Test Method for Vapor Attack on Refractories for Furnace Superstructures
    C1223 - 19 Standard Test Method for Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast Refractories

    Strength

    DesignationTitle
    C16 - 03(2018) Standard Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Shapes at High Temperatures
    C133 - 97(2021) Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
    C198 - 09(2019) Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
    C199 - 84(2016) Standard Test Method for Pier Test for Refractory Mortars
    C583 - 15(2021) Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
    C832 - 00(2021) Standard Test Method for Measuring Thermal Expansion and Creep of Refractories Under Load
    C885 - 87(2020) Standard Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
    C1099 - 07(2019) Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
    C1419 - 14(2020) Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Materials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining an Approximate Young's Modulus
    C1548 - 02(2020) Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio of Refractory Materials by Impulse Excitation of Vibration

    The Joseph E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification

    DesignationTitle
    C27 - 98(2018) Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
    C71 - 12(2018) Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories
    C155 - 97(2018) Standard Classification of Insulating Firebrick
    C401 - 12(2018) Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
    C416 - 97(2018) Standard Classification of Silica Refractory Brick
    C455 - 07(2018) Standard Classification of Chrome, Chrome-Magnesia, Magnesia-Chrome, and Magnesia Brick
    C467 - 14(2018) Standard Classification of Mullite Refractories
    C545 - 97(2018) Standard Classification of Zircon Refractories
    C673 - 97(2018) Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories and Ramming Mixes
    C861 - 93(2020) Standard Practice for Determining Metric Dimensions of Standard Series Refractory Brick and Shapes
    C899 - 79(2018) Standard Practice for Use of Metric Units of Measure for Reporting Properties of Refractory Materials
    C909 - 18 Standard Practice for Dimensions of a Modular Series of Refractory Brick and Shapes
    C1190 - 18 Standard Practice for Location of Test Specimens from Magnesia-Carbon and Impregnated Burned Basic Brick
    C1547 - 02(2018) Standard Classification for Fusion-Cast Refractory Blocks and Shapes
    C1655 - 06(2016) Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Mortars

    Thermal Properties

    DesignationTitle
    C24 - 09(2018) Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials
    C108 - 46(2018) Standard Symbols for Heat Transmission
    C182 - 19 Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Firebrick
    C201 - 93(2019) Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
    C202 - 19 Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractory Brick
    C417 - 05(2015) Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
    C767 - 20 Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Refractories
    C1113 / C1113M - 09(2019) Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)
    C1171 - 16 Standard Test Method for Quantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock and Thermal Cycling on Refractories

    Other standards developed by ASTM committees:

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