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ASTM D7320 - 12a


ASTM D7320 - 12a Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine


Active Standard ASTM D7320 Developed by Subcommittee: D02.B0.01 |Book of Standards Volume: 05.04

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ASTM D7320

Significance and Use

5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and engine wear during moderately high-speed, high-temperature service.

5.2 The increase in oil viscosity obtained in this test indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures.

5.3 The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. This can be involved in the loss of compression pressures in the engine.

5.4 The camshaft and lifter wear values obtained in this test provide a measure of the anti-wear quality of an oil under conditions of high unit pressure mechanical contact.

5.5 The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and engine wear. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test.

5.6 The Sequence IIIG engine oil test has replaced the Sequence IIIF test and can be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following:

5.6.1 Specification D4485,

5.6.2 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104, and

5.6.3 SAE Classification J183.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines.

1.1.1 Additionally, with nonmandatory supplemental requirements, a IIIGA Test (Mini Rotary Viscometer and Cold Cranking Simulator measurements), a IIIGVS Test (EOT viscosity increase measurement), or a IIIGB Test (phosphorous retention measurement) can be conducted. These supplemental test procedures are contained in Appendixes Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix X3, respectively.

Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 6.14.1.1 and 7.1.

1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:

 

Section

Introduction

 

Scope

1

Referenced Documents

2

Terminology

3

Summary of Test Method

4

Significance and Use

5

Apparatus

6

 Laboratory

6.1

 Drawings

6.2

 Specified Equipment

6.3

 Test Engine

6.4

  Engine Parts

6.4.1

 Engine Speed and Load Control

6.5

 Fluid Conditioning Module

6.6

  Engine Cooling System

6.6.1

 Flushing Tank

6.7

 Coolant Mixing Tank

6.8

 Condenser Cooling Systems

6.9

 Engine Oil-Cooling System

6.10

 Fuel System

6.11

 Induction Air Supply Humidity, Temperature, and Pressure

6.12

 Temperature Measurement

6.13

  Thermocouple Location

6.13.1

 Air-to-Fuel Ratio Determination

6.14

  Injector Flow Testing

6.14.1

 Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems

6.15

 Blowby Flow Rate Measurement

6.16

 Pressure Measurement and Sensor Location

6.17

Reagents and Materials

7

 Test Fuel

7.1

 Engine and Condenser Coolant

7.2

 Coolant Additive

7.3

 Coolant Preparation

7.4

 Pre-Test Cleaning Materials

7.5

 Sealing and Anti-seize Compounds

7.6

Test Oil Sample Requirements

8

Preparation of Apparatus

9

 Condenser Cleaning

9.1

 Intake Manifold Cleaning

9.2

 Cleaning of Engine Parts (other than the block and heads)

9.3

 Connecting Rod Cleaning

9.4

 Engine Block Cleaning

9.5

 Cylinder Head Cleaning

9.6

 Engine Build-up Procedure

9.7

  General Information

9.7.1

  Special Parts

9.7.2

  Hardware Information

9.7.3

  Fastener Torque Specifications and Torquing Procedures

9.7.4

   Main Bearing Cap Bolts

9.7.4.1

   Cylinder Head Bolts

9.7.4.2

   Torques for Miscellaneous Bolts, Studs, and Nuts

9.7.4.3

 Parts Replacement

9.8

 Engine Block Preparation

9.9

 Piston Fitting and Numbering

9.10

  Piston Ring Fitting

9.10.1

 Pre-Test Camshaft and Lifter Measurements

9.11

 Camshaft Bearing Installation

9.12

 Camshaft Installation

9.13

 Main Bearings

9.14

  Crankshaft Installation

9.14.1

  Main Bearing Cap Installation

9.14.2

 Crankshaft Sprocket

9.15

 Camshaft Sprocket and Timing Chain

9.16

 Crankshaft End Play

9.17

 Piston Pin Installation

9.18

  Piston Installation

9.18.1

 Harmonic Balancer

9.19

 Connecting Rod Bearings

9.20

 Engine Front Cover

9.21

 Coolant Inlet Adapter

9.22

 Oil Dipstick Hole

9.23

 Oil Pan

9.24

 Cylinder Head Assembly

9.25

 Adjustment of Valve Spring Loads

9.26

 Cylinder Head Installation

9.27

 Hydraulic Valve Lifters

9.28

 Pushrods

9.29

 Valve Train Loading

9.30

 Intake Manifold

9.31

 Rocker Covers

9.32

 Water Inlet Adapter

9.33

 Condenser

9.34

 Coolant Outlet Adapter

9.35

 Oil Filter Adapter

9.36

 Oil Sample Valve

9.37

 Ignition System

9.38

 Throttle Body

9.39

 Accessory Drive Units

9.40

 Exhaust Manifolds, Water-Cooled

9.41

 Engine Flywheel

9.42

 Pressure Checking of Engine Coolant System

9.43

 Lifting of Assembled Engines

9.44

 Mounting the Engine on the Test Stand

9.45

 External Cooling System Cleaning

9.46

 Engine Coolant Jacket Cleaning (Flushing)

9.47

 Coolant Charging

9.48

 Test Oil Charging

9.49

 Engine Oil Pump Priming

9.50

Calibration

10

 Laboratory and Engine Test Stand Calibration

10.1

 Testing of Reference Oils

10.2

 Reference Oil Test Frequency

10.3

 Reporting of Reference Oil Test Results

10.4

 Evaluation of Reference Oil Test Results

10.5

 Status of Non-Reference Oil Tests Relative to Reference
  Oil Test

10.6

 Status of Test Stands Used for Non-Standard Tests

10.7

 Data Acquisition and Control

10.8

  Sample Rate

10.8.1

  Measurement Accuracy

10.8.2

  Temperature

10.8.3

  Pressure

D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure

D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test

D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)

D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter

D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)

D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation

D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)

D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption

D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline

D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels

D3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels

D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter

D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants

D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils

D4684 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature

D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography

D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)

D5293 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between -5 and -35C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator

D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration

D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine

D6593 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

D6750 Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine--1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)

D6984 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine

D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine

E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

E191 Specification for Apparatus For Microdetermination of Carbon and Hydrogen in Organic and Organo-Metallic Compounds

E608/E608M Specification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples

E1119 Specification for Industrial Grade Ethylene Glycol

IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System

Military Specification

MIL-PRF-2104, Lubricating Oil, Internal Combustion Engine, Tactical Service


Keywords

cam and lifter wear; deposits; engine oil; engine wear; high-temperature performance; oil consumption; oil thickening; oil viscosity; oxidation resistance; Sequence IIIG test; spark-ignition automotive engine; varnish; varnish deposition;


ICS Code

ICS Number Code 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products)


DOI: 10.1520/D7320-12A

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