Rationale

This standard was automatically withdrawn due to time expiring before it could be successfully balloted. This ballot is to reinstate the standard so that the updating process can be continued. The balloted version contains the latest edits which address negatives and comments received by voters. This version also includes several editorial changes and updates to the text and figures to improve clarity. Figures 3, 4, 6 and 10 were improved. Equation 11 and the associated Note 17 were added to use the instantaneous specimen area for calculation of axial stress and Young’s modulus. Several other changes were made to align with those of the 2025 update of D5311.