Rationale

Within this work item, the guide ASTM E3461-25 will be expanded with more specific circular product design principles applicable at each stage of the circular product life cycle, including material acquisition, production and manufacturing, use and consumption, and end-of-use. The addition of detailed principles will offer further pragmatic guidance for designers on how to implement each principle during the design process, tailored to the distinct requirements of each life cycle phase. Each principle will include a statement describing it and a rationale explaining why a designer may consider it during circular product design. The potential triple bottom line benefits (i.e., economic, environmental, and social) from implementing each principle will also be included through this revision. Furthermore, several examples demonstrating the application of each principle to different products will be incorporated into the guide to help designers and organizations understand how to practically apply these principles.