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=001  MNL7320140023
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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803170681
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL7320140023$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL7320140023$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN864
=082  04$a622/.338$223
=100  1\$aZou, Weizhong, $eauthor.
=245  10$aPetroleum and Natural Gas Transportation and Storage / $cWeizhong Zou, Jun Lu, Ravindra Kumar, Xiangyu Liu, Anurag A. Gupta.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320140023
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320140023".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b72.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aNumerous petroleum pipelines and storage tanks are under service all around the world. Oil and gas pipelines as well as their storage tanks have played an essential role in the petroleum industry for hundreds of years. These horizontally buried or vertically erected hollow cylinders have delicate accessories and complicated operation practices, which are designed and maintained constantly. Because most petroleum-associated products are flammable and environmentally hazardous, the relatively high risk in causing fire and contamination further complicates their storage and transportation. By introducing only fundamental knowledge, this chapter serves as a good starting point for readers with a general interest of oil and gas storage and transportation techniques. With this purpose, the chapter contains a brief historical retrospect followed by detailed discussions on petroleum-associated pipelines, storage tanks, handling and operating practice, safety, and economic concerns. Although they are beyond the scope of this chapter, other aspects of the petroleum storage and transportation, such as negotiation with different interest parties, education and training of local officer and emergency personnel, employee wellness, and contamination remediation, need to be considered as well for pipeline companies and tank owners seeking a good reputation and financial status.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aTankers.
=650  \0$aCorrosion.
=650  \0$aPipelines.
=650  \0$aLeak detection.
=650  \0$aFire extinguish.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products.
=650  \0$aAboveground storage tanks.
=650  \0$aTransportation and storage.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$apetroleum products.
=653  20$atransportation and storage.
=653  20$apipelines.
=653  20$atankers.
=653  20$aaboveground storage tanks.
=653  20$acorrosion.
=653  20$aleak detection.
=653  20$afire extinguish.
=700  1\$aGupta, Anurag A., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKumar, Ravindra, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aLiu, Xiangyu, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aLu, Jun, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320140023.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320140023.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aBommer, Paul M., $eauthor.
=245  13$aAn Introduction to Primary Production Facilities / $cPaul M. Bommer.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320140006
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320140006".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter is an introduction to primary production facilities. Regardless of the placement of the facility, on shore, on platforms, on floating vessels (FPSOs and the like), or on other offshore structures, or even in some cases on the ocean floor, the purpose of these facilities is the same. The production facility is used to condition the produced fluid mixture from a reservoir into components that are suitable for the next use. In general, the mixture is separated into liquid hydrocarbons, natural gas, and produced water. The liquid hydrocarbons, generically termed oil in this chapter, and the natural gas, generically termed gas, may need additional treatment before the next use or sale that is beyond the scope of this chapter. The produced water may need additional treatment depending on what is to be done with the water. The next use may be sale of the oil and gas or perhaps transport to another facility. The produced water may be disposed in an injection well, conditioned to a quality that can be dumped back into the ocean, or conditioned for reuse.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil and gas.
=650  \0$aProduced water.
=650  \0$aProduction facilities.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$aproduction facilities.
=653  20$aoil and gas.
=653  20$aproduced water.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320140006.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320140006.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN864
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=100  1\$aKaiser, Mark J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDecommissioning Cost Estimation in the Deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico / $cMark J. Kaiser.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (28 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320140007
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320140007".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDeepwater structures are expensive to fabricate and install, and at the end of their useful life, will also be expensive to decommission. From 1989 to 2012, 15 structures in water depth greater than 400 ft were decommissioned in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The purpose of this chapter is to estimate cost for well plugging and abandonment, conductor severance and removal, pipeline abandonment, umbilical and flowline removal, and platform removal for the 95 deepwater structures (50 fixed platforms, 3 compliant towers, and 42 floaters) in the Gulf of Mexico circa January 2013. Work decomposition algorithms developed by ProServe Offshore are combined with government databases and the author's generalizations to provide order-of-magnitude cost estimates for the deepwater structure inventory. Bullwinkle and Pompano are expected to be the most expensive fixed platform decommissioning projects estimated at $265 million and $203 million, respectively. Mars is expected to be the most expensive floater decommissioning at a cost of $336 million, followed by Ursa ($222 million), Auger ($205 million), and Hoover/Diana ($201 million). Total decommissioning liability for the deepwater structure inventory based on 20092010 market conditions and technologies and the collection of assumptions described herein, is estimated at $6.7 billion, $2.4 billion for fixed platforms and compliant towers, and $4.3 billion for floaters.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDeepwater exposure.
=650  \0$aDecommissioning liability.
=650  \0$aAsset retirement obligations.
=650  \0$aDecommissioning cost estimation.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$aasset retirement obligations.
=653  20$adecommissioning cost estimation.
=653  20$adeepwater exposure.
=653  20$adecommissioning liability.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320140007.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320140007.htm

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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803170681
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL7320140025$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL7320140025$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN864
=082  04$a622/.338$223
=100  1\$aElsholkami, Mohamed, $eauthor.
=245  10$aProspective Outlook on World Oil and Gas Reserves and Long-Range Planning Systems / $cMohamed Elsholkami, Ali Elkamel.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (33 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320140025
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320140025".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b35.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter reviews the historical trends of the world's major oil and gas reserves, their production and consumption, and their future outlook. The chapter also surveys the effect of non-fossil-fuel and unconventional-fossil-fuel energy sources on future energy prospects. The authors summarize the methods that typically are implemented to estimate oil and gas reserves and the major sources of uncertainties associated with these estimates. The authors introduce energy systems models that represent a powerful tool in developing energy infrastructures that efficiently utilize available energy resources.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil.
=650  \0$aReserves.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=650  \0$aEnergy prospects.
=650  \0$aEnergy systems models.
=650  \0$aUnconventional resources.
=650  \0$aReserve estimation methods.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$aoil.
=653  20$anatural gas.
=653  20$areserves.
=653  20$aenergy prospects.
=653  20$areserve estimation methods.
=653  20$aenergy systems models.
=653  20$aunconventional resources.
=700  1\$aElkamel, Ali, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320140025.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320140025.htm

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=001  MNL7320140028
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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170698 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170681
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL7320140028$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL7320140028$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN864
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=100  1\$aButt, Stephen D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDrilling Technology Methods / $cStephen D. Butt.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (35 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320140028
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320140028".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b49.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter provides a condensed but broad overview of drilling technology, including rotary drill rig systems, drill bits, drilling fluids, optimization, well control and managed pressure drilling, casing installation, and directional drilling, and a brief review of offshore drilling.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDrill bits.
=650  \0$aWell control.
=650  \0$aDrilling fluids.
=650  \0$aDrill rig systems.
=650  \0$aOffshore drilling.
=650  \0$aDirectional drilling.
=650  \0$aDrilling engineering.
=650  \0$aDrilling optimization.
=650  \0$aBit operating conditions.
=650  \0$aManaged pressure drilling.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$adrilling engineering.
=653  20$abit operating conditions.
=653  20$adrill rig systems.
=653  20$adrill bits.
=653  20$adrilling fluids.
=653  20$adrilling optimization.
=653  20$awell control.
=653  20$amanaged pressure drilling.
=653  20$adirectional drilling.
=653  20$aoffshore drilling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320140028.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320140028.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170698 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170681
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL7320150002$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL7320150002$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN864
=082  04$a622/.338$223
=100  1\$aElkamel, Ali, $eauthor.
=245  10$aSolar Energy Integration in the Upstream Oil Supply Chain / $cSalah Abureden, Ali Almansoori, Ali Elkamel, Alberto Betancourt-Torcat.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320150002
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320150002".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b42.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe production of oil requires a tremendous amount of energy through a distributed combustion network of processes along the oil supply chain spectrum. The consequences of fossil-based fuel combustion include the generation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and hazardous wastewater residues, which have adverse environmental effects. Moreover, GHG emissions impose indirect costs in terms of public health care expenses and environmental remediation measures on the society. Additionally, countries depending on fossil resource imports to meet their energy needs are exposed to the energy market cycles and geopolitical affairs. These events may represent significant economic distortions at regionals and locals levels. Potential mitigation options for GHG emissions are the application of renewable energy sources. This research deals with the integration of renewable energy systems in the upstream oil supply chain to evaluate the impact of energy demand and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the oil operations efficiency and environment. The main focus is to evaluate solar energy as an alternative to produce part of the energy requirements in the upstream oil supply chain. In this chapter, potential solar energy integration in the upstream oil industry is identified to comply with CO2 constraints while sustaining production targets. An analysis of GHG emission sources and their associated flow rates in the upstream oil supply chain, mainly CO2, is also discussed in this chapter. An analysis of different types of solar energy options and the identification of the most suitable technologies for the oil and gas industry is studied.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aUpstream oil production.
=650  \0$aRenewable energy integration.
=650  \0$aGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$arenewable energy integration.
=653  20$aupstream oil production.
=653  20$agreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
=700  1\$aAbureden, Salah, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aAlmansoori, Ali, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aBetancourt-Torcat, Alberto, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320150002.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320150002.htm

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=037  \\$aMNL7320140011$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN864
=082  04$a622/.338$223
=100  1\$aWu, Chonglong, $eauthor.
=245  10$aThree-Dimensional Dynamic Simulation of Pool-Forming and Trap Evaluation / $cChonglong Wu, Xiaoping Mao, Gang Liu.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (40 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320140011
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320140011".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b39.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSimulation of pool-forming and trap evaluation is a sort of quantitative analysis technology for petroleum system and an effective method for testing pool-forming models obtained by way of geological analysis. To solve a series of challenges that occur in constructing the modeling systems of petroleum pool-forming, application of respective specific methods should be made. Reconstruction of physical space for oil and gas generation, expulsion, migration, accumulation, and dispersion is realized by combination of topological structure simulation and application of topological structure simulation. The integral nonlinear process of petroleum system is described successfully with the combination of general and system dynamic simulation. On the basis of integration of numerical simulation and artificial intelligence simulation, nonlinear process description of petroleum generation, expulsion, migration, accumulation, and dispersion is achieved. This system further works on the following technologies: spatial interpolation and vector cutting edge of three-dimensional (3D) digital geological body, 3D back-stripping and volume balance of basin tectonic history and subsidence history, multiple thermal sources and multistage superimposed metamorphism simulation, 3D dynamics simulation of petroleum generation and expulsion, artificial intelligence simulation of petroleum migration and accumulation, dynamics simulation system of petroleum pool-forming, and the dynamic connection and integration technology. Correspondingly, trap quantitative evaluation based on pool-forming process simulation is introduced, including trap quantitative evaluation model, geological evaluation method of trap, the method of trap economic evaluation, and the method of trap comprehensive evaluation. As a quantitative tool of petroleum system analysis and optimal selection of exploration targets, the software has been applied successfully in modeling petroleum systems of Shengli Oil Field, China.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum system.
=650  \0$aSystem engineering model.
=650  \0$aTrap quantitative evaluation.
=650  \0$aArtificial intelligence simulation.
=650  \0$a3D pool-forming dynamic simulation technology.
=650  \0$aPetroleum system simulation and evaluation technology.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$apetroleum system.
=653  20$apetroleum system simulation and evaluation technology.
=653  20$a3D pool-forming dynamic simulation technology.
=653  20$asystem engineering model.
=653  20$atrap quantitative evaluation.
=653  20$aartificial intelligence simulation.
=700  1\$aLiu, Gang, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aMao, Xiaoping, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320140011.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320140011.htm

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=100  1\$aArtun, Emre, $eauthor.
=245  13$aAn Overview of Numerical Reservoir Simulation / $cEmre Artun.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320140010
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320140010".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b38.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aNumerical reservoir simulation can be defined as the the process of constructing and running a model that mimic the appearance and flow dynamics of an actual reservoir system, including the subsurface porous and permeable reservoir and its other physical components to produce (wellbore) and process the reservoir fluids (surface facilities). The model properties are typically populated from a detailed geological model to capture the heterogeneity of the reservoir system and its effects on the flow. The formulation includes the discretized forms of the flow equations that describe multiphase fluid flow in porous media. These equations are linearized either at the partial differential equation level or at the discretized level to obtain a linear system of equations. The solution is represented at both time and space domains to solve for the time dependent characteristics such as pressures, fluid saturations/compositions and temperatures, which are representative of the performance of a reservoir. Because of the benefits that have been made possible with developments in both theory/formulation/solution-related aspects and computational technologies, numerical reservoir simulation has become a standard tool for decision-making purposes in the petroleum industry. Although these advantages are quite evident, it is still critically important to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the approach similar to any other available approach to forecast the reservoir performance. Objectives and scope of a reservoir simulation study must be carefully determined after considering available resources. This chapter gives an overview of numerical modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs for those who are not familiar with the subject. Therefore, theoretical foundations are kept such that to describe the general characteristics of a three-phase (black-oil formulation) model in rectangular coordinates, which is the most common type of modeling approach used in most of the reservoir-modeling studies. After summarizing the black-oil formulation and its theoretical foundation, application and practical aspects are presented to highlight the important characteristics of a typical reservoir-simulation study by following the most common guidelines and practical rules followed in the petroleum industry.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNumerical methods.
=650  \0$aNumerical modeling.
=650  \0$aReservoir simulation.
=650  \0$aBlack-oil formulation.
=650  \0$aReservoir engineering.
=650  \0$aReservoir characterization.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$areservoir engineering.
=653  20$areservoir simulation.
=653  20$areservoir characterization.
=653  20$ablack-oil formulation.
=653  20$anumerical methods.
=653  20$anumerical modeling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320140010.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320140010.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN864
=082  04$a622/.338$223
=100  1\$aMakogon, Yuri F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aNatural Gas Hydrates / $cYuri F. Makogon, Taras Y. Makogon.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (31 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320140017
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320140017".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b65.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe chapter describes the history and current state of the art in gas hydrate technology. Both industrial and naturally occurring gas hydrates are described, with effects of other flow assurance subjects, paraffin wax, and corrosion. Authors formulate priority areas for the academic research on gas hydrates. Some data and tools for practicing engineers are provided on the stability and properties of natural gas hydrates, as well as their transformation in the production and transport of petroleum and gas in real geological formations, with references to literature to find more data. The chapter includes an example and specifics of commercial development of the Messoyakha accumulation of hydrated gas, and a discussion of the potential effect of gas hydrates on the environment and process safety.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aUpstream oil production.
=650  \0$aRenewable energy integration.
=650  \0$aGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$arenewable energy integration.
=653  20$aupstream oil production.
=653  20$agreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
=700  1\$aMakogon, Taras Y., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320140017.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320140017.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170681
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN864
=082  04$a622/.338$223
=100  1\$aSuicmez, V. S., $eauthor.
=245  10$aFuture Direction in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production / $cV. S. Suicmez.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320150001
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320150001".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b44.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe energy industry played an important role in shaping the 20th century and remains a major force driving economic development well into the 21st century. Hydrocarbons are an important commodity rather than being a luxury in our lives. Recently published data indicate that roughly 5560 % of the world's energy demand is met by oil and natural gas resources. Serious concerns remain, however, that an increase in production cannot really cope with the increase in the global demand, at least at the current cost and price range. Those trends force energy companies to search for hydrocarbon resources in deeper and tighter formations, such as arctic and deepwater, and to look for opportunities for extracting hydrocarbon resources from extremely tight formations, such as shales, which would have been hard to imagine a decade ago. In addition, a significant number of oil companies at all sizes are now looking into enhanced oil recovery (EOR) deployment opportunities in different parts of the world. Significant growth in global energy demand and technical challenges associated with extracting hydrocarbons from deeper and tighter formations as well as the cost intensity of the EOR projects will force the oil industry to become more technology and innovation oriented in the next few decades. Regrettably, oil is a nonrenewable energy source and finite. Technically and economically feasible oil will inevitably run out. The current debate is how much longer these fossil fuels will continue to be the dominant energy source of the world.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aShale.
=650  \0$aReserves.
=650  \0$aPetroleum.
=650  \0$a4D seismic.
=650  \0$aInnovation.
=650  \0$aTechnology.
=650  \0$aGeopolitics.
=650  \0$aHydrocarbons.
=650  \0$aClimate change.
=650  \0$aHydraulic fracturing.
=650  \0$aUnconventional oil and gas.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$ahydrocarbons.
=653  20$apetroleum.
=653  20$areserves.
=653  20$aunconventional oil and gas.
=653  20$ashale.
=653  20$ahydraulic fracturing.
=653  20$aEOR.
=653  20$aCO2.
=653  20$a4D seismic.
=653  20$aWRFM.
=653  20$atechnology.
=653  20$ainnovation.
=653  20$ageopolitics.
=653  20$aclimate change.
=653  20$aCCUS.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320150001.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320150001.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170681
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL7320140004$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN864
=082  04$a622/.338$223
=100  1\$aMohaghegh, Shahab D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aOil Field Data Mining / $cShahab D. Mohaghegh, Emre Artun.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (28 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 73 (September 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL7320140004
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL7320140004".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b31.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aToday, large volumes of data are collected in the oil and gas industry. Data collection starts even before drilling for oil and gas. Seismic survey used to be the process during which the largest volume of data in the exploration and production industry is collected. With the invention and continuous use of sensors and such processes as measurement while drilling, logging while drilling, and permanent downhole gauges for smart fields, large volumes of data are collected and stored during drilling and operation of the wells. The large percentage of the data that currently is collected in the oil field is never used for decision making. Oil field data mining is set to change this. Oil field data mining provides the means for making the most of the investment that has gone into collection and storage of the data. Oil field data mining is a set of tools and technologies used to extract information and knowledge from the collected data in the exploration and production industry. The main characteristics of oil field data mining is its use of data-driven solutions as opposed to deterministic approaches that have dominated the exploration and production industry for the past five decades. One of the most significant attributes of oil field data mining that distinguishes it from conventional statistical approaches (that recently have became popular) is its use of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence has been called by different names. It has been referred to as virtual intelligence, computational intelligence, and soft computing. Among these names, artificial intelligence is now used most often as an umbrella term. Artificial intelligence may be defined as a collection of analytic tools that attempts to imitate life. Artificial intelligence techniques exhibit an ability to learn and deal with new situations. Artificial neural networks, evolutionary programming, and fuzzy logic are among the technologies that are classified as artificial intelligence. These techniques possess one or more attributes of reason, such as generalization, discovery, association, and abstraction. In the past decade, artificial intelligence has matured to include a set of analytic tools that facilitate solving problems that were previously difficult or impossible to solve. The current trend is the integration of these tools as well as the use conventional statistics and deterministic solutions to build sophisticated systems that can solve challenging problems. Artificial intelligence is used in areas such as medical diagnosis, credit card fraud detection, bank loan approval, smart household appliances, subway systems, automatic transmissions, financial portfolio management, robot navigation systems, and many more. In the oil and gas industry, these tools have been used to solve problems related to pressure transient analysis, well log interpretation, reservoir characterization, and candidate well selection for stimulation, among other things.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSeismic.
=650  \0$aData mining.
=650  \0$aNeural networks.
=650  \0$aArtificial intelligence.
=650  \0$aReservoir characterization.
=650  \0$aPetroleum engineering.
=650  \0$aGas engineering.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xProspecting.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xProspecting.
=653  10$adata mining.
=653  20$aartificial intelligence.
=653  20$aneural networks.
=653  20$aseismic.
=653  20$areservoir characterization.
=700  1\$aArtun, Emre, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL7320140004.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL7320140004.htm

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=008  170503c1974||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186606 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803103856
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11850D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11850D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a691$223
=100  1\$aPesut, R. N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Cooperative Study of the Precision and Accuracy of the Measurement of Dustfall / $cJ. E. Howes, R. N. Pesut, J. F. Foster.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (45 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS55S4 (April 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11850D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11850D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report represents the results obtained from an experimental study of the variability inherent in measurements of dustfall, using ASTM Method D 1739.(1) The report also includes a description of the experimental program together with tabulations of the data and the statistical interpretations of the results.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDust $xMeasurement.
=700  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHowes, J. E., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11850D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11850D.htm

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=008  170503c1973||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803101210 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803108103
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11922D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11922D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.1/7/17$223
=100  1\$aSmith, G. V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aEvaluation of the Elevated Temperature Tensile and Creep-Rupture Properties of 1/2Cr-1/2Mo, ICR-1/2Mo, and I1/4Cr-1/2MO-Si Steels / $cG. V. Smith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1973.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (157 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1973, Issue DS50 (September 1973)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11922D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11922D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b23.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report evaluates the elevated temperature strength and ductility of three low chromium-molybdenum steels that find extensive service at moderately elevated temperatures--up to perhaps 1100F. Included in the evaluations are previously unpublished test results gathered by the Metal Properties Council, as well as test results previously published in ASTM Data Series DS 6 (1953) (1) and DS 6S1 (1966) (2)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1973. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElongation.
=650  \0$aCreep strength.
=650  \0$aYield strength.
=650  \0$aData evaluation.
=650  \0$aRupture strength.
=650  \0$aTensile strength.
=650  \0$aReduction of area.
=650  \0$aElevated temperature.
=650  \0$aMechanical properties.
=650  \0$aChromium-molybdenum steels.
=650  \0$aTime-temperature parameter.
=650  \0$aCarbon steel $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xTesting.
=650  \0$aMetals $xEffect of high temperatures on.
=650  \0$aSteel $xCreep.
=653  10$aelevated temperature.
=653  20$atensile strength.
=653  20$ayield strength.
=653  20$acreep strength.
=653  20$arupture strength.
=653  20$aelongation.
=653  20$areduction of area.
=653  20$achromium-molybdenum steels.
=653  20$atime-temperature parameter.
=653  20$amechanical properties.
=653  20$adata evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11922D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11922D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD887.A8
=082  04$a628.5/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 2 : Comprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 23 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10469M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10469M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE FIRST STEP IN MANAGING ASBESTOS- containing materials (ACM) is finding out if there are any to be managed, and if so, getting the information to do it properly. This activity is called an inspection in the AHERA regulations, and the individuals who do it are accredited inspectors. To avoid confusion with visual inspection (more on this in Chapter 4), we will use the term building asbestos survey, defined as follows in ASTM Standard Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys (E 2356):  an activity to determine the presence, location, condition and quantity of asbestos-containing materials in a building or facility, or on the property containing the building or facility..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAsbestos abatement.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10469M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10469M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 1 : Holistic Approach to Asbestos Control.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 23 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10468M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10468M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS MANUAL DISCUSSES THE THREE PRINCIPAL elements of an asbestos management program: building surveys, abatement projects and Operations and Maintenance (O&M) programs in the context of ASTM standards that cover these activities. Figure 1 shows how they are related and serves as a guide to using this Manual.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAsbestos abatement.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10468M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10468M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 3 : Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Materials.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 23 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10470M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10470M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aONE IMPORTANT PART OF A BASELINE SURVEY, which was covered in Chapter 2, is the assessment of the ACM. Assessment is the process of evaluating the condition of the ACM at the time of the survey and predicting what could happen to make the condition worse. The decision to remove ACM is based on this assessment as well as the type and quantity of the ACM and other factors. This chapter provides a detailed discussion of the assessment protocols in ASTM E 2356, which offer a significant improvement over methodologies that have been in use for a number of years. In particular, the ASTM E 2356 assessment protocols differ from the AHERA protocol in several respects. Those who have become accustomed to using the AHERA protocol and wonder why ASTM E 2356 takes a different approach should read the sidebar on page 25 and start thinking outside the AHERA box..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAsbestos abatement.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10470M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10470M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 7 : Respiratory Protection and Other Precautions.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 23 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10474M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10474M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aASTM E 1368 TOUCHES BRIEFLY ON RESPIRATORY protection and safety precautions for the project monitor at an abatement site and ASTM E 2356 also considers them in the context of building surveys. Examples are provided in this chapter of non-asbestos hazards for which pertinent regulations are discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAsbestos abatement.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10474M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10474M.htm

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=082  04$a628.5/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 5 : Abatement ProjectsBeyond the Basic Ceiling Scrape.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 23 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10472M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10472M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCHAPTER 4 PROVIDED A DETAILED INTRODUCTION to using ASTM E 1368 and the visual inspection process for asbestos abatement under gross removal conditions, which are typical abatement projects. There are, however, numerous projects involving more than these basic removal techniques. This chapter describes the use of E 1368 and visual inspection for applications that go beyond the basic ceiling scrape..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAsbestos abatement.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10472M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10472M.htm

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=050  \4$aTD887.A8
=082  04$a628.5/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 6 : Operations and MaintenanceLiving with Asbestos.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 23 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10473M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10473M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCHAPTERS 4 AND 5 OF THIS MANUAL ADDRESSEDabatement activities, primarily removal, with getting rid of or otherwise controlling the asbestos as the primary objective. Abatement may have been selected as a response action on the basis of an assessment conducted according to ASTM E 2356 for ACM whose ratings fell above the line on the Abatement vs. O&M Decision Chart, or for another reason such as renovation or demolition. The alternative to abatement for ACM whose ratings fell below the line on the chart is Operations and Maintenance, or O&M.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAsbestos abatement.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10473M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10473M.htm

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=050  \4$aTD887.A8
=082  04$a628.5/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 4 : Abatement ProjectsRemoval of Asbestos-Containing Materials.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (35 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 23 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10471M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10471M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PROCESS OF ASSESSING THE CURRENT Condition and Potential for Disturbance of asbestos-containing materials as described in Chapter 3 often leads to a decision to undertake an asbestos abatement project. There are other reasons to abate ACM, which is usually done by removing it. The most common reason is compliance with the NESHAP regulation that effectively mandates abatement of any ACM that might be disturbed during renovation or demolition work. Abatement projects are also undertaken to reduce the building owner 's liability, as part of a financial transaction and for other reasons.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAsbestos abatement.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10471M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10471M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803103924
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=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.1/1/08$223
=100  1\$aASTM Committee D02, , $eauthor.
=245  10$aLow-Temperature Pumpability Characteristics of Engine Oils in Full-Scale Engines / $c ASTM Committee D02.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1975.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (99 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1975, Issue DS57 (September 1975)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11860D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11860D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aLow-temperature engine oil pumpability data have been obtained on thirteen ASTM Pumpability Reference Oils in seven full-scale test engines. Borderline Pumping Temperatures based on gallery oil pressure traces were determined for all thirteen Reference Oils in four of the test engines, and for nine of the Reference Oils in all seven test engines. Data were also obtained as to the type of flow failure occurring (air-binding or flow-limited) and on rocker arm oiling times.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1975. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternal combustion engines $xCold weather operation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11860D.
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=245  00$aMagnetic Particle Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2002.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (26 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2002, Issue DS68 (February 2002)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12026D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12026D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2002. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=650  \0$aNondestructive testing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12026D.
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=100  1\$aMackintosh, David, $eauthor.
=245  10$aElectromagnetic Testing / $cDavid Mackintosh.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2002.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2002, Issue DS68 (February 2002)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12024D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12024D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2002. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=650  \0$aNondestructive testing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12024D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12024D.htm

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=100  1\$aRobinson, Sam, $eauthor.
=245  10$aPenetrant Testing / $cSam Robinson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2002.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2002, Issue DS68 (February 2002)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12025D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12025D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2002. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNondestructive testing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNondestructive testing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12025D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12025D.htm

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=008  170503c2002||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=100  1\$aEhrlich, Charles D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aLeak Testing / $cPatrick J. Abbott, Charles D. Ehrlich.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2002.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12027D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12027D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2002. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=700  1\$aAbbott, Patrick J., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12027D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12027D.htm

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=082  04$a620.1/127$223
=245  00$aGeneral Data.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2002.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (29 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2002, Issue DS68 (February 2002)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12022D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12022D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b52.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2002. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNondestructive testing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNondestructive testing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12022D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12022D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA417.2
=082  04$a620.1/127$223
=245  00$aRadiography.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2002.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (25 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2002, Issue DS68 (February 2002)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12040D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12040D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn the generation of X-rays with an X-ray tube, the minimum wavelength ?min that is produced is given by ?min=hc/eV where h=Planck's constant,6.62611034Js, c=speed of light,2.9979108m/s, e=elementary charge,1.60221019C, and V=the tube voltage. Therefore, ?min=1240/Vnm The wavelength of maximum X-ray emission ?peak is approximately 3/2 times the minimum wavelength. That is, ?peak?1860/Vnm Table 3.1 lists ?min and ?peak as functions of V.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2002. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNondestructive testing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNondestructive testing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12040D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12040D.htm

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=100  1\$aSlotwinski, John A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aUltrasonic Testing / $cJohn A. Slotwinski.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2002.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2002, Issue DS68 (February 2002)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12023D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12023D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2002. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNondestructive testing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNondestructive testing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12023D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12023D.htm

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=008  170503c1970||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186446 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803108257
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11835D$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a691$223
=100  1\$aWhite, E. W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aX-Ray and Absorption Wavelengths and Two-Theta Tables / $cE. W. White, G. G. Johnson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1970.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (293 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1970, Issue DS37A (May 1970)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11835D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11835D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aX-ray emission spectrography (X-ray fluorescence) and the electron microprobe are two basic techniques for elemental chemical analysis. X-ray fluorescence instruments are now used routinely for the determination of all elements fluorine and heavier. The more efficient X-ray excitation by electrons used in the microprobe makes it feasible to work with all elements boron and heavier. Lithium and beryllium also can be detected in the microprobe although not as readily as the heavier elements. Fundamental to the successful use of these techniques is the proper application of X-ray emission line and absorption edge wavelength data, together with calculated values for the Bragg diffraction angles of the analyzing crystals. The trend is toward the analysis of specimens having increasing complex chemistry as well as toward utilization of X-ray emission line shifts (soft X-ray spectroscopy) to determine how elements are chemically bonded in a given specimen. These developments have created a need for reference tables in convenient form. This volume is the second edition of such tables. It provides a listing of all X-ray emission lines (160 * and shorter), incorporating some 3400 first order lines, absorption edges, and the calculated two-theta values for 23 commonly used analyzing crystals.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1970. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aX-ray spectroscopy $xTables.
=650  \0$aX-ray spectroscopy.
=700  1\$aJohnson, G. G., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11835D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11835D.htm

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=008  170503c1980||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186675 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803103382
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11869D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11869D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA479.C5
=082  04$a620.1/717/0287$223
=100  1\$aSmith, G. V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aEvaluations of the Elevated Temperature Tensilde and Creep-Rupture Properties of 12 to 27 Percent Chromium Steels / $cG. V. Smith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1980.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (330 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1980, Issue DS59 (August 1980)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11869D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11869D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEvaluations of the static elevated temperature strength properties of some 25 ferfous alloys containing about 12 to 27 percent chromium (Cr) are reported. The principal objective of the evaluations was to develop best estimates for the temperature variation of the basic properties  yield, tensile, rupture and creep strengths  that are required for establishing allowable stresses for the power generation and process industries.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1980. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElongation.
=650  \0$aCreep strength.
=650  \0$aYield strength.
=650  \0$aData evaluation.
=650  \0$aRupture strength.
=650  \0$aTensile strength.
=650  \0$aReduction of area.
=650  \0$aElevated temperature.
=650  \0$aMechanical properties.
=650  \0$aFerritic chromium steels.
=650  \0$aTime-temperature parameter.
=650  \0$aChrome steel $xTesting.
=650  \0$aMetals $xEffect of high temperatures on.
=650  \0$aSteel $xCreep.
=653  10$aelevated temperature.
=653  20$atensile strength.
=653  20$ayield strength.
=653  20$acreep strength.
=653  20$arupture strength.
=653  20$aelongation.
=653  20$areduction of area.
=653  20$aferritic chromium steels.
=653  20$atime-temperature parameter.
=653  20$amechanical properties.
=653  20$adata evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11869D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11869D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.P5
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=100  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 78-Water Handling Systems / $cSW. Dean, BP. Boffardi.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11084M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11084M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCORROSION MONITORING is an integral part of any water treatment program. It is used to determine treatment effectiveness and to establish the optimum level of chemical treatment that is most cost effective, not necessarily the cheapest per pound.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aWater-supply $xSafety measures $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aWater-supply $xSanitation $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aWater $xToxicology $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aBoffardi, BP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11084M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11084M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD898.14.M35
=082  04$a621.48/38$223
=100  1\$aLifka, BW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 47-Aluminum (and Alloys) / $cEL. Hibner, BW. Lifka.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11053M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11053M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b34.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFOUR FACTORS SHOULD be considered in selecting corrosion tests for aluminum and aluminum alloys. These are: (1) the expected service environment, (2) the type of corrosion expected in service, (3) the primary material requirements of the application which should not be excessively degraded by corrosion, and (4) whether the material requires surface protection for use in the intended environment. Some form of surface protection is almost always necessary for the high-strength 2xxx and 7xxx series alloys.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRadioactive waste disposal $xManagement.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSpent reactor fuels.
=650  \0$aAluminum -- Isotopes.
=700  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11053M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11053M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA462
=082  04$a620.1/1223$223
=100  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCorrosion-Related Standards / $cHP. Hack, R. Baboian.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11087M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11087M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=650  \0$aMetals $xDefects.
=650  \0$aCorrosion.
=650  \0$aAnticorrosion.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11087M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11087M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD226
=082  04$a628.0671$223
=100  1\$aKrisher, AS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 34-Industrial Waters / $cHP. Hack, AS. Krisher.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11040M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11040M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b26.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE TERM INDUSTRIAL WATERS refers to water used for process or auxiliary purposes in an operating plant. Typically the water that comes into the plant is surface water (from rivers, lakes, or seas) or ground water (from wells). The water may or may not have been treated to reduce suspended solids, to control biological content, to adjust dissolved solids content, to control corrosiveness, or solids precipitation, etc.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aWater-supply $zCanada.
=650  \0$aWater $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11040M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11040M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD9710.A2
=082  04$a629.2/068$223
=100  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 61-Automotive / $cSW. Dean, R. Baboian.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11067M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11067M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b60.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY has become one of the key sectors of the economy throughout the world. In industrialized countries it is estimated that between 10 and 16 % of the working population is employed in activities related to the automotive sector.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOrganizational learning $xCase studies.
=650  \7$aTRANSPORTATION $xAutomotive $xPictorial. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAutomotive. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aAutomobile industry and trade $xManagement $xCase studies.
=650  \0$aComparative management.
=650  \7$aTRANSPORTATION $xAutomotive $xPictorial. $2bisasch.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAutomotive. $2bisasch.
=650  \0$aAutomobile industry and trade $xManagement.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11067M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11067M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120983
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11059M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11059M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA480.T54
=082  04$a669/.7322$223
=100  1\$aSchutz, RW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 53-Titanium / $cEL. Hibner, RW. Schutz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11059M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11059M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b44.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAPPLICATION OF TITANIUM and its alloys in aerospace, marine, energy chemical process, and other industrial sectors continues to expand. This has been motivated, in part, by trends in decreasing cost and increasing commercial availability of titanium mill products, improved designer and user knowledge and familiarity, and titanium's unique, attractive combination of engineering properties. These properties include, but are not limited to, relatively low density, low modulus, a wide range of strength, and exceptional corrosion resistance over a very wide span of environmental conditions [1,2].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aTitanium.
=650  \0$aTitanium alloys.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisasch.
=700  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11059M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11059M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11073M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11073M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD9685.U5
=082  04$a333.793/2/0687$223
=100  1\$aPellgrini, AD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 67-Electric Power / $cSW. Dean, P. Mayer, AD. Pellgrini.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11073M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11073M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCORROSION OF ELECTRIC POWER transmission lines has been a primary cause of in-service equipment degradation. An integral part of the effort to mitigate corrosion processes is the use of standard and nonstandard testing methods for their prevention, correct recognition, and damage extent determination. Corrosion testing also serves multiple functions in equipment design, manufacture, and service life extension.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElectric power $xPurchasing $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aElectric power $xPurchasing $zCanada.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xPurchasing $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xPurchasing $zCanada.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aMayer, P., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11073M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11073M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11024M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11024M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT7.5
=082  04$a620.1723$223
=100  1\$aKelly, RG., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 18-Pitting / $cHP. Hack, RG. Kelly.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11024M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11024M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b38.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPITTING CORROSION occurs when discrete areas of a material undergo rapid attack, although the vast majority of the surface remains virtually unaffected. This morphology is in sharp contrast to uniform corrosion in which all parts of the exposed surface recede at approximately the same rate. Essentially, all metals and alloys undergo pitting corrosion under some set of experimental conditions, although the relative susceptibility varies widely. The basic requirement for pitting is the existence of a passive state for the material in the environment of interest. Pitting occurs when portions of the metal surface lose their passivity and dissolve rapidly. This loss of passivity often occurs at heterogeneities in the surface (either physical or chemical). Pitting of a given material depends strongly on the presence of an aggressive species in the environment and a sufficiently oxidizing potential (e.g., Cl- ion in neutral, aerated aqueous solution for Type 304 stainless steel). There are many metal/environment combinations that can lead to pitting, as extensively reviewed by Szlarska-Smialowska [1] and more recently by Frankel [2]. In many situations, pitting can severely limit the performance of the material.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPitting Corrosion.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11024M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11024M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95$223
=100  1\$aColwell, RL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3-Metallographic Analysis / $cR. Baboian, RL. Colwell.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11009M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11009M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA NEW DOOR opened into the study of materials in the late 19th century (1863) when a British geologist named Henry C. Sorby decided to polish a piece of steel, etch it with acid, and examine it under a microscope. Since that time, metallographic examinations have been performed on most every engineering material developed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aPhysical metallurgy.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisasch.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11009M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11009M.htm

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=050  \4$aTL685.3
=082  04$a358.4/183/0973$223
=100  1\$aGroshart, EC., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 63-Military Aircraft and Associated Equipment / $cSW. Dean, EC. Groshart.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11069M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11069M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER discusses the reasons for running various corrosion tests on military equipment including airplanes and missiles, and the equipment needed to support them.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMilitary aircraft.
=650  \0$aWeapon systems.
=650  \0$aProduction control.
=650  \0$aAircraft industry $xMilitary aspects.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11069M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11069M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11058M$2doi
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA462
=082  04$a620.1/1223$223
=100  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 52-Cobalt-Base Alloys / $cEL. Hibner, P. Crook.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11058M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11058M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCOBALT OCCURS IN two atomic forms: a low temperature stable hexagonal close packed (hcp) form and a high temperature stable face centered cubic (fcc) form. The transformation temperature of pure cobalt is 417C. Alloying elements such as nickel, iron, and carbon (within its soluble range) are known as fcc stabilizers, and suppress the transformation temperature. Chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten, on the other hand, are hcp stabilizers and have the opposite effect.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetal-cutting.
=650  \0$aStainless steel.
=650  \0$aChromium-cobalt-nickel-molybdenum alloys.
=700  1\$aCrook, P., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11058M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11058M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11082M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11082M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD9567.A17
=082  04$a338.2/728/0978$223
=100  1\$aTuttle, RN., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 76-Petroleum Production and Refining / $cSW. Dean, RN. Tuttle.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11082M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11082M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY is usually divided into oil and gas production, refining, and oil and gas products. These encompass a wide variety of corrosive environments that must be considered during the process of materials selection and corrosion control management. The corrosive environments include acid gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and salt water. Refinery operations involve complex chemical systems and many corrosive environments. Management of these systems involves a wide range of activities by the producing, refining, and service companies.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum industry and trade $zWest (U.S.) $xStatistics $vPeriodicals.
=650  \0$aPetroleum production $zWest (U.S.) $xStatistics $vPeriodicals.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $zWest (U.S.) $xStatistics $vPeriodicals.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11082M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11082M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11017M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11017M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC981.8.G56
=082  04$a363.738/74$223
=100  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 11-Atmospheric / $cHP. Hack, SW. Dean.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11017M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11017M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b28.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE, TOGETHER with many exposure programs, has shown that atmospheric corrosion is a phenomenon that varies greatly from location to location [1]. Studies throughout the world have revealed that the rate of atmospheric corrosion is a function of the metal being tested, the location, the climate, the proximity to pollutants, and a variety of other factors. Most people understand that atmospheric corrosion can occur in outdoor exposures, but more recent experience has shown that corrosion can occur from indoor atmospheres under certain circumstances [2].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGreenhouse effect, Atmospheric.
=650  \0$aGreenhouse effect, Atmospheric $xGovernment policy $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGlobal warming.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11017M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11017M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11086M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11086M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRS100
=082  04$a338.4/3/61510973$223
=100  1\$aJensen, DF., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 80-Pharmaceutical / $cSW. Dean, DF. Jensen.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11086M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11086M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY, a number of business factors exist that tend to discourage a consistent approach to technical issues such as corrosion testing. Some of the major issues are as follows: 1. In many processes the volumes are small and very expensive, creating an economic justification for testing of all processes that is difficult to support. This leads to equipment that is flexible and can handle varied process conditions and chemistries. 2. Being first on the market with a pharmaceutical product is of major business importance. Because speed is a major issue, many technical issues (i.e., corrosion) are frequently over engineered from the standpoint of good engineering practices. This allows flexible equipment to be capable of handling varied conditions and chemistries to support rapid product development. This then limits the need for corrosion testing of all processes. 3. Many reactions are multi-step syntheses, frequently requiring varied chemicals and reaction conditions. Many of the reaction components are proprietary and uncommon to traditional corrosion engineering data sources. Attempting to simulate these varied uncommon chemicals and chemical environments is difficult at best. 4. In many cases the chemistry of the process is still being modified well into development, and some even into production. Successful corrosion control depends on teamwork in which all parties of the project team are aware of process changes being considered and can develop a materials compatibility strategy accordingly. 5. The percentage of products that survive from discovery to production is very small. The time from product decision to production is very small. This also drives the need for flexible equipment, and limits the ability to corrosion testing for a specific process.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPharmaceutical industry.
=650  \0$aPrescription pricing.
=650  \0$aDrug Industry $xeconomics.
=650  \0$aBiomedical Research $xeconomics.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11086M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11086M.htm

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=001  MNL11071M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11071M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11071M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTG25.H83
=082  04$a624.209747/3$223
=100  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 65-Highways, Tunnels, and Bridges / $cSW. Dean, JB. Bushman, V. Choker.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11071M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11071M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b16.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTRANSPORTATION IN THE UNITED STATES is essential to the physical and economic well-being of the country. In general, the transportation infrastructure in the United States has stood up well, leading to a false sense of security and to our taking it for granted. We are currently faced with the need to maintain, repair, and reconstruct the existing systems to extend their life expectancies, or to develop new technologies to replace them with more efficient and effective systems. To understand these challenges, an overview of the current material and testing procedures has been prepared.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xCivil $xBridges. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xCivil $xBridges. $2bisasch.
=650  \0$aBridges.
=650  \0$aTunnels.
=700  1\$aBushman, JB., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aChoker, V., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11071M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11071M.htm

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=001  MNL11074M
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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11074M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11074M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aDS935.5
=082  04$a327.7305193/09/049$223
=100  1\$aLicina, GJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 68-Nuclear Power / $cSW. Dean, GJ. Licina.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11074M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11074M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMINIMIZING CORROSION is a primary objective of nuclear power plant design. Such plants use corrosion-resistant alloys and high purity and well controlled water chemistries in critical systems to achieve that objective. Despite such measures, nuclear plants have experienced localized corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking in several plant components. These corrosion events have had significant ramifications on plant operability due to the extremely stringent requirements on component reliability and containment of radio-nuclides. Standards devoted to assessing susceptibility to localized corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) have been used to qualify materials and remedial countermeasures. In many cases, the evolution of nuclear plant designs has required development of new standards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aPOLITICAL CONDITIONS. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aNUCLEAR POWER. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aNUCLEAR WEAPONS. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aMILITARY POLICY. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aPOLITICAL CONDITIONS. $2bisasch.
=650  \7$aNUCLEAR POWER. $2bisasch.
=650  \7$aNUCLEAR WEAPONS. $2bisasch.
=650  \7$aMILITARY POLICY. $2bisasch.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11074M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11074M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQA279.5
=082  04$a519.542$223
=100  1\$aHaynie, FH., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 5-Statistical Treatment of Data, Data Interpretation, and Reliability / $cR. Baboian, FH. Haynie.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11011M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11011M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMOST PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL measurements, performed under nominally identical conditions, yield differing data. The results of corrosion tests are no exception. Sometimes the difference between values is less than the measurement accuracy and cannot be detected. At other times the difference approaches the magnitude of the values. Unfortunately, corrosion test data tend to be in the latter category more often than in the former.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBayesian statistical decision theory.
=650  \0$aBayes Theorem.
=650  \0$aData Interpretation, Statistical.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11011M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11011M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHA29
=082  04$a001.4/33$223
=100  1\$aSilverman, DC., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 2-Types of Data / $cR. Baboian, DC. Silverman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11008M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11008M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCORROSION TESTS ARE performed to provide information on material degradation in specific environments, information that is not available from other sources. Corrosion testing can be divided into two broad categories, electrochemical and nonelectrochemical. Within these categories, test results are presented in a number of ways, ranging from numerical output to qualitative examination of the test specimen. Both types of data are represented in each category. A very complete listing of data formats for collection and compilation for computerized databases is presented in ASTM G 107, Guide for Formats for Collection and Compilation of Corrosion Data for Metals for Computerized Database Input. The information in that standard includes a significant portion of the type of test data that might be recorded during corrosion testing. Since required data are test-dependent, not every test would include all of the data listed, but the standard does provide a reasonable, first pass checklist and should be used to ensure that needed information is not overlooked.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aData processing.
=650  \0$aElectronic mail systems.
=650  \0$aInternet.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11008M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11008M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA459
=082  04$a620.1623$223
=100  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 45-Lead (and Alloys) / $cEL. Hibner, SJ. Alhassan, FE. Goodwin.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11051M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11051M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aLEAD IS A MEMBER of Group IVB of the periodic table with two oxidation states (Pb2+ and Pb4+), but the chemistry of the element is dominated by Pb2+ ion. Lead has four isotopes with three of them being the ultimate decay products of uranium (238U and 235U) and, therefore, widely used in geological dating. The crystal structure of lead in solid form is face-centered cubic (FCC) with a lattice parameter of 4.95  at 20C. Lead is a blue-gray metal with density (11.3 g/cm3) 50 % more than that of steel and four times that of aluminum. However, lead is malleable, soft, and melts at only 327C, and therefore, readily cut and shaped into pipes and sheets since ancient times.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMaterial Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aAlloys $x Corrosion.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=700  1\$aAlhassan, SJ., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aGoodwin, FE., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11051M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11051M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120982
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aS592.6.O73
=082  04$a631.4/17$223
=100  1\$aVeleva, L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 32-Soils / $cHP. Hack, L. Veleva.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11038M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11038M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b34.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSOIL AS A CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT is probably of greater complexity than any other environment. The corrosion process of buried metal structures is extremely variable and can range from rapid to negligible. In fact, pipes in soil can be perforated within one year, presenting very localized or uniform corrosion attack (Figs. 1-2). With background knowledge of the principal soil specifics and their influence on metal corrosion, the most serious corrosion problems can be prevented.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSoils $x Organic compound content.
=650  \0$aMarine sediments.
=650  \0$aSewage sludge.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11038M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11038M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11044M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11044M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD476
=082  04$a547$223
=100  1\$aShifter, DA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 38-Organic Liquids / $cHP. Hack, CS. Brossia, DA. Shifter.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11044M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11044M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b49.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aORGANIC LIQUIDS ARE USED in a wide variety of industrial applications. They can be characterized as liquids that consist of one or more carbon atoms joined to other atoms via covalent bonds. Common atoms included in organic molecules are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. Both the rate and yield of certain reactions have been found to greatly increase when performed in organic liquids. Thus, they are widely used in the chemical process industry for synthesis. With the increase in the use of organic liquids, increases in observed corrosion problems associated with the exposure of materials to them have also occurred. In some cases, failures involve an unacceptably large loss of metal or degradation of material properties. However, in many other cases, the major issue is discoloration or degradation of the organic solution resulting from corrosion of the processing vessel, as the solution is the product of commercial interest. For example, many Pharmaceuticals are synthesized in organic solutions in large vessels. For these applications, the corrosion resistance requirements for materials used are stringent. The introduction of metals into a product can lead to rapid degradation of the product, as well as health and safety concerns.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPhysical organic chemistry $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aLiquids $xCongresses.
=700  1\$aBrossia, CS., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11044M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11044M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120983
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA462
=082  04$a620.1/1223$223
=100  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 9-Immersion Testing / $cHP. Hack, RA. Corbett.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11015M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11015M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMOST CHEMICAL PLANT processes are complex. Materials of construction for process equipment and piping must be selected with care to assure corrosion-free operation of those plants. In a well designed plant, materials selection is based on a number of factors: prior service history, field inplant corrosion tests, pilot plant corrosion tests and laboratory corrosion tests, in that relative order of usefulness.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives $xTesting.
=700  1\$aCorbett, RA., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11015M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11015M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11083M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11083M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP370
=082  04$a664.00154$223
=100  1\$aTholke, B., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 77-Food and Beverage / $cSW. Dean, WE. Clayton, B. Tholke.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11083M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11083M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b35.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY, the workhorse materials are the 300 series austenitic stainless steels (i.e., S30400, S30403, S31600, and S31603). S30100 and 30200 are used, but less frequently. The 300 series alloys are used because they resist corrosion attack by most environments in the industry, are easily fabricated, do not cause contamination of the products, and are readily sanitized [1-3]. As with any industry, there are many other unique materials that are also used. In neutral or slightly acid environments where chlorides are significant, chloride-resistant stainless steel and/or other high alloy materials are used [4]. Duplex stainless steels are being used more and more frequently [5,6]. In some services like fats and edible oil, copper or copper-containing alloys should be avoided.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFood industry and trade.
=650  \0$aBeverage industry.
=650  \0$aFood $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFood $xComposition.
=700  1\$aClayton, WE., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11083M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11083M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11045M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11045M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD189
=082  04$a546/.34$223
=100  1\$aPettit, FS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 39-Molten Salts / $cHP. Hack, FS. Pettit.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11045M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11045M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b35.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMOLTEN SALT INDUCED CORROSION may be encountered whenever molten salts contact metallic or ceramic surfaces at elevated temperatures. There are numerous industrial processes in which such conditions can develop. For example, during combustion, deposits such as Na2SO4 can accumulate on hardware and cause corrosion. The combustion may occur, for example, in gas turbines, incinerators, or in diesel engines. The conditions are such that the deposits form as a thin (~1 ?m) liquid layer separating the alloy from the gas phase. There are also other industrial processes, such as molten carbonate fuel cells, where molten salts are held in metallic or ceramic containers at elevated temperatures. The molten salts can corrode the container materials, but the conditions differ from the combustion environments because the amount of salt is very large with much larger diffusion distances between the gas phase and the container material. Because of the complexity of the environments, no tests have been developed that find general acceptance. In this section, testing in molten salts present as thin layers and as deep melts will be discussed, using illustrative examples to show some of the tests that have been developed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFused salts $xAnalysis.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xInorganic. $2bisacsh.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11045M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11045M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQE75
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=100  1\$aHopkins, AG., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 4-Surface Analysis / $cR. Baboian, AG. Hopkins.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11010M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11010M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBECAUSE CORROSION is fundamentally a surface phenomenon, those interested in the fundamental processes of corrosion have always been among the first to explore the utility of surface analysis techniques. These techniques have had, and will continue to have, great success in illuminating many facets of corrosion phenomena.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGeomorphology $zWest (U.S.)
=650  \0$aTrend surface analysis.
=650  \0$aGeomorphology.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11010M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11010M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ405.U53
=082  04$a621.312132$223
=100  1\$aJonas, O., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 69-Steam Generation / $cSW. Dean, O. Jonas.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11075M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11075M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b39.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER COVERS corrosion and corrosion testing for the water side and steam side of utility and industrial steam generation, fossil fuel, and nuclear units. It does not cover primary cycles of nuclear units, fire side in fossil fuel fired steam generators, gas turbines, and cooling water systems.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteam power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \0$aFossil fuels $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \0$aSteam generation $xMaintenance and repair.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11075M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11075M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD491
=082  04$a628.1/5$223
=100  1\$aSchully, JR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 17-Uniform Corrosion / $cJR. Schully, JA. Ellor, J. Repp.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11023M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11023M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTESTING FOR UNIFORM corrosion is one of the most common corrosion tests employed to determine material suitability in a wide variety of applications. The following is intended to be an introduction into the subject of testing for uniform corrosion, its applications, basic methodology, and limitations. The reader is referred to applicable standards fully detailing the procedures.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPipe, Copper $xCorrosion.
=650  \0$aWater-pipes $xCorrosion.
=700  1\$aEllor, JA., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aRepp, J., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11023M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11023M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5$223
=100  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 36-Petroleum / $cHP. Hack, KD. Efird.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11042M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11042M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PETROLEUM PRODUCTION environment provides a unique challenge for corrosion testing in that it is not a controlled chemistry, as a chemical process environment, but is an environment provided by nature, with all the potential variability in phase distribution and chemical composition this implies. Petroleum environments are always complex, and often change during production from a formation, or may change due to production from formations that were not included or anticipated in the original planning for field exploitation. The corrosion test program for petroleum environments must, therefore, account for the environment nature has created with very little ability to alter or control it. In a very real sense the petroleum chemistry environment is a case of what you see is what you get. The primary concern with corrosion testing in petroleum environments is to ensure that what you see is, in fact, what is really in the actual production environment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPetroleum. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=700  1\$aEfird, KD., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11042M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11042M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120983
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA462
=082  04$a620.1/1223$223
=100  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAuthor Index / $cHP. Hack, R. Baboian.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11088M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11088M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAnticorrosion.
=650  \0$aCorrosion.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11088M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11088M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11028M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA642
=082  04$a620$223
=100  1\$aSprowls, DO., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 22-Exfoliation / $cJR. Schully, DO. Sprowls, KR. Cooper.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11028M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11028M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHISTORICALLY, exfoliation corrosion problems have been associated principally with high-strength aluminum alloys used in aircraft construction and by the U.S. Department of Defense. This chapter, therefore, will deal mainly with test procedures developed for alloys of aluminum.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering)
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xDesign and construction.
=650  \0$aMatrices.
=700  1\$aCooper, KR., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aSchully, JR., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11028M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11028M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11020M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aS592.6.O73
=082  04$a631.4/17$223
=100  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 14-Soils / $cHP. Hack, E. Escalante.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11020M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11020M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b23.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMUCH OF THE underground infrastructure in the United States was constructed after World War II in the 1950s and '60s, and many of these structures, such as pipelines, utilities, and storage tanks, are approaching the end of their useful life. Thus, there is an increased need for data on the underground corrosion performance of materials used in these structures. The ideal measurement would nondestructively provide information on how much a structure has deteriorated and how rapidly this deterioration is occurring. With this information, engineers can predict the expected lifetime of a structure. With present day techniques, we can measure the rate of corrosion of an underground structure, but we lack a nonintrusive method that provides information on the extent of accumulated damage. Controlled tests are one way that data on accumulated damage can be obtained, and it is for this reason that this type of test is useful. This section on field measurements will concentrate on the types of underground corrosion measurements that can be made in controlled and uncontrolled conditions, with an emphasis on controlled site testing.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSoils $xOrganic compound content.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAgriculture $xAgronomy $xSoil Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aMarine sediments.
=650  \0$aSewage sludge.
=700  1\$aEscalante, E., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11020M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11020M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11065M$2doi
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=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA459 .T384 2013
=082  04$a629.10923478$223
=100  1\$aMoffat, TP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 59-Electrodeposits / $cEL. Hibner, TP. Moffat.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11065M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11065M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALLIC COATINGS has been extensively used as a means of corrosion control. In general, coatings are designed according to one of three different schemes. Electrodeposited coatings may be devised to act as corrosion-resistant barrier layers that separate the substrate from the aggressive environment. Alternatively, the well-known galvanic effects that arise from electrically coupling dissimilar metals may be used to provide active porous coatings, which cathodically or anodically protect the substrate. Electroplating a base metal with a barrier layer of gold is an example of the first strategy. Electrogalvanizing, or depositing zinc on steel, is an example of a sacrificial coating, while thin, porous, noble metal coatings such as palladium or platinum, which catalyze the proton-hydrogen reaction, may be used to anodically protect stainless steels.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetallic coatings.
=650  \0$aMetals.
=650  \0$aNon-metallic materials.
=700  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11065M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11065M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aUG1242.F5
=082  04$a358.4/3$223
=100  1\$aMarceau, JA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 62-Commercial Aircraft / $cSW. Dean, AA. Adjorlolo, JA. Marceau.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11068M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11068M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCORROSION OF AIRCRAFT structure has plagued the airline industry since the use of metals in aircraft manufacture. It is costly both in unscheduled downtime and man-hours required for repair. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) reported in 1983 that corrosion cost the airlines between $8 and $20 per flight hour [1]. These numbers do not reflect the unscheduled downtime, both at the main bases and route stations, nor the additional corrosion inspections of aging airplanes recently mandated by the regulatory agencies. In fact, unlike fatigue damage, corrosion is extremely difficult to predict, i.e., when and where it will start, how fast it will progress, or how much damage it will cause. Because of this unpredictability, corrosion inspections are an integral part of an airline's maintenance program, and make up a significant part of its cost.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFighter planes.
=650  \0$aAirplanes, Racing.
=650  \0$aFighter aircrafts.
=700  1\$aAdjorlolo, AA., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11068M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11068M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA462
=082  04$a620.1/1223$223
=100  1\$aKane, RD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 10-High-Temperature and High-Pressure Corrosion Testing / $cHP. Hack, RD. Kane.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11016M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11016M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAUTOCLAVE CORROSION TESTS are a convenient means for laboratory simulation of many service environments for the purpose of evaluating the corrosion resistance of materials and for determining the effects of metallurgical, processing, and environmental variables on corrosion processes. The reason for such tests is to more closely recreate the high temperatures and pressures commonly occurring in commercial or industrial processes.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCorrosion.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11016M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11016M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA462
=082  04$a620.1/1223$223
=100  1\$aSchully, JR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 20-Galvanic / $cJR. Schully, HP. Hack.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11026M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11026M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b23.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN ORDER TO BE able to properly design and interpret the results from galvanic corrosion tests, it is necessary to have some appreciation of the electrochemical theory behind galvanic corrosion. Metal corrosion consists of at least two reactions. The first is the metal going into solution in the electrolyte M->Mn++ne-.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAnticorrosion.
=650  \0$aCorrosion.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11026M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11026M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11078M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11078M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK5102
=082  04$a004.6/03$223
=100  1\$aSchick, G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 72-Telecommunications / $cSW. Dean, G. Schick.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11078M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11078M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b31.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE TELECOMMUNICATION CABLE plant is exposed to three basically different environments: aerial, underground, and buried.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aCOMPUTERS $xNetworking $xVendor Specific. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aCOMPUTERS $xData Transmission Systems $vGeneral. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aCOMPUTERS $xNetworking $xVendor Specific. $2bisasch.
=650  \7$aCOMPUTERS $xData Transmission Systems $vGeneral. $2bisasch.
=650  \0$aComputer networks.
=650  \0$aTelecommunication.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11078M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11078M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11063M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11063M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK3421
=082  04$a621.319/37$223
=100  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 57-Nonmetallic Coatings / $cEL. Hibner, RD. Granata.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11063M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11063M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA LARGE NUMBER OF tests exist for establishing the reliability of nonmetallic protective coatings on metal substrates. Definitions, fundamentals, methodology, and practical examples are offered for a better understanding of tests for protective coatings and to demonstrate that well defined tests alone are not adequate without rational application and interpretation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElectric insulators and insulation.
=650  \0$aHeat resistant materials.
=650  \0$aNonmetallic materials.
=650  \0$aMetal bonding.
=700  1\$aGranata, RD., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11063M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11063M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11056M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11056M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN693.N5
=082  04$a669.7332$223
=100  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 50-Nickel (and Alloys) / $cEL. Hibner, EL. Hibner.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11056M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11056M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS the corrosion resistance of nickel and its alloys and identifies relevant ASTM standards associated with their evaluation. The test technique selected ultimately will depend upon the specific alloy involved, the type of corrosion in question, or the end application, or a combination thereof. The following discussions will deal primarily with aqueous corrosion and the nickel-base (greater than about 30 % nickel) alloys designed for aqueous corrosion resistance. High-temperature gaseous corrosion will be addressed in other sections.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNickel-aluminum alloys.
=650  \0$aNickel alloys.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisasch.
=700  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11056M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11056M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11035M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11035M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQB603.A85
=082  04$a551.509992$223
=100  1\$aSinclair, JD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 29-Indoor Atmospheres / $cHP. Hack, JD. Sinclair.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11035M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11035M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b25.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCORROSION IN indoor environments is an exceedingly complex process. Few environments have as many components that participate in the corrosion of materials as the indoor environments in which we live and work. While the indoor environment is less harsh than many other environments, e.g., chemical reactors and jet engines, its effects are particularly difficult to mimic through accelerated life testing because of the many possible chemical and physical interactions that can take place between environmental components and materials.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlanets $xAtmospheres.
=650  \0$aAstronomy.
=650  \0$aAtmospheres.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11035M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11035M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11012M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11012M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD38.5
=082  04$a658.5$223
=100  1\$aRoberge, PR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 6-Computer Based Data Organization and Computer Applications / $cR. Baboian, PR. Roberge.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11012M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11012M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b34.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCOMPUTERS PLAY IMPORTANT roles in data acquisition in laboratory and field environments, data processing and analysis, data searching and data presentation in understandable and useful formats. The rapid development of accessible computing power since the 1980s has led to the use of computers and direct or indirect applications of machine intelligence in every sphere of science and engineering. As a modern science philosopher has written, The emergence of machine intelligence during the second half of the twentieth century is the most important development in the evolution of this planet since the origin of life two to three thousand million years ago. Computers also assist engineers to transform data into usable and relevant information. The connectivity of computers to the outside world through the Internet and the Web has opened up tremendous channels of communication that never existed before.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBusiness logistics $xData processing.
=650  \0$aEngineering Economics, Organization, Logistics, Marketing.
=650  \0$aComputer Applications.
=650  \0$aManagement of Computing and Information Systems.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11012M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11012M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN695
=082  04$a671.37$223
=100  1\$aSamal, PK., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 60-Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Materials / $cEL. Hibner, E. Klar, PK. Samal.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11066M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11066M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b26.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA POWDER METALLURGY part is conventionally made by compacting a lubricated metal powder in a die to the desired shape followed by sintering in a protective atmosphere. Simple and complex parts with densities typically ranging between 80 and 90 % of theoretical and having the finished dimensions are produced at high production rates. The P/M process uses raw materials and energy efficiently and, hence, is cost effective.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPowder metallurgy.
=650  \0$aMetallurgy.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisasch.
=700  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKlar, E., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11066M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11066M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA459
=082  04$a620.1623$223
=100  1\$aDeBold, TA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 73-Metals Processing / $cSW. Dean, TA. DeBold.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11079M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11079M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE tests for materials evaluation requires consideration of pertinent forms of corrosion and details of the environment and methods of fabrication. Mechanical properties, cost, and material availability are also important. This chapter describes the rationale of test selection and supplies background on corrosion testing.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals.
=650  \0$aAlloys $xCorrosion.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11079M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11079M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11021M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT50
=082  04$a006.3$223
=100  1\$aPerkins, A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 15-Industrial Applications / $cHP. Hack, A. Perkins.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11021M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11021M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHERE ARE A CONSIDERABLE number of sources of material testing data that have been accumulated over the years and are available to process plant designers to assess the most suitable materials selection for a particular plant and operating conditions. However, many of the factors involved in the selection of an optimum choice are subject to variability, and this makes the selection process more complex.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNeural networks (Computer science) $xIndustrial applications $xCongresses.
=650  \7$aCOMPUTERS $xEnterprise Applications $xBusiness Intelligence Tools. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aMeasurement $xData processing $xCongresses.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11021M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11021M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11037M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11037M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQL627
=082  04$a597.092/973$223
=100  1\$aYoung, WT., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 31-Freshwater / $cHP. Hack, WT. Young, P. Fairer.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11037M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11037M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCORROSION TESTING IN freshwater environments is performed to determine the corrosion characteristics of water, evaluate the behavior of various materials when exposed to water, and evaluate various corrosion mitigation methods. For example, waters in cooling systems are often analyzed to determine how much and what forms of corrosion might occur on a given metal. Screening tests are used to select the most appropriate metal for use as piping material. Various water treatment alternatives can be tested in the laboratory or in a pilot plant. Tests are used to monitor the selected treatment scheme. Laboratory screening tests, detailed simulations, pilot plant studies, and system monitoring are typical corrosion testing methods. In any event, the selection of the appropriate test method will depend on the objectives of the test, details of the system, and the process parameters (e.g., flow, temperature, and chemistry). Test design and analysis are covered elsewhere in this book as well as in the referenced documents. This chapter discusses the causes and types of corrosion common in freshwater systems and the standardized tests used for evaluation. Freshwater can be defined simply as water that is not salty and brackish water is defined by the dictionary as water having a somewhat salty taste. A more quantitative definition of brackish water is water with a salinity between 0.5 and 17 parts per thousand [1] (Ref ASM Materials Engineering Dictionary, J. R. Davis Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1992). Then freshwater can be further defined as water with a salinity less than 0.5 parts per thousand. For the purposes of this chapter, freshwater systems include potable water, heating/cooling, condensate, rivers, streams, and lakes.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFreshwater fishes $zUnited States $xIdentification.
=650  \0$aFreshwater fishes $zCanada $xIdentification.
=650  \0$aFreshwater fishes.
=700  1\$aFairer, P., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11037M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11037M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11014M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11014M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA462
=082  04$a620.1/1223$223
=100  1\$aMeade, CL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 8-Cabinet Tests / $cHP. Hack, CL. Meade.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11014M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11014M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b22.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCABINET CORROSION TESTS have been used since the early 1900s as a means of evaluating the performance of coatings as a quality control tool for monitoring processes, and in some cases, as a method for accelerating corrosive activity.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives $xTesting.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11014M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11014M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11034M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11034M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQB603.A85
=082  04$a551.509992$223
=100  1\$aLawson, HH., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 28-Outdoor Atmospheres / $cHP. Hack, HH. Lawson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11034M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11034M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIT IS ESTIMATED THAT half the total cost of corrosion in the United States is spent on the protection of materials in the atmosphere [i]. Therefore, atmospheric testing has assumed a great degree of importance throughout the world, especially because of the emphasis on conserving natural resources.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlanets $xAtmospheres.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xEarth Sciences $xMeteorology & Climatology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aAstronomy.
=650  \0$aAtmospheres.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11034M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11034M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11057M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11057M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA479.S7
=082  04$a620.1/7$223
=100  1\$aMartin, JW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 51-Stainless Steels / $cEL. Hibner, JW. Martin.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11057M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11057M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSTAINLESS STEELS ARE iron-based alloys containing at least 10 % chromium [1]. Although iron may corrode in an ordinary rural environment, the chromium gives stainless steel its ability to form a protective or passive film that resists corrosion. It is this ability to resist the formation of rust that led to the name stainless steel. Generally, it is thought that the passive film consists of hydrated chromium oxide. Other alloy elements such as iron, molybdenum, silicon, etc., have also been detected in the passive film. The passive film also tends to incorporate anions and cations that may be present in the environment in which the film forms. Stainless steels are autopassivating in the sense that the passive film is formed spontaneously upon exposure to air, moisture, or an oxidizing acid. When stainless steel is exposed to such an environment, its corrosion resistance approaches that of noble metals; however, when exposed to an environment that damages, reduces, or inhibits the formation of the passive film, corrosion resistance of the alloy is compromised.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStainless steel.
=650  \0$aEngineering design.
=650  \0$aBuilding materials.
=700  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11057M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11057M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC701.7
=082  04$a537.532$223
=100  1\$aSmith, GD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 37-High-Temperature Gases / $cHP. Hack, GD. Smith, BA. Baker.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11043M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11043M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b54.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aLABORATORY AND FIELD TESTING is aimed at characterizing material performance for specific applications, or at evaluating the effect of variations in test conditions on candidate materials. The test environment should mimic, as faithfully as possible, the environment of the actual application. This includes simulating the chemical composition of the atmosphere, temperature and thermal cycle profiles, stress states, fatigue conditions, and design. Test racks placed in actual use are frequently employed. In other cases, prototype or scaled-downed apparatus are designed and constructed to duplicate the end-use application. Laboratory service tests are commonly engineered specifically to evaluate the effect of one or more critical aspects of the exposure conditions. The data on material performance are then used to determine failure of mechanisms, components, or material life, or to screen materials for the application. This chapter will focus on high-temperature gaseous environment testing used to evaluate materials where the applications simultaneously involve high temperature and corrosive conditions. Common basic principles will be described that an investigator must consider in conducting and evaluating these tests. Generalized testing methods associated with specimen preparation, environment synthesis, and evaluation are briefly reviewed. Where applicable, reference is made to more detailed information and studies that are found in the technical literature.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGases at high temperatures $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aIonization of gases $xCongresses.
=700  1\$aBaker, BA., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11043M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11043M.htm

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=245  10$aChapter 35-Industrial Chemicals / $cHP. Hack, RB. Puyear.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11041M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11041M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b38.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS SECTION INCLUDES TESTS for determining the materials of construction requirements for equipment used for manufacturing chemicals. This includes both bulk chemicals, which are typically manufactured in dedicated equipment in large quantities, and specialty chemicals, which are most often made in smaller quantities and often in equipment used for more than one process. Tests for both organic and inorganic chemicals are included. Because some tests require the presence of an electrolyte, they are not suitable for many pure organic processes. Equipment intended for use in the pharmaceutical, petrochemical, or high-temperature gas phase or molten salt processes have special requirements that are not included in this section.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aChemistry.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $vGeneral. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aScience.
=650  \0$aChemicals $xLaw and legislation.
=650  \0$aEnvironmental policy.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11041M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11041M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP1
=082  04$a660$223
=100  1\$aZhang, SH., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 74-Chemical Processing / $cSW. Dean, B. Moniz, SH. Zhang.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11080M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11080M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b33.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE OBJECT OF THIS chapter is to help plant and project engineers understand how corrosion data are generated and used, in order to optimize chemical plant performance and prevent process safety incidents.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aIndustrial Chemistry and Chemical Processing.
=650  \0$aSafety Engineering.
=650  \0$aChemical Phenomena.
=650  \0$aSafety Management.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aMoniz, B., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11080M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11080M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11077M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11077M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK7875
=082  04$a621.381$223
=100  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 71-Electronics / $cSW. Dean, R. Baboian.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11077M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11077M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b36.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFAILURE IN ELECTRONICS DUE TO corrosion has become a significant factor because of the extremely complex systems (microchips, integrated circuits, computers, etc.) that have been developed and the increasing demand on their reliability. Electronics are now a part of all industries, ranging from transportation industries to medical and consumer products. Technological advances have resulted in the development of sophisticated components with closer spacing so that extremely low levels of corrosive contaminants can cause failure. Testing for this type of behavior is difficult and costly. Further advances in electronics can only be made where corrosion issues are addressed and reliability is maintained. Many publications have appeared in the technical literature on the subject of corrosion in electronics with more and more emphasis on testing [1-10].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xElectronics $xMicroelectronics. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xElectronics $xDigital. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aMicroelectromechanical systems.
=650  \0$aMicrotechnology.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xElectronics $xMicroelectronics. $2bisasch.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xElectronics $xDigital. $2bisasch.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11077M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11077M.htm

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=001  MNL11060M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11060M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11060M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA480.Z65
=082  04$a669/.735$223
=100  1\$aYau, T-L, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 54-Zirconium and Hafnium / $cEL. Hibner, T-L Yau.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11060M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11060M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE CHEMICAL PROCESS industry presents a complex set of materials selection challenges. Conducting corrosion testing of candidate materials under simulated or actual service conditions is widely used in the process of materials selection. ASTM G 4, Guide for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Field Applications and G 31, Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals, and NACE Standard TM-01-69, Laboratory Corrosion Testing of Metals are the general guides for conducting corrosion tests. While these standards can be very useful in making a preliminary list of the best candidate materials, they are designed primarily for the more common metals and alloys such as steel, aluminum alloys, and copper alloys. Certain portions of these procedures, e.g., cleaning methods, are not applicable to zirconium, hafnium, and their alloys. Although ASTM G 2 is designated specifically for zirconium, hafnium, and their alloys, it is a specific practice used in the nuclear industry. Therefore, a tailored practice for conducting corrosion specimen tests on zirconium, hafnium, and their alloys in chemical environments is needed. The use of test standards that have not been modified for zirconium or hafnium may lead to erroneous or invalid results.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisasch.
=700  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11060M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11060M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11029M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11029M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA367
=082  04$a620.2/8$223
=100  1\$aSchully, JR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 23-Erosion, Cavitation, and Fretting / $cJR. Schully, WA. Glaeser.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11029M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11029M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSOLID PARTICLE and liquid drop erosion are surface removal processes caused by impingement of solid particles or droplets carried in a moving gas or liquid stream against a surface. Erosion can also occur when the surface is the moving body impacting suspended particles or drops, as happens on a helicopter blade moving through rain.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aUltrasonic waves $xIndustrial applications.
=650  \0$aCavitation.
=650  \0$aUltrasonic equipment $xDesign and construction.
=700  1\$aGlaeser, WA., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11029M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11029M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11072M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11072M$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTC355
=082  04$a627/.31$223
=100  1\$aJenkins, JF., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 66-Marine-Piers and Docks / $cSW. Dean, JF. Jenkins.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11072M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11072M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE MOST COMMONLY USED materials for construction of piers and docks are reinforced or prestressed concrete, steel, and timber. Composite materials are used primarily for mechanical applications such as pipe hangers and railings, but the use of composite materials in structural applications such as piling and gratings continues to increase. Other metals, primarily stainless steels and aluminum alloys, are often used for mechanical applications and fasteners. The primary criteria for selection of materials for marine piers and docks are past experience, cost, and availability. However, corrosion testing is used to evaluate candidates for many specific applications. This testing is commonly in the form of the evaluation of either full-scale or subscale components, but direct testing of base materials is also performed in many cases.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDocks $xDesign and construction $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aDocks $xDesign and construction.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11072M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11072M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11019M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11019M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQL627
=082  04$a597.092/973$223
=100  1\$aYoung, WT., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 13-Freshwater / $cHP. Hack, WT. Young, P. Fairer.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11019M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11019M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER PROVIDES an overview of standard corrosion testing procedures for freshwater systems. Additional information is provided in Chapter 31-Freshwater. Freshwater can be defined simply as water that is not salty; brackish water as defined by the dictionary is water having a somewhat salty taste. A more quantitative definition of brackish water is water with a salinity between 0.5 and 17 parts per thousand [1]. Then freshwater can be further defined as water with a salinity of less than 0.5 parts per thousand. For the purposes of this chapter, freshwater systems include potable water, heating/cooling, steam, condensate, rivers, streams, lakes, and wastewater.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFreshwater fishes $zUnited States $xIdentification.
=650  \0$aFreshwater fishes $zCanada $xIdentification.
=650  \0$aFreshwater fishes.
=700  1\$aFairer, P., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11019M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11019M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA462
=082  04$a620.1/1223$223
=100  1\$aStreicher, MA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 21-Intergranular / $cJR. Schully, MA. Streicher.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11027M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11027M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b47.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHERMAL EXPOSURES, such as during welding, fabrication, and faulty heat treatment, can change the composition of grain boundaries of metals and alloys by equilibrium segregation of impurities and/or alloying elements and, most frequently, by the formation of precipitates, such as chromium carbides in stainless steels. These changes can make the grain boundaries susceptible to rapid, preferential attack (sensitization) in many, mostly acid, environments in which the materials are otherwise considered to have an acceptable degree of corrosion resistance for industrial purposes. The materials of construction most widely used for severely corrosive applications and which may also be subject to sensitization are the numerous iron-base austenitic and ferritic stainless steels and certain nickel-rich alloys with chromium or chromium and molybdenum.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAnticorrosion.
=650  \0$aCorrosion.
=700  1\$aSchully, JR., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11027M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11027M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC903
=082  04$a551.5/253$223
=100  1\$aSmith, GD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 16-High-Temperature / $cHP. Hack, GD. Smith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11022M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11022M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b37.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSERVICE TESTS CHARACTERIZE the performance of materials in specific applications and should mimic the environment of the actual application as much as possible. This includes simulating the chemical composition of the atmosphere, the temperature and thermal cycle profiles, stress states, fatigue conditions, and design. These tests may be accomplished by exposing test racks to actual service conditions or through the use of prototype apparatus designed and constructed to duplicate the end-use application. Additionally, laboratory service tests designed to evaluate the effect of one or more critical aspects of the exposure conditions may be employed. Service test data enable one to determine failure mechanisms, component or material life, or to screen materials for an application.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGlobal temperature changes $xObservations.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xEarth Sciences $xMeteorology & Climatology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aUpper air temperature $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aAtmospheric temperature $xMeasurement.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11022M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11022M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120982
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN693.C9
=082  04$a669/.3$223
=100  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 49-Copper (and Alloys) / $cEL. Hibner, A. Cohen.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11055M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11055M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b35.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCOPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS are produced in various mill-product forms such as bar, pipe, rod, tube, plate, sheet, wire and as castings. They are used widely because of their excellent corrosion resistance particularly when combined with their other properties, including outstanding electrical and thermal conductivities and ease of fabrication and joining. The copper alloys also possess superior resistance to biofouling.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aCopper alloys $xMetallurgy.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisasch.
=700  1\$aCohen, A., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11055M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11055M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRA1231.C3
=082  04$a615.9/25661$223
=100  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 44-Zinc / $cEL. Hibner, FE. Goodwin, SJ. Alhassan.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11050M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11050M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE LARGEST USE of zinc is as a protective coating for steel, and therefore corrosion tests and data [1,2], have been developed and widely used to describe its performance in specific situations or determine its usefulness for new applications. The corrosion resistance of zinc in cast or wrought form is less often a criterion for selection for a given application, although substantial published corrosion data on these product forms exist [2]. Another class of product, zinc anodes, is used to provide corrosion protection to iron and steel structures that are buried or immersed by simply making an electrical connection between the ferrous material and the anode. By this means, it is not necessary to provide a protective coating to the ferrous object. The use of a coating, however, reduces the current demand and extends anode life. Corrosion data for this application are also widely published [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aZinc sulfide $xPhysiological effect.
=650  \0$aCadmium compounds $xToxicity testing.
=650  \0$aSulfides $xToxicity testing.
=650  \0$aZinc Compounds $xtoxicity.
=700  1\$aAlhassan, SJ., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aGoodwin, FE., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11050M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11050M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11070M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11070M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD9580.A2
=082  04$a388.5$223
=100  1\$aYoung, WT., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 64-Pipeline / $cSW. Dean, PS. Rothman, WT. Young.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11070M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11070M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b48.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCORROSION TESTING of pipelines is done for several reasons. One is to evaluate the pipeline condition to determine whether or not it is safe to operate. If repairs are needed, testing is performed to determine if repair is feasible or if replacement is needed. Testing is performed to track the pipe condition so that repair or replacement can be budgeted. Another reason for testing pipes is to evaluate the effectiveness of corrosion control measures, such as inhibitors for internal pipe surfaces or cathodic protection for internal or external surfaces. This chapter provides information on test techniques that can be applied to metallic pipes above ground or buried in an aqueous environment. Prior to discussing test techniques, the chapter will discuss briefly the materials and corrosion issues affecting pipelines. This chapter is by no means a detailed text on corrosion of pipelines, and the reader is encouraged to consult the references for further detail.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPipeline.
=650  \0$aGas industry.
=650  \0$aGeopolitics.
=650  \0$aPetroleum industry and trade.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aRothman, PS., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11070M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11070M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11054M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11054M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN693.I7
=082  04$a669/.96142$223
=100  1\$aKomp, ME., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 48-Steels / $cEL. Hibner, ME. Komp, DL. Jordan, R. Baboian.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11054M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11054M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN MOST INSTANCES, corrosion test methods for plain carbon steels, high-strength low-alloy steels, and alloy steels do not differ greatly. Therefore, these steels are grouped together for the purposes of this chapter. (Alloy steels here refers to heat treatable constructional and automotive steels, and does not include the stainless steels or other high alloys.) There are some differences in the corrosion test methods used for different mill products of this group of steels, and these will be discussed. The steels covered in this chapter are defined below.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSteel $xMetallurgy.
=650  \0$aSteel $xMetallography.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aJordan, DL., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11054M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11054M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11007M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11007M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD30.28
=082  04$a658.4/012$223
=100  1\$aJones, BP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1-Planning and Design of Tests / $cR. Baboian, SD. Cramer, BP. Jones.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11007M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11007M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b47.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCORROSION TESTS ARE an important tool for evaluating the performance of materials used in scientific, industrial, engineering, consumer, and aesthetic applications, where corrosion was estimated to cost the U.S. economy $276 billion in direct costs annually in 1998, or 3.1% of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product. Corrosion tests are widely used to evaluate the durability of materials of construction in reactive environments. They have a profound impact on society by the influence they have on the choice of materials used, for example, in chemical plants, drilling and mining equipment, energy production facilities, communications equipment, buildings, bridges, spacecraft, monuments, computers, food processing equipment, medical implants, automobiles, and manufacturing facilities. Corrosion tests evaluate a range of material degradation processes that affect the final performance of these materials and directly influence the materials chosen for these applications. These processes involve chemical and electrochemical reactions, and include mechanically assisted corrosion processes and synergies between wear and corrosion. Corrosion tests are used to examine the performance of materials, evaluate alternate materials, develop strategies for protection of materials, and determine the corrosivity of specific environments.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBUSINESS & ECONOMICS $xStrategic Planning.
=650  \0$aBusiness planning.
=700  1\$aBaboian, R., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aCramer, SD., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11007M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11007M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145559 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120983
=020  \\$a0803120982
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11061M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11061M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.N3
=082  04$a546.524$223
=100  1\$aMoser, KD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 55-Tantalum and Niobium Alloys / $cEL. Hibner, EB. Hinshaw, KD. Moser.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 20 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11061M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11061M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA MAJOR FACTOR in determining the specific applications of tantalum for corrosion-resistant equipment is its price. The cost of tantalum metal is about 15 times that of nickel-copper, nickel, or titanium and about 50 to 100 times that of the stainless steels. Accordingly, the service requirements for tantalum components are to have practically no corrosion degradation over time periods of years-virtually indefinite life. This means that the use of tantalum is limited to a relatively small number of the most severe media and conditions in relatively thin cross sections or as lining compared to other materials of construction. Selection of tantalum for use is based on large, not moderate, improvements of performance over other materials. Therefore, testing data do not need to be highly quantified. If corrosion rates greater than 0.051 mm/yr. (2 mpy) are indicated the application very likely is not recommended [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aTantalum$xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aNiobium $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aHibner, EL., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHinshaw, EB., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11061M.
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=050  \4$aTD885.5.S85
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=100  1\$aRosenberg, HS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 70-Flue Gas Desulfurization / $cSW. Dean, HS. Rosenberg, ER. Dille.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11076M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b38.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA VARIETY OF CONSTRUCTION materials has been used in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems on utility boilers. They can all be classified into three major categories: metals, organics, and nonmetallic inorganics.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlue gases $xDesulfurization $xTechnological innovations.
=650  \0$aFlue gases $xPurification $xTechnological innovations.
=650  \0$aOrganic acids.
=650  \0$aLimestone.
=700  1\$aDean, SW., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aDille, ER., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=100  1\$aJenkins, JF., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 12-Seawater / $cHP. Hack, JF. Jenkins.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAs IN OTHER NATURAL environments, corrosion testing in seawater is dependent upon the actual environmental conditions experienced by the exposed materials during the entire duration of exposure. These environmental conditions can vary widely in any specific location. Normal seasonal variations as well as variations from year to year and temporary natural or manmade conditions can dramatically affect the conditions of exposure that control overall corrosion behavior of materials. Seasonal variations include changes in temperature, dissolved oxygen content, and the type and extent oi biological fouling. Significant year-to-year variations such as those caused by the aperiodic general ocean surface water warming in the eastern Pacific Ocean, called El Nio, also affect the seawater environment over a wide area. Temporary natural conditions may include natural proliferation of microorganisms such as the red tide blooms of algae that can significantly reduce dissolved oxygen availability. Temporary manmade conditions such as spills of oil, chemicals, and sewage can also have a dramatic effect on the local environment that can affect corrosion.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSeawater $xComposition.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xEarth Sciences $xOceanography. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOcean.
=650  \0$aMarine sciences.
=700  1\$aHack, HP., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11018M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11018M.htm

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=245  00$aControl Chart Method of Analysis and Presentation of Data.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 7 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11683M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11683M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b58.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPART 3 In general, the terms and symbols used in PART 3 have the same meanings as in preceding parts of the Manual. In a few cases, which are indicated in the following glossary, a more specific meaning is attached to them for the convenience of a portion or all of PART 3. Mathematical definitions and derivations are given in Supplement 3.A.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
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=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aQuality control $xStatistical methods.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11683M.
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=245  00$aPresentation of Data.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 7 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11681M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11681M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPART 1 IS CONCERNED SOLELY WITH PRESENTING information about a given sample of data. It contains no discussion of inferences that might be made about the population from which the sample came.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality control $xStatistical methods $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aQuality control $xStatistical methods.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11681M.
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=245  00$aPresenting Plus or Minus Limits of Uncertainty of an Observed Average.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 7 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11682M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11682M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPART 2 of the Manual discusses the problem of presenting plus or minus limits to indicate the uncertainty of the average of a number of observations obtained under the same essential conditions and suggests a form of presentation for use in ASTM reports and publications where needed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality control $xStatistical methods $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aQuality control $xStatistical methods.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11682M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11682M.htm

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=245  00$aMeasurements and Other Topics of Interest.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 7 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11684M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11684M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPART 4 In general, the terms and symbols used in PART 4 have the same meanings as in preceding parts of the Manual. In a few cases, which are indicated in the following glossary, a more specific meaning is attached to them for the convenience of a portion or all of PART 4.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality control $xStatistical methods $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aQuality control $xStatistical methods.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11684M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11684M.htm

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=008  170503c1996||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=050  \4$aBF233
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=245  00$aChapter 7-Statistical Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (33 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 26 (September 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10659M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10659M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis section is included for the convenience of the readers and users of this manual. The primary objective of this section is to provide the researcher who has a limited knowledge of statistics with tools to design studies and to analyze and interpret the results from those studies. It presents the statistical methods needed to analyze the data obtained and to determine the statistical significance of differences found when using the methods described in this manual. Statistical significance will occur when the observed differences among products or panels are greater than the observed differences within products or panels. It is important to note that a statistically significant difference does not necessarily imply an important difference or a difference with practical significance. Similarly, the absence of a statistically significant difference does not mean that one does not exist, particularly if small sample sizes are used. This section also includes a glossary of some frequently encountered statistical terms and symbols. Several references are provided for those who have more complicated problems, who wish to obtain more detail, or who wish to become more generally proficient in statistics.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSenses and sensation $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Technology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10659M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10659M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aBF233
=082  04$a670/.28/7$223
=245  00$aChapter 5-Descriptive Analysis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 26 (September 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10657M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10657M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b44.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDescriptive analysis is one of the most common forms of sensory testing. Descriptive methods are used to measure the type and intensity of attributes in a product. Thus, these methods require the respondent to describe a product in terms of its characteristics and to measure the intensity of those characteristics using scaling procedures. Although some attributes are fairly simple and can be measured easily by almost anyone, real understanding of a product's specific characteristics and the strength of the attributes requires the use of respondents trained to describe sensory stimuli and to measure intensity of perception.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSenses and sensation $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Technology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10657M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10657M.htm

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=008  170503c1996||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145337 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120686
=020  \\$a0803120680
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10654M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10654M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aBF233
=082  04$a670/.28/7$223
=245  00$aChapter 2-Force Choice Discrimination Methods.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 26 (September 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10654M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10654M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe forced choice discrimination tests are used to confirm suspected small differences in product characteristics or product quality and to select respondents for discrimination tests. Sometimes discrimination is desirable, such as, with a planned improvement in a product versus the original. Sometimes discrimination is undesirable, such as, a change to a less costly ingredient or when trying to match the paint on a car door to the rest of the automobile after an accident. The tests given here are sensitive methods and, thus, are most applicable when the differences are slight. Paired comparisons and rating scales are more appropriate for large differences. Two major applications are in production quality control and cost reductions.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSenses and sensation $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Technology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10654M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10654M.htm

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=008  170503c1996||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145337 (e-ISBN)
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aBF233
=082  04$a670/.28/7$223
=245  00$aChapter 1-General Requirements for Sensory Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 26 (September 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10653M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10653M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSensory testing requires special controls of various kinds. If they are not employed, results may be biased or sensitivity may be reduced. Most of these controls depend on, or are affected by, the physical setting in which tests are conducted. The major environmental controls include elimination of irrelevant odor or light stimulation, elimination of psychological distraction, and providing a comfortable work environment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSenses and sensation $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Technology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10653M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10653M.htm

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=008  170503c1996||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145337 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120686
=020  \\$a0803120680
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10656M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10656M$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aBF233
=082  04$a670/.28/7$223
=245  00$aChapter 4-Threshold Methods.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 26 (September 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10656M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10656M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThreshold methods are designed for the specific purposes of determining the strength or concentration of a stimulus required to produce: a minimal detectable effect (detection threshold), recognizable effect (recognition threshold), or change in effect (difference threshold). In any threshold method there can be two criteria for response: one is detection, in which the respondent has only to respond to differences from some product or background, and the other is recognition, in which the respondent must name the specific stimulus, for example, salt or strong..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSenses and sensation $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Technology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10656M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10656M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1996||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145337 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120686
=020  \\$a0803120680
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10658M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10658M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aBF233
=082  04$a670/.28/7$223
=245  00$aChapter 6-Affective Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 26 (September 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10658M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10658M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAffective testing is used to determine preference, liking, or attitudes about products and other materials. Its use in research situations often is limited to providing guidance and direction to developers and researchers. The scope of this manual does not include large scale marketing research tests used for making final decisions about product sales, marketing, and positioning although many of the same techniques are used.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSenses and sensation $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Technology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10658M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10658M.htm

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=008  170503c1996||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145337 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120686
=020  \\$a0803120680
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10655M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10655M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aBF233
=082  04$a670/.28/7$223
=245  00$aChapter 3-Scaling.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 26 (September 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10655M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10655M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aScaling methods are based on the respondent giving a value that indicates the type or intensity of a response. A dimension of evaluation must be specified; for example, a product characteristic or attribute. Scales need not be numerical. Graphic lines or other methods of measuring intensity or order may be used by respondents to specify their perceptions. Nonnumerical scales usually are converted to numerical values for purposes of statistical analysis.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSenses and sensation $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Technology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10655M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10655M.htm

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=005  20170503163000.0
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145313 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120709
=020  \\$a0803120702
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10280M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10280M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ563
=082  04$a621.1/97$223
=245  00$aChapter 6 : Cooling Towers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 28 (November 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10280M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10280M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCooling towers provide a means of removing residual heat from plant cooling water systems by a water to air exchange. Two basic methods of water circulation are once through and recirculation systems. In once through systems water enters the plant, picks up heat in the plant heat exchangers and/or main strem condenses, is cooled in the cooling tower and discharged. The recirculating system reuses the same water with only make up water suppliedto replace losses through evaporation and blow down. The 5 basic types of cooling towers: counterflow; crossflow; forced draft mechanical; natural draft hyperbolic; double crossflow are illustrated below.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCooling towers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower-plants $xCooling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10280M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10280M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145313 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120709
=020  \\$a0803120702
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10283M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10283M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ563
=082  04$a621.1/97$223
=245  00$aChapter 9 : Surface Preparation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 28 (November 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10283M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10283M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe objective of a proper surface preparation process is to remove all visible and invisible contaminants thereby providing a sound foundation for the intended lining system. The cleaning process should remove all loose matter, rust, scale, graphitization, chlorides, and produce a uniform surface, conductive to coating longevity.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCooling towers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower-plants $xCooling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10283M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10283M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145313 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120709
=020  \\$a0803120702
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10275M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10275M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ563
=082  04$a621.1/97$223
=245  00$aChapter 1 : Components of Cooling Water Systems.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 28 (November 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10275M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10275M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFig.1, Ch. 1 on the following page, is a schematic diagram of a fairly standard design for power plant cooling water systems. Although the design of cooling water systems varies from plant to plant, the components shown are common to most systems, and these are discussed briefly below and in greater detail in the referenced Chapter.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCooling towers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower-plants $xCooling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10275M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10275M.htm

=LDR  02692nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10278M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145313 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120709
=020  \\$a0803120702
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10278M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10278M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ563
=082  04$a621.1/97$223
=245  00$aChapter 4 : Pumps and Valves.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 28 (November 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10278M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10278M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPumps serve to draw cooling water from the power plant's intake structure, and circulate the cooling water through the various componnents of the power plant's cooling water system. They are critical to the cooling process in the plant and need to be protected from the effects of corrosion, cavitation, erosion and mechanical abuse.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCooling towers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower-plants $xCooling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10278M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10278M.htm

=LDR  02561nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10284M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145313 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120709
=020  \\$a0803120702
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10284M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10284M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ563
=082  04$a621.1/97$223
=245  00$aChapter 10 : Inspection.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 28 (November 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10284M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10284M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe objective of this chapter is to provide general guidelines for implementation of an inspection program for application of protective coating or lining materials for cooling water systems in power plants.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCooling towers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower-plants $xCooling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10284M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10284M.htm

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=001  MNL10281M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145313 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120709
=020  \\$a0803120702
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10281M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10281M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ563
=082  04$a621.1/97$223
=245  00$aChapter 7 : Main Steam Condensers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 28 (November 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10281M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10281M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCooling of the spent stream of the turbine exhaust is accomplished in a component known as the main stream surface condenser. Coolant is pumped from a body of water through the condenser via the cooling water system. The circulating water is physically isolated fom the stream path so that the cooling water will not diminish the purity of the stream and water in the primary cycle. The circulating water flows through the interiors if thin wall condenser tubes that make up the tube bundle, while spent steam from the turbine exhaust passes donwward and around the outside of the tubes, exchanging its latent heat with the cooling water inside the tubes. The resulting condensate collects in the hot well beneath the tube bundle.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCooling towers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower-plants $xCooling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10281M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10281M.htm

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=001  MNL10277M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145313 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120709
=020  \\$a0803120702
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10277M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10277M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ563
=082  04$a621.1/97$223
=245  00$aChapter 3 : Screens.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 28 (November 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10277M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10277M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA set of screen is placed within the intake structure, serving to filter out debris fron the cooling water. The screens prevent debris from advancing to the pumping area of the intake structure where it may disrupt or affect pumping operations, damage the pumps, or damage the internal components of the cooling water system.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCooling towers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower-plants $xCooling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10277M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10277M.htm

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=001  MNL10276M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145313 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120709
=020  \\$a0803120702
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10276M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10276M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ563
=082  04$a621.1/97$223
=245  00$aChapter 2 : Intake and Discharge Structures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 28 (November 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10276M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10276M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIntake Structure: An intake structure is a structure through which source water for cooling water systems enters or flows into a power generation facility. Coarse and fine screens are placed within the intake structure to filter debris out of the source water. After passing through the screens, water is pumped out of the intake structure and delivered through piping systems to the main steam condenser and heat exchangers.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCooling towers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower-plants $xCooling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10276M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10276M.htm

=LDR  02860nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10282M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145313 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120709
=020  \\$a0803120702
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10282M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10282M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ563
=082  04$a621.1/97$223
=245  00$aChapter 8 : Heat Exchangers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 28 (November 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10282M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10282M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCooling water moves through the heat exchanger where it is physically isolated from the path of the medium to be cooled, so as not to diminish its quality. At the heat exchanger, the ciruclating water flows through a bundle of thin wall condenser tubes or plates, while spent steam from the turbine exhaust passes downward, around abd through the tube bundle, exchanging its latent heat with the cooling water inside the tubes. The resulting condensate collects in the hot well beneath the tube bundle.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCooling towers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower-plants $xCooling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10282M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10282M.htm

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=001  MNL10279M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145313 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120709
=020  \\$a0803120702
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10279M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10279M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ563
=082  04$a621.1/97$223
=245  00$aChapter 5 : Piping.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 28 (November 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10279M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10279M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aNetworks of pipes and control valves serve to convey pumped cooling water to the various components of the cooling water system.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCooling towers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower-plants $xCooling.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10279M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10279M.htm

=LDR  03221nam  2200529 i 4500
=001  MNL11705M
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186798 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170148
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11705M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11705M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a665.5$223
=245  00$aQuality Assurance.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 68 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11705M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11705M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPetroleum laboratories, large and small, should have a quality assurance program that helps provide confidence to all interested parties that the analytical data it provides fall within the limits of precision and accuracy defined in the ASTM test methods used. These data are important in the following respects, and inaccurate data can have severe financial and operational consequences:  Conformity to what is expected, that is, Is the crude oil I am receiving what I am expecting and what I am paying for?  If I am a shipper, does the crude oil meet common stream pipeline specifications? If not, it may be necessary for me to batch my crude oil at additional cost.  Are the data I am providing accurate for payment of customs duty?  Are the concentrations of impurities and contaminants I have determined correct for planning refinery operations and making deductions from the cost of the crude oil?  Are my data accurate for regulatory and environmental, safety, and health reporting requirements?.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11705M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11705M.htm

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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186798 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170148
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11706M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11706M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a665.5$223
=245  00$aCrude Oil Compatibility and Stability.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 68 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11706M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11706M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe blending of compositionally different crude oils and condensate with crude oil can result in significant problems in transportation, storage, and refining. This is usually manifested by agglomeration or flocculation of waxes and/or asphaltenes. These can accumulate and clog tubular components such as pipelines and heat exchangers or contribute to sludge buildup in tanks, requiring costly and time-consuming cleanup and equipment downtime.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11706M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11706M.htm

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=245  00$aComprehensive Assays and Fraction Evaluations.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 68 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11704M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11704M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn addition to the whole crude oil tests performed as part of the inspection assay, a comprehensive or full assay requires that the crude oil be fractionally distilled and the fractions characterized by appropriate tests. This characterization is necessary to enable the refiner to assess the quantity and quality of products recoverable from a given crude oil and to determine if that product slate economically satisfies the market requirements of a particular refinery. Refiners tailor a comprehensive assay to their individual needs, and the number of cuts or fractions taken may vary from as few as 4 to 24 or more. The following ten fractions provide the basis for a moderately thorough evaluation:.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=245  00$aAppendix 2 : Referenced ASTM and Other Standards.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=245  00$aFuture Needs in Crude Oil Characterization.
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=520  3\$aThe average quality of crude oil being processed in refineries is becoming higher in sulfur and heavier [120]; that is, a greater content of heavy ends or residuum. With the growing demand for transportation fuels, the refiner is faced with mounting pressure to make better use of the bottom of the barrelthe residuum that formerly went into low-quality products such as No. 6 and bunker fuel oils. Diminishing worldwide demand for these latter fuels is exacerbating the need to use this material to produce other products, especially lighter fuels [121]. Moreover, as environmental restrictions increasingly limit sulfur and aromatics in transportation and burner fuel oils, refiners are facing new challenges to economically producing a marketable slate of products from heavier, higher sulfur feedstocks. These challenges generally require new or expanded processing and treatment technology at the refinery. This, in turn, translates into the need for new analytical test methods in the laboratory to adequately evaluate feedstocks and monitor product quality (Table 1)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=245  00$aAppendix 3 : Excerpts from Standards Used for Sampling, Handling, and Analysis.
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=245  00$aSampling.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11702M".
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=520  3\$aThe basic objective of sampling is to obtain a small portion (spot sample) for analysis that is truly representative of the material contained in a large bulk container, vessel, or pipeline shipment. Often, the spot sample may be as little as one part in greater than ten million. Frequently, a series of spot samples may be collected and composited for analysis, which can help to minimize randomness and nonhomogeneity and make for a somewhat more representative sample. Samples to be composited must be thoroughly mixed and volumetrically proportional.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=245  00$aCrude Oil as Fuel.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11707M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11707M".
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCrude oil has been used directly as a fuel for power generation in several applications for more than 100 years. Among the earliest documented uses was as fuel for the Cleveland City Cable Railway power plant in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1891 [109]. In 1892, it was reported there are some such progressive brick manufacturers in Chicago, who use neither coal nor wood in the drying or burning of their clay products. Crude oil is the fuel which they employ. [110]. In 1893, a very extensive trial of crude petroleum fuel was made in Chicago  in connection with the World's Fair [111]. The article went on to caution the main things to bear in mind in burning crude oil are, (1) the liability to fires and explosions from the ignition of vapor given off by the oil. Crude oil was used to power a railroad locomotive in a trial run in Corsicana, Texas, in 1895.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=245  00$aAppendix 1 : Procedures for Collection of Samples for Hydrogen Sulfide Determination [37].
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11709M".
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=245  00$aInspection Assays.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11703M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe testing of crude oils to determine their quality and to assess refining characteristics generally involves two sequential but complimentary series of tests. An inspection analysis as described in this chapter is performed initially to determine a few to numerous whole crude oil properties. This is followed by a detailed comprehensive analysis described in the next chapter that involves distillation of the crude oil into several fractions or cuts that are analyzed to determine their suitability for use or blending into a host of refined products.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=050  \4$aTA455.R8
=082  04$a678/.21/0287$223
=100  1\$aDick, JS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 7 Testing Mineral Fillers for Use in Rubber / $cJS. Dick.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 39 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10437M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10437M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aGROUND COAL IS USED AS A COMPOUNDING INGREDIENT mainly in the United States in certain rubber formulations. It is used as an inexpensive filler to partially replace carbon black or as an economical diluent in rubber compounds.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRubber $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=100  1\$aVeith, AG., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 10 Standard Test Methods-Insuring High-Quality Output / $cAG. Veith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (35 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 39 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10440M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10440M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMEASUREMENT AND TESTING PLAY key roles in society. Decisions based on testing for scientific, technical, commercial, environmental, and health purposes are everyday occurrences. Measurement and testing for research and development, for producer-user transactions, and for ongoing control of production processes are important elements of a larger organized effort that may be called a technical project. The assurance that the output data are of the highest quality, consistent with the stipulated goals and objectives, is the key to a successful technical project.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRubber $xTesting.
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=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10440M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10440M.htm

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=245  00$aAppendix : ASTM Test Methods.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10441M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRubber $xTesting.
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=100  1\$aBaranwal, KC., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 9 Recycled Rubber / $cKC. Baranwal.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10439M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10439M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aACCORDING TO ASTM STANDARD CLASSIFICATION for Rubber Compounding Materials-Recycled Vulcanizate Particulate Rubber (ASTM D 5603-01):  Recycled rubber is defined as recyclable, vulcanized rubber that has been processed to give particulates or other forms of different shapes, sizes, and size distributions.  Parent Compound: original compound used in rubber product.  Vulcanizate: cured (vulcanized) rubber.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRubber $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10439M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10439M.htm

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=100  1\$aMelsom, JA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 6 Testing Silica and Organosilanes / $cJA. Melsom.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10436M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSILICA (SILICON DIOXIDE-SiO2) is an ever-increasing raw material used in rubber compounds. In recent years silica usage has increased in the rubber industry, especially in the tire industry. As a non-black filler, silica provides improvements in adhesion, abrasion resistance, age resistance, and tear strength. Because of these property improvements, silica is used as a reinforcing filler replacing carbon black, but more often used in conjunction with carbon black. In many applications, silica is used with an organosilane coupling agent. Because they are so closely linked, the two are discussed together in this section.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10436M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10436M.htm

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=100  1\$aDick, JS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 2 General Test Methods / $cJS. Dick.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10432M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10432M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE TYPICAL RUBBER TEST LABORATORY can be relatively small or large, depending on the mission. However, most have certain equipment items in common that we will discuss in this chapter.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRubber $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
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=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10432M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10432M.htm

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=100  1\$aDick, JS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1 Introduction / $cJS. Dick.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10431M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10431M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE RUBBER INDUSTRY ESSENTIALLY STARTED IN 1839 when Charles Goodyear discovered vulcanization (the curing process). Since this date, a large industry has grown that manufactures thousands of rubber products such as tires, hoses, belts, seals, gaskets, bearings, bushings, mounts, etc. In fact, rubber is essential for a modern industrialized economy [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRubber $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10431M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10431M.htm

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=100  1\$aZimmerman, JB., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 4 Testing Synthetic Rubber / $cJB. Zimmerman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 39 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10434M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10434M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSYNTHETIC RUBBERS WERE DEVELOPED during the 1940s as alternatives to natural rubber. Much of the early development of these products in the United States was done in federal government-owned plants, hence an old system of nomenclature that included GR-A, GR-I, GR-M, GR-S, and GR-T (standing for government rubber with acrylonitrile, isobutylene, monochlorobutadiene, styrene, and thiosulfide respectively)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRubber $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10434M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10434M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aDick, JS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 8 Oils, Plasticizers, and Other Rubber Chemicals / $cJS. Dick.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (45 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 39 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10438M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10438M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPETROLEUM OILS ARE COMMONLY USED as extenders in styrene butadiene (SBR) and polybutadiene (BR) masterbatches purchased from synthetic rubber producers, as well as processing oils used in rubber formulations as a compounding ingredient. These oils differ in their chemical composition, which affects a rubber compound's processing behavior and its cured physical properties [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRubber $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10438M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10438M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.R8
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=100  1\$aVare, A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3 Testing Natural Rubber / $cA. Vare.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 39 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10433M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10433M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAS IS WELL KNOWN, natural rubber was the only polymer from which rubber products could be made until the first synthetic rubber, Neoprene, was invented and became commercialized in the 1930s. Natural rubber was the only polymer used in large ticket items such as tires until the Second World War. When the natural rubber supply was cut off in the early 1940s, the mainstay synthetic, SBR (Styrene Butadiene Rubber) was developed and commercialized.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRubber $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10433M.
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=100  1\$aMelsom, JA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 5 Testing Carbon Black / $cJA. Melsom.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 39 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10435M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10435M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCARBON BLACK IS A PRODUCT resulting from the partial combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons manufactured under controlled conditions. For partial combustion only one process is used today and that is via the carbon black furnace method, primarily using oil as the feedstock. Carbon black from the thermal decomposition process has limited use. It is produced in an air-free environment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=245  00$aAnalysis.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11222M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSee Acid number for Test Method D 664 that follows. Oils such as many cutting oils, rustproofing oils, and similar compounded oils, or excessively dark-colored oils, that cannot be analyzed by this test method due to obscurity of the colorindicator end point, can be analyzed by Test Method D 664. The acid numbers obtained by this color-indicator test method may or may not be numerically the same as those obtained by Test Method D 664.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting $xStandards.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11222M.
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=100  1\$aKobasko, N. I., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInverse Problems in Quench Process Design / $cN. I. Kobasko, V. V. Dobryvechir.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12078M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12078M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b49.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA necessity of solving of inverse problems occurs in many branches of industry [1,2]. In general, inverse problems can be defined as problems where the cause is determined based on known results. For example, if four streams join to form a river and four factories are putting known amounts of a pollutant into the streams, it is easy to determine the resultant level of the pollutant in the river. This is a classic direct problem. However, a more difficult problem is to determine how much pollutant each factory introduces into each stream by knowing a total amount of the pollutant measured downstream of the place where the streams flow into the river. This is a classical inverse problem [3]. Obviously, to solve this inverse problem, it is not enough to know the total resultant pollutant. It is necessary to measure the pollution in the river closer to each of the streams.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xQuenching.
=700  1\$aDobryvechir, V. V., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12078M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12078M.htm

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=245  14$aThe Steel Superstrengthening Phenomenon / $cN. I. Kobasko.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12074M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe conventional method for improvement of mechanical properties of materials requires the use of alloying elements, which significantly increases their cost. Alloy steels usually are quenched in oils or polymers of high concentration to eliminate crack formation. However, slow cooling in oils decreases the mechanical properties of the materials. This means that more alloy elements need to be added to the material to satisfy the requirements of industry. This chapter discusses new ways of improving the mechanical properties of materials by intensive quenching, especially increasing the cooling rate within the martensite range. It will be shown that intensive cooling within the martensite range is equal to low-temperature thermomechanical treatment and increases the strength and plastic properties of materials [14].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xQuenching.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12074M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12074M.htm

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=100  1\$aKobasko, N. I., $eauthor.
=245  10$aTransient Nucleate Boiling and Self-Regulated Thermal Processes / $cN. I. Kobasko.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12067M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12067M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b52.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe investigation of transient nucleate boiling is of great importance since knowledge of the laws of nucleate boiling processes are used to control phase transformations in metals. It is especially related to martensite transformations where the martensite start temperature MS is comparable to the boiling temperature of the boundary liquid layer. Since the self-regulated thermal process has been introduced, which is the main part of transient nucleate boiling where wall temperature changes very slowly and is supported at approximately the same level up to the start single-phase convection, it makes sense to use this discovery to control phase transformation in steel. It is necessary to develop a generalized equation for determination of the duration of transient nucleate boiling process.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xQuenching.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12067M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12067M.htm

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=245  10$aRegular Thermal Process and Kondratjev Form Factors / $cN. I. Kobasko.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 64 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12071M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12071M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b40.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn the previous chapter, regularities of heating and cooling bodies of various geometrical configurations were discussed and a generalized equation for the determination of cooling time for bodies of any shape was presented. A key parameter in this equation is the Kondratjev form factor (coefficient K). This coefficient is also one of the key parameters in the equation for the determination of the duration of nonstationary nucleate boiling. Therefore, it is important to be able to determine Kondratjev form coefficients for use in these calculations. In this chapter, the focus will be on the thermal process and determination of Kondratjev form coefficients. The availability of Kondratjev form coefficients and knowledge of the basic regularities of the thermal process will provide for sufficiently accurate and rapid calculations suitable for use with manufacturing process design.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xQuenching.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12071M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12071M.htm

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=100  1\$aKobasko, N. I., $eauthor.
=245  10$aIntensive Steel Quenching Methods / $cN. I. Kobasko.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 64 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12075M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12075M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b36.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn the previous chapters, processes and their mathematical description that form a basis for the development of new intensive steel quenching methods have been considered. The primary concept of the new intensive quenching methods is to perform intensive cooling within the martensite transformation range of the steel of interest.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xQuenching.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12075M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12075M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN752.Q4
=082  04$a672.3/6$223
=100  1\$aKobasko, N. I., $eauthor.
=245  10$aGeneralized Equations for Determination of Cooling Time for Bodies of Any Shape during Quenching / $cN. I. Kobasko.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 64 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12070M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12070M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe generalized equation for cooling time calculation, based on regular thermal condition theory, was achieved and used in thermal engineering in [1] and is presented in this introduction below. It has been widely used in the heat-treating industry in the countries of the former Soviet Union to develop two-step quenching processes [1]. An analytical equation for cooling time calculation is also needed to develop a method for calculating ideal critical diameter, which is based on accurate CCT (continuous cooling transformation) diagram. The ideal critical diameter is used for optimization of the intensive quenching processes. In the last decade, the generalized equation has been used in the United States to develop recipes for intensive quenchingso-called IQ-3 technologywhich explores direct intensive turbulent convection [2].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xQuenching.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12070M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12070M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN752.Q4
=082  04$a672.3/6$223
=100  1\$aKobasko, N. I., $eauthor.
=245  10$aSteel Quenching in Liquid Media under Pressure / $cN. I. Kobasko.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 64 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12073M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12073M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b33.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIt has been shown in earlier chapters that during nonstationary nucleate boiling, a self-regulated thermal process occurs, where the surface temperature of a part to be quenched is kept above the saturation temperature. This provides an opportunity to greatly affect the martensite transformation process by either retarding or accelerating it. There are two methods available. The first is to use additional pressure to increase the boiling point of the boundary liquid layer. The second is to use high-concentration aqueous solutions of salts or alkalis where the saturation temperature is increased. The use of both approaches is effective when quenching high-carbon steels where the martensite start temperature MS is less than 200C (that is, MS<=200C)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xQuenching.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12073M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12073M.htm

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=100  1\$aTotten, G. E., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDesign of Industrial Quenching Systems / $cN. I. Kobasko, G. E. Totten.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12076M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12076M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPrevious chapters described methods for designing industrial quenching processes for steel, including intensive quenching processes. This chapter provides detailed descriptions, with specific examples, of the use of generalized equations and the new steel quenching methods. It will also be shown that the generalized equation is applicable to any quenching process. This approach is the first step in the creation of modern automated quenching processes. The second step is computer simulation of these processes, including rigorous experimental validation. Using this methodology, it is possible to estimate the conveyor speed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xQuenching.
=700  1\$aKobasko, N. I., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12076M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12076M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aPowell, J. A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aReview of Practical Applications of Intensive Quenching Methods / $cM. A. Aronov, N. I. Kobasko, J. A. Powell.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12077M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12077M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, different applications of intensive quenching (IQ) techniques on actual steel products, as well as on steel samples from the part manufacturers, are discussed. Two intensive water quenching methods were applied: the IQ-3 technique, also known as direct convection cooling, and the IQ-2 technique, a three-step quenching process that initially cools parts under the nucleate boiling mode and then the convection heat transfer mode. Experiments were conducted for a variety of steel products, including automotive parts (coil springs, kingpins, torsion bars, bearing products, ball studs, etc.), fasteners of different types, and tool products (punches, dies, die components, etc.)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xQuenching.
=700  1\$aAronov, M. A., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKobasko, N. I., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12077M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12077M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aKobasko, N. I., $eauthor.
=245  10$aConvective Heat Transfer / $cN. I. Kobasko.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 64 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12069M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12069M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b26.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe basic concepts of heat transfer are discussed in detail in other texts on the subject, such as [1]. In this chapter, information on convective heat transfer will be provided to illustrate how convection can be used to intensify quenching processes, especially the widely used water flow and water jets.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xQuenching.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12069M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12069M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=245  00$aAppendix A : Flow Charts and Tables.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 70 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12167M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12167M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSoil compaction $xQuality control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12167M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12167M.htm

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=245  00$aQuality Control and the Coordinated Use of Laboratory and In-Place Tests for Compaction Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 70 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12166M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12166M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDURING THE INSTALLATION OF A TYPICAL EARTH-fill project, the density, water content, and degree of compaction of the earth fill is confirmed and documented by testing the in-place compacted soil. The compacted soil is measured to determine its dry density and water content. These values are then compared with the maximum dry density (standard reference density) and optimum water content of the soil being evaluated. The project specifications usually require the in-place dry density to be a minimum percentage of the maximum dry density. The specifications will usually require the placement water content of the fill to be within a range of water content relative to the optimum water content of the soil being tested. The in-place density and water content of compacted soils are measured in the field using various methods. Several methods are also used to determine the laboratory reference values for maximum dry density and optimum water content to which the field measurements are compared. Specifications should state which methods are acceptable for measuring the field density and water content as well as which method(s) is (are) acceptable for determining the reference values for the soil. The ratio of the in-place field density test to the standard reference density test for that soil is called the percent compaction. Compute percent compaction by dividing the in-place dry density by the maximum dry density of the standard reference density test, then multiply by 100 and express as a percentage. The maximum dry density determined by the standard reference density test must be determined for the same soil or a previously tested sample of the same soil type that represents the soil where the in-place test was made. Refer to Section F of this chapter for guidelines on selecting the proper standard reference density used as a comparison for in-place tests. The computed degree of compaction and in-place water content should be reported to the nearest whole number because the tests are not accurate enough to state results to any higher precision. For example, the specifications may indicate that compaction shall be to 95 % (not 95.0 %) of the maximum dry density determined by ASTM D698. The specifications may also indicate that the water content shall be from 2 % (not 2.0 %) below to 2 % above the optimum water content determined by ASTM D698. An example of reporting the measured degree of compaction is to state the measurement as 96 % compaction, not 95.6 %. In reporting measured water content, the result would be stated as 1 % wet of optimum, not 1.2 %.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSoil compaction $xQuality control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12166M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12166M.htm

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=245  00$aAppendix B : Forms and Typical Lab Results.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
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=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 70 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12168M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12168M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSoil compaction $xQuality control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12168M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12168M.htm

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=245  00$aStandard Test Procedures for Determining the Water Content of Soils.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 70 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12165M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12165M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA. PURPOSE AND USE OF WATER CONTENT TESTS The water content of soil is determined as a means to calculate the dry density of the soil or to determine if the water content is within the range that has been specified for the compaction of the soil. Water content testing is also used to provide preliminary quality-control information that can be used as a guide during construction on whether water needs to be added or removed from the soil. The water content is always an important factor in controlling earthfill compaction. The values of water content are often needed quickly and sometimes in remote borrow areas. The terms water content and moisture content have historically been used interchangeably. Both terms may be found in the ASTM standards. There is no significance to the use of one term over the other. The definition of water content is the ratio of the mass of water contained in the pore spaces of soil or rock material, to the solid mass of particles in that material, expressed as a percentage. The equation is w=MwMs100 where: w=water content in percentMw=mass of waterMs=dry mass of soil.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSoil compaction $xQuality control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12165M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12165M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA715
=082  04$a624.15$223
=245  00$aAppendix C : Photos.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 70 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12169M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12169M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSoil compaction $xQuality control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12169M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12169M.htm

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=245  00$aMeans, Methods, and Mechanics of Compaction.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 70 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12162M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12162M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA. DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPES AND TERMS FOR FILL COMPACTION Earthfill and/or compacted backfill are constructed using earthwork techniques that include excavating, hauling, spreading, soil processing, addition of water, and compacting earth (soil and/or rock). Earthwork has wide application in construction projects. Practically every construction project has a component of earth construction that buildings, structures, or other project components are founded on, supported by, or constructed partially or entirely of soil or rock. Structural stability is usually dependent on proper foundation preparation and the proper placement and control of the earthfill placement and compaction process. Generally, all earth fills must be compacted to a specified density and water content as determined by the design parameters. Controlled compaction is usually required for roads, airfields, highways, building foundations, parking lots and drainage features, pipelines, railways, embankment dams, canals, dikes and levees, clay-lined containment structures and caps, and other related structures. Fill sections must be compacted to reduce the potential for excessive settlement or differential movements between cut and fill segments. Earth is compacted adjacent to structures such as bridge abutments [1] and in subgrades for roads to achieve uniform compressibility. Subgrade materials that are too soft or weak may be removed and replaced with compacted materials. Several base courses or layers of select soil are compacted immediately below airfield and roadway pavements to improve or control, as much as possible, the compressibility, strength, and drainage characteristics of the subgrade. Building foundations frequently require several forms of compacted backfill to ensure design performance. Backfill is frequently needed for larger structures where excavation is used to provide a balanced loading of the foundation. Fill placement is required under structures where the site must be elevated for operational requirements or to reduce flooding or both. The perimeter of buildings is often backfilled to prevent undesirable settlements and in some cases to support the walls. Some structures, such as pumping plants, must have compacted, free-draining soils in the foundation to prevent erosion problems caused by leakage. Lightly loaded structures or soils on poor soils may require mat foundations that must have compacted subgrades and backfill to ensure uniform compressibility and maintain differential settlement less than 1 in. for structural integrity and appearance.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSoil compaction $xQuality control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12162M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12162M.htm

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=245  00$aStandard Test Procedures for Determining Density or Unit Weight of Soil in Place.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 70 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12164M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12164M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA. PURPOSE AND USE OF IN-PLACE DENSITY OR UNIT WEIGHT TESTS In-place density or unit weight tests are performed on the soil to determine the undisturbed or in-place soil properties for field quality-control purposes to determine whether an earth or rock fill has been compacted to the desired or specified density or unit weight. The field in-place density tests are also conducted for making comparisons and calculations related to volume and weight relationships such as void ratio or degree of saturation. For design purposes, the tests are often conducted to provide information for calculating soil loads or stresses within a soil mass or exerted by a soil mass. Another important reason for these test procedures is to assist in the control and management of the borrow area by providing information for calculating volume differences between excavated volume and the volume of the compacted fill areas.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSoil compaction $xQuality control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12164M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12164M.htm

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=245  00$aLaboratory Compaction Tests.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 70 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12163M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12163M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA. PURPOSE AND USE OF LABORATORY COMPACTION TESTS The ASTM test methods for compaction are used to develop a laboratory-derived standard reference density that is used to determine the percentage of compaction and deviation from the optimum water content that is measured by the field in-place density tests. The ASTM Standard Test Methods used for determining compaction characteristics of soil are D698, D1557, D558, D4253, and D4254. These test methods are performed in the laboratory on samples obtained from the borrow area and are used to establish specimen compaction requirements for engineering property testing. The compaction test methods are also periodically performed in the field as construction proceeds to account for variations in soil types and to verify the previously run laboratory standard reference densities.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFills (Earthwork) $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSoil compaction $xQuality control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12163M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12163M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186729 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118034
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=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD426
=082  04$a628.1/68$223
=245  00$aAppendix D : User's Guide to DS 64 Search Software.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS64 (January 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11975D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11975D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xPollution.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution potential.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11975D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11975D.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186729 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118034
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11972D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11972D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD426
=082  04$a628.1/68$223
=245  00$aAppendix A : Chemical Names, CAS Numbers, Synonyms.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (71 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS64 (January 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11972D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11972D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xPollution.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution potential.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11972D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11972D.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186729 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118034
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11971D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11971D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD426
=082  04$a628.1/68$223
=245  00$aState Cleanup Standards and Guidelines.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (140 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS64 (January 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11971D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11971D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWhen looking up criteria for a specific chemical, it is best to use its CAS number since the same chemical may go by many different names. Synonyms for common chemicals are presented in Appendix A. It should also be noted that not all chemical names have CAS numbers. For example, there is not a CAS number for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). The publisher has taken the liberty to assign dummy CAS numbers to these chemicals to assist the reader in looking up information. The chemicals with dummy CAS numbers assigned appear in the beginning of Appendix A as numbers 00-00-01 through 00-00-86.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xPollution.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution potential.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11971D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11971D.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186729 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118034
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11974D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11974D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD426
=082  04$a628.1/68$223
=245  00$aAppendix C : State Agency Addresses.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS64 (January 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11974D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11974D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xPollution.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution potential.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11974D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11974D.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186729 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118034
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11973D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11973D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD426
=082  04$a628.1/68$223
=245  00$aAppendix B : Hazardous Substances List (RCRA, CERCLA, SARA).
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS64 (January 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11973D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11973D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xPollution.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution potential.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11973D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11973D.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186729 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118034
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11968D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11968D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD426
=082  04$a628.1/68$223
=245  00$aNational Standards and Guidelines.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (27 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS64 (January 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11968D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11968D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe federal government has passed numerous legislative initiatives directed toward assessment of acceptable levels of contamination in the environment. These include the following:  RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)  Action Levels in the proposed Corrective Action Rule  Residue Concentration Limits in the BIF (Boiler and Industrial Furnace) Rule  Toxicity Characteristic regulatory levels (TCLP)  Universal Treatment Standards in the proposed LDR (Land Disposal Restriction) Ruling  Safe Drinking Water Act  Maximum Contaminant Limits (MCLs)  Superfund Amendments Reauthorization Act (SARA) ARARs (Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements)  Soil Screening Levels (SSLs)  Toxic Substances Control Act  PCB spill cleanup requirements.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xPollution.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution potential.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11968D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11968D.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186729 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118034
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11967D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11967D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD426
=082  04$a628.1/68$223
=245  00$aRisk-Based Cleanup Criteria.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS64 (January 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11967D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11967D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCalculating cleanup levels based on the results of a sitespecific risk assessment can be detailed or simple depending on the requirements at a particular site. In either case, the approach to he used should be as simple as possible and familiar to the regulatory agencies that will be reviewing the document. A simple approach will usually be health protective and generally more acceptable to regulators than a complicated approach, but may be overly stringent. A more detailed approach can produce values that are somewhat less conservative but may not be as readily acceptable. Regulatory agencies generally have limited time and resources and may not be able to review and accept a complex novel approach.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xPollution.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution potential.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11967D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11967D.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11966D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11966D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a628.1/68$223
=245  00$aCleanup Criteria for Contaminated Soil and Groundwater.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS64 (January 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11966D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11966D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCleanup criteria for contaminated soil and groundwater have taken many different forms since the passage of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) in 1976 and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) in 1980, also referred to as the Superfund Act. These forms have included: (1) cleanup to background levels; (2) cleanup to levels established by the limits of detection; (3) cleanup to non-detect levels; (4) cleanup to levels established by the capability of the best demonstrated available remediation technologies; (5) cleanup to levels established by precedent, for example, Records of Decisions at Superfund Sites, decisions by regulatory authorities at similar sites, etc.; (6) cleanup to existing standards or guidelines, for example, Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) established in the Safe Drinking Water Act, Action Levels in the proposed RCRA Corrective Action Rule, etc.; (7) cleanup to levels protective of potentially exposed individuals as established by a health risk assessment; and (8) combinations of the above.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xPollution.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution potential.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11966D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11966D.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803186729 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118034
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11969D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD426
=082  04$a628.1/68$223
=245  00$aBackground Concentrations.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS64 (January 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11969D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11969D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBackground concentrations of elements in soils have been collected and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The results of soil samples taken at a depth at approximately 8 in. (203.2 mm) throughout the U.S. by the USGS are presented in Table 11.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xPollution.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution potential.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11969D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11969D.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803186729 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118034
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11970D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=050  \4$aTD426
=082  04$a628.1/68$223
=245  00$aCleanup Criteria Outside the United States.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (21 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS64 (January 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11970D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11970D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCountries throughout the world are faced with environmental problems similar to the United States. The cleanup of contaminated sites requires the establishment of cleanup criteria just as in the United States, and a number of countries have developed such. Among the more prominent are the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xPollution.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution potential.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11970D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11970D.htm

=LDR  05772nam  2200553 i 4500
=001  MNL12209M
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=008  170503c2012||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803188914 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170179
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12209M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12209M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aND1510
=082  04$a751.2$223
=100  1\$aGlancy, Charles W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aOil Absorption of Pigments / $cCharles W. Glancy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12209M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12209M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b55.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMIXING A PIGMENT WITH LINSEED OIL AND MAK-ing a paste is a preliminary test applied to pigments that has been in use in a systematic manner for almost a century and perhaps even longer in a less defined manner. This proved to be a practical means to qualitatively characterize the approximate color and texture of pigments quickly with materials and tools readily at hand. The work of mixing and the flow properties of the resulting paste provided an estimate of the rheological impact of a new pigment under consideration or a proposed pigment composition change. Thus, valuable insight of the dispersion performance of a pigment or formulation change in a mill base could be estimated. Further extension of the test was found to be useful in predicting the consistency of finished products. Mills [3] indicated that if equal volumes of oil absorption paste are mixed or thinned with equal volumes of thinners, the paints prepared have equal resistance to flow, viscosity, or consistency. While the application of oil absorption values as a formulation tool originated many years ago in the age of oil- and alkyd binder-based paints, the ability to use this information to calculate the binding power index of latex binders, latex porosity index of latex paints, and free binder continues to demonstrate the value of pigment oil absorption data today to solve coatings formulation problems. This is especially true for the field of interior and exterior architectural paints. If the oil absorption test is conducted in a quantitative manner, the result is a measure of the oil needed to wet the surface area of the pigment and to fill the voids in and among the pigment particles. If this result is achieved, profoundly important information is obtained of high value to pigmented paint and coatings development. A number of relatively simple test procedures have been developed to measure oil absorption of pigments. The difficulty generally to successfully applying these tests has been in two areas. First, great care and effort is required to reach and interpret the oil absorption end point. Secondly, one must obtain particle separation in the test to the same degree as achieved with the formulation in the pigment dispersion manufacturing process to which oil absorption value is to be related. Two ASTM pigment oil absorption test methods are available, which cover two incorporation methods. The different methods result in different end points and therefore different oil absorption values. Stieg [4] found that if the oil absorption value is determined by the ASTM D281 (Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by Spatula Rub-Out) and expressed on a volume basis, it is proportional to the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC) of alkyd wall paints. Later he and others demonstrated the extension of oil absorption values to calculate the CPVC of pigment compositions to predict the performance of latex paints and other calculated factors useful in formulating these coatings. Gardner-Coleman oil absorption, ASTM D1483 (Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by Gardner-Coleman Method), values have been related to pigment paste viscosities and found useful in estimating consistencies by comparison to a reference standard pigment behavior in the same dispersion machinery. A number of non-ASTM methods for the determination of oil absorption values have been reported in the literature and a few will be listed below.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=650  \0$aArtists' materials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12209M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12209M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTE7
=082  04$a625.7/9$223
=100  1\$aSwisher, James R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPavement Marking Materials / $cJames R. Swisher.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12246M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12246M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPAVEMENT MARKINGS GO RELATIVELY UNNOTICED by most people but affect almost everyone every day. They are used not only on city streets, highways, and interstates but also at airports, parking lots, and many commercial and industrial sites. A variety of materials are used for these applications. Some have specific uses, but all must adhere to the surface on which they are applied, show resistance to abrasion and weathering, and perform adequately over their expected life-times [1]. The following discussion will focus on the different types of marking materials being used and the testing of these materials for acceptability.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRoad markings.
=650  \0$aRoad marking materials.
=650  \0$aReflectorized road markings.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12246M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12246M.htm

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=050  \4$aTS695.9
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=100  1\$aEppler, Richard A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCeramic Coatings / $cRichard A. Eppler.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12189M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12189M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCERAMIC COATINGS ARE AN ALTERNATIVE TO organic or polymer based coatings for selected surface coating applications. When protecting a surface, it is usually less expensive to use organic coatings rather than other materials such as ceramic coatings. However, organic paints have limitations and will not meet all service requirements. Though more expensive, for some applications ceramic coatings may be a more suitable form of protection. Vitreous (glassy) ceramic coatings are chosen for application over a substrate for one or more of several reasons [1]. These reasons for selecting a ceramic coating in preference to an organic paint include rendering the surface more chemically inert, impervious to liquids and gases, more readily cleanable, and more resistant to service temperature, abrasion, and scratching. The chemical durability of ceramic coatings in service substantially exceeds that of organic paints [2]. Vitreous coatings are formulated to be resistant to a variety of reagents, from acids to hot water to alkalies, as well as to essentially all organic media. The only important exception is hydrofluoric acid, which readily attacks all silicate glasses. This outstanding durability, combined with a very smooth surface, renders many ceramic coatings suitable for applications requiring the highest standards of cleanability, such as ware that comes in contact with food and drink. These coatings are also suitable for applications requiring true hermeticity, usually to protect sensitive electronic equipment. No organic resins are truly hermetic. Even the most thermally stable organic resins depolymerize at temperatures on the order of 300C. Hence, organic paints are not suitable for applications requiring thermal stability above 300C. For example, stove side panels are painted, but stove tops are porcelain enameled. A similar argument can be made for abrasion resistance. Organic resins are soft (Moh 23). By contrast, vitreous coatings are harder (Moh 56), and some plasma coatings are much harder. For example, alumina coatings, plasma sprayed, have Moh = 9. Vitreous coatings are thin layers of glass fused onto the surface of the substrate. When the substrate is a ceramic, the coating is called a glaze. When the substrate is a metal, the coating is called a porcelain enamel. When the substrate is a glass, the coating is called a glass enamel.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMaterial Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aCeramic coating $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aThin film devices $xCongresses.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMaterial Science. $2bisasch.
=650  \0$aCeramic coating.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12189M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12189M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP248.3
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=100  1\$aFisher, John D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPhenolics / $cJohn D. Fisher.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12191M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12191M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPHENOLIC RESINS, INITIALLY COMMERCIALIZED in 1909, were the first completely synthetic materials of the burgeoning plastics business. The expansion of several new technologies of the time, namely the electrical, communications, and automotive industries, all required and depended on new materials that had better electrical insulating properties, higher heat resistance, and improved resistance to chemicals, acids, oils, and moisture. The heat-reactive or resole resins, developed by Dr. Leo H. Baekeland [1], were formulated into blends that were convenient for mass production of compression molded parts that satisfied these requirements. Improved and new items, such as coil supports, commutators, distributor heads, telephone sets, vacuum tube bases, radio parts, and electrical switches, all blossomed onto the market within a few years.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiochemical engineering.
=650  \0$aBioactive phenolics.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12191M.
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=100  1\$aEppler, Richard A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aExtender Pigments / $cRichard A. Eppler.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12204M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the 14th edition were drawn upon. The author acknowledges the author of the 14th edition, Henry P. Ralston. The current edition will review and update the topics addressed by the previous author, introduce new technology that has been developed, and include up-to-date references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12204M.
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=100  1\$aSliva, Thomas J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDrying Time / $cThomas J. Sliva.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12222M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12222M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PROCESS OF DRYING INVOLVES SEVERAL physical and/or chemical changes, such as solvent evaporation, oxidation, and polymerization, all of which are time dependent. The various stages of drying that occur in organic films may be subjective, difficult to measure reproducibly, and are influenced by many factors such as film thickness, substrate, temperature, humidity, light, and air circulation. Therefore, it is essential that most of these variables must be minimized in order to make drying time determinations more quantitative.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12222M.
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=050  \4$aTJ809.2
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=100  1\$aSchaeffer, Leonard, $eauthor.
=245  10$aHiding Power / $cLeonard Schaeffer.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12225M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b40.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWHEN LIGHT ENTERS A PAINT FILM, SOME OR ALL of it is absorbed or reflected by the film before reaching the substrate, thereby hiding the substrate to a lesser or greater degree. The light that reaches the substrate is partly absorbed by it and partly reflected back in conformance with the substrate's visual pattern. Reflection from the substrate eventually emerges from the film carrying the substrate reflectivity information perceived as visibility or lack thereof, and referred to as hiding. Opacity may be qualitatively defined as the property of a paint film that enables it to prevent the passage of light and thereby to hide the substrate on which it has been applied. Note that opacity is a film property, whereas hiding power is a property of the whole paint. Hiding is a more general term used frequently to refer to either opacity or hiding power (HP)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPower resources $xCongresses.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMechanical. $2bisasch.
=650  \0$aMaterials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12225M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12225M.htm

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=100  1\$aSiegmund, Alfred, $eauthor.
=245  10$aPipeline Coatings / $cAlfred Siegmund.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12244M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12244M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the fourteenth edition were drawn upon. The author acknowledges the authors of the fourteenth edition. The current edition will review and update the topics as addressed by the previous authors, introduce new technology that has been developed, and include up-to-date references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPipelines $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \0$aPiping $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \0$aService life (Engineering)
=650  \0$aPipeline.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12244M.
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=100  1\$aNowak, Paul J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aEffect Pigments / $cPaul J. Nowak.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12206M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b60.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEFFECT PIGMENTS ARE TYPICALLY DEFINED as flake or platy structures that impart a directional light reflectance, scattering, absorption, or optically variable appearance to the substrate in or on which they are applied. It will be shown that effect pigments are no longer limited in composition to inorganic materials and in fact can have alternative geometries. The mechanisms, however, by which all effect materials manipulate light, and thus color, still revolve around three basic optical principles, reflection, interference, and diffraction. It should be noted that while metallic flake pigments can also be considered effect materials, the article will focus on structures that manipulate light primarily through selective interference, and more recently diffraction, rather than specular reflection only. It should be emphasized, however, that reflection is still an integral parameter in the most recent technologies developed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12206M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12206M.htm

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=100  1\$aWeldon, Dwight G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAtomic Absorption, Emission, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy / $cDwight G. Weldon.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12250M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA PAINT, EVEN ONE AS SEEMINGLY SIMPLE AS A red-lead alkyd, is actually a very complex system wherein a variety of components such as polymers that may or may not contain reactive functionality, pigments, plasticizers, additives, and solvents must interact in such a way that the dried film offers expected protection. In addition, quite often, the film is expected to provide an aesthetic appeal. Because of this complexity, it is not surprising that the complete chemical analysis of a coating can be a complicated and time-consuming task. Indeed, a complete analysis of all the components may require the use of several analytical techniques, many of which are discussed in this manual. The intent of this chapter is somewhat more limited, as it pertains only to the analysis of coatings for metallic constituents and more specifically, elements. Such compounds are widely used in the coating industry. Many pigments and extenders are inorganic compounds that may contain metals, and many driers, catalysts, and ultraviolet (UV) light absorbers are metal-containing compounds as, for example, cobalt naphthenate and dibutyltindilaurate. It should be pointed out that in theory inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy can be used to analyze all elements except argon. However, in actual practice, it applies to approximately 70 elements, many of which are not typically considered metallic by most paint chemists. Classical wet chemical techniques are valuable in determining several of the above-mentioned paint-component compounds. However, a generally simpler, more efficient, and, in some cases, more sensitive way to achieve this involves the use of the related techniques of atomic absorption (AA), atomic emission (AE), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. It is the purpose of this chapter to briefly describe the underlying principles of these techniques and to discuss their usefulness within the coating industry.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xSpectroscopy & Spectrum Analysis. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aAtomic absorption spectroscopy.
=650  \0$aAtomic emission spectroscopy.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xSpectroscopy & Spectrum Analysis. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12250M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12250M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP936
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=100  1\$aLewis, Peter A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInorganic Colored Pigments / $cPeter A. Lewis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12202M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12202M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBROADLY SPEAKING, COLORED INORGANIC PIG-ments all fall into one of four groups: lead chromates, metal oxides, sulfides, or sulfoselenides with a few miscellaneous pigments that do not fit into one of these classes such as cobalt blue, ultramarine blue, iron blue, and bismuth vanadate yellow. This chapter describes the chemistry, manufacture, and properties of each of these classes of inorganic pigments. Inorganic whites such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, lithopone, and zinc sulfide, while pigmentary in nature and most definitely a part of the coatings industry, fall outside of the scope of this chapter and are discussed elsewhere in this manual. By chemistry, inorganic pigments can be subdivided as shown in Table 1. In addition to the inorganic pigments listed in Table 1, there also exist a series of pigments classed as mixed metal oxides (MMOs); for example, zinc iron chromite brown (PBr 33), cobalt chromite green (PG 26), cobalt titanate green (PG 50), and cobalt aluminate blue (PB 28 and PB 36). Currently, these mixtures are also referred to as complex inorganic colored pigments (CICP). Often CICP and MMO terminology are used interchangeably, but CICP indicates the pigment is colored. These types of inorganic pigments are sometimes also called ceramic colors because of their widespread use in the ceramics industry. Since they are covered in the next chapter of this book, no additional consideration will be given to these colors in this chapter. Before going further into this chapter, the reader is directed to Chapter 21 for an explanation of the Colour Index and the description of pigments, both inorganic and organic, that has become part of a global understanding with respect to pigment nomenclature. Transparent iron oxide pigments are finding increasing importance for automotive [1] and wood [2] coatings as well as other coating end use areas. These nano-size (average size less than 0.1 ?m) [3] pigments are available in various colors, such as yellow, red, green, blue, black, and brown. They provide color with transparency, durability, ultraviolet radiation protection, heat resistance, and improved transparency that accentuates particular coating effects. These interesting pigments are solid materials that achieve their transparency through their extremely small size and shape. They will be mentioned in some, but not in all, of the color classifications given below.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetallic oxides.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12202M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12202M.htm

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=100  1\$aKoleske, Joseph V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMass Color and Tinting Strength of Pigments / $cJoseph V. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12226M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b42.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONtents of the Fourteenth Edition of this manual were drawn upon. The author acknowledges the author of the chapter in the Fourteenth Edition, Julio I. Aviles. The current edition will review and update the topics as addressed by the previous author, introduce new technology, and include up-to-date references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aColor.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12226M.
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=100  1\$aKoleske, Joseph V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aRadiation Curing of Coatings / $cJoseph V. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12258M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12258M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b38.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aRADIATION CHEMISTRY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO the coating and paint technology industry involves the application of a low viscosity mixture principally comprised of reactive monomers and oligomers but containing, as well, conventional coating additives such as fillers, colorants in the form of dyes or pigments, surfactants, and so on to a substrate and exposing them to a radiation sourceparticularly ultraviolet (UV) or electron beam (EB) radiationfor very short periods of time. When required, as in UV radiation curing, a small amount of photoinitiator is included in the formulation. When exposed to the radiation source, the mixture of materials is almost instantaneously converted into an effectively cross-linked, high quality coating or other product [1]. Radiation technology, as applied to coatings, had its infancy in the late 1960s and early 1970s when governmental regulation began requiring that solvent emissions from paint and coatings be decreased and regulated. At that time, most coatings were formulated with high molecular weight polymers and large amounts (often 80 % or more) of inexpensive solvents and cosolvents that for the most part were emitted to the atmosphere. Regulation increasingly forced companies to decrease these emitted solvents, and it was in this environment that new technologies such as high solids, powder, and radiation-cured coatings were born. Changes were slow to come into being in the stodgy (at that time) paint and coatings business, but today each of these methods of formulation and curing has become an important part of the coating and paint business. RADTECH International is an association for ultraviolet and electron beam technology as related to radiation-cured products for the adhesive, coating, ink, paint, and related industries. This group publishes a report (RadTech Report) five times a year, conducts UV/EB technology expositions and conferences and publishes the conference proceedings, has various publication and information available, and maintains a link between the various facets of the UV/EB industry (see www.radtech.org)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aUltraviolet radiation $xIndustrial applications.
=650  \0$aRadiation curing.
=650  \0$aCoating processes.
=650  \0$aCoatings.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12258M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12258M.htm

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=100  1\$aEppler, Richard A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCeramic Pigments / $cRichard A. Eppler.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12203M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12203M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCERAMIC PIGMENTS ARE COMPLEX MIXTURES of oxygen-containing materials that have been calcined at high temperatures to form specific crystalline phases [1]. In most cases, oxide raw materials are carefully mixed and then calcined in either batch kilns or continuous calciners [2]. After calcination, they are ground to the necessary fineness in mills. Micronizers and/or jet mills are used to break agglomerates. The final production step involves careful control of the color tone. Because these pigments are formed at high temperatures, they generally offer superb thermal stability and are relatively inert. This results in excellent weathering and light fastness properties. Most of these pigments have superior acid and alkali resistance. They are nonmigrating and nonbleeding in nature and do not interact with polymer systems [3]. The principal disadvantage of ceramic pigments is their low tinting strength. In addition, some are relatively high in cost. This is particularly true with cobalt-containing pigments. Some of these pigments are difficult to disperse. However, the recent development of easily dispersed ceramic pigments should eliminate this problem. A final concern is the inherent hardness of these pigments. Their hardness can lead to processing system damage through abrasion. When using ceramic pigments, processing system components designed for use with abrasive materials should be considered.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCeramics.
=650  \0$aCeramics $xPeriodicals.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12203M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12203M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP1180.E6
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=100  1\$aWatkins, Michael J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aEpoxy Resins in Coatings / $cMichael J. Watkins.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12190M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12190M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE AUTHOR COLLABORATED WITH RONALD Bauer and Edward Marx in preparing this chapter for the previous or 14th edition of this manual. This revised edition includes expanded descriptions of epoxy materials and curing agents currently used in coating formulations. Epoxy resins are versatile materials that are used in a wide variety of coatings. In the interests of brevity, this chapter focuses on the epoxy resins, curing agents, and coating types that are commercially most important and account for the largest usage of epoxy resins. As an example, epoxy coating technologies, which reduce volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, have grown rapidly. Waterborne, high solids, and powder epoxy coatings account for about 80 % of all epoxy resin used in coatings. On the other hand, low solids epoxy coatings have declined significantly in importance and account for less than 15 % of epoxy resin usage. So this chapter naturally focuses on the low VOC technologies. Similarly, epoxy ester coatings were described in the previous edition, but have declined in importance, so they are not discussed here. Also, epoxy coatings are formulated with other materials described in this manual, and attempts have been made to reference those chapters where appropriate.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aEpoxy resins.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12190M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12190M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP1180.P6
=082  04$a668.4/225$223
=100  1\$aNelson, Dan, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAlkyds and Polyesters / $cDan Nelson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12187M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12187M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aALKYDS ARE SYNTHETIC POLYMERIC MATERIALS that have been used in the coating industry since the 1930s. Today, they continue to be workhorse polymers for the paint, coating, and printing ink industries. Alkyds and chemically modified alkyd resins are the condensation products of poly-basic acids and polyhydric alcohols. They are used in liquid organic coatings for the architectural, industrial, automotive, and industrial maintenance markets. Alkyds are also known as oil-modified polyesters because of the presence of vegetable or marine oils or other fatty acids. These oils are coreacted into the polyester backbone. The type of oil or fatty acid present in the alkyd contributes to its oxidative cure characteristics. In a chemical sense, alkyds are polyesters that are formulated with drying or nondrying oils. In contrast, polyesters are oil free. Alkyds are often modified with other polymeric materials for particular property attainment. Three major classifications of alkyds are those designed for conventional solids, higher solids, and water-borne coatings. Because there are a large variety of commercially available intermediates and chemical modifiers, i.e., monomers, for the preparation of alkyds, they continue to be a very versatile type of polymers for coatings and printing inks. Most alkyds are film-forming polymers with a relatively low glass transition temperature (Tg ), i.e., below 0C. They have inherently excellent pigment wetting characteristics and readily accept additives to form coatings with a wide range of appearance, performance, and application characteristics. Alkyds and modified alkyds have a good combination of hardness and flexibility, very acceptable corrosion resistance, good gloss retention, good adhesion to ferrous and nonferrous metals, and other properties that make them acceptable for use on wood, metal, plastic, composite, and other substrates. They are used in areas such as architectural coatings, automotive under-body and under-hood coatings, coil coatings, drum and metal container coatings, electrical insulating enamels, exterior trim paints, maintenance paints, and similar end uses. Alkyd technology has generally evolved slowly over the past few decades. The past few years have shown that technology advances have been made to (a) increase the performance of higher solids alkyds, (b) develop new methods for delivering alkyds in water, and (c) around blend and hybridization science involving other chemistries. Polyesters used in coatings are reaction products of polyhydric alcohols and polybasic acids. Synthetic formulators have the luxury of selecting a variety of multifunctional reactants depending on end use applications, required economics, and coating performance needs.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPolyesters.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12187M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12187M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP156.C57
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=100  1\$aBrezinski, Darlene, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAnalysis of Paint / $cDarlene Brezinski.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12248M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12248M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE IMPORTANCE OF APPROPRIATE SAMPLING FOR analytical work cannot be overemphasized. Unfortunately, this topic is often not given sufficient thought, and there is often not enough training on the subject. A clear understanding of the nature of the problem or the reason analysis is needed must be established prior to obtaining a sample. It is extremely important to know the compositional makeup of the bulk material from which the sample is being taken. Without this knowledge, improper sampling can very easily occur. The homogeneity or heterogeneity of the sample along with its stability is very important to consider. The composition of a sample may change once it is removed from its natural matrix or environment due to interactions with a container, ultraviolet light, or air, for example. One should also know in advance what level of precision is required of the analysis and what compositional information is required. Development of a sampling plan is one of the most important steps in providing reliable samples and consequently accurate and reliable data. The types of samples usually encountered are as follows: Representative Sample: A sample considered to be typical of the bulk material and whose composition can be used to characterize the bulk with respect to the parameter measured. Systematic Sample: a sample taken according to a systematic plan with the objective of investigating systematic variability of the bulk. Systematic effects due to time or temperature are typical matters of concern. Random Sample: A sample selected by a random process to eliminate questions of bias in selection and/or to provide a basis for statistical interpretation of measurement data. Composite Sample: A sample composed of two or more increments that are combined to reduce the number of individual samples needed to average compositional variability [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPaint.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12248M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12248M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP1142
=082  04$a620.192$223
=100  1\$aFerguson, Russell L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMetallic Pigments / $cRussell L. Ferguson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12205M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER IS BASED ON THE CONTENTS OF THE 14th edition. Careful consideration has been given to the addition of new information, test methods, and technology, thus providing the most up-to-date information available on metallic pigments. Metallic pigments, including aluminum zinc, gold, bronze, nickel, and stainless steel, provide the paint and coatings industry with a variety of aesthetic and functional properties. These pigments, either in flake or powder form, contribute to the metallic effects associated with automotive topcoats; general industrial finishes; silver, gold, and copper finishes; metallic ink systems; and many of the high-performance primers for coatings systems. In addition to providing metallic and polychromatic effects, they provide functional anticorrosive benefits.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPolymers $xAdditives.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMaterial Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aMetal coating.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12205M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12205M.htm

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=100  1\$aMerchak, Paul, $eauthor.
=245  10$aColored Organic Pigments / $cPaul Merchak.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12201M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b34.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBEFORE ENTERING INTO ANY DISCUSSION RELATING to pigments, it is first necessary to clearly define what is understood to be an organic pigment as opposed to a dye-stuff. In many earlier texts on color and articles concerning the use of color, the terms pigment and dyestuff are used almost interchangeably and often incorrectly. A definition of a pigment has been proposed by the Color Pigments Manufacturers Association (CPMA) in response to a request from the Toxic Substance Interagency Testing Committee. This definition was developed specifically to enable differentiation between a dyestuff and a pigment with the intention of forever ending the confusion surrounding these two terms. As such, it is worthwhile reproducing this definition in its entirety: Pigments are colored, black, white, or fluorescent particulate organic and inorganic solids which usually are insoluble in, and essentially physically and chemically unaffected by, the vehicle or substrate in which they are incorporated. They alter appearance by selective absorption and/or by scattering of light. Pigments are usually dispersed in vehicles or substrates for application, as for instance in inks, paints, plastics, or other polymeric materials. Pigments retain a crystal or particulate structure throughout the coloration process. As a result of the physical and chemical characteristics of pigments, pigments and dyes differ in their application; when a dye is applied, it penetrates the substrate in a soluble form, after which it may or may not become insoluble. When a pigment is used to color or opacify a substrate, the finely divided insoluble solid remains throughout the coloration process. Additionally, the older terms lake and toner may be encountered when dealing with pigments. American terminology, applied to pigments, defines a toner as an organic pigment that is free of inorganic extender pigments or carriers; as such, the pigment is unadulterated and exhibits maximum tinting capacity for the pigment type. A lake, conversely, is an organic colorant that has been combined with an inorganic substrate or extender such as barium sulfate (Blanc Fixe) or alumina. In European terminology, toners are considered to be water-soluble acid or basic dye-stuffs that are converted into insoluble pigmentary forms by appropriate precipitation with an inorganic compound. As such, Barium Lithol red (C. I. Pigment Red 49:1) and the phosphotungsto molybdic acid (PTMA)-based Rhodamine (C.I. Pigment Violet 1) are considered toners. In the coatings industry, the term toner may be used to refer to a secondary color that is added to alter the primary hue of the paint. The term lake now has an accepted definition as that used in America.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=650  \0$aOrganic compounds.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12201M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12201M.htm

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=100  1\$aSpadafora, Stephen J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAerospace and Aircraft Coatings / $cCharles R. Hegedus, Stephen J. Spadafora, Anthony T. Eng, David F. Pulley, Donald J. Hirst.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12239M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aORGANIC COATINGS ARE PRIMARILY APPLIED TO aircraft for environmental protection and appearance. Reference [1] concludes, The rate controlling parameter for the corrosion of aircraft alloys, excluding the mechanical damage factor, is the degradation time of the protective coating system. This clearly indicates the importance of the coating system's durability and its ability to control corrosion and erosion. Relative to appearance, commercial aircraft benefit from the aesthetic characteristics of the coating system, while military aircraft rely on camouflage properties to minimize enemy detection and tracking during mission operations. To meet operational requirements, aircraft coating systems traditionally consist of a primer and a topcoat. Primers inhibit corrosion of the substrate and enhance adhesion of subsequent topcoats, while topcoats are applied for appearance and to enhance overall durability of the coating system. Self-priming topcoats, which perform as both primer and topcoat in a single coating, have recently been introduced [2,3]. In addition, specialty coatings are strategically applied to perform various functions such as protection against rain erosion, chafing, immersion in fuel, and high temperature. References [46] provide more detail on the formulation and properties of aircraft coatings. A number of factors affect the performance of aircraft coatings, including the substrate material, the aircraft's operational environment, and flight conditions. Aircraft structures and skins are manufactured from numerous metallic alloys and polymeric composites with a variety of pre-paint treatments, thus complicating the adhesion and corrosion inhibition characteristics of the coating system. Environmental conditions also can vary dramatically (arctic, tropical, marine, industrial, desert, etc.). Skin temperatures during flight can range from 54 to 177C (65 to 350F) while ground conditions may be relatively benign or highly corrosive. Aircraft type and mission also play important roles in coating system performance. A commuter aircraft that hops from island to island in the tropics sees frequent pressurization and depressurization along with high temperature, humidity, and salt water. In contrast, a military tactical aircraft may fly far fewer hours but will experience extreme structural loads during flight conditions. These flight conditions place environmental and mechanical stresses on the aircraft coating system. Therefore, selection of appropriate test and evaluation procedures is an essential component for determining acceptable coatings for aircraft application [7].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAerospace industries $xCosts.
=650  \0$aIndustrial procurement.
=650  \0$aOffset (Accounting)
=700  1\$aEng, Anthony T., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHegedus, Charles R., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHirst, Donald J., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aPulley, David F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12239M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12239M.htm

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=050  \4$aTJ1075
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=100  1\$aSlawson, Daniel K., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAbrasion Resistance / $cDaniel K. Slawson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12228M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12228M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the fourteenth edition were drawn upon. The author acknowledges the authors of the fourteenth edition. The current edition will review and update the topics as addressed by the previous authors, introduce new technology that has been developed, and include up-to-date references. The problem of resistance to abrasion exists all around us: on floors, walls, furniture, automobiles, farm implements, construction equipment, military gear, appliances, shoe soles, and so on. Because resistance to abrasion is a basic factor in the durability of a coating, its measurement is of practical importance to both producer and consumer. Abrasion is caused by mechanical actions such as rubbing, scraping, or erosion from wind and water. It can take two general forms: marring or wearing.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAircraft industry $xMaterials $xResearch $xSimulation methods $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aAircraft industry $xMaterials $xAbrasion resistance $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xMaterials $xTesting $xSimulation methods $xCongresses.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12228M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12228M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ153
=082  04$a621.8/16$223
=100  1\$aWeldon, Dwight G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aTesting of Industrial Maintenance Coatings / $cDwight G. Weldon.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12243M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12243M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aINDUSTRIAL MAINTENANCE COATINGS COVER A diverse range of coatings for use in a wide variety of industries. For example, coatings such as alkyds, acrylics, vinyls, epoxies, urethanes, polyureas, silicones, and silicates can be used to coat structures of such variety as bridges, railroad cars, chemical process vessels, elevated water tanks, and concrete floors. Therefore, it is obvious that because of the many different coating chemistries and the vast range of environments to which they might be exposed, the testing of industrial maintenance coatings can be a broad topic. Furthermore, a particular physical property which may be important in one application, such as temperature resistance for a stack coating, may be of little importance for a different coating in a different environment. Therefore, it is important to know not only what type of tests can be run, but to appreciate the relative importance of various tests, realizing that their ranking may change from project to project. In broad terms, the testing of coatings falls into one of two categories: determining the properties of the liquid paint, and determining the properties of the dried film. The testing of liquid paint can involve not only determining compositional related parameters such as density or solids content, but also application related parameters such as dry time and sag resistance. Although dried films can certainly be subjected to a barrage of analytical techniques to investigate chemical composition, this would generally be considered a separate topic, and in the context of this chapter most of the testing on dried films is done to determine performance or physical properties, such as abrasion resistance or adhesion. In the past, much emphasis, not only in testing but in specification writing, was placed on the chemical composition of the coating. In the last decade or so, the emphasis has shifted more toward performance based requirements. Although the performance of the coating on the substrate is certainly of more fundamental importance than which ingredients are in the can, the latter should not be ignored. Indeed, it is fairly common when screening coatings for a Qualified Products List (QPL) to base acceptance on their performance characteristics, but also to do some basic compositional testing of the specific batch which was submitted. The results of these compositional tests are then used to define the characteristics of any future batches which may be provided for specific jobs, to help insure that production batches have similar composition (and therefore hopefully similar performance characteristics) to the batch which passed the QPL testing.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMachinery. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aMachinery $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \0$aIndustrial equipment $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMachinery. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12243M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12243M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQP801.B69
=082  04$a668.9$223
=100  1\$ade Wit, Jos S., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCellulose Esters of Organic Acids / $cJos S. de Wit, Deep Bhattacharya.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12183M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12183M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCELLULOSE ESTERS ARE BASED ON ONE OF THE most abundant naturally occurring biopolymers, namely cellulose. This polysaccharide represents a readily available, sustainable feedstock alternative to petroleum-based materials. Although a broad variety of cellulose esters can be made, this chapter only provides a general discussion on the commercially available organic acid esters of cellulose: cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB). Cellulose esters are the reaction product of combining organic acids and/or acid anhydrides with the hydroxyl groups found on the anhydroglucose repeating units of a cellulose molecule [1, 2]. In addition to esterification, several subsequent processing steps are required in the manufacture of cellulose esters including hydrolysis to obtain the desired residual hydroxyl level, filtration, precipitation, washing, dewatering, drying, and screening. Details about these and other manufacturing steps can be found at various places in the three volumes of Ott, Spurlin, and Grafflin [3]. The final product is a dry, free-flowing powder in most instances, although other physical forms can be produced when required. Basic information about physical properties, solubility properties in various solvents and monomers, and compatibility properties of various cellulose esters is provided. Typical uses as well as selected new uses for cellulose esters are briefly discussed as a general guide to selecting these polymeric materials for a variety of applications.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiopolymers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPlastics.
=700  1\$aBhattacharya, Deep, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12183M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12183M.htm

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=050  \4$aQD383.S54
=082  04$a668.4/227$223
=100  1\$aPetraitis, D. J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aSilicone Coatings / $cD. J. Petraitis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12194M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12194M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSILICONE-BASED COATINGS ARE AMONG THE MOST useful materials for a wide variety of applications. Because the basic bond energies of Si-C and Si-O bonds are high, the chemical processes usually associated with aging of coated surfaces are often much slower and in many situations virtually eliminated for silicone coatings. Also, because the Si-C and Si-O bonds are not present in the natural organic world, biocompatibility and resistance to degradation via biochemical and biophysical processes are significantly reduced. In a similar manner, some silicone polymeric coatings and fluorosilicone-based coatings, in particular, have excellent solvent resistance. Silicone coatings based on trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxanes have resistance to swelling from such agents as gasoline, jet fuel, solvents, and various other reagents. Chemically, highly branched polymeric silicone coatings begin to approach the properties of silica surfaces as the organic pendant content is reduced. As the organic pendant groups are reduced, the SiO4/2 content increases and the chemical resistance increases. Such polymeric coatings can provide physical scratch resistance as well as chemical resistance. Elastomeric silicone coatings, however, do not provide good resistance to strong acids and/or bases. Strong acids or bases, in particular at elevated temperatures, can cause depolymerization of the siloxane backbone, resulting in failure or, in the case of silicone elastomeric coatings, dissolution of the coating. In a similar manner, silicone coatings are resistant to virtually all frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum. For compliant coatings, silicones are unsurpassed in resistance to hard radiation, such as that from a Cobalt-60 source for doses in excess of 20 Mrd, as well as from the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared frequencies. When combined with their hydrophobicity, oxygen, and ozone resistance properties, silicones provide excellent weatherability characteristics, and when these properties are combined with the resistance to atomic oxygen encountered in low earth orbit conditions, silicone coatings provide protection for organic substrates in various spacecraft applications. Coating various medical devices is another applications area that utilizes the high quality chemical and biochemical performance characteristics associated with silicone coatings. Such coatings are used to encapsulate and seal permanent implants such as heart pacemakers. They have also been used to coat temporary implants such as catheters and surgical drains. Thin elastomeric silicone coatings are used to provide soft tissue replacements by forming an envelope to encapsulate gels and/or normal saline solutions. Recent applications for biocompatible silicone coatings include drug delivery devices for both transdermal and long-term implantable, controlled-release drug delivery. A final characteristic that makes silicone coatings useful is their inherently low or nonflammability. Typically, silicone elastomeric coatings have been rated SE-l when tested via Underwriters' Laboratories Flame Test (UL-94). This property makes silicone coatings ideal for conformal coating of various electrical circuits and devices. In the event of catastrophic thermal degradation, the silicone coatings can and do provide a SiO2 ash coating that may permit the emergency operation of the electrical device on a shortterm, temporary basis. Lynch et al. [1] have investigated silicone and other coatings as thermal barrier coatings. They found that the only system that met their requirements of protecting a thin steel plate during a direct flame impingement test and withstanding low temperature flexure tests was a fiberglass-polysilicone composite. Other investigators have studied the effect of silicone fabric coatings on mechanical properties when used in glass fabric/polyester composites [2] and on water absorption of such fabrics [3].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSilicon polymers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aElastomers.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12194M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12194M.htm

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=100  1\$aKoleske, Joseph V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPaint and Coating Specifications and Standards / $cJoseph V. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12257M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12257M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCOATING AND PAINT SPECIFICATIONS ARE A COMmonality established between a customer and a supplier. They define what a customer can expect from a supplier and what the supplier is required to do to meet the customer's expectations. Often such agreements are between organizations that purchase the products in large volume for construction and maintenance projects, for resale to distributors, or to end-use consumers. Details of how to carry out the testing required to meet such specifications is left to the devices or procedures (often termed standards or test methods) of a third, uninterested party such as ASTM International or similar groups that are listed elsewhere in this chapter. Purchasing organizations may be federal, state, and local governmental agencies and departments, large industries as for example the automotive, petroleum, and pipe industries, public utilities, railroads, retail companies such as Sears and Wal-Mart, universities and other educational institutions, as well as others. However, in certain instances, the standards used to meet the specifications can carry down to the final consumer as sometimes evidenced on certain products, for example the listing of volatile organic compounds on a can of paint. Simplistically, a specification is a precise, though detailed, statement of requirements that must be satisfied by a material, product, system, or service that indicates the proceduresstandards or test methodsto be followed when determining whether each of the requirements is satisfied [1]. Paints and coatings used in industrial new construction may be specified in construction documents, while such materials used in maintenance finishes or sold through retail outlets may be described in the particular specifications of the purchasing organization. Engineering departments often specify finishes applied by large manufacturing industries, as, for example, the automotive industry, the appliance industry, and the packaging industry. Those who develop the specifications for large quantities of original equipment, maintenance or other finishes, such as public utilities, transportation organizations, and government agencies, purchase on a specification basis and most often by competitive bidding. Coating specifications set by, for example, the United States Navy and other government agencies will sometimes specify that a coating or paint be manufactured according to a specific formula or recipe that passes the requirements stated in particular, delineated test methods (www.nstcenter.com). If one goes to the Technical Resources tab at this site and clicks on Standards and Specs, items that are used to specify many products can be found.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint $xTesting.
=650  \0$aCoatings $xTesting.
=650  \0$aCoating.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12257M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12257M.htm

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=100  1\$aSchnall, Marvin J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDriers and Metallic Soaps / $cMarvin J. Schnall.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12185M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12185M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMETALLIC SOAPS ARE COMPOUNDS OF ALKALINE metals or heavy metals and monobasic carboxylic acids containing from 7 to 22 carbon atoms. The water-insoluble metallic soaps are of particular interest to the coatings industry, although potassium and lithium soaps have limited water solubility. Basically, the known techniques for preparation of metallic soaps are divided in two processesa fusion process and a double decomposition process. The fusion process involves reacting a metal oxide or hydroxide with a fused fatty acid such as a triglyceride in the presence of water [1]. The process yields the desired metallic soap and glycerin. The double decomposition process involves reacting an alkali soap that is comprised of an alkaline metal salt or an ammonium salt of a fatty acid with an inorganic metal salt. Both processes are usually carried out in a batch mode; and, as a result, a product contaminated with unreacted starting materials and by-products that must be further purified is formed. To obtain a product essentially free of contamination, a continuous process [2] involving the double decomposition scheme has been devised. An aqueous solution of the alkali soap and an inorganic metal salt are separately fed onto a rotating impeller surface whereon they are instantaneously mixed. The resulting aqueous slurry is rapidly discharged and a contamination-free metallic soap results. Recently, a process for making basic zirconium carboxylates of branchedchain, five- to ten-carbon, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids has been described [3]. The compounds are useful as driers for paints and inks. The applications of metallic soaps in coatings include their use as driers, catalysts, stabilizers, biocides, bodying agents, and flatting agents. An overview of metallic soap applications is presented in Table 1. An interesting particular end-use for metallic soaps is in the formation of a thin metallic oxide coating on a substrate [4]. A solution of the metallic soap is applied by reverse roll coating and then baked in a manner such that a thin, about 110 ?m, film of the metallic oxide is formed. Although this chapter concentrates primarily on metallic soaps used as driers, a brief review of bodying and flatting applications for these materials is included.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetallic soaps.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12185M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12185M.htm

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=100  1\$aKight, Robert W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPolyamides / $cRobert W. Kight.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12192M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12192M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPOLYAMIDE RESINS ARE POLYCONDENSATION products of dimerized fatty acids and polyamines. Reactive liquid polyamide resins are oligomers designed primarily for use in the manufacture of two-component epoxy/polyamide coatings and adhesives. The two-component coatings are generally labeled Part A and Part B, with the liquid polyamide resin usually (though not always) contained in Part B. The polyamide resin may function as the curing agent, core-actant, or hardener for epoxy resin. Polyamide resins should not be considered as catalysts although they may initiate the reaction; the polyamide resin reacts with the epoxy resin and becomes part of the polymer. The majority of polyamide resins used in coatings are viscous liquids that are usually supplied by the coatings manufacturer as a solution in organic solvents. The solution may be a clear amber liquid or may contain pigments in colored systems. Current trends in the coatings industry are toward higher solids, lower volatile organic compound (VOC)-containing products. These products require lower viscosity reactants, such as liquid epoxy resins cured with amidoamines rather than polyamides. Amidoamines are condensation products of monobasic fatty acids and polyamines and are therefore lower in viscosity. These products are less compatible with epoxy resins so commercial examples are adducts of amidoamines. Adduction improves compatibility, though generally increases viscosity, so high boiling, compatible solvents, such as benzyl alcohol, are commonly used to reduce viscosity. Benzyl alcohol becomes trapped in the cured film due to its structural similarity to epoxy resins based on bisphenol A and does not migrate through the film to the surface. Many commercial high-solids curing agents are amidoamine adducts containing benzyl alcohol.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPolyesters.
=650  \0$aPolyamides.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12192M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12192M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS699
=082  04$a620.1/6$223
=100  1\$aKoleske, Joseph V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPowder Coating / $cJoseph V. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12259M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12259M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aALTHOUGH THE FIRST POWDER COATING WAS developed in the late 1950s, it was not until the early 1970s that governmental regulations and the 80 % solids rule brought about what was termed the powder explosion. Requirements indicated that liquid coatings were to have markedly decreased volatile organic content, and this provided the impetus for companies to look into new coating technologiespowder coating, radiation cure, and high solids. It was a difficult task for entrenched companies to change and product manufacturing, equipment costs, and lethargy slowed progress. Solvents were inexpensive and it was easy to apply low-solids, solvent-based coatings. But, a number of old and newly established companies continued with development of the new systems, and today these three new technologies have a strong position in the coatings industry. Numerous industrial, consumer, and automotive finishes, for a broad range of products, are applied with powder coating technology. Powder coating has grown over the past few decades, and today it is a widely used technology that has captured about 1215 % of the finishing market. Powder coatings are dry, effectively 100 % solids materials that are supplied as free-flowing powders. The final coatings are either thermoplastic or thermoset in character. They differ from conventional coating systems in that a solvent is not needed to keep the polymeric binder, pigment and/or filler, and additives in a combined state for application and film formation. They are mainly applied by a thermal (fluid bed) method, an electrostatic (spray) method, or a combination of thermal and electrostatic methods. After application, the powder is heated and the particles melt and flow to form a hard protective and/or decorative coating for a wide variety of consumer and industrial end uses. Although powder coatings provide very high quality finishes for metal, plastic, and wood substrates, they have other important advantages in today's marketplace. These advantages are often described within the industry as the Five E's, and they should be kept in mind when contemplating the use of powder coatings:  Economy  Efficiency  Energy savings  Environmental compliance  Excellence of finish.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPowder coating (Metal finishing)
=650  \0$aMetal cleaning.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12259M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12259M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aS591
=082  04$a634.9$223
=100  1\$aSliva, Thomas J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aWater-Repellent Coatings / $cVictoria Scarborough, Thomas J. Sliva.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12247M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12247M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWATER REPELLENTS ARE TRANSPARENT COATINGS formulated for the purpose of protecting porous substrates by preventing the penetration of liquid water. Unlike waterproofing materials and sealers, water repellents allow the passage of water vapor and generally are not designed to prevent the intrusion of liquid water under hydrostatic pressure. Water is known to penetrate porous materials and contribute to their deterioration [13]. Examples include warping and swelling of wood as well as cracking and spalling of concrete and masonry caused by freeze/thaw cycles and dissolved salts. Further, chloride ions in de-icing salts can accelerate the corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete. Water repellents are used to provide protection against such damage. Water repellents provide protection by depositing hydrophobic compounds on the substrate, thus modifying the surface tension of the treated area. With some treatments, water may bead on the treated surface.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSoil permeability.
=650  \0$aWater repellents.
=700  1\$aScarborough, Victoria, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12247M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12247M.htm

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=100  1\$aKoleske, Joseph V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aFriction and Slip Resistance / $cJoseph V. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12233M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12233M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b61.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn preparation of this chapter, the contents of Chapter 50 Slip Resistance in the fourteenth edition were drawn upon. The author acknowledges the author of the chapter in the fourteenth edition, Paul R. Guvin, Jr. The current edition will review and update the topics as addressed by the previous author, introduce new technology, and include up-to-date references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aNanostructured materials.
=650  \0$aSurfaces (Physics)
=650  \0$aRheology.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12233M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12233M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQE571
=082  04$a551.3$223
=100  1\$aSherbondy, Valerie S., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAccelerated Weathering / $cValerie S. Sherbondy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12236M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12236M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONtents of the fifteenth edition were drawn upon. The current edition will review, clarify and update the topics as addressed in the previous edition. New technology and reference materials are acknowledged and included to update the reader with the advances in this industry. Paints and coatings are used both to protect substrates and to provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance. In an outdoor environment, both of these functions can be affected by weathering. The four major factors involved in weathering are solar radiation (sunlight), moisture, oxygen, and heat. Sunlight, especially in the short wavelength/high energy ultraviolet (UV) region, has been proven to lead to discoloration, loss of gloss, scaling, embrittlement, and chalking. Moisture, in the form of rain, dew and humidity can cause blistering, flaking, loss of adhesion and promote the growth of mildew and algae. Heat exposure may cause embrittlement, cracking, peeling, and checking. Oxygen in the atmosphere participates in the oxidation of the surface of the coating, which may eventually lead to oxidation of internal layers, causing embrittlement, softening, cracking, or crazing. The oxygen is often left out of the discussion since it is more constant than the other factors, but this degradation process is a contributing factor to the other three factors of weathering. These elements contribute individually as well as in combination to cause coating failures. Naturally occurring and man-made chemicals in the environment also contribute to coating degradation and could be considered a fifth element of weathering. However, the type and levels of chemicals can vary dramatically, even over short distances. Therefore, they cannot be considered as universal in influencing the degradation process as the four factors mentioned previously. Perhaps as a consequence of this, and also partly due to tradition, chemical resistance testing is usually considered to be separate from artificial weathering. Although the effects of chemicals cannot be ignored, they are discussed elsewhere in the manual. One of the most common chemical exposure tests that is often grouped with accelerated weathering continues to be salt fog or salt spray testing, which is discussed in the corrosion section of this manual. In summary, this chapter will consider only devices that incorporate an UV light source, temperature control or monitoring, and moisture exposure monitoring.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xEarth Sciences $xSedimentology & Stratigraphy. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSedimentation and deposition.
=650  \0$aWeathering.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xEarth Sciences $xSedimentology & Stratigraphy. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12236M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12236M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD281.P6
=082  04$a547/.28$223
=100  1\$aMcCreight, Kevin W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCoalescing Aids / $cKevin W. McCreight.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12212M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12212M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b33.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aLATEX PAINTS CONTAIN FINE DISPERSIONS OF high molecular weight film-forming resins in water. Common film-forming resins include vinyl acetate-acrylic co-polymers, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers, acrylic copolymers, or styrene-acrylic copolymers although many other types of systems are also commercially available. Formulations of latex paints are complicated by the presence of pigments, surfactants, dispersants, biocides, defoamers, thickeners, freeze-thaw stabilizers, and coalescing aids. Paints must be formulated such that good stability and excellent coating properties can be achieved over a wide range of application conditions. Many important paint properties, including scrub resistance, porosity, and gloss, are linked to the quality of film formation that is achieved. Film formation in latex paints is promoted by the addition of coalescing aids, which enable the latex particles to consolidate and yield a continuous film.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aEmulsion polymerization.
=650  \0$aLatex.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12212M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12212M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170179
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12253M$2doi
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQP519.9.I48
=082  04$a535.8/42$223
=100  1\$aWeldon, Dwight G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInfrared Spectroscopy / $cDwight G. Weldon.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12253M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12253M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aINFRARED (IR) SPECTROSCOPY IS ONE OF THE most powerful analytical methods available in the coatings industry. It can be applied to both liquid and solid samples, and can be used to analyze both bulk samples and surfaces. Although perhaps the most fundamental uses of infrared spectroscopy are the elucidation of molecular structure and the identification of unknowns, it has great utility in the coatings industry as a problem solving tool. For instance, IR spectroscopy can be used not only to determine if the specified epoxy coating was actually used on a project experiencing coating failure, but can also be used to determine if the coating was mixed in the proper ratio of Part A to Part B, and maybe even to determine if it was applied over an organic contaminant such as grease or oil. In some cases, it can be used to determine a coating's degree of cure, or to examine surfaces for exudates, or to determine if the correct amount of plasticizer is present in a brittle lacquer. In short, IR spectroscopy is an essential component of the modern coatings laboratory.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aInfrared spectroscopy.
=650  \0$aRaman spectroscopy.
=650  \0$aSpectrophotometry, Infrared $xtrends.
=650  \0$aSpectrum Analysis, Raman.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12253M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12253M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170179
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12227M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL12227M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP968
=082  04$a668.3$223
=100  1\$aNelson, Gordon L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAdhesion / $cGordon L. Nelson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12227M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12227M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b75.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the fourteenth edition were drawn upon. The current edition will review and update the topics as previously addressed, introduce new technology that has been developed, and include additional references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aAdhesion.
=650  \0$aAdhesives.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12227M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12227M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP988
=082  04$a620.1/99$223
=100  1\$aSpindel, Saul, $eauthor.
=245  10$aSealants / $cSaul Spindel.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12245M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12245M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSEALANTS ARE PRODUCTS INSTALLED INTO AN opening to prevent the intrusion of air, water, dust, heat, cold, and other materials such as gases, e.g., radon. The liquid-applied sealant is installed into the opening by gun or knife. It is then expected to function even though the space (joint) it occupies is stressed because of movement of the joint to which the sealant is applied due to expansion and/or contraction due to temperature changes, thereby placing significant strain upon the adhesive forces that bond the sealant to the substrate to which it is attached. The sealant is also expected to function regardless of whether it is applied to a horizontal opening or a vertical one or whether it is applied to a building facade subject to rapid expansion and contraction or to a plaza or deck where it is subject to puncture by spiked heels. The opening, or gap, into which a liquid-applied sealant is installed is usually called a joint. The sides of the joint (substrates) may be made of similar or dissimilar materials, generally varying in width from 0.250 to 2.00 in. (0.64 to 5.08 cm) with the depth of the installed sealant usually about one half the width. When required, sealant backing (preformed joint fillers) made of materials such as open or closed cell rubber or polyurethane foam are installed to control the joint depth. Primers are sometimes used to improve adhesion of the sealant to the substrate. Typical building materials that sealants are used with are glass, steel, concrete, mortar, granite, marble, aluminum, various painted or coated surfaces, or wood. When the sealant is installed into the joint, the surfaces the sealant contacts must be clean, dry, sound, and free of contaminants or loose particles to provide an opportunity for the sealant to perform as intended [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSealing compounds.
=650  \0$aSealants $xHistory.
=650  \0$aSealants.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12245M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12245M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP812
=082  04$a666/.427$223
=100  1\$aMills, George D., $eauthor.
=245  14$aThe Analysis of Coatings Failures / $cGeorge D. Mills.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12249M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12249M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE TESTING OF COATINGS ALWAYS HAS A RELAlationship to coating failures, either directly or indirectly. Testing before failure helps to ascertain serviceability, establish the best formulation variables, maintain quality assurance of coating products during manufacture, develop storage and application parameters, ensure specification viability, and, in essence, prevent early failure. Testing after failure assists in determining cause, hopefully prevents future coating failures of a similar nature, and aids in placing liability. Failure modes run the full gamut. Coating failure can originate from within, as with deficiencies in a coating's formulation or its manufacturer. Anomalies in the coating's film-forming chemistry from competing atmospheric side reactions are very common with some urethanes and epoxies. Failures can originate external to the coating material from improper specification, inappropriate or inadequate surface preparation, and application deficiencies. When a failure occurs and is investigated, the coatings practitioner must maintain an open mind. Often there are multiple causes impacting the failure. The analysis of coating failures should follow a systematic program based on the scientific method. Briefly this translates to (1) investigate, (2) hypothesize, (3) test, and (4) conclude or reconsider. Test programs after failure are often a part of the failure analysis process and have the purpose of establishing viability of a proposed failure mechanism. Designing the test and evaluation program requires knowledge of the total process from specification to paint manufacturing to paint application. In part, it requires knowledge of the laws of physics and chemistry that are controlling what is happening at interfaces. The coating system contains many types of interfaces including the substrate/coating interface, emulsion resin particle/carrier surfaces, inter-coat interfaces, and the interfaces between the pigments and binder in the coating formulation. The chemistry and physics of solutions controls apparent viscosity and can impact osmotic failure modes. Polymer curing and weathering reactions, corrosion, and dimensional stability after cure are just a few of the other sources of coating failures often reported. As a preliminary to designing test programs to determine failure modes, the investigator must appreciate not only the processes of surface preparations, cleaning, and pretreatments, but coating application techniques as well. He must be knowledgeable about the different types of coatings and their typical degradation and stabilization mechanisms.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGlazes.
=650  \0$aGlazuur (techniek)
=650  \0$aGlas.
=650  \0$aCoating.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12249M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12249M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170179
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12182M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12182M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA467
=082  04$a620.1122$223
=100  1\$aCarlozzo, Ben J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aBituminous Coatings / $cBen J. Carlozzo.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12182M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12182M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THE UNITED STATES, THE TERMS BITUMINOUS and asphaltic are often used interchangeably. In Europe, bitumen usually refers to the mixture of heavy hydrocarbons, free of inorganic impurities. Asphalt is often considered the impure form of the generic material [1]. For our purposes, the ASTM definitions will be used. ASTM Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing, Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials (D1079-09) [2] defines bitumen as either (1) a class of amorphous, black or dark colored, (solid, semi-solid, or viscous) cementitious substances, natural or manufactured, composed principally of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, soluble in carbon disulfide, and found in asphalts, tars, pitches and asphaltites; or, (2) a generic term used to denote any material composed principally of bitumen. Asphalt is similarly defined as a dark brown to black cementitious material in which the predominating constituents are bitumens which occur in nature or are obtained in petroleum processing. While the term has historically implied the natural deposits (the Trinidad Lake asphalts on the Island of Trinidad or the Bermudez Lake, Venezuela, asphalts), most asphalt used in the United States today for coatings applications is from petroleum processing [3].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=650  \0$aBituminous materials.
=650  \0$aCoal-tar.
=650  \0$aMetals $xDeterioration.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12182M.
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=100  1\$aWalker, Joseph, $eauthor.
=245  10$aWater-Resistance Testing of Coatings / $cJohn Fletcher, Joseph Walker.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12238M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12238M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the fourteenth edition were drawn upon. The authors acknowledge the author of the fourteenth edition, Wayne Ellis (Deceased). The current edition will review and update the topics as addressed by the previous author, introduce new technology that has been developed, and include up-to-date references. Other chapters in this manual cover the influence of water on the formulation and durability of organic coatings. Recent ASTM publications about the moisture effects in building materials are listed in the Bibliography at the end of this chapter. These publications describe moisture problems and solutions involving coatings and their uses. Although this chapter is intended to describe only the principal testing and evaluation of water resistance, some general remarks may be helpful in understanding the test conditions.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aCoatings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=700  1\$aFletcher, John, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12238M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12238M.htm

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=245  10$aMeasurement of Gonioapparent Colors / $cAllan B. J. Rodrigues.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHESE TERMS ARE SPECIFIC TO GONIOAPPARENT phenomena. The definitions below are from ASTM Standard E284 [1]. They are italicized when they first appear in this chapter. annular, adj  descriptor for directional illuminating (or viewing) geometry in which the illuminator provides radiation (or the receiver possesses responsivity) that is distributed continuously and uniformly throughout the 360 of azimuth of the measurement. (See also circumferential.) anormal, adj  of angles, measured with reference to the normal to the surface. (2008)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12207M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12207M.htm

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=100  1\$aKoleske, Joseph V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCan Coatings / $cJoseph V. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12242M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12242M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b16.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the fourteenth edition of this manual were drawn upon. The author acknowledges the author of the chapter in the fourteenth edition, Martin B. Price. The current edition will review and update the topics as addressed by the previous author, introduce new technology, and include up-to-date references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGlazes.
=650  \0$aGlazuur (techniek)
=650  \0$aGlas.
=650  \0$aCoating.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12242M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12242M.htm

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=100  1\$aGavett, Benjamin, $eauthor.
=245  10$aArtists' Paints / $cBenjamin Gavett.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12241M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12241M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAS COATINGS, ARTISTS' PAINTS ARE DECORATIVE in nature and are intended to endure for decades or centuries under conditions of indoor storage and display. Relative to other coatings, they are highly loaded, most often with a single pigment. Thickness of application ranges from transparent washes to thick, textural builds. Typical tools used include the airbrush, paintbrush, and palette knife, but paints are also often applied by other means, such as rags, sponges, or with the hands. They are often modified at the time of application to change sheen, texture, color, flow, or other characteristics. The substrate used is usually paper or a cotton or linen duck stretched over an open frame, but may be almost anything else, including solid or compressed wood panels, paperboard, metal, synthetic fabric, glass, figurines, clothing, or walls. Artists' paints are categorized according to their vehicle or binder. Most common are oil (alkali-refined linseed oil), acrylic (acrylic emulsion), and water color (gum arabic). Variations of these include several types of vegetable-based drying oils, such as cold-pressed linseed oil, safflower oil or stand oil, and acrylic emulsion copolymers. Other natural and synthetic materials that are in more limited current use are acrylic solutions, poly(vinyl acetate), casein, egg, wax, and various gums. Although an artist will use almost any paint, those formulated for such use are expected, above all else, to be as permanent as possible. However, paint is only one element in the process of manipulating materials to transform vision and ideas into art. Stability of the finished work is a function not only of the paint used, but also of application technique, substrate, age, storage, handling, and ambient environmental conditions.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPaint.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12241M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12241M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRB152.7
=082  04$a616.047$223
=100  1\$aYuhas, Stephen A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aSolvents / $cStephen A. Yuhas, Rey G. Montemayor.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (33 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12198M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12198M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b50.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSOLVENTS ARE SUBSTANCES, USUALLY LIQUIDS, which are capable of dissolving other substances to bring them into liquid form. In the paint and coating industry, solvents dissolve the solid or semisolid film-forming resins and reduce viscosity so that the paint can be applied as a uniform, thin film to a surface. Although solvents are transient components of a paint, they significantly affect not only the application characteristics of a paint, but also the appearance, physical properties, and durability of the coating. The two most important performance requirements that must be considered in selecting the proper solvent for any coating end use are solvency and evaporation rate. These key properties control initial paint viscosity during application, coating viscosity at various stages of drying, and final coating appearance. Solvents must evaporate relatively quickly during initial drying to prevent excessive flow and sag, but they must evaporate more slowly in the later stages to provide good leveling and adhesion. Solvency and evaporation rate are often measured indirectly since direct measurements are not always feasible or convenient. In addition, there are numerous other solvent properties that must be considered for specific applications. These are often listed as requirements in the solvent specifications and include measures of purity, uniformity, safety, and compliance with air pollution regulations. There are many different solvents used by the coatings industry. To facilitate their review and comparison, it is convenient to classify them chemically into three general categories: Hydrocarbon solvents, oxygenated solvents, and other solvents. Each category will be discussed separately in the sections that follow. Solvents may also be classified according to the function they perform: Active, latent, and diluent. An active solvent is a true solvent for the film-forming resin and has the major role in dissolving it. A latent solvent alone will not dissolve the resin, but behaves as an active solvent or has a synergistic effect when used in conjunction with an active solvent. A diluent usually has no solvency for the resin, but is tolerated by it in blends. Diluents are added to reduce cost and vehicle viscosity through dilution.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSolvents $xpoisoning.
=650  \0$aSolvents $xtoxicity.
=700  1\$aMontemayor, Rey G., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12198M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12198M.htm

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=050  \4$aND1505
=082  04$a751.4/26$223
=100  1\$aNungesser, Edwin, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAcrylic Polymers as Coatings Binders / $cJohn M. Friel, Edwin Nungesser.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12186M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12186M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b37.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aACRYLIC POLYMERS, WHICH ARE USED AS COAT-ings binders, are comprised chiefly of esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid that are polymerized by addition polymerization, usually using a free radical mechanism: Interest in acrylic technology dates back to the 1920s when Dr. Otto Rohm developed a practical process for making acrylate esters from ethylene. Shortly afterwards, his associate, Otto Haas, established the first commercial production of methyl and ethyl acrylate in the United States [1]. The first commercial use of an acrylic polymer was as an adhesive-like interlayer for laminated safety glass. Probably the highest profile use of an acrylic began in 1936 with the introduction of thermoplastic, transparent methacrylate sheet. With the advent of World War II, methacrylate sheet became invaluable as a tough, weather-resistant glazing material for military aircraft. Since it could be formed easily and had excellent optical properties, the transparent plastic was used for aircraft canopies, bomber noses, and gun turrets [2]. Acrylic technology soon expanded into the coatings industry in the form of acrylic solution polymers, followed later by acrylic emulsions. The acrylics gained widespread market acceptance as coatings binders due to such outstanding properties as color stability, transparency, and resistance to weathering and aging. The good weathering resistance of acrylic polymers is primarily due to their resistance to hydrolysis and their lack of absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light, the high-energy portion of the light spectrum most responsible for degradation. Acrylic solution polymers (often referred to as acrylic resins) are generally copolymers of acrylate and methacrylate esters prepared by direct solution polymerization in a solvent that has a solubility parameter similar to that of the polymer. Typical solvents include aromatics such as toluene and xylene, as well as ketones and esters. Acrylic resins are typically supplied at about 30 % to 50 % solids by weight, with viscosities ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand centipoise. In later years, 100 % solid-grade versions became popular since they reduced the cost and safety concerns associated with shipping resins containing high solvent levels. The coatings manufacturer is then able to dissolve the solid-grade acrylic in a wide range of solvents, thereby having greater control over the formulation ingredients.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAcrylic painting $xTechnique.
=700  1\$aFriel, John M., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12186M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12186M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aNA2750
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=100  1\$aRogers, Neal, $eauthor.
=245  10$aArchitectural Coatings / $cNeal Rogers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12240M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12240M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aARCHITECTURAL COATINGS ARE THE PAINTS AND coatings used to coat buildings and homes. Most are designated for specific uses such as roof coatings, wall paints, or deck finishes. No matter its use, each architectural coating must provide certain decorative, durable, and protective functions. Different test protocols may be applied in the evaluation of an architectural coating depending on its intended end-use. For the purpose of this testing manual, the definition of the term Architectural Coating is most distinctly stated by standards ASTM D5146-10 and D5324-10 [1]. These two standards share the following definition of architectural coatings: Organic coatings intended for on-site application to interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protective and decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Although factory-applied coatings for building products such as vinyl siding or aluminum window frames may ultimately be used for architectural end-uses, these coatings will not generally follow all of the testing schemes described herein.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aARCHITECTURE $xReference. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aARCHITECTURE $xProfessional Practice. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aArchitectural design.
=650  \0$aArchitectural design $xStudy and teaching.
=650  \7$aARCHITECTURE $xReference. $2bisasch.
=650  \7$aARCHITECTURE $xProfessional Practice. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12240M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12240M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD281.P6
=082  04$a668.4/236$223
=100  1\$aKoleske, Joseph V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aVinyl Polymers for Coatings / $cJoseph V. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12195M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12195M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the 14th edition of this manual were drawn upon. The author acknowledges the author of the chapter in the 14th edition, Richard J. Burns. The current edition will review, alter, and update the topics as addressed by the previous author and ensure that any ASTM documents cited are current.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVinyl polymers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPolymerization.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12195M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12195M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC718.4
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=100  1\$aCarlozzo, Ben J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDensity and Specific Gravity / $cRaymond D. Brockhaus, Ben J. Carlozzo.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12214M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b26.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMATERIALS ARE EXCHANGED FOR AN AGREED upon value based upon a cost per unit material. The unit of material is in terms of what the user wants to do with the material expressed in physically measurable units such as volume or weight. The customer does not want to be shorted, and the provider does not want to give away material. Accurate measurements are expected to keep both parties happy. When a customer wants a gallon of paint, the manufacturer blends the component materials together by weight and fills out by weight. Balances are easy devices to place and use with filling lines. Delivery of constant volumes, on the other hand, is not an easy task, as will be explained later. Measurement of the weight of a known volume of the paint generates a relationship defined as density. With this relationship, the producer can fill by weight and then sell to the customer on a by-volume basis. The customer wants volume; the producer wants to work in weights. The relationshipdensityenables the transformation to make life easier for both groups.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlasma density.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xMechanics $vGeneral. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aEnergy level densities.
=700  1\$aBrockhaus, Raymond D., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12214M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12214M.htm

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=100  1\$aMills, George, $eauthor.
=245  10$aUnderstanding Osmotic Activity in Paint Films and Determining Cause by Systematic Analysis of Blister Fluids and Blistered Coatings / $cGeorge Mills.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12231M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA PROBLEM OFTEN OBSERVED WITH PAINT FILMS is the development of domed blisters. Usually these bubbles in the paint film are the result of osmotic activity. Understanding the osmotic process will be very helpful in the investigation of the cause(s) or driving force with this mode of paint failure. Osmotic blisters may develop between the primer paint and base substrate, between coats of applied paints, or within the matrix of a single layer of the composite (single or multi-coat) paint film. Although in most cases the blisters are easily seen, it is possible to experience osmotic activity under paint films when a domed blister is not elevated enough to be visible. When this occurs on a steel substrate, typically, corrosion will develop under the film. The osmotic process may be represented by the following graphic. It is most important to appreciate that potential solvent molecules will migrate through the paint film one molecule at a time. One will remember that a collection of single, individual molecules is defined as a gas. For this reason, osmosis follows, and is controlled by, the general gas laws. A common definition of osmotic activity in paint films describes the migration of solvent molecules through the film and dissolving one or more solutes forming the blister fluid solution. This process then continues in an effort to dilute the blister fluid solution to the point that it has the same concentration (actually, same vapor pressure) as the outer contact solvent liquid. It is this differential in vapor pressures that drive the osmotic activity. Osmosis involves a semi-permeable membrane (as with a paint film), a solvent, and one or more solutes. To understand the potential interventions and investigation of the driving forces, knowledge of the basics of osmosis are extremely useful. Within this chapter we will review the chemistry and physics controlling the osmotic phenomena and present the analytical techniques that will allow one to determine the source, or driving force, of the osmotic activity. After determining the driving force one then has the ability to modify the paint formulation, application procedures, surface preparation, or service restrictions if any of these are shown to be the cause (source). If a coating failure has occurred one may determine where the liabilities lie as well as the extent of remediation that will be required to allow a true long-term fix of the problem. Problems associated with faulty application such as improper surface preparation are frequently claimed as the culprit. But, the inclusion of a water soluble thinner or chemical reaction under, or within, the coating matrix that produce water soluble materials are possible. Examples of some of these will be discussed later. Other potential sources of osmotic problems include deficiencies in the paint specification and unanticipated service conditions. Paint formulations that include pigments, resins, or additives that are soluble, or convert to a form that is soluble in service, can cause osmotic problems. On rare occasions manufacturing anomalies may lead to osmotic activity.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aART $xHistory $vGeneral. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPainting, Modern $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aArtists' materials.
=650  \0$aPaint.
=650  \0$aPainting, Modern.
=650  \0$aPainting, Modern $xConservation and restoration.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12231M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12231M.htm

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=050  \4$aRA418.3.U6
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=100  1\$aMiranda, Thomas J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCure : $bThe Process and Its Measurement / $cThomas J. Miranda.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b30.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAMONG THE MOST CRITICAL AND OFTEN MIS-understood properties of a coating are cure and the measurement of cure. If ASTM standard technology [1] is examined, one will find no listing for the word cure. Cure is something that can have different meanings for different people. In the coating and paint field of study, cure is usually thought of as the chemical reaction between functional groups that results in cross-linking of a system by one or more of a variety of schemes including polymerization of monomers, rearrangement, condensation or elimination, reaction with adventitious moisture or oxygen, as well as others. However, the word can be taken to mean much more and should include the drying of a lacquer as when thermoplastic coatings are applied, the solidification and/or crystallization of polyolefins or other hot-melt applied coatings, the drying of latexes or emulsions that can form films through the high-pressure compacting forces of surface tension, as well as of other ways of forming a coherent, useful thin film with good mechanical, electrical, or other properties. This chapter will mainly be concerned with cross-linked systems and cure will be taken to mean reactions that result in a thermoset or network-formed coating [2], unless otherwise indicated. The desired and often optimum chemical and physical properties of a coating are dependent on proper curing conditionstime, temperature, and humidity. For example, if a thermosetable, acrylic polymer-based lacquer is applied to a substrate and solvent is allowed to evaporate under ambient conditions, the resulting film might have cracks, low gloss, and be hard and brittle. Yet, the same system could result in a coherent, useful film if the solvent were evaporated under controlled temperatures for specific times. The film might still be brittle and have poor chemical resistance, but such factors may not be important in certain instances. However, strength properties will be markedly improved as a cross-linking agent is added, and the system is allowed to react under proper temperature conditions for an appropriate length of time. The resulting coating will be glossy, hard, tough, and chemical resistant. The time and temperature relationship and the interaction of these parameters has been reported by Neag and Prime [3] in the case of powder coating cure.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHealth status indicators $zUnited States $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aSocial indicators $zUnited States $xMeasurement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12219M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12219M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP247.7
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=100  1\$aTan, Peter, $eauthor.
=245  10$aPlasticizers / $cPeter Tan, Leonard G. Krauskopf.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPAINT AND COATING FORMULATIONS OFTEN incorporate high boiling fluids as plasticizers where rigid or brittle resins fail to meet toughness and flexibility requirements. The primary function of the plasticizer is to impart flexibility to the resin, thus minimizing film cracking. Depending on resin and other ingredients used in the system, plasticizer choice may affect compatibility, toughness, flammability, smoke generation, heat and light stability, and other aging or permanence-related performances. Plasticizers are primarily employed in heavy gage coatings and/or when improved toughness is required for industrial, automotive, and appliance applications. Plasticizers function by reducing the glass transition temperature of the resin to a point below its application temperature. The chemical mechanism of plasticization involves a strong polar association of polymer-plasticizer molecules, but not a chemical reaction between them. Plasticizers fundamentally reduce van der Waals forces between polymer-polymer molecules in the amorphous regions and do not penetrate crystallites [13]. The plasticized morphological phase is then of a different nature than that of the neat polymer and has unique mechanical properties. The absence of a chemical bond between the plasticizer and the polymer impairs permanence; plasticizer molecules are free to leave the polymeric coating by means of extraction and volatility. Plasticizer loss, however, is minimal in most applications except for very low molecular weight plasticizers and/or exposure to very severe thermal conditions. Thus, plasticized coatings products have high durability and long service life in most applications. Plasticizers are liquids of molecular weight greater than that of solventsto limit volatilitybut are not solids, such as alloying polymers, etc. It should be noted that cross-linked resinous coatings significantly reduce plasticizer loss due to diffusibility and volatility. Several thousand high boiling fluids are potential plasticizers for coatings applications. The choice of plasticizer is dependent on compatibility with the resin in use, cost, and other desired attributes. Plasticizers may be classified by both chemical structure and performance characteristics, as shown in Table 1 [4]. Typical plasticizers are liquid esters of molecular weight between about 200 to 800, with specific gravities between 0.75 and 1.35 at 20/20C, viscosities between 50 to 450 cSt, vapor pressure of less than 3.0 mm of mercury at 200C, and flash points greater than 120C (248F). They are generally stable and innocuous and should not be considered a significant threat to humans or the environment [5,6]. Plasticizer extenders are commonly used in extruded or molded flexible plastic shapes. Extenders are low-cost organic oils that may be subdivided as groups of aliphatic, aromatic, or chlorinated hydrocarbons. They are seldom used in coatings due to their relatively high volatility and limited compatibility in polar resins. This chapter lists the basic properties of plasticizers and methods for their determination. Methods for the isolation, identification, and quantitative determinations of these plasticizers are also included.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlasticizers $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aPlasticizers.
=700  1\$aKrauskopf, Leonard G., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12197M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12197M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQH212.E4
=082  04$a570.28/25$223
=100  1\$aSheehan, John G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aElectron Microscopy Overview with Coating Applications / $cDavid R. Rothbard, John G. Sheehan.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12252M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b49.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aELECTRON MICROSCOPES ARE FREQUENTLY USED in the analysis of coatings and their components because of their high resolution and multifunctional capabilities. The two common types are the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the transmission electron microscope (TEM). In various operating modes and with specialized detectors, these instruments can be used to examine surface texture and internal structure, determine particle size and shape, provide elemental analysis, and reveal crystallographic orientation and identity. The resolving power of electron microscopes is orders of magnitude greater than that of light-optical microscopes, partly due to the shorter electromagnetic wavelength (higher energy) of electron illumination. Modern SEMs with field-emission electron guns have the ability to resolve better than 1 nm between objects and commercial TEMs can resolve better than 0.2 nm. However, the actual resolution obtained is highly dependent on the nature and preparation of the sample. Contrast develops in SEM by electrons emitted at or near the surfaces of bulk specimens and, therefore, topography and composition are examined. Contrast develops in TEM by electrons transmitted through thin specimens and, therefore, variations in structure and composition are examined. Due to the improved resolution of modern SEMs, TEMs are no longer needed to see coating components 50 nm or smaller. In this chapter, SEM will receive more attention than TEM for this reason, along with its greater availability and documented coatings applications. Types of signals generated in a sample by a vertically incident electron beam are illustrated in Fig. 1. An SEM typically has detectors for secondary electrons (SEs), back-scattered electrons (BSEs), and X rays positioned above the surface of bulk specimens. The TEM collects elastically and inelastically scattered electrons, and sometimes X rays from thin (ca. 100 nm) specimens. Hybrid TEMs have some SEM capabilities. They may collect BSEs and SEs from the incident-beam side of thin specimens, a variety of transmitted electron signals from the opposite side of the sample, and X rays from both sides. These are known as scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs) or analytical electron microscopes. Their greatest strength is their ability to focus a fine electron probe on very thin samples, achieving high spatial resolution in elemental and structural analysis.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElectron microscopy.
=650  \0$aHyperspace.
=650  \0$aSpace and time.
=650  \0$aThree-dimensional imaging.
=700  1\$aRothbard, David R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12252M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12252M.htm

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=100  1\$aStesikova, Elvira, $eauthor.
=245  10$aSurfactants / $cElvira Stesikova, Heinz Plaumann.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12211M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12211M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b47.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS OR SURFACTANTS represent a diverse spectrum of chemical compounds capable of modifying interfacial interactions by means of adsorption at interfaces. Since an interface is created when any two phases of immiscible components are present, it is virtually impossible to exclude or ignore interfacial aspects from any practical application. Coatings are no exception, but rather a unique expression of various surface phenomena governing the entire application. The advent of waterborne and water-based technologies produced more environmentally benign paint formulations, but brought along new technological challenges that did not exist in solvent-based paints. Considering that typical water-based paint consists of an emulsified binder and dispersed pigments, the complexity of paint formulations is caused not only by their multi-component composition but also their multiphase nature and inherent thermodynamic instability. In such complex systems, surfactants play an extremely important role, since they represent additives that facilitate dispersion, provide much desired shelf stability, and destabilize foam. Moreover, surfactants are used in coatings as wetting, coalescent and pigment dispersant agents to aid coating application, film formation and color development. In addition to the challenges provided by thermodynamic instability of paint systems and kinetics of their phase separation, environmental laws and regulations introduced new standards and additional requirements that will continue to have significant impact on the coating industry. Among many actions taken by state and federal legislative parties, the Clean Air Act of 1970 defines volatile organic contents (VOCs) and stipulates its permissible limits. In addition to the body of federal regulations, an increased consumers' awareness instigated new market initiatives that drive towards alkyl phenol ethoxylate (APEO), free consumer products. All these provide rather stringent guidelines to paint formulators with regard to the selection of dispersing media and functional additives, including surfactants.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSurface active agents.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSurface chemistry.
=650  \0$aSurfactants.
=700  1\$aPlaumann, Heinz, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12211M.
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=100  1\$aLitton, Ronald K., $eauthor.
=245  10$aRegulation of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Paints and Coatings / $cJ. John Brezinski, Ronald K. Litton.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPRIOR TO THE 1960s, THE COATINGS INDUSTRY enjoyed a somewhat predictable regulatory and economic environment. The paint formulator selected solvents based on evaporation rate, solubility parameter, density, flammability, and, of course, cost. There was no apparent need to consider the relative photochemical reactivity of these materials, nor was there any appreciable incentive to reduce the solvent content of commercially acceptable coatings. It was recognized that objectionable odors were released from some paints and coatings. Further, air emissions resulting from the evaporation of solvents during high-temperature processing of oils and resins caused occasional complaints from persons living near the coatings plant. The prevailing view of this period was summarized by Francis Scofield in his article in the 13th edition of the Paint Testing Manual entitled Atmospheric Pollutants [1]. These nuisance types of pollution are a continuing problem but, in general, can be dealt with by dilution and dispersion of the objectionable materials to bring the concentration below a level that can be detected by the neighboring citizenry. Fortunately, most of the materials used by the paint industry are not toxic at concentrations significantly below the range at which they can be detected by the human nose, and sophisticated analytical procedures are rarely needed to deal with these nuisance problems. Since the 1960s, societal concern about health and the environment has increased appreciably. Actions taken by federal and state legislative bodies have resulted in a steady avalanche of new laws and associated regulations that affect virtually all of the chemical industry. Some of the federal laws administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that impact the coatings industry are shown in Table 1. They are designed to control the emission of pollutants to air, to water, and to soil. In addition, among the new federal standards administered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration are those that require manufacturersincluding those making paints and coatingsto evaluate the hazards of products they make and to provide appropriate safety information to employees and users through the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and product labels:  Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), 1983  Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, 1990 The discussion in this section will focus on the Clean Air Act and its amendments that, in the authors' opinions, have had (and will continue to have) the greatest impact on coatings. However, it should be noted that regulatory activities in specific regions of the United States (for example, the state of California and the Ozone Transportation Commissionthat includes 12 states in the U.S. Northeast plus the District of Columbia) have resulted in the development of VOC emissions rulings (see section on Other Important U.S. Regulatory Activities), which are more stringent than those enacted through EPA. In addition, other regions of the world are developing or have already enacted regulations addressing the emissions of volatile organic compounds.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoatings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $x Chemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPaint.
=700  1\$aBrezinski, J. John, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12181M.
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=100  1\$aMarcus, Robert T., $eauthor.
=245  10$aColor and Light / $cRobert T. Marcus.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b65.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the fourteenth edition were drawn upon. The author acknowledges the authors of the fourteenth edition, Fred W. Billmeyer Jr. and Harry K. Hammond III. The current edition will review and update the topics as addressed by the previous authors, introduce new technology that has been developed, and include up-to-date references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
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=050  \4$aPN1995.9.F54
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=100  1\$aWalker, Joseph, $eauthor.
=245  10$aMeasurement of Film Thickness / $cJohn Fletcher, Joseph Walker.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12221M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12221M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the 14th edition were drawn upon. The current edition will review and update the topics, introduce new technology that has been developed, and include up-to-date references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFilm noir.
=650  \0$aFilm noir $zzUnited States $xHistory and criticism.
=700  1\$aFletcher, John, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12221M.
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=100  1\$aKigle-Bckler, Gabriele, $eauthor.
=245  10$aGloss / $cGabriele Kigle-Bckler, Harry K. Hammond.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12224M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b31.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE APPEARANCE OF THE SURFACE OF AN OBJECT or material can be described by its color and gloss characteristics. Like color, gloss can be subdivided into several aspects depending on viewing conditions. In 1937, Hunter identified five aspects of gloss [1] and the functions of reflectance by which they could be evaluated. Later studies by Lex [2] expanded Hunter's gloss terms and divided them into two groups. One group is based on visual observation with the eye focused on the surface of the material (Fig. 1). For the other group, the eye is focused on the image of the object reflected by the material (Fig. 2). However, investigations have shown that no single objective measurement of gloss will provide perfect correlation with the integrated subjective appraisal of glossiness that the eye so quickly renders. For this reason, the gloss evaluation requirement of an object or material should first be examined and the most useful gloss measurement aspects then selected.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aHammond, Harry K., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12224M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12224M.htm

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=100  1\$aKoleske, Joseph V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDrying Oils / $cJoseph V. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12184M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12184M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b44.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aNOTE: IT MUST BE POINTED OUT THAT FROM AN ASTM standpoint, this chapter is mainly included for historical purposes. In general, ASTM no longer deals with the standard test methods and specifications for drying oils in paints and coatings. This activity is dealt with by the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) with research and technology in the area reported in the Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. Since the ASTM documents listed in the previous edition of this manual are found in the technical literature, this chapter provides a route to the past, some information about recent activities in the area, and information about AOCS's current role. As indicated, many of the ASTM documents listed in the previous edition of this chapter are no longer available from ASTM. Those applicable ASTM standards that can be downloaded from ASTM are so indicated. A listing of some AOCS documents that refer to drying oils can be found in Table 5. Drying oils represent a small portion of the huge fats and oils industry. Soybeans are the largest oilseed crop with a U.S. farm value of about $12.5 billion in 2000/2001. This oil accounts for about 90 % of U.S. oilseed production with the remainder comprised of oils such as cottonseed, sunflower seed, flaxseed, canola, linseed, and other oils. Argentina and Brazil are also important soybean growers and processors. Drying oils are included in the oilseed category. In regard to coatings, the industry is very mature with relatively little growth expected. The paint and coating industry's need for drying oils is in an overall decline along with other end use markets, such as binders for hardboard, sealants, plasticizers, linoleum, and core oils. Drying oils used in paints and coatings are being replaced with oil-free, synthetic, petroleum-derived oligomeric and polymeric binders carried in a variety of media or in a neat manner. The printing ink market is the only one expected to have small growth in the area of drying oils. However, because drying oils have certain desirable attributes and represent a readily available renewable resource, interest is being renewed in certain oils through sponsorship by interested organizations and through new opportunities for modified vegetable oils. In the United States, the United Soybean Board is funding research dealing with catalysts for radiation curing of epoxidized soybean oil at Bowling Green State University's Center for Photochemical Sciences [1,2]. Other investigators are studying the use of soybean oil modifications in water-borne paints, high solids coatings, and inks [3]. In Malaysia, where palm oil is readily available, research is being conducted at the School of Industrial Technology at Universiti Sains Malaysis on epoxidized and acrylated derivatives of palm oil [4,5]. Again, the studies deal with using the products in the rapidly growing radiation curing market [6]. Oilseed Growers LLC has members who have commercially produced carambe oil in the United States since 1996 [7]. This oil is rich in mono unsaturated erucic acid, and it is used as a food emulsifier, as an ingredient in industrial slip agents, pour point depressants, lubricants, hair care, textile softening, and other end uses.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVarnish and varnishing.
=650  \0$aDrying oils.
=650  \0$aThinner (Paint mixing)
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12184M.
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=100  1\$aWoodward, Janet H., $eauthor.
=245  10$aBactericides, Fungicides, and Algicides / $cJanet H. Woodward.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b23.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMANY BACTERIA, FUNGI, AND ALGAE CAN CAUSE problems in the paint and coatings industry. These problems arise during manufacturing, in-can, and post application. To minimize or prevent the growth of these microorganisms, the appropriate microbicide (algicide, bactericide, and fungicide) must be effectively applied. Generally, the microbicides are divided into two general categories: Those used for in-can preservation and those used for dry-film preservation. Knowing the groups of organisms against which a microbicide will target is very important in selecting the best chemical to use. The organisms involved are discussed in more detail elsewhere in this manual.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aInsecticides $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFungicides $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aBactericides $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aRodenticides $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aHerbicides $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12210M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12210M.htm

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=100  1\$aWalker, Joseph, $eauthor.
=245  10$aFlexibility and Toughness / $cJohn Fletcher, Joseph Walker.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12230M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12230M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONtents of the fourteenth edition were extensively drawn upon. The authors acknowledge the author of the fourteenth edition, Mark P. Morse. The current edition will review and update the topics as addressed by the previous author, introduce new technology that has been developed, and include up-to-date references. This chapter is an abridged and modified version of the chapter entitled Flexibility, written by Garmond G. Schurr, found in earlier editions of this manual.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSOCIAL SCIENCE / Discrimination & Race Relations. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aSOCIAL SCIENCE / Minority Studies. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aJews $xIdentity.
=650  \0$aJewish criminals.
=650  \0$aToughness (Personality trait)
=650  \7$aSOCIAL SCIENCE / Discrimination & Race Relations. $2bisasch.
=650  \7$aSOCIAL SCIENCE / Minority Studies. $2bisasch.
=700  1\$aFletcher, John, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12230M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12230M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP910
=082  04$a667/.2$223
=100  1\$aSpinelli, Frank R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aBlack Pigments / $cFrank R. Spinelli.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12200M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12200M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBLACK PIGMENTS FALL INTO THREE CLASSES [1] as described in Table 1. The first two classes derive their color characteristics from the element carbon, the third class from ferrous oxide, Fe3O4. Class 1 blacks are carbon blacks that are composed of 90 % or more elemental carbon. Class 2 blacks may be referred to as carbonaceous pigments and these contain from 8 % to 88 % elemental carbon.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDyes and dyeing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12200M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12200M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA459
=082  04$a620.1623$223
=100  1\$aTator, Kenneth B., $eauthor.
=245  10$aTypes of Metal Corrosion and Means of Corrosion Protective by Overlayers / $cKenneth B. Tator, Cynthia L. O'Malley.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12235M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12235M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b58.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER WILL PROVIDE A GENERAL OVERview of the cause of metal corrosion, and its prevention by the use of protective coatings, or overlayers. It must be understood, however, that a thorough discussion of corrosion and corrosion mechanisms can extend far beyond the summaries provided in this chapter. In fact, there are numerous books written solely on corrosion, manifestation of the different types of corrosions, and the reasons why such corrosion occurs. Similarly, the use of protective overlayers over a metal to prevent corrosion is likewise a quite varied and extensive topic. The literal interpretation of the word overlayers, as used herein, means anything applied, or overlaid on a metal to prevent, retard, or reduce corrosion. This would include monomolecular layers of gasses, oxides, or other materials that may slow or stop the corrosion process under very specific conditions. Moreover, it includes all of the possible metals and organics that can be applied to a surface. Some of the more common overlayers will be discussed herein.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=650  \0$aAlloys $xCorrosion.
=700  1\$aO'Malley, Cynthia L., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12235M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12235M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170179
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=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC173.4.P65
=082  04$a530.4/13$223
=100  1\$aSchmitt, Thomas M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMethods for Polymer Molecular Weight Measurement / $cThomas M. Schmitt.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12254M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12254M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE BINDERS USED IN COMMERCIAL COATINGS are organic polymers, the molecular weights of which greatly influence the properties of the final coating [1]. As a necessary result of the manufacturing processes, synthetic polymers are mixtures of compounds of similar molecular structure but varying molecular weight. For an exact understanding of the system, one must know the molecular weight and weight (or mole) fraction of each species, in other words, the molecular weight distribution. For many practical purposes, an average value of molecular weight suffices. The final cured paint film is a cross-linked system resembling a single massive molecule, where the concept of molecular weight has little meaning. Molecular weight determination is thus applied only to coating formulation ingredients. Many procedures have been used to determine molecular weight. We limit our discussion to the most practical methods, for which commercial instrumentation is available at reasonable price. Archaic methods and research methods are omitted, as are those techniques which are suitable for determination only of low molecular weight compounds.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xPhysics $xPolymer. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPolymers.
=650  \0$aChromogenic compounds.
=650  \0$aThermochromism.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xPhysics $xPolymer. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12254M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12254M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.P5
=082  04$a668.4/23$223
=100  1\$aPrice, Latoska N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChemical Resistance / $cLatoska N. Price.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12237M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12237M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE ABILITY OF A COATING TO RESIST CHEMICAL deterioration or staining is an essential element in its evaluation [1]. Aesthetics play a key role in the decoration of a coated object. Certainly more purchasers of coated products are moved initially by appearance than by price. It has been said that a coating is a complex material that is often a component of a coatings system, which in turn provides added value to a final product.2 What follows is a review of established test procedures with various levels of complexity and equipment sophistication that provide standardized tools for evaluation of potential flaws such as discoloration, softening, swelling, adhesion loss, gloss reduction, and pitting of the paint finish. Some methods include visual standards such as those for blister size and density or for corrosion which offer a common ground for communication or performance properties between the manufacturer and the end user of a coating. Other tests are less definitive, and while they can give insight as to how the paint may function during service, they do not necessarily correlate precisely with real life conditions. Yet, since these tests are to function in lieu of actual field exposure to predict ultimate performance, it is crucial that accelerated or simplified test parameters reproduce both the chemical as well as the physical effects of field exposure.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermoplastics $xStress corrosion $xTables.
=650  \0$aElastomers $xChemical resistance $xTables.
=650  \0$aElastomers $xStress corrosion $xTables.
=650  \0$aRubber $xChemical resistance $xTables.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12237M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12237M.htm

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=008  170503c2012||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803188914 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170179
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12199M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12199M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936
=082  04$a667.29$223
=100  1\$aBraun, Juergen H., $eauthor.
=245  10$aWhite Pigments / $cJuergen H. Braun.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12199M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12199M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aALMOST EVERYTHING MANMADE THAT IS WHITE or light in color contains white pigment in its surface: houses inside and outside, industrial articles, plastics, glazes, rubber, printed surfaces, many paper products, and even some foods. Only papers and textiles can be white without pigment. Virtually all this whiteness and lightness is supplied by titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments. Void pigments make a minor contribution. The classic white pigmentslithopone, zinc sulfide, and the white leadshave essentially disappeared from commerce because TiO2 pigments perform much better, are much cheaper, and are nontoxic. Zinc oxide is still added to some paints as a mildewstat, but not for use as a white pigment. TiO2 pigments are manufactured by a major, globally distributed industry. Its products are sold for many applications; however, more than half of all white pigment goes into paints. In many coatings, white pigment is the single most expensive ingredient. To select the right pigment grade and use it well is an important challenge to the paint manufacturer. This chapter will familiarize coating manufacturers with white pigments and help them understand their options for selection, utilization, and testing. Toward this objective, I will first outline the commerce and manufacture of white pigments and then discuss their function, the substances that serve this function, and the commodities available. I will distinguish between product characteristics that describe the pigment itself and product performance, which are properties of paint films, that is, systems composed of pigment and binder.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12199M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12199M.htm

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=008  170503c2012||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803188914 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170179
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12255M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12255M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD96.U4
=082  04$a535.844$223
=100  1\$aMills, George D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aUltraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy / $cGeorge D. Mills.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12255M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12255M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP presence in organic paint and coating materials, typically, are determined using infrared spectroscopy. Evaluating the electronic structure of the binders such as the degree of conjugated double or triple bonds and degree of aromaticity may be evaluated using the more energetic ultraviolet (UV)/visible (VIS) spectroscopy. Dyes, some colorants, and aromatic solvents may be evaluated as well. UV/VIS radiation energizes the electrons within the molecule while infrared radiation causes physical movement of portions of the molecular structure. The use of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) for the analysis of paints and coatings is best addressed by looking at the way this energy source is absorbed by the system under investigation. Most EMR analytical techniques, and the instruments used to affect the measurement, will place the sample of known thickness in the beam of the light. The objective in this case is to determine the difference in the strength of the light beam before it enters the sample and the strength after emerging from the sample. This energy difference at a particular wavelength (energy) provides information about the absorbing species' concentration and/or chemical makeup. With some recent technology, the emerging beam may be reflected from a surface. There are many sophisticated instruments that use EMR, and they operate from the lowest energy bands in microwaves to the highest energy ?-rays. The region of the spectrum most commonly used in the paint laboratory lies within the infrared and UV bands. The instrumentation operative in this region can be relatively low cost, and the information that can be obtained about concentration and molecular structure, often, is very useful.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xPhysics $xOptics & Light. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aUltraviolet spectroscopy.
=650  \0$aFree electron lasers.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xPhysics $xOptics & Light. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12255M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12255M.htm

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=008  170503c2012||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803188914 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170179
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12188M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12188M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aSF414
=082  04$a363.192$223
=100  1\$aJacobs, William, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAmino Resins (Reaction Products of Melamine, Urea, etc., with Formaldehyde and Alcohols) / $cWilliam Jacobs.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12188M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12188M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b48.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the 14th edition of this manual were drawn upon. The author acknowledges the author of the chapter in the 14th edition, J. Owen Santer. The current edition will review and update the topics as addressed by the previous author, introduce new technology, and include up-to-date references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aHISTORY $xSocial History. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aMelamine $xToxicology $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aMelamine $xToxicology $zChina.
=650  \7$aHISTORY $xSocial History. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12188M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12188M.htm

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=100  1\$aSnider, A. Monroe, $eauthor.
=245  10$aX-Ray Analysis / $cA. Monroe Snider.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12256M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12256M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b52.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aX-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) AND X-RAY FLUOREScence spectrometry (XRFS) are powerful, well-established tools used by analytical chemists in many areas of technology. They have great utility in the coatings industry. In areas where they are applicable, they are frequently the quickest and easiest techniques available. XRD is convenient for the identification of diverse crystalline solids encountered in paint research laboratories and production plants. It is particularly well suited for use in the identification and quantitative analysis of crystalline pigments and extenders, either when they are alone or present in paste or paint. XRFS is useful as a stand-alone technique for elemental analysis and as a complementary tool for use with other analytical techniques. X-ray spectrometers typically can analyze all elements with an atomic number of about 11 (sodium) and higher, but some units can reach as low as atomic number 5 (boron). XRFS can span the concentration range from parts per million to high percentages for most elements in liquid or solid samples. Dedicated XRFS units, much lower in cost than scanning spectrometers, can be set up to detect and quantify one or a few specific elements. Portable XRFS units are available for field investigations. The present section summarizes the principles and methodology of XRD and XRFS.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aX RAY ANALYSIS. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aX-rays $xIndustrial applications $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aX-ray spectroscopy $xCongresses.
=650  \7$aX RAY ANALYSIS. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12256M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12256M.htm

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=050  \4$aPN1995.9.F54
=082  04$a791.43/655$223
=100  1\$aAthey, Robert D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aFilm Preparation for Coating Tests / $cRobert D. Athey.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 17 (January 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12220M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12220M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PERFORMANCE OF A COATING FILM IN A TEST is likely to be dependent on the physical form of the film. For instance, film thickness is an important factor in physical and appearance measurements (until the coating gets too thick), so there must be some control of the film thickness. Appearance is also related to how smooth the film surface is, and care to make the film appropriately will ensure that the appearance measurements are germane to the end use. The substrate used as the carrier for the test film, even temporarily, may affect the property measurements, as well. The primary concern in making films for tests is that the film prepared be homogeneous and consistent with previous or future films for the same test. The jargon of the trade calls the art of making films casting, but many film formation methods are used to form the film, and each method has its own set of advantages and drawbacks.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFilm noir.
=650  \7$aPERFORMING ARTS $xFilm & Video $x Reference. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aFilm noir $zzUnited States $xHistory and criticism.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12220M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12220M.htm

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=008  170503c1969||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.1/1/08$223
=100  1\$aSmith, G. V., $eauthor.
=245  13$aAn Evaluation of the Yield, Tensilde, Creep and Rupture Strengths of Wrought 304, 316, 321, and 347 Stainless Steels at Elevated Temperatures / $cG. V. Smith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1969.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (82 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1969, Issue DS5S2 (February 1969)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11909D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11909D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report offers evaluations of elevated temperature strength data for a number of wrought austenitic stainless steels, types 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, and 347. The data were previously published in ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 124, The Elevated Temperature Properties of Stainless Steels (1952), and in a supplement to that report, ASTM Data Series Publication DS5-S1 (1965). The evaluations have been made for the Metal Properties Council under a subcommittee, of which Dr. M. Semchyshen is Chairman. They seek to offer best current assessments of the various properties that commonly form the basis for the setting of allowable stresses, and are presented in a form readily usable by Code groups for such a purpose.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1969. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStainless steel $xTesting.
=650  \0$aStainless steel $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11909D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11909D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA425
=082  04$a624.1/83021873$223
=100  1\$aOberta, Andrew F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 5 Planning the Asbestos Abatement Project / $cAndrew F. Oberta.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (44 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 23 (March 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL232013000205
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL232013000205".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMost abatement projects are conducted in preparation for renovation or demolition, which are subject to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) requirement to thoroughly inspect the affected facility or part of the facility where the demolition or renovation operation will occur for the presence of asbestos  [1]. If a Baseline Survey has been conducted, the existence of asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) in the affected area will have been determined, or the survey may have been thorough enough to state with confidence that no ACMs are present in the locations where the renovation or demolition work will be done. Because a Baseline Survey does not include inspection of concealed spaces and is subject to other limitations discussed in Chapter 2, it is more likely that further investigation will be needed to satisfy the NESHAP thoroughly inspect requirement.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL232013000205.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL232013000205.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA425
=082  04$a624.1/83021873$223
=100  1\$aOberta, Andrew F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 2 Baseline Surveys for Asbestos-Containing Materials / $cAndrew F. Oberta.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (74 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 23 (March 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL232013000202
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL232013000202".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aManaging asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) requires finding out if there are any to be managed in a building or facility; obtaining that information is the subject of ASTM E2356 Standard Practice for Comprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys. The standard is comprehensive because it tells how to get the information needed to manage ACMs, whether they are left in place or taken out. Assessment of ACMs is the part of a survey that Appendix X2 of ASTM E2356 covers and Chapter 4 of this manual explains in detail. Throughout this manual, the phrase building or facility will frequently be used because not all ACMs are within a structure identifiable as a building and many facilities consist of more than one building.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL232013000202.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL232013000202.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA425
=082  04$a624.1/83021873$223
=100  1\$aOberta, Andrew F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 8 Asbestos-Cement Products / $cAndrew F. Oberta.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 23 (March 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL232013000208
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL232013000208".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWhy devote a separate chapter to a specific type of asbestos-containing materials? Why was ASTM E2394 Standard Practice for Maintenance, Renovation and Repair of Installed Asbestos Cement Products written for these materials? Because asbestos-cement has been one of major uses of asbestos fiber worldwide and remains a global market for nearly all of the fiber still produced. Its health effects will haunt mankind for decades to come (see Chapter 1, The Foundations of Asbestos Management)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL232013000208.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL232013000208.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA425
=082  04$a624.1/83021873$223
=100  1\$aOberta, Andrew F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 4 Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Materials / $cAndrew F. Oberta.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (50 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 23 (March 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL232013000204
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL232013000204".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOne important part of a Baseline Survey, which was covered in Chapter 2, is the assessment of the asbestos-containing materials (ACMs). Assessment is the process of evaluating the condition of the ACMs at the time of the survey and predicting what could happen to make the condition worse. This is done to answer the question: remove the ACM or manage it in place? Both approaches have important consequences including cost, and the results of the assessment allow the building owner to make informed asbestos management decisions.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL232013000204.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL232013000204.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170650 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170643
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL232013000207$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL232013000207$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA425
=082  04$a624.1/83021873$223
=100  1\$aOberta, Andrew F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 7 Abatement ProjectsVisual Inspections and Clearance / $cAndrew F. Oberta.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (56 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 23 (March 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL232013000207
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL232013000207".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe part of ASTM E1368 titled Completeness of Abatement requires two visual inspections at the conclusion of the project: the first for completeness of removal and the second for completeness of cleanup. The flow chart at the beginning of Chapter 6 (Fig. 6.1) shows how these inspections fit into the sequence of abatement activities. This chapter will focus on the time from final removal of ACMs and residue from abated surfaces and components through final air sampling and dismantling of critical barriers and decontamination facilities. For a large project involving multiple areas, these activities would be performed as work in each area was completed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL232013000207.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL232013000207.htm

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=100  1\$aFitzgerald, Sean M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3 Naturally Occurring Asbestos / $cSean M. Fitzgerald.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 23 (March 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL232013000203
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL232013000203".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aConcern for the potential to be exposed to asbestos from proximity of asbestos veins, surface occurrences, or contamination has grown in the public mind, with the awareness of the health effects of these fibrous minerals. The derivative use of asbestos as ingredients in building materials turned the science of asbestos back to its source. In trying to relate asbestos exposure, content, and health effect, the evolving science of asbestos epidemiology looked for health response in areas of highest potential exposure, in other words, where high levels of asbestos containing materials were used, for example, in shipbuilding or pipefitting, and near the actual sources of the minerals: asbestos mines and mills. Geologists and mineralogists have refined and relayed their understanding of precisely what asbestos is, and where it can be found in the earth naturally occurring..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL232013000203.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL232013000203.htm

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=100  1\$aOberta, Andrew F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1 The Foundations of Asbestos Management / $cAndrew F. Oberta.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 23 (March 2015)
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL232013000201".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAnyone who is not convinced of the harm and suffering that exposure to asbestos has caused should hear somebody describe their experience with an asbestos-related diseaseas a patient or their relative, as a physician, or as a caregiver. Their testimonials provide meaning to our work in asbestos control and remind us that the health effects of exposure to asbestos fibers are the underlying foundation of all that we do.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL232013000201.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL232013000201.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aOberta, Andrew F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 6 Abatement ProjectsRemoval of Asbestos-Containing Materials / $cAndrew F. Oberta.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (50 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 23 (March 2015)
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL232013000206".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 5 concluded with selection of the abatement contractor. Whether the work will be done by a contractor or an in-house abatement crew, the activities will proceed as described in this chapter and in Fig. 6.1.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aMasonry $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL232013000206.
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=050  \4$aTL272.53
=082  04$a629.28/26$223
=245  00$aChapter 4-A Review of Antilock Braking and Traction Control Systems.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 4 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10039M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10039M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHERE ARE TWO USUAL FORCE INPUTS to a motor vehicle: engine torque to provide acceleration (+X acceleration) and brake friction to provide deceleration (-X acceleration)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAutomotive computers.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xInstruments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10039M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10039M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 2-Geometric Conventions, The Physical Laws of Motion, Acceleration Models, and Numbering Systems.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 4 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10037M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10037M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAS WITH A DESCRIPTION OF ANY MECHANICAL SYSTEM, we must first define a standard set of parameters, coordinates, and terms of reference. Global vehicle position and velocity are described in terms of three global axes defined by two SAE standards. SAE J670e, Vehicle Dynamics Terminology (SAE 1976), defines vehicle direction, motion, and travel with respect to three global axes as shown in Fig. 2.1 (Fig. 2 from SAE J670e). These are signed axes (i.e., there is a + and - direction), and one has to carefully coordinate the SAE J670e arrowheads to + signs when formally discussing vehicle motion. In Fig. 2.1, the +X axis is the forward longitudinal direction, the +Y axis is the right side direction, and the +Z axis is the down direction. These signed axes are very precisely defined in SAE J211, Instrumentation for Impact Test (SAE 1988). For clarity, the axes are clearly signed and labeled in Fig. 2.2.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAutomotive computers.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xInstruments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10037M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10037M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a629.28/26$223
=245  00$aChapter 6-Using ECU Electronic Data to Derive Case-Specific Analyses.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (32 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 4 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10041M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10041M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aVEHICLE SAFETY AND RESTRAINT SYSTEMS design involves many compromises and tradeoffs to optimize the system performance required by federal safety standards. These standards apply to many different vehicles, each with unique readability and crush characteristics. Thus, for each vehicle, safety and system-initiation sensors and safety system actuators must be calibrated, or modulated, to operate in a beneficial manner. Simply put, this means that these systems must not operate too early or too late in a scenario requiring their actuation, and this applies to SRS, ABS, and TCS features. The overall record is very good, and a tabulation of lives-saved versus injury-induced data has already been shown in Fig. 3.1.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAutomotive computers.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xInstruments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10041M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10041M.htm

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=082  04$a629.28/26$223
=245  00$aChapter 3-A Review of Air Bag System Architecture, Components, and Stored Data.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 4 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10038M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10038M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN ITS REPORT OF January 2000, NHTSA Special Crash Investigations Unit (SCI) estimates that for the usage period from 1986 through January 1, 2000, air bags have saved 4301 driver lives and 764 passenger lives (NHTSA 2000). Along with this benefit, NHTSA/SCI estimates a subset of incidents where injuries, and even fatalities, were caused by air bags. NHTSA data show that there were 150 fatalities attributed to air bags in this period, broken down as 57 driver, 6 adult passenger, and 87 child fatalities. Figure 3.1 summarizes these data and provides a risk/benefit perspective showing that air bags are generally a positive safety measure.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAutomotive computers.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xInstruments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10038M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10038M.htm

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=050  \4$aTL272.53
=082  04$a629.28/26$223
=245  00$aChapter 7-The Future of Vehicle Black Box Data Storage.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 4 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10042M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10042M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aELECTRONICS CONTENT IN AUTOMOBILES are forecasted to have an economic growth rate of 8 to 9% (Rajan 1999; Fry, undated, Detroit News on the Web 1999). This increasing electronics content will unquestionably bring fundamental changes to vehicle electrical systems and to vehicle electronics function.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAutomotive computers.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xInstruments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10042M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10042M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 5-Finding Data in Post-Crash Vehicles and Deriving Useful Data Parameters.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 4 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10040M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10040M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWE HAVE ALREADY SEEN SEVERAL EXAMPLES of data download via on-vehicle diagnostic ports or individual ECU umbilicals. For some systems, after the scanner interface has connected via the specific network protocol, it is possible to download the entire EEPROM contents of a target ECU (given the right interrogation command codes). Such a download is shown in Fig. 3.18. In other systems, the target ECUs must be interrogated using an umbilical cable from the scanner directly to the ECU, or by inserting the ECU in a laboratory fixture. Such downloads are shown in Figs. 3.19 and 3.20.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAutomotive computers.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xInstruments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10040M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10040M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 1-Background and Evaluation of On-Board Vehicle Data, Diagnostics, and Communications Capabilities.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (29 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10036M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES WITHIN THE PAST 15 YEARS have allowed increasingly sophisticated nonvolatile electronic data storage capabilities on automobiles and trucks. This sophistication has come about because of a combination of governmental regulations requiring more precise control of emissions and safety systems, and the cost benefits and inherent precision available with the use of embedded microcomputer (integrated circuit) feedback systems to control formerly all-mechanical vehicle systems. For four decades before that era, all-mechanical systems were reasonably constant in concept and components. However, electronic feedback systems had the advantage of being self-calibrating and self-aligning over the same period of usage in which purely mechanical systems often wandered far out of acceptable tolerances and needed frequent tune-ups. In this new era, self-calibration was essential because federal emission standards mandated that the emissions portion of vehicle drive trains stay in calibration for 50 000 miles or more, and, if a miscalibration was detected, provide a warning indication (lamp) to the operator. The electronic systems made it easy to do that without frequent tune-ups, as well as having the inherent ability to incorporate programmable warning and alarm limits, depending on vehicle platform and regulation year. Early electronic systems required battery power to save continuing data such as hard and intermittent diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) and running calibration data. Yet, if battery power was lost, all prior saved DTCs and calibration data were lost. When that happened, any DTCs generated by an intermittent problem would not be detected until the vehicle was again run and the problem reoccurred. Additionally, for every battery power loss, engine systems had to recalibrate themselves and radio station settings had to be reprogrammed. Starting in the mid-1980s, a new technology was introduced into vehicle systems, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) (Kendall 1987). EEPROM, developed in the 1970s as an adjunct to microcomputer semiconductor memory development, is nonvolatile, which means that after data are written to it, the data are retained even when its power source is disconnected. This technology avoided engine recalibration cycles and lost radio station settings when a battery was changed. The first on-board automotive applications of EEPROM were in electronic odometers, which saved the vehicle cumulative mileage, even if the battery was disconnected. However, even though the cumulative mileage was saved, it could only be read with battery power applied, since the odometer readout was also electronic. In the 1990s, a product with similar nonvolatile storage characteristics, Flash Memory, was introduced into vehicle systems (Intel 1996; See and Thurlo 1995). Flash memory uses an inherently simpler IC device structure for data storage than EEPROM, but, generally, it is only manipulated in multi-byte block sections, whereas EEPROM can be single-byte or block alterable.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAutomotive computers.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xInstruments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10036M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10036M.htm

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=245  00$aData Presentation for QC Programs.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10315M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10315M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aEngineering inspection.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Engineering. $2bisacsh.
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=245  04$aThe Basis of Sensory Data for QC : $bSensory Specifications.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10316M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10316M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aEngineering inspection.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Engineering. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10316M.
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=245  00$aIntroduction/Program Objectives for Plant Sensory Function in QA/QC Programs.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 14 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10311M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10311M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aEngineering inspection.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Engineering. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10311M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10311M.htm

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=245  00$aProgram Implementation.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10314M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10314M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aEngineering inspection.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Engineering. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10314M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10314M.htm

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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10313M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10313M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aEngineering inspection.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Engineering. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10313M.
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=245  00$aBackground Information for Setting Up New Plant Sensory Programs.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10312M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10312M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aEngineering inspection.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xIndustrial Engineering. $2bisacsh.
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=245  00$aChapter 11-Irradiation Creep.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 3 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10026M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10026M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b39.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCreep is defined as the time-dependent plastic deformation that occurs under the influence of a constant applied stress (although most tests are conducted with a constant load). At elevated temperatures, it is referred to as thermal creep. Deformation processes that operate during thermal creep include (1) dislocation climb in combination with dislocation glide that leads to slip, (2) dislocation climb that leads to subgrain formation, (3) grain boundary sliding, and (4) grain shape change by diffusional processes. The first two processes are the most important for the thermal creep of the high-chromium ferritic/martensitic steels at normal operating temperatures (<=600C)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStainless steel.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xMaterials $xEffect of radiation on.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10026M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10026M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 15-Fracture Toughness.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 3 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10030M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10030M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b28.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCharpy impact tests discussed in the preceding chapter are most useful as a screening test to evaluate the relative effect of irradiation on producing embrittlement in different steels. However, Charpy data cannot be used directly for design. Design will probably be based on a defect-tolerant approach, where a plane-strain fracture toughness (thick sections) or a J-integral (thin-walled structure) approach are used [1]. Because of the simpler test procedure for a Charpy test, fewer fracture toughness data, especially of irradiated specimens, are available than are Charpy impact data. There is a qualitative correspondence between changes in Charpy impact properties and fracture toughness of irradiated steels, and the change in USE is often taken as an indication of the change in ductile fracture toughness [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStainless steel.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xMaterials $xEffect of radiation on.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10030M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10030M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 13-Elevated-Temperature Helium Embrittlement.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 3 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10028M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10028M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b42.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAt irradiation temperatures Ti >= 0.5Tm, where Tm is the absolute melting temperature, irradiation-induced atom displacement damage in steels is unstable, and the flow properties are generally unaffected by irradiation [1,2]. However, austenitic steels and other face-centered-cubic alloys are embrittled at elevated temperatures following or during neutron irradiation in thermal or fast reactors and helium implantation. This embrittlement is manifested as a reduction in tensile ductility [1-4], as shown in Fig. 13.1 for type 316 stainless steel [5]. Creep-rupture life and ductility [4,6-14] and fatigue endurance at low frequencies [12,14-16] are also affected in austenitic steels alloys. The irradiation does not significantly influence the deformation behavior but modifies the fracture process at high temperatures. Thus, the irradiation embrittlement is primarily associated with an increased tendency to intergranular fracture above about 0.5Tm.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStainless steel.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xMaterials $xEffect of radiation on.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10028M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10028M.htm

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=008  170503c2001||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA479.S7
=082  04$a620.1/728$223
=245  00$aChapter 18-Summary : Past, Present, and Future.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 3 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10033M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10033M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b22.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFerritic/martensitic steels are considered for use in fast fission and fusion reactors. The viability of the steels for applications in the fast fission or fusion neutron environment depends mainly on its irradiation resistance. In the preceding chapters, the effect of irradiation on various properties was presented. In addition to the irradiation conditions (e.g., fluence, spectrum, irradiation temperature, etc.), steel composition and microstructure, which depend on how a steel is processed, are important in determining irradiation resistance. As shown in the previous chapters, many of these variables have been investigated in varying degrees for different mechanical and physical properties. In general, however, detailed, single-variable irradiation studies to comprehensively investigate these parameters have not been conducted. Because of space considerations in irradiation facilities and the expense of conducting such experiments, most irradiation experiments have been restricted to one steel composition in one condition irradiated over a temperature and fluence range that is limited by the conditions of the irradiation facility. Furthermore, space limitations in irradiation facilities mean that only a limited number of miniature mechanical property specimens can be irradiated, which can cause problems in evaluating the data. For example, only four to six Charpy specimens per irradiation condition are usually irradiated, thus possibly affecting the determination of an accurate Charpy curve; and in some cases, tension specimens have not been simultaneously irradiated with Charpy impact specimens, thus making a quantitative comparison between hardening and embrittlement difficult.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStainless steel.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xMaterials $xEffect of radiation on.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10033M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10033M.htm

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=008  170503c2001||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145641 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120907
=020  \\$a0803120907
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10018M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10018M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA479.S7
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=245  00$aChapter 3-Physical Metallurgy of High-Chromium Steels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 3 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10018M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10018M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b53.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe high (9-12%) chromium steels are either fully austenitic or have a duplex (austenite plus ?-ferrite) structure at austenitizing temperatures in the range 850 to 1200C. The austenite phase transforms to martensite during air cooling or rapid quenching to ambient temperature, and the steels are subsequently tempered to obtain a good combination of strength, ductility, and toughness. The physical metallurgical basis of the development of the high-chromium martensitic steels has been reviewed elsewhere [1-3]; the factors determining the constitution, transformation, and tempering characteristics are briefly surveyed in this chapter.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStainless steel.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xMaterials $xEffect of radiation on.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10018M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10018M.htm

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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2001||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145641 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120907
=020  \\$a0803120907
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10032M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10032M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA479.S7
=082  04$a620.1/728$223
=245  00$aChapter 17-Recovery (Annealing) of Radiation Damage.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 3 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10032M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10032M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHardening of the ferritic/martensitic steels by irradiation damage processes (Chapter 12) occurs below 400 to 450C (the temperature depends on the steel); it is caused by the irradiation-produced vacancies and interstitials and from irradiation-enhanced precipitation of new phases [1]. In general, below 0.3Tm, dislocation loops form from interstitials and vacancies and increase the flow stress, which leads to hardening and embrittlement. Between 0.3 to 0.4Tm, a void and dislocation structure forms (the dislocation loops are unstable and grow into a dislocation network), and diffusion is sufficient for the formation of precipitates. Above about 0.4 Tm, displacement damage can continuously anneal out, resulting in little change in strength (at these temperatures strength sometimes decreases because irradiation-enhanced diffusion accelerates the normal thermal aging process)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStainless steel.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xMaterials $xEffect of radiation on.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10032M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10032M.htm

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=008  170503c2001||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145641 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120907
=020  \\$a0803120907
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10023M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10023M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA479.S7
=082  04$a620.1/728$223
=245  00$aChapter 8-Irradiation Damage, Irradiation Facilities, Irradiation Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2001.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2001, Issue 3 (January 2001)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10023M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10023M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b30.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSince the subject of this book concerns the use of the high-chromium ferritic/martensitic steels in radiation environments, this chapter will provide a brief introduction to irradiation damage of metals and alloys, along with a discussion of irradiation facilities and testing of irradiated materials. Irradiation damage is a complicated process, and the literature contains numerous reviews on various aspects of the subject.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2001. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStainless steel.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xMaterials $xEffect of radiation on.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10023M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10023M.htm

=LDR  02727nam  2200661 i 4500
=001  MNL11582M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184039 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170155
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11582M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11582M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.G9
=082  04$a666/.92$223
=245  00$aHistory.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 67 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11582M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11582M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe history of the development of gypsum from earliest times to modern gypsum board. Mentions the contributions made by Lavoisier, Le Chatelier, and Sackett.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSackett.
=650  \0$aLavoisier.
=650  \0$aLe Chatelier.
=650  \0$aGypsum history.
=650  \0$aInsoluble anhydrite history.
=650  \0$aGypsum.
=650  \0$aGypsum $xIndustrial applications.
=653  10$agypsum history.
=653  20$ainsoluble anhydrite history.
=653  20$aLavoisier.
=653  20$aLe Chatelier.
=653  20$aSackett.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11582M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11582M.htm

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=001  MNL11588M
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184039 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170155
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11588M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11588M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.G9
=082  04$a666/.92$223
=245  00$aGlass Mat Gypsum Board.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 67 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11588M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11588M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFor the board, the paper is replaced by a glass mat. The advantages of the two versions of glass mat gypsum board (sheathing and water resistant backing board) are briefly described.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSheathing standard.
=650  \0$aStandard for water resistant backing board.
=650  \0$aGypsum.
=650  \0$aGypsum $xIndustrial applications.
=653  10$asheathing standard.
=653  20$astandard for water resistant backing board.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11588M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11588M.htm

=LDR  03001nam  2200709 i 4500
=001  MNL11585M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184039 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170155
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11585M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11585M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.G9
=082  04$a666/.92$223
=245  00$aCalcination Processes.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 67 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11585M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11585M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe preparation of natural and synthetic gypsum prior to calcination, such as drying and grinding. The various calcination methods for ?-hemihydrate and ?-hemihydrate are reviewed, such as batch kettle, continuous kettle, submerged combustion kettle, conical kettle, and other calcination equipment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aKettles.
=650  \0$aCalcidyne.
=650  \0$aCalcination.
=650  \0$aRotary kiln.
=650  \0$aConveyor kiln.
=650  \0$aRing ball calciner.
=650  \0$aImpact mill calcination.
=650  \0$aGypsum.
=650  \0$aGypsum $xIndustrial applications.
=653  10$acalcination.
=653  20$akettles.
=653  20$arotary kiln.
=653  20$aimpact mill calcination.
=653  20$aring ball calciner.
=653  20$aCalcidyne.
=653  20$aconveyor kiln.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11585M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11585M.htm

=LDR  02622nam  2200625 i 4500
=001  MNL11589M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184039 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170155
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11589M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11589M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.G9
=082  04$a666/.92$223
=245  00$aGypsum Fiber Board.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 67 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11589M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11589M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe board consists of paper fiber that is distributed throughout the core instead of as a cover over the surfaces. The advantages and disadvantages of this boarder are briefly discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFurman.
=650  \0$aWurtex.
=650  \0$aFermacell.
=650  \0$aGypsum.
=650  \0$aGypsum $xIndustrial applications.
=653  10$aFermacell.
=653  20$aFurman.
=653  20$aWurtex.
=653  20$aSchenk.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11589M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11589M.htm

=LDR  02944nam  2200661 i 4500
=001  MNL11584M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184039 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170155
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11584M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11584M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.G9
=082  04$a666/.92$223
=245  00$aBasic Properties.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 67 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11584M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11584M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe basic properties of the phases in the system Ca2SO4H2O, which includes aspects of dihydrate, hemihydrate, soluble anhydrite, such as the solubilities and crystallographic structures. The role of water vapor pressure with regard to soluble anhydrite formation is emphasized. Further discussed are aging and the misconceptions such as the 2/3 hydrate and colloidal processes during setting.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAging.
=650  \0$aDihydrate.
=650  \0$aHemihydrate.
=650  \0$aGypsum phases.
=650  \0$aSoluble anhydrite.
=650  \0$aGypsum.
=650  \0$aGypsum $xIndustrial applications.
=653  10$agypsum phases.
=653  20$adihydrate.
=653  20$ahemihydrate.
=653  20$asoluble anhydrite.
=653  20$aaging.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11584M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11584M.htm

=LDR  02673nam  2200613 i 4500
=001  MNL11583M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184039 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170155
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11583M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11583M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.G9
=082  04$a666/.92$223
=245  00$aOrigin.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 67 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11583M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11583M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis part is about the deposit of natural gypsum, synthetic gypsum, and insoluble anhydrite. It is also about the manufacturing processes of flue gas desulfurization gypsum, phosphogypsum, and similar gypsums.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGypsum origin.
=650  \0$aFGD processing.
=650  \0$aInsoluble anhydrite origin.
=650  \0$aGypsum.
=650  \0$aGypsum $xIndustrial applications.
=653  10$agypsum origin.
=653  20$ainsoluble anhydrite origin.
=653  20$aFGD processing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11583M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11583M.htm

=LDR  02614nam  2200589 i 4500
=001  MNL11591M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184039 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170155
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11591M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11591M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.G9
=082  04$a666/.92$223
=245  00$aHealth Considerations.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 67 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11591M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11591M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe uses of natural gypsum (not synthetic gypsum) as a food additive are mentioned. Further discussed are uses as fertilizer and soil additive as well as EPA and NIOSH requirements. The negative role of some impurities is emphasized.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGypsum Association.
=650  \0$aGypsum.
=650  \0$aGypsum $xIndustrial applications.
=653  10$aGypsum Association.
=653  20$aNIOSH.
=653  20$aEPA.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11591M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11591M.htm

=LDR  02652nam  2200613 i 4500
=001  MNL11590M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184039 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170155
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11590M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11590M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.G9
=082  04$a666/.92$223
=245  00$aTesting, Analysis, and Installation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 67 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11590M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11590M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMethods and specification for testing and analysis of materials and products are briefly reviewed, including the nail pull test and fire endurance test.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDTA of gypsum.
=650  \0$aNail pull of gypsum.
=650  \0$aASTM E119 Fire Endurance.
=650  \0$aGypsum.
=650  \0$aGypsum $xIndustrial applications.
=653  10$aDTA of gypsum.
=653  20$anail pull of gypsum.
=653  20$aASTM E119 Fire Endurance.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11590M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11590M.htm

=LDR  02819nam  2200637 i 4500
=001  MNL11587M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184039 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170155
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11587M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11587M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.G9
=082  04$a666/.92$223
=245  00$aGypsum Board.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (29 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 67 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11587M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11587M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe essential features of the board manufacturing process are described, such as water demand and setting behavior. Further discussed are additive systems for water, foam, accelerators, retarder, starch, water reducing agents, and paper and glass fibers. Joint compounds are briefly described.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRetarder.
=650  \0$aAccelerators.
=650  \0$aBoard manufacturing.
=650  \0$aManufacturing additives.
=650  \0$aGypsum.
=650  \0$aGypsum $xIndustrial applications.
=653  10$aboard manufacturing.
=653  20$amanufacturing additives.
=653  20$aaccelerators.
=653  20$aretarder.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11587M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11587M.htm

=LDR  02777nam  2200661 i 4500
=001  MNL11586M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184039 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170155
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11586M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11586M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.G9
=082  04$a666/.92$223
=245  00$aProperties of Stuccos and Plasters.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 67 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11586M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11586M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis part contains the requirements of stucco or fresh (unset) plaster, such as particle size and consistency. Also discussed are the properties of hardened plaster, such as the effect of consistency.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStucco.
=650  \0$aConsistency.
=650  \0$aParticle size.
=650  \0$aUnset plaster.
=650  \0$aHardened plaster.
=650  \0$aGypsum.
=650  \0$aGypsum $xIndustrial applications.
=653  10$astucco.
=653  20$aunset plaster.
=653  20$ahardened plaster.
=653  20$aparticle size.
=653  20$aconsistency.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11586M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11586M.htm

=LDR  02612nam  2200541 i 4500
=001  MNL11821D
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1965||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186453 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803109902
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11821D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11821D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a541.321$223
=245  00$aASTM Viscosity Index Tables Calculated from Kinematic Viscosity.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1965.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (951 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1965, Issue DS39A (September 1965)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11821D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11821D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThese tables were prepared to provide a convenient means of obtaining the Viscosity Index of petroleum products and lubricants without the necessity of calculation. They have been prepared under the guidance of Research Division VII on Flow Properties, of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1965. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products.
=650  \0$aViscosity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11821D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11821D.htm

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=050  \4$aTS320
=082  04$a672$223
=245  00$aChapter 19 : Steel Forgings for General Industry.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10506M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10506M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS GROUP OF SPECIFICATIONS COVERS A WIDE range of applications outside of the field of pressure vessels and power generation. Included are mechanical components such as gears and pinions, crankshafts, steel mill rolls and components for defense, railroads, and other applications that fall under the heading of General Industrial. The specifications fall into two main categories, those with stated chemical compositions and those in which, because the size range is not defined, the manufacturer generally chooses the required composition under the broad headings of carbon or alloy steels in order to obtain the mechanical properties stated in the specification.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10506M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10506M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 20 : The Role of the Purchaser.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10507M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10507M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAS WITH MANY OTHER COMMODITIES FORGINGS are produced to meet a particular need and in most organizations forging procurement is handled by a purchasing department. This group is expected to deal with all the materials, equipment, and components that are required to meet the manufacturing needs of the organization. The purchasing agent is the crucial link between the producer and the user. The purchase order (PO) is the vehicle used to convey the user's needs to the forging supplier, but before a purchase order is issued the purchaser needs to know that the material can be supplied, what it will cost, and when it can be supplied. This is usually achieved by asking for a quotation from one or more potential vendors. In U.S. Government parlance, such documents are known variously as an invitation for bid (IFB), request for proposal (RFP), or a request for quotation (RFQ). The RFP and the purchase order should be essentially the same at the very least in technical content. There may be several steps in this path and more than one purchasing entity may be involved. Quotation requests are often made to support an industrial exercise intended to confirm the feasibility of a design project and may never result in an actual purchase, but in any event the RFP should mirror as closely as possible the eventual purchase order, but taking into account changes that are the result of comments or exceptions taken by the selected supplier. Even in the apparently simple situation of the purchase of a fully completed forging, such as a forged crankshaft for a diesel locomotive from an integrated forging company, although the order for the crankshaft is placed directly from the engine builder to the manufacturer, the forge shop has to purchase materials to make the steel and the forging, as well as supplies such as nuts and bolts and oil hole plugs. From this then it is clear that not only are the request for pricing and the purchase order an indispensable part of the transaction, but the specification(s) that the forgings are made to become of major importance as well.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10507M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10507M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 17 : Steel Forgings for the Pressure Vessel Industry, Other than for Fittings, Flanges, and Piping Application.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10504M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10504M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS GROUP OF SPECIFICATIONS WAS WRITTEN TO address forgings for large pressure retaining components, whose weight would normally be measured in tons rather than pounds, and where a wall thickness of 1 in. (25 mm) would be considered to be thin. As a consequence, the heat treatment and testing requirements both mechanical and nondestructive are more demanding than those found in the piping fittings standards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10504M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10504M.htm

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=082  04$a672$223
=245  00$aChapter 5 : Types of Forging.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10492M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10492M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFORGINGS ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE production method and fall into five major headings: Open Die; Closed or Impression Die; Rotary, Ring Rolling, and Extrusion. Further subdivision comes from the types of equipment used to make the forgings: Hammer (steam, hydraulic, or mechanical); Press (steam, hydraulic, multi-directional, or mechanical). For some specialized applications the boundary between open and closed die forging can be blurred as in the use of split dies for valve body manufacture or in the manufacture of wrought locomotive and rail rolling stock wheels.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10492M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10492M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803133693
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10496M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS320
=082  04$a672$223
=245  00$aChapter 9 : Heat Treatment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10496M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10496M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PUBLISHED ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION and continuous cooling transformation diagrams for the standard steel grades are extremely useful in understanding the capabilities of these materials, and should be considered in conjunction with the published hardenability data, such as that included in ASTM Specification A 914/A 914M, Steel Bars Subject to Restricted End-Quench Hardenability Requirements, when setting up a heat treatment cycle. The emphasis in this chapter is on techniques and equipment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10496M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10496M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145603 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133693
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10495M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10495M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=082  04$a672$223
=245  00$aChapter 8 : Machining.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10495M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10495M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFOR MOST APPLICATIONS, EVEN CLOSED DIE forgings will require some machining. Machining of open die forgings is expected to be more extensive, and can involve almost all of the operations to be found in a modern machine shop. Machining, apart from bringing the forging to the required dimensions, also removes surface scale and imperfections as well as the decarburized skin. Depending on the application, some closed die forgings may be acceptable for use simply after scale removal, as for example, by shot blasting. The decarburized surface, however, remains in this case, and will offer reduced fatigue strength. Examples of the use of die-forged components with at least some asforged surfaces include some automotive suspension parts and some piping fittings. Good examples of combined asforged and machined surfaces are the closed die forged or continuous grain flow crankshafts used in automotive, locomotive, marine, and aero applications. In these applications, the areas that see low operating stresses in service-such as the webs-are left in the descaled, as forged condition, while the highly stressed main bearing and crankpin journals are machined to close tolerances and high surface finishes. In this example, variations in section size, and therefore mass in the as forged locations, caused by forging tolerances, are countered by dynamic balancing of the finished crankshaft.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10495M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10495M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145603 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133693
=020  \\$a0803133693
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10490M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10490M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS320
=082  04$a672$223
=245  00$aChapter 3 : Effect of Steel Making.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10490M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10490M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE NEED FOR IMPROVED MECHANICAL PROP-erties and soundness in forgings has been a driving force in both steel making and ingot development, and it is perhaps significant that at one time many steel forging companies operated integrated facilities starting at the melt shop, and besides the forge, including heat treatment equipment, machine shops, and extensive mechanical testing and nondestructive examination facilities. This trend has changed with the increased complexity of steel melting practices and the growth of steel melting shops that provide stock for forging houses, either in the form of ingots or shapes from continuous casters.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10490M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10490M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10489M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS320
=082  04$a672$223
=245  00$aChapter 2 : Why Use Forgings?.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10489M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10489M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFORGING, AS A METAL WORKING PROCESS, HAS the ability to form the material to the desired component shape, while refining the cast structure of the ingot material, healing shrinkage voids, and improving the mechanical properties of the material. The amount of subsequent machining should also be reduced, although this depends on the geometry of the finished part and the forging processes used.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10489M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10489M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 14 : A Word About ASTM International, Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys, and General Requirement Specifications for Forgings.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10501M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aASTM WAS FORMED IN 1898 AS THE AMERICAN Society for Testing and Materials with a nucleus of 70 members. An extract from the original charter states: The corporation is formed for the promotion of knowledge of the materials of engineering, and the standardization of specifications and the methods of testing.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10501M.
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=245  00$aChapter 15 : Steel Forgings for the Fittings Industry.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE ASTM INTERNATIONAL STEEL FORGING STAN-dards for the fittings industry are all in dual format, so that forgings can be ordered to the customary English inch/pound units or to SI units. It should be noted that the size and weight of flanges, valves, and fittings for piping applications vary widely; a small threaded pipe coupling might weigh a few ounces (grams) while a valve body with integral flanges would weigh considerably more. The bulk of the standard pipe fittings probably rarely exceeds 1000 lb (454 kg) in weight, and even the very large special pipe fittings shown in Fig. 2.13 did not exceed 2 tons (1.8 t), but these were produced to a pressure vessel forging specification. The fittings specifications were written to cover the manufacture of relatively small standard parts such as flanges, elbows, tees, couplings, and valve bodies with maximum cross section sizes, probably not exceeding 4 in. (100 mm). The testing provisions were written to take these limitations into account and lend due economy to their production. It is this economy that opens some of these specifications to misapplication.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10502M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10502M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 11 : Nondestructive Examination.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF QUALITY FORGING production is that the forging, having been shown to be made from the specified material, heat treated as prescribed and demonstrated to meet the mechanical property requirements, is free from material/process related conditions that might adversely affect its performance during use, in other words that the forging is sound and is what it appears to be. It should be recognized that some potential service pitfalls can be mitigated by the use of appropriate nondestructive examination methods, while others cannot. For example, magnetic particle examination of the critical surfaces of a crankshaft is most valuable in finding indications that could lead to a fatigue failure, but no nondestructive examination of the original plate would warn of a potential brittle fracture problem stemming from a badly designed deck hatch corner in the deck of a ship whose hull plates were being operated close to or below their transition temperature.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10498M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10498M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 6 : Heating for Forging.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFORGING CREWS SOMETIMES SEEM TO WORK according to the Hotter is Better maxim, possibly because the steel may appear to move more easily, and the reduction in forging time can lead to greater financial rewards; however, as explained here the choice of forging temperature must be approached carefully.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10493M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10493M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 1 : Introduction : Why Steel Forgings?.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10488M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE BEGINNINGS OF THE IRON AGE IN AUSTRIA about 3000 years ago mark the start of iron and steel forging, since at that time hot working by hammering was part of the process for producing wrought iron, and for making products in both wrought iron and steel. The crude smelting furnaces using high-grade iron ore, charcoal, and fluxes produced small quantities of iron that had to be forge welded together by hand to produce useful stock. Initially, this was the main purpose of forging. The hammers used were quite substantial, examples weighing about 80 lb (36 kg) having been found. Hand hammer working by smiths persisted as the main shaping procedure for iron and steel until the Middle Ages in Europe when lever operated Olivers were introduced. Several accounts of Olivers [1] have been traced to the north of England and one at Beaumarais Castle near Anglesey in North Wales in 1335. Their use continued into the eighteenth century. The Oliver consisted of a hammer attached to an axle by a long shaft that was tripped by a foot-operated treadle. A swing shaft then rotated the axle and raised the hammer for the next blow. A sketch (Fig. 1.1) from a book [2] published in 1770 gives some idea of the apparatus. As demand and the size of the iron blooms increased, the Olivers were superseded by water-powered tilt hammers. The melt and forge shops were generally close together since both operations went hand-in-glove; hence, the modern concept of an integrated melt and forge shop goes back a long way. An example of a water-powered tilt hammer at the Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet near Sheffield, England is shown in Fig. 1.2. Another tilt hammer design is shown in Fig. 1.3. This used the elastic energy from bending a wooden board to augment the gravity drop of the hammerhead.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10488M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10488M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 18 : Steel Forgings for Turbines and Generators.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10505M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS GROUP OF FORGINGS CONSTITUTES MAINLY the rotor and disk or wheel components used in steam and gas turbines and electrical generators. The integrity of these components is critical [1] because they are generally large, rotate at high speeds, and in the case of steam turbines are confined under high pressure in steam chests. It will be recalled that concern for the safety of turbine and generator rotors spurred the introduction of vacuum degassing in steel making and the development of ultrasonic test methods for the volumetric examination of heavy sections. Ten ASTM forging specifications fall into this category. It should be noted that although these are intended to be stand alone specifications, essential input must be included in the purchase order, not the least of which is a drawing showing the required mechanical test locations.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10505M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10505M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 10 : Mechanical Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10497M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10497M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBEYOND HEAT TREATMENT CYCLES SUCH AS spheroidizing that are used to enhance machinability, the primary reason for heat treating a forging is to establish certain minimum strength properties in the component. This cycle is referred to in different ways. It may simply be Heat Treatment; Final Heat Treatment; Heat Treatment for Properties; or as is used expressively in Europe, Quality Heat Treatment. The latter has an air of confidence about it, and certainly anyone doing any heat treatment at all would like to think that their work has quality.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10497M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10497M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=050  \4$aTS320
=082  04$a672$223
=245  00$aChapter 7 : Post Forge Practices.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10494M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10494M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aONCE FORGING IS COMPLETE, THE QUESTION OF handling the part must be considered. Generally, except for the austenitic stainless steels, before the part is allowed to cool and transform, several factors have to be taken into account. These include the type of steel used, whether or not vacuum degassing was employed in making it, the size of the forging, and the type of post forge heat treatment, if any that the part will be given.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10494M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10494M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 21 : Forging Failure Analysis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10508M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10508M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAN UNDETECTED, OR IGNORED, INGOT RELATED defect can be expected to show up as a forging defect, and may not be revealed until late in the production process for the component. Although some ingot internal problems, such as fully enclosed solidification voids, can be healed during forging, others such as surface cracks, pouring laps, and gross piping will give rise to defective forgings. This subject was discussed in Chapters 4 and 13, but it should be noted that it is not always apparent that problems encountered in a forging were the direct result of a condition in the ingot. As an example, during magnetic particle examination of cylindrical open die forgings in a modified SAE 4330 alloy steel, several transverse indications were detected. These were about 0.75 in. (18 mm) in length, and when probed, persisted to a depth of about 0.5 in. (12 mm). At the time they were detected about 1 in. (25 mm) of stock had been removed from the original forging surface, but later tests on other forgings showed that they actually began closer to the original forged surface. Etching of the indications in situ revealed that a decarburized envelope surrounded them, suggesting that they were present during heating for forging. Curiously, it was noted during the probing operations that the length of the indications essentially did not change until they were removed. All of this directed attention to the ingots that were from a big end down fluted forging ingot mold with a top diameter of 30 in. (750 mm). Since ingot porosity was suspected, cross sections from an ingot were hot acid etched. Those sections from the upper part of the ingot showed radially disposed, cylindrical near surface pores about the same length as the indications in the forgings, while those from lower in the ingot were pore free. The origin of the magnetic particle indications was now clear. Near surface, cylindrically shaped gas pores had been formed by reaction between carbon and oxygen in the steel during the initial solidification after the manner of a rimming steel. The ferrostatic head pressure in the mold had suppressed the pore formation lower in the ingot, and during heating for forging the proximity to the surface had permitted sufficient oxidation of the internal pore surface to impede the forge welding of the pores. The fix was to correct both deoxidation and vacuum degassing procedures during steel making. If surface NDE had not been a requirement, these defects would not have been discovered before delivery.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10508M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10508M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 12 : Surface Treatment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10499M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10499M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN MANY INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS THERE ARE advantages to be had by surface treatment of forgings. The most important of these are:  Improve Wear Resistance  Improve Fatigue Strength  Reduce Galling.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10499M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10499M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 22 : Postscript.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10509M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10509M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE FORGING OF STEEL HAS PROGRESSED FAR from its initial use of agglomerating and consolidating small batches of iron and steel before forming them into useful products, to the current high integrity forged components that are used, and taken for granted in everyday life. The provision of vital utilities such as electricity, gas, and water, as well as transport by land, sea, and air all depend on the integrity and availability of steel forgings.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10509M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10509M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS320
=082  04$a672$223
=245  00$aChapter 13 : Manufacturing Problems and Defects.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10500M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10500M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDEFECTS IN FORGINGS CAN STEM FROM VARIOUS sources that need to be recognized to prevent occurrence or recurrence:  Base material choice and manufacture  Ingot defects  Ingot size and choice  Billet/bloom size and source  Heating for forging and Forging Temperature Range  Induction Heating  Forging operations and machining  Post forge handling/heat treatment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10500M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10500M.htm

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=050  \4$aTS320
=082  04$a672$223
=245  00$aChapter 4 : Forging Ingots.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10491M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10491M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THE EARLY DAYS OF THE MODERN STEEL industry, ingot teeming was done by top pouring into tapered cast iron molds for all applications. For rolled plate applications rectangular cross section molds were used. For bar and some strip applications the ingot molds were either square or round in shape, but for forgings the ingots were usually round or octagonal in cross section, and particularly for the larger sizes were almost invariably fluted to reduce the risk of surface cracking during solidification and subsequent cooling. A typical big end up, octagonal, top poured forging ingot from 1921 is shown in Fig. 2.14, and another modern 600-ton (545 t) ingot cropped and heated for forging is shown in Fig. 4.1.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10491M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10491M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 16 : Forging Related Test Methods.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 53 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10503M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10503M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSUBCOMMITTEE A01.06 ON STEEL FORGINGS AND billits has jurisdiction over some specific test methods and practices that are peculiar to forgings and that differ in some important respects from the hardness test methods and nondestructive examination standards that are the responsibility of other ASTM committees, such as E-28 on Mechanical Testing and E-7 on Nondestructive Examination. These special test methods and practices will be discussed first, before going on to look at the product specifications.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel forgings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10503M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10503M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP362
=082  04$a629.25/6$223
=100  1\$aOtterman, GR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAntifreeze Coolants / $cJA. Lima, GR. Otterman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 6 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10583M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10583M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAlthough the long standing function of engine coolants is to prevent freezing in the engine cooling system, it also must meet other requirements to be satisfactory. It should: 1) have a high boiling point; 2) prevent corrosion of cooling system metals; 3) effectively transfer heat; 4) be chemically stable; 5) be miscible with water; and 6) be relatively nonflammable. It should not adversely affect other materials in the system, not foam, evaporate, or expand excessively. A number of materials have been used as freezing point depressants, but none satisfy all these requirements. However, usage and extensive testing have established certain coolant base materials as preferable to others.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAntifreeze solutions.
=650  \7$aTRANSPORTATION $xAutomotive $xPictorial. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAutomotive. $2bisacsh.
=700  1\$aLima, JA., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10583M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10583M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145177 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803112650
=020  \\$a0803112653
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10585M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10585M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP362
=082  04$a629.25/6$223
=100  1\$aOtterman, GR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCooling System Chemicals / $cJA. Lima, GR. Otterman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 6 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10585M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10585M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCooling system leakage may develop as a result of the following: 1) loose cylinder head or other gasketed joints; 2) loose hose clamps; 3) fracture of radiator seams and joints; 4) corrosion perforation of radiator tubes or other thin walls of the system; 5) deterioration of hoses or gaskets; and 6) corrosion of metal joints. Since leaks have a tendency to get worse rather than better, the best way to assure permanent correction is through mechanical servicing or replacement of leaking parts.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAntifreeze solutions.
=650  \7$aTRANSPORTATION $xAutomotive $xPictorial. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAutomotive. $2bisacsh.
=700  1\$aLima, JA., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10585M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10585M.htm

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=100  1\$aOtterman, GR., $eauthor.
=245  14$aThe Engine Cooling System / $cJA. Lima, GR. Otterman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10582M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10582M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of an engine cooling system is to remove excess heat produced by engine operation and control metal temperatures within safe limits. High speed driving with today's engines can produce enough heat energy to melt a 200 lb (91 kg) cast iron engine block in 20 minutes. Even operating at moderate speeds, the temperatures inside the engine are extremely high. Combustion gas temperatures may be as high as 4500F (2482C). The heads of the exhaust valves may be red hot, and the temperature of lubricated parts, such as pistons, may run 200F (93C) or more above the boiling point of water. When metal temperatures are not controlled by adequate cooling, the consequences are lubrication failure and serious engine damage. This is especially true with engines having aluminum heads.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAntifreeze solutions.
=650  \7$aTRANSPORTATION $xAutomotive $xPictorial. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAutomotive. $2bisacsh.
=700  1\$aLima, JA., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10582M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10582M.htm

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=245  10$aInstallation and Service / $cJA. Lima, GR. Otterman.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 6 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10584M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10584M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aInspection and Test. Before installing any engine coolant, the cooling system should be inspected and necessary service work completed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAntifreeze solutions.
=650  \7$aTRANSPORTATION $xAutomotive $xPictorial. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAutomotive. $2bisacsh.
=700  1\$aLima, JA., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10584M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10584M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a665.53$223
=245  00$aManual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 11-Physical Properties Data, Section 2, Part 4.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (149 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 27 (September 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11363M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11363M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis Revised Standard/Technical Publication is effective upon the date of publication and supersedes the ASTM-IP 1952 Petroleum Measurement Tables, GPA 2142, GPA TP-16, Tables 33 and 34 of API MPMS Chapter 11.1-1980 Volumes XI/XI (Adjuncts to ASTM D1250-80 and IP 200/80), API MPMS Chapter 11.2.2/11.2.2M, and API/ASTM/GPA TP-25. However, due to the nature of the changes in this Revised Standard/Technical Publication and the fact that it is or may be incorporated by reference in various regulations, it is recognized that guidance concerning an implementation period may be needed in order to avoid disruptions within the industry and ensure proper application. As a result, it is recommended that this Revised Standard/Technical Publication be utilized on all new and existing applications no later than TWO YEARS after the publication date. An application, for this purpose, is defined as the point where the calculation is applied.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xMeasurement $xStandards.
=650  \0$aFlow meters $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11363M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11363M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD9715.A2
=082  04$a624.068/3$223
=245  00$aLabor Productivity.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 65 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6520121211005
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6520121211005".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aProductivity of labor has historically been measured based on the economic definition of productivity, which is defined as a measure of output from a production process, per unit of input. For example, labor productivity is typically measured as a ratio of output per labor-hour of input, at task levels, project levels, and the industry level [17].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConstruction industry $xLabor productivity.
=650  \0$aLabor productivity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6520121211005.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6520121211005.htm

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=245  00$aJPM Case Applications.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (25 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 65 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6520121211207
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6520121211207".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter lays out a series of case applications for how JPM can be applied at the task, project, and industry levels in construction. Building on the principles explained in Chapters 1 through 5, and the application of the standard as written in Chapter 6, this chapter provides real-life scenarios of how the JPM standard can be used to measure and improve productivity. In addition, the outcomes of using the JPM application are shown in Section 7.4 from task, project, and industry levels.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConstruction industry $xLabor productivity.
=650  \0$aLabor productivity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6520121211207.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6520121211207.htm

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=245  00$aJPM ASTM Standard Practice E2691.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 65 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6520121211106
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6520121211106".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter draws heavily upon the ASTM Standard Practice for Job Productivity Measurement (E2691) with a more detailed explanation of the underlying principles and theories. Each section of the standard is described in detail, with examples of how it is used. Chapter 7 includes case studies and examples to illustrate the application of the standard.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConstruction industry $xLabor productivity.
=650  \0$aLabor productivity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6520121211106.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6520121211106.htm

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=245  00$aConstruction Financial Models.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 65 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6520121210904
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6520121210904".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe difference in the prevailing financial models of operation in construction companies, specifically between the general contractor and subcontractors, has driven the industry to look for a common denominator for progress reporting, which has hampered the true measurement of productivity as the change of rate in construction project progress. The common denominator historically used is the exchange of money on a project, measured with accounting methods. However, this common measurement does not connect to the outcome of construction projects, which is CPIP. In other words, just because the subcontractor bills half of their contract value does not mean they are 50 % complete with the job. To combat this discrepancy, contractors and their customers have had to build in contract clauses such as liquidated damages, force majeure, no-damage-for-delay, and others, as well as retention and other punitive financial means for poor productivity.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConstruction industry $xLabor productivity.
=650  \0$aLabor productivity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6520121210904.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6520121210904.htm

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=245  00$aSystem Productivity.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 65 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6520121210702
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6520121210702".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA landmark work published by the Urban Institute defines the difference between output, outcome, and efficiency measures:.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConstruction industry $xLabor productivity.
=650  \0$aLabor productivity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6520121210702.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6520121210702.htm

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=008  170503c2012||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170391 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170377
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL6520121210803$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL6520121210803$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD9715.A2
=082  04$a624.068/3$223
=245  00$aMaking It Visible.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 65 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6520121210803
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6520121210803".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe old saying is as true today as when it was first said: What gets measured gets done. It is also true that only what is visible gets measured.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConstruction industry $xLabor productivity.
=650  \0$aLabor productivity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6520121210803.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6520121210803.htm

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=001  MNL10692M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10692M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10692M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 6-Stationary Rope Mop Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10692M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10692M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aRope mop skimmers employ long, continuous loops of oleophilic material that float on water. The mop material is a soft, smooth polypropylene material that attracts oil and repels water. Rope mop skimmers are available in various configurations: the most commonly used type is the stationary rope mop skimmer. Other variations of this type are not generally given specific names, but can be described by the way in which they operate.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10692M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10692M.htm

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=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10700M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10700M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 14-Weir Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10700M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10700M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis category includes any weir device that uses gravity to drain oil off the water surface. Typically, the top edge of the weir is positioned just below the upper surface of the slick, allowing oil to flow over the weir into a collection sump, where it is pumped to storage. With some devices in this category, the top edge of the weir is above the slick and some means is used to move oil up and over the weir. With some units, the weir can be adjusted to limit the amount of free water collected along with the oil. Devices that have a fixed weir may recover significant volumes of water along with the oil: oil/water separators should be considered with such skimmers to maximize the use of available storage.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10700M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10700M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10701M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10701M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 15-Advancing Weir Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10701M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10701M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAdvancing weir skimmers are a variation on conventional weirs in that the forward motion of the skimming system provides the flow into the skimmer. Depending on the size of the weir opening, the skimmer will accept most of what it encounters, allowing it to handle highly viscous oils. Advancing weir skimmers typically recover large volumes of water; oil/water separation should be considered to increase overall efficiency.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10701M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10701M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10693M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10693M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 7-Suspended Rope Mop Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10693M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10693M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAsuspended mop skimmer uses one to several mops that go through a skimmer head suspended over the skimming area. The smallest of these devices uses a single mop. It is easily positioned by one man and discharges by gravity into an oil drum. The largest have four to six mops and are suspended over the skimming area with a large crane. Because these devices use several mops, they have a much larger skimming capacity than conventional mop skimmers. The suspended rope mop is a stationary skimmer.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10693M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10693M.htm

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=001  MNL10691M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10691M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10691M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 5-Paddle Belt Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10691M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10691M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPaddle belt skimmers use a series of paddles, attached to a belt, to lift oil out of the water. The basic concept includes a series of paddles that draw a wedge of oil and water up a ramp. The paddles move the fluid over the top of the incline and into a sump where it is pumped off. There are several variations of this skimming principle but the basic concept is much the same.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10691M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10691M.htm

=LDR  02945nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10698M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10698M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10698M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 12-Stationary Suction Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10698M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10698M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIncludes any simple suction head used on a hose from a vacuum truck or a portable pump. To be considered in this category the skimming head must only be a suction device and not include any oil/water separation device such as a weir. Typical skimming heads are small and maneuverable, allowing their use in confined spaces such as among dock pilings. They can be operated from small boats, or dock side with vacuum trucks. Oil/water separators are recommended to deal with the large volumes of water that may be recovered along with the oil.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10698M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10698M.htm

=LDR  02783nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10694M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10694M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10694M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 8-Zero Relative Velocity Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10694M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10694M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aZero relative velocity (ZRV) Skimmers are rope mop devices used in catamaran hull vessels. A series of separate ropes (generally four to six) are arranged between the hulls. They are allowed to hang loosely on the water surface and are rotated aft at a velocity close to the forward speed of the vessel. Velocity of the ropes relative to the oil on the water is close to zero.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10694M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10694M.htm

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=001  MNL10689M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10689M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10689M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 3-Disc Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10689M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10689M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$a(a) Oleophilic disc skimmers use the principle of oil adhering to a solid surface, and typically include a series of discs that are rotated through the slick. As each disc is rotated through the oil/water interface, oil adheres to the disc surface and is then removed by scrapers mounted on both sides of each disc. Product is collected in a common sump and pumped away. Disc skimmers are typically powered by a remote power pack (hydraulic or air-driven), which results in a light, compact skimming head that is easily transported and highly maneuverable.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10689M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10689M.htm

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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10687M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10687M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 1-Boom Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10687M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10687M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBoom skimmers include any device in which the skimmer is incorporated in the face of the containment boom, regardless of the skimmer type. This system can include a single skimmer installed in the face of the boom, but in many examples of this concept there are several skimmers used. In most boom skimmers, weir-type skimmers are used. Boom skimmers provide a combined containment and recovery system.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10687M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10687M.htm

=LDR  03124nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10688M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10688M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10688M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 2-Brush Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10688M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10688M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBrush skimmers are oleophilic skimmers that pick up oil on the bristles of a brush. There are two main configurations for the brushes: drum brush skimmers, in which the brushes are mounted around the perimeter of a drum; and chain brush skimmers, in which the brushes are mounted on several continuous loop chains. In each case, the brushes are rotated through the oil/water interface, picking up oil and some water. The recovered fluid is then combed from the bristles into a sump. Both brush skimmer types are generally used in an advancing mode. Chain brush skimmers are typically configured with the skimmer head facing aft, creating a calm area for oil to accumulate and be recovered, reducing the skimmer's sensitivity to waves.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10688M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10688M.htm

=LDR  02863nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10690M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10690M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10690M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 4-Drum Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10690M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10690M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAn oleophilic drum skimmer uses adhesion of oil to the surface of a cylindrical drum for recovery. As the skimmer drum is rotated through the slick, oil adheres to the drum surface and is scraped off into a sump and then pumped away. Drum skimmers are typically powered by a remote power pack (hydraulic or air-driven), which results in a light, compact skimming head that is easily transported and highly maneuverable. There are also double, counter-rotating drum skimmers.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10690M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10690M.htm

=LDR  02803nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10699M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10699M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10699M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 13-Air Conveyors.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10699M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10699M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAir conveyors are also used as suction skimmers. In these systems oil and water are picked up at high velocity and carried through a large diameter hose into a large reception bin. Oil and debris become entrained in the high velocity air stream and are carried to the bin for temporary storage. Oil/water separators are recommended to deal with the large volumes of water that may be recovered along with the oil.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10699M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10699M.htm

=LDR  03009nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10697M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10697M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10697M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 11-Submersion Moving Plane Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10697M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10697M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSubmersion moving plane skimmers present a moving plane, typically a conveyor-belt like material, to the oil/water interface and directs it under water to a collection well. The collection well has discharge ports along its bottom, allowing water to be released and providing gravity oil/water separation. With some designs, a wiper assembly at the collection well assists in removing viscous oil from the belt. The skimmer may be used in a stationary or advancing mode. In a stationary mode, oil is moved solely by adhesion to the belt; in advancing mode this is supplemented by hydrodynamic forces.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10697M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10697M.htm

=LDR  03204nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10695M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10695M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10695M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 9-Sorbent Belt Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10695M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10695M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSorbent belt skimmers use an oleophilic belt to recover oil. The belt is made of porous oleophilic material that allows the water to pass through. The belt is positioned at an angle to the water with the leading edge of the belt immersed in the slick. At the top of its rotation the belt passes through a set of rollers where oil and water are removed from the belt through a combination of scraping and squeezing. Viscous oils tend to stay on the surface of the belt and are removed by scraping. Light oils are adsorbed in the mesh of the belt and removed by squeezing. With some models, recovered water may be decanted from the storage tank. Belt skimmers are typically supplied with a flow induction device to draw fluid through the belt and reduce the head wave effect in stationary and advancing modes.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10695M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10695M.htm

=LDR  02802nam  2200565 i 4500
=001  MNL10696M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145399 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120785
=020  \\$a0803120788
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10696M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10696M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD427.P4
=082  04$a628.1/6833$223
=245  00$aChapter 10-Fixed Submersion Plane Skimmers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 34 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10696M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10696M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFixed submersion plane skimmers present a fixed or stationary plane to the oil/water interface as the skimmer is advanced through a slick. The plane causes an oil/water mixture to be submerged, and the buoyant force of the oil directs it up to a collection well. The collection well has discharge ports along its bottom, allowing water to be released and providing gravity oil/water separation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOil separators $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWater Supply. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10696M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10696M.htm

=LDR  03120nam  2200721 i 4500
=001  MNL11824D
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1965||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186460 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803186347
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11824D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11824D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.17$223
=100  1\$aSpaeder, C. E., $eauthor.
=245  10$aElevated-Temperature Properties of Basic-Oxygen Steel / $cC. E. Spaeder.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1965.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (55 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1965, Issue DS40 (July 1965)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11824D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11824D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis symposium was presented during the National Meeting on Steel held in Mexico City, Mexico, Jan. 2429, 1965, under the sponsorship of Committee A-1 on Steel.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1965. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCarbon steel.
=650  \0$aStrain aging.
=650  \0$aImpact properties.
=650  \0$aTransition temperature.
=650  \0$aMicrostructural changes.
=650  \0$aCreep and creep-rupture properties.
=650  \0$aRoom- and elevated-temperature tensile properties.
=650  \0$aMetals $xEffect of high temperatures on.
=650  \0$aSteel $xTesting.
=653  10$acarbon steel.
=653  20$acreep and creep-rupture properties.
=653  20$aroom- and elevated-temperature tensile properties.
=653  20$aimpact properties.
=653  20$atransition temperature.
=653  20$astrain aging.
=653  20$amicrostructural changes.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11824D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11824D.htm

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=008  170503c1974||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186590 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803103849
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11847D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11847D$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a691$223
=100  1\$aHowes, J. E., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Cooperative Study of the Precision of the Measurement of Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere / $cJ. F. Foster, G. H. Beatty, J. E. Howes.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (63 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS55S3 (April 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11847D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11847D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report presents the results obtained from an experimental study of the variability inherent in measurements of particulate matter in the atmosphere using ASTM Method D 1704(1). This procedure measures the optical density of particulate deposits filtered from a measured quantity of ambient air. The report includes a description of the experimental program, together with tabulations of the data and the statistical interpretations of the results.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAerosols $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aDust $xMeasurement.
=700  1\$aBeatty, G. H., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11847D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11847D.htm

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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170827 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170810
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=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL772015001104$bASTM
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=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP339
=082  04$a662/.88$223
=245  00$aChemical Analysis Test Methods for Biofuels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (53 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 77 (October 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL772015001104
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL772015001104".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b26.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are about 50 chemical analysis test method used for the characterization of biofuels. They are summarized in this chapter, including significance of the tests, principles underlying the analysis, and test method precision.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiofuels.
=650  \0$aChemical analysis.
=650  \0$aBiomass energy $xAnalysis.
=653  10$achemical analysis.
=653  20$abiofuels.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL772015001104.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL772015001104.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170827 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170810
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL772015001105$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL772015001105$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP339
=082  04$a662/.88$223
=245  00$aElemental Analysis Test Methods for Biofuels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (30 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 77 (October 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL772015001105
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL772015001105".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b43.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are about 40 test methods for elemental analysis of biofuels. These are described in this chapter, giving information on the significance of these tests in biofuels, the analytical principals involved, and the precision estimates of the test methods.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiofuels.
=650  \0$aElemental analysis.
=650  \0$aBiomass energy $xAnalysis.
=653  10$aelemental analysis.
=653  20$abiofuels.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL772015001105.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL772015001105.htm

=LDR  02621nam  2200577 i 4500
=001  MNL772015001103
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170827 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170810
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL772015001103$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL772015001103$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP339
=082  04$a662/.88$223
=245  00$aPhysical Test Methods for Biofuels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (36 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 77 (October 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL772015001103
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL772015001103".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are about 55 test methods determining physical properties of biofuels. These are discussed with reference to their test significance, principle of analysis, and the test method precision.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiofuels.
=650  \0$aPhysical test for biofuels.
=650  \0$aBiomass energy $xAnalysis.
=653  10$abiofuels.
=653  20$aphysical test for biofuels.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL772015001103.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL772015001103.htm

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=001  MNL772015001108
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170827 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170810
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL772015001108$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL772015001108$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP339
=082  04$a662/.88$223
=245  00$aASTM Proficiency Testing Programs for Biofuels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 77 (October 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL772015001108
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL772015001108".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are two proficiency testing programs conducted by Committee D02 for biofuels: Biodiesel and Fuel Ethanol. These programs are discussed, and data from recent programs are used to illustrate the efficacy of the programs.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiodiesel.
=650  \0$aFuel ethanol.
=650  \0$aProficiency testing programs.
=650  \0$aBiomass energy $xAnalysis.
=653  10$aproficiency testing programs.
=653  20$abiodiesel.
=653  20$afuel ethanol.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL772015001108.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL772015001108.htm

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=001  MNL772015001101
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170827 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170810
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL772015001101$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL772015001101$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP339
=082  04$a662/.88$223
=245  00$aIntroduction to Biofuels and Overview of Analysis Methods.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 77 (October 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL772015001101
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL772015001101".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b41.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA brief history and development of biofuels is given, with an emphasis on work occurring in the United States and Brazil. Ethanol fuel, biodiesel, biolubricant, and aviation biofuels are discussed. Terminology used in the biofuels standards is explained. An overview of analytical test methods used for biofuels is provided.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiofuels.
=650  \0$aBiodiesel.
=650  \0$aBiolubricant.
=650  \0$aFuel ethanol.
=650  \0$aAviation biofuel.
=650  \0$aCellulosic ethanol.
=650  \0$aBQ 9000 quality management.
=650  \0$aBiomass energy $xAnalysis.
=653  10$aaviation biofuel.
=653  20$abiofuels.
=653  20$abiodiesel.
=653  20$abiolubricant.
=653  20$aBQ 9000 quality management.
=653  20$acellulosic ethanol.
=653  20$afuel ethanol.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL772015001101.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL772015001101.htm

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=001  MNL772015001102
=003  IN-ChSCO
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170827 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170810
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL772015001102$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL772015001102$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP339
=082  04$a662/.88$223
=245  00$aBiofuels Product Specifications.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 77 (October 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL772015001102
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL772015001102".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are about a dozen ASTM product specifications that relate to biofuels. These are summarized in this chapter and the specified parameters are discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMTBE specifications.
=650  \0$aBiofuel specifications.
=650  \0$aGasoline specifications.
=650  \0$aBiodiesel specifications.
=650  \0$aButanol fuel specification.
=650  \0$aFuel ethanol specifications.
=650  \0$aPyrolysis liquid biofuel specification.
=650  \0$aTriglyceride burner fuel specifications.
=650  \0$aBiomass energy $xAnalysis.
=653  10$abiofuel specifications.
=653  20$abiodiesel specifications.
=653  20$abutanol fuel specification.
=653  20$afuel ethanol specifications.
=653  20$agasoline specifications.
=653  20$aMTBE specifications.
=653  20$apyrolysis liquid biofuel specification.
=653  20$atriglyceride burner fuel specifications.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL772015001102.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL772015001102.htm

=LDR  02683nam  2200577 i 4500
=001  MNL772015001106
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170827 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170810
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL772015001106$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL772015001106$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP339
=082  04$a662/.88$223
=245  00$aEnvironmental Analysis Test Methods for Biofuels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 77 (October 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL772015001106
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL772015001106".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are several test methods that can be classified as environmental tests for biofuels and petroleum products. These are discussed in this chapter in context of their significance, principle of analysis, and test precision where available.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiofuels.
=650  \0$aEnvironmental test methods.
=650  \0$aBiomass energy $xAnalysis.
=653  10$abiofuels.
=653  20$aenvironmental test methods.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL772015001106.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL772015001106.htm

=LDR  02622nam  2200577 i 4500
=001  MNL772015001107
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=020  \\$a9780803170827 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170810
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL772015001107$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL772015001107$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP339
=082  04$a662/.88$223
=245  00$aTest Methods for Bioenergy from Biomass.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 77 (October 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL772015001107
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL772015001107".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are about a dozen ASTM standards that apply to bioenergy materials issued by ASTM E48 Committee. These are summarized here regarding the test significance, test summary, and test precision, where available.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBioenergy.
=650  \0$aAnalysis methods.
=650  \0$aBiomass energy $xAnalysis.
=653  10$abioenergy.
=653  20$aanalysis methods.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL772015001107.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL772015001107.htm

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=001  MNL11939D
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=008  170503c1974||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD885.5
=082  04$a360$223
=100  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Coopertative Study of the Precision and Accuracy of the Measurement of Sulfur Dioxide Content in the Atmosphere / $cJ. F. Foster, G. H. Beatty.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (78 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS55S1 (March 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11939D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11939D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b16.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report presents the results obtained from an experimental study of the accuracy and precision of the measurement of atmospheric levels of sulfur dioxide by the West-Gaeke method according to ASTM Method D 2914(1) . The evaluation of D 2914 was performed as part of the first phase of Project Threshold, a comprehensive program to validate ASTM methods of measuring various atmospheric contaminants, including also nitrogen dioxide, lead, dustfall, total sulfation, and particulate matter in Phase 1.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAir $xPollution $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aSulfur dioxide.
=700  1\$aBeatty, G. H., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11939D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11939D.htm

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=050  \4$aTA418.8
=082  04$a620/.43$223
=245  00$aManual on Test Sieving Methods : $bGuidelines for Establishing Sieve Analysis Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (66 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 32 (January 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL322012000201
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL322012000201".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b16.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aStandard test sieves (Fig. 1) that conform to ASTM Specification E11 are a series of test sieves with intervals based on a fixed ratio of 4?2:1 between opening sizes (Table 1). The concept, pioneered by Peter Ritter von Rittinger of Austria in 1867, was first introduced in the United States in 1910 and has since achieved worldwide use. The number of sieves in the series and the intervals of the opening sizes have proven to be ideal for analytical separation of particulate materials to designated sizes using sieves. Since 1910, many countries have adopted national sieve standards on the basis of the same fixed ratio as the ASTM E11 Specification.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aParticle size determination $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSieves $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aGranular materials $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL322012000201.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL322012000201.htm

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=245  00$aProcedures, Corrections, and Reporting.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 72 (July 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL722012000307
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL722012000307".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 7 deals with the general principles upon which the various flash point test methods are based, as well as the similarities and differences among the different flash point test methods. In addition the chapter discusses the correction required to transform observed flash point results during the test to flash point values for standard atmospheric pressure at sea level.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFilm formation.
=650  \0$aBarometric pressure.
=650  \0$aDynamic flash point.
=650  \0$aOpen-cup flash point.
=650  \0$aClosed-cup flash point.
=650  \0$aEquilibrium flash point.
=650  \0$aFlash point masking phenomenon.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids.
=650  \0$aFlash point (Thermodynamics)
=653  10$aBarometric pressure.
=653  20$aclosed-cup flash point.
=653  20$aopen-cup flash point.
=653  20$adynamic flash point.
=653  20$aequilibrium flash point.
=653  20$afilm formation.
=653  20$aflash point masking phenomenon.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL722012000307.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL722012000307.htm

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=050  \4$aTP361
=082  04$a621.402/1$223
=245  00$aFlash Point Apparatus and Auxiliary Equipment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 72 (July 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL722012000304
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL722012000304".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 4 discusses the details, and shows examples of, the many different designs of flash point apparatus available for flash point determination.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aContinuously closed-cup tester (CCCFP)
=650  \0$aTag open-cup tester.
=650  \0$aTag close-cup tester.
=650  \0$aAbel closed-cup tester.
=650  \0$aCleveland open-cup tester.
=650  \0$aSmall-scale closed cup tester.
=650  \0$aPensky-Martens closed-cup tester.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids.
=650  \0$aFlash point (Thermodynamics)
=653  10$aTag close-cup tester.
=653  20$aTag open-cup tester.
=653  20$aPensky-Martens closed-cup tester.
=653  20$aCleveland open-cup tester.
=653  20$asmall-scale closed cup tester.
=653  20$aAbel closed-cup tester.
=653  20$acontinuously closed-cup tester (CCCFP).
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL722012000304.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL722012000304.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170407
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=245  00$aGetting Ready and Staying Ready : $bPreparation, Verification, and Maintenance of Apparatus.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 72 (July 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL722012000306
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL722012000306".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 6 describes the aspects of installation and set up of the flash point apparatus prior to use; calibration and standardization of the apparatus; verification of the validity of test result; maintenance of the instrument; and a brief troubleshooting guide related to the test result.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCertified reference material (CRM)
=650  \0$aCalibration.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids.
=650  \0$aFlash point (Thermodynamics)
=653  10$aCalibration.
=653  20$acertified reference material (CRM).
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL722012000306.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL722012000306.htm

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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170414 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170407
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL722012000309$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL722012000309$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP361
=082  04$a621.402/1$223
=245  00$aFlash Point Relationships.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 72 (July 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL722012000309
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL722012000309".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 9 explores the barometric correction applied to flash point test results, the bias between the various test methods, the effect of viscosity on flash point results, and the relationship between flash point and various measures of volatility such as boiling point and boiling range data from simulated distillation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aViscosity effect.
=650  \0$aBarometric correction.
=650  \0$aSimulated distillation.
=650  \0$aManual flash point results.
=650  \0$aAutomated flash point results.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids.
=650  \0$aFlash point (Thermodynamics)
=653  10$aBarometric correction.
=653  20$aautomated flash point results.
=653  20$amanual flash point results.
=653  20$aviscosity effect.
=653  20$asimulated distillation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL722012000309.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL722012000309.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170414 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170407
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL722012000303$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL722012000303$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP361
=082  04$a621.402/1$223
=245  00$aExplanation and Definition of Terms.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 72 (July 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL722012000303
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL722012000303".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 3 discusses aspects of combustion with and without an ignition source, and its relationship to flash point, flash point apparatus, and flash point test method. A general discussion on flash point apparatus and testing procedure is given. It also discusses two special situations encountered in flash point determination, namely film formation and flash point masking.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCombustion.
=650  \0$aFlash point.
=650  \0$aAutoignition.
=650  \0$aFilm formation.
=650  \0$aFlash point masking.
=650  \0$aTag closed-cup tester.
=650  \0$aSpontaneous combustion.
=650  \0$aCleveland open-cup tester.
=650  \0$aContinuously closed-cup tester.
=650  \0$aSmall-scale flash point tester.
=650  \0$aPensky-Martens closed-cup tester.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids.
=650  \0$aFlash point (Thermodynamics)
=653  10$aCombustion.
=653  20$aautoignition.
=653  20$aspontaneous combustion.
=653  20$aflash point.
=653  20$afilm formation.
=653  20$aflash point masking.
=653  20$aTag closed-cup tester.
=653  20$aPensky-Martens closed-cup tester.
=653  20$aCleveland open-cup tester.
=653  20$asmall-scale flash point tester.
=653  20$acontinuously closed-cup tester.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL722012000305".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 5 examines the processes and strategies required to ensure obtaining a representative sample for use in flash point determination.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSampling.
=650  \0$aLab sample.
=650  \0$aField sample.
=650  \0$aTank sampling.
=650  \0$aSample storage.
=650  \0$aPipeline sampling.
=650  \0$aComposite sampling.
=650  \0$aMarine cargo sampling.
=650  \0$aProportional sampling.
=650  \0$aPrecooling temperature.
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=650  \0$aFlammable liquids.
=650  \0$aFlash point (Thermodynamics)
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=653  20$asample storage.
=653  20$aprecooling temperature.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=245  04$aThe Significance and Current Use of Flash Point Test Methods.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL722012000302
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL722012000302".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b36.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 2 deals with the general significance, use, and application of flash point in various ASTM test methods and specifications.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=650  \0$aSetaflash tester.
=650  \0$aTag closed-cup tester.
=650  \0$aCleveland open-cup tester.
=650  \0$aFlash point specifications.
=650  \0$aSmall-scale closed-cup tester.
=650  \0$aPensky-Martens closed-cup tester.
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=650  \0$aFlammable liquids.
=650  \0$aFlash point (Thermodynamics)
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=653  20$aPensky-Martens closed-cup tester.
=653  20$aCleveland open-cup tester.
=653  20$asmall-scale closed-cup tester.
=653  20$aSetaflash tester.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=245  00$aPrecision of Flash Point Test Methods.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL722012000308".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b28.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 8 gives information regarding the precision values associated with the different flash point test methods, and the nature of the samples upon which the precision statements are based. A brief discussion of experimental errors is given, as well as the process involved in determining test method precision using interlaboratory studies.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPrecision.
=650  \0$aRepeatability.
=650  \0$aDeterminability.
=650  \0$aReproducibility.
=650  \0$aRoundrobin study.
=650  \0$aExperimental error.
=650  \0$aInterlaboratory study.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids.
=650  \0$aFlash point (Thermodynamics)
=653  10$aPrecision.
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=653  20$areproducibility.
=653  20$aexperimental error.
=653  20$ainterlaboratory study.
=653  20$aroundrobin study.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=082  04$a661/.81$223
=245  00$aFundamental Constants and Conversion Factors.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1988.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue DS4B (May 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12003D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12003D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1988. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHydrocarbons $xTables.
=650  \0$aHydrocarbons.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
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=245  00$aGeneral Data.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1988.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue DS4B (May 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12002D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12002D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPure component properties are required for nearly all of the procedures in the API Technical Data Book. This chapter provides a compilation of properties for many hydrocarbon plus selected nonhydrocarbon compounds. The compounds and properties chosen for inclusion here are those deemed most useful in petroleum refining and associated industries. Further information on some hydrocarbons and many nonhydrocarbons may be found in the Design Institute for Physical Properties Research (DIPPR) Data Compilation: Tables of Properties of Pure Compounds (50). The majority of data for the compounds presented here was taken from the following sources (in order of priority)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1988. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHydrocarbons $xTables.
=650  \0$aHydrocarbons.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12002D.
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=245  00$aSection 1C. Property Definitions.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1988.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue DS4B (May 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12005D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12005D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe data in Chapter 1 are divided into four main tables, as listed below: 1C1 HydrocarbonsPrimary Properties 1C2 HydrocarbonsSecondary Properties 1C3 NonhydrocarbonsPrimary Properties 1C4 NonhydrocarbonsSecondary Properties.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1988. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHydrocarbons $xTables.
=650  \0$aHydrocarbons.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12005D.
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=245  00$aLetter Symbols for the Principal Concepts Used in Chemical Engineering.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue DS4B (May 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12004D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12004D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe letter symbols for the concepts most widely used in chemical engineering are listed on the following pages.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1988. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHydrocarbons $xTables.
=650  \0$aHydrocarbons.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12004D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12004D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD885.5
=082  04$a360$223
=100  1\$aHowes, J. E., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Coopertative Study of the Precision and Accuracy of the Measurement of Total Sulfation in the Atmosphere / $cJ. F. Foster, G. H. Beatty, J. E. Howes.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (45 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS55S2 (April 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11942D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11942D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report presents the results obtained from an experimental study of the variability inherent in measurements of total sulfation, using ASTM Method D 2010(1). The evaluation of Method D 2010 was performed as part of the first phase of Project Threshold, a comprehensive program to validate ASTM methods for measuring various atmospheric contaminants. In addition, methods for measuring the content of nitrogen dioxide (D 1607), sulfur dioxide (D 2914), lead (D 3112), dustfall (D 1739), and particulate matter (D 1704) in the atmosphere have also been evaluated during Phase 1.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAir $xPollution $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aSulfur dioxide.
=700  1\$aBeatty, G. H., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=100  1\$aSyre, Robert P., $eauthor.
=245  10$aZirconium Activities in Europe : $b19451984 / $cRobert P. Syre.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12108R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12108R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b34.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe production of nuclear-grade zirconium sponge and the fabrication of zirconium-base alloys have been considered vital in some European countries, because of the need for zirconium independence for military (atomic bomb) or economic (nuclear power plant) reasons. This paper describes the various steps of this scientific and industrial development, mainly from 1950 to 1984, in which mostly the Federal Republic of Germany and France were involved. The important improvements brought by Europe to the basic processes are pointed out, and the present status of the European zirconium industry is described. The original paper was published by ASTM International in STP 939, Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Seventh International Symposium, 1987, pp. 3546.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHafnium.
=650  \0$aZirconium sponge.
=650  \0$aZirconium history.
=650  \0$aZirconium economics.
=650  \0$aZirconium fabricated products.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$azirconium.
=653  20$ahafnium.
=653  20$azirconium sponge.
=653  20$azirconium fabricated products.
=653  20$azirconium history.
=653  20$azirconium economics.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12108R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12108R.htm

=LDR  02432nam  2200553 i 4500
=001  MNL12122R
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
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=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184213 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170186
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12122R$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aSchemel, John H., $eauthor.
=245  10$aEvolution of the Beta-Quench Process : $bKroll Medal Award Presentation, 2001 / $cJohn H. Schemel.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12122R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12122R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aReprinted with permission from John Schemel.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12122R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12122R.htm

=LDR  04049nam  2200877 i 4500
=001  MNL12114R
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
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=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184213 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170186
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12114R$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12114R$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aPickman, David O., $eauthor.
=245  10$aZirconium Alloy Performance in Light Water Reactors : $bA Review of UK and Scandinavian Experience / $cDavid O. Pickman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12114R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12114R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b37.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aVarious aspects of zirconium alloy development for light water reactors in the UK and Scandinavia are reviewed, including the contribution made by some unique nuclear testing facilities. Among the problems encountered were the irradiation enhancement of corrosion and hydrogen pickup, crud deposition, iodine-induced stress-corrosion cracking on power ramping, and severe cladding deformation in loss-of-coolant accident conditions. The causes and behavior of defect, including hydride defects and fretting corrosion, are discussed. The original paper was published by ASTM International in STP 1245, Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Tenth International Symposium, 1994, pp. 1932.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCorrosion.
=650  \0$aHydriding.
=650  \0$aNuclcar fuel.
=650  \0$aFuel rod defects.
=650  \0$aStress corrosion.
=650  \0$aZirconium alloys.
=650  \0$aNuclear materials.
=650  \0$aRadiation effects.
=650  \0$aFretting corrosion.
=650  \0$aNeutron irradiation.
=650  \0$aNuclear applications.
=650  \0$aLoss-of-coolant accidents.
=650  \0$aPallet-clad mechanical interaction.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$azirconium alloys.
=653  20$anuclcar fuel.
=653  20$acorrosion.
=653  20$ahydriding.
=653  20$astress corrosion.
=653  20$afretting corrosion.
=653  20$apallet-clad mechanical interaction.
=653  20$aloss-of-coolant accidents.
=653  20$afuel rod defects.
=653  20$aneutron irradiation.
=653  20$azirconium.
=653  20$anuclear materials.
=653  20$anuclear applications.
=653  20$aradiation effects.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12114R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12114R.htm

=LDR  03688nam  2200553 i 4500
=001  MNL12127R
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184213 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170186
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12127R$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12127R$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aSanders, B. J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aZirconium Corrosion Resistance : $bKey to Success of the Methanol Carbonylation Acetic Acid Process / $cB. J. Sanders.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12127R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12127R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe global demand for acetic acid is around fourteen (14) billion pounds per year, of which twenty (20) percent is provided by recycling, and the balance is new production. The methanol carbonylation technology to produce synthetic acetic acid accounts for nearly ninety (90) percent of the new production. This technology was invented and commercialized by Monsanto Company during the late 1960's and early 1970's and zirconium alloys have evolved as the material of choice for containing the very corrosive process streams. This paper deals with the process technology development and the evolution of the use of zirconium since construction of the original plant, which had no zirconium, to an aggregate total of more than 6.5 million pounds in the twenty-three (23) plants currently operating around the world and using the methanol carbonylation technology. An additional three (3) plants are being commissioned or constructed or have been announced and these collectively will consume another estimated 1.0 million pounds of zirconium. Many of the common types of chemical processing equipment are utilized in these acetic acid plants and nearly all farms of zirconium mill products were used during the fabrication of equipment. Reprinted with permission from B. J. Sanders.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12127R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12127R.htm

=LDR  03267nam  2200625 i 4500
=001  MNL12121R
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184213 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170186
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12121R$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12121R$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aLemaignan, Clment, $eauthor.
=245  10$aPhysical Phenomena Concerning Corrosion under Irradiation of Zr Alloys / $cClment Lemaignan.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12121R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12121R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b42.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe phenomena involved in the corrosion enhancement of Zr alloys under irradiation are analyzed. Among the basic mechanisms concerned, some are related to changes in microstructure of the alloy due to irradiation (precipitate evolution under irradiation and amorphous transformation), others to the transformation of the oxide layer (ZrO2) induced by neutron damage (irradiation-induced phase transformation of the zirconia). The effect of water chemistry and of the ionizing ? photons on the insulating zirconia will also be discussed. The original paper was published by ASTM International in STP 1423, Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Thirteenth International Symposium, 2002, pp. 2029.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCorrosion.
=650  \0$aZr alloys.
=650  \0$aHigh-temperature water.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$acorrosion.
=653  20$aZr alloys.
=653  20$ahigh-temperature water.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12121R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12121R.htm

=LDR  03856nam  2200793 i 4500
=001  MNL12126R
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184213 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170186
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12126R$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12126R$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aGriffiths, M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMicrostructure Evolution in Zr Alloys during Irradiation : $bDose, Dose Rate, and Impurity Dependence / $cM. Griffiths.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12126R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12126R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b31.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe performance of zirconium alloys in BWR, PWR, and PHWR nuclear reactors is dependent on the microstructure. Accordingly, the characterization of the microstructure is an integral part of any study conducted to develop models for in-reactor performance. Although the as-fabricated microstructure (texture, grain size, dislocation density, and phase or precipitate distribution) determines the basic physical properties of a given component, there are changes that occur during irradiation that can have a significant effect on these properties. Microstructures that illustrate specific features of the radiation damage that forms in Zr alloys will be illustrated and discussed in terms of the dose, dose rate, and impurity factors that are applicable. The original paper was published by ASTM International in the Journal of ASTM International, December 2007.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aClimb.
=650  \0$aVacancy.
=650  \0$aCavities.
=650  \0$aIrradiation.
=650  \0$aInterstitial.
=650  \0$aPoint defects.
=650  \0$aRadiation damage.
=650  \0$aDislocation loops.
=650  \0$aFast neutron flux.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$azirconium.
=653  20$airradiation.
=653  20$afast neutron flux.
=653  20$adpa.
=653  20$aradiation damage.
=653  20$apoint defects.
=653  20$avacancy.
=653  20$ainterstitial.
=653  20$adislocation loops.
=653  20$acavities.
=653  20$aclimb.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12126R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12126R.htm

=LDR  03685nam  2200697 i 4500
=001  MNL12119R
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184213 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170186
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12119R$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12119R$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aCharquet, Daniel, $eauthor.
=245  10$aMicrostructure and Properties of Zirconium Alloys in the Absence of Irradiation / $cDaniel Charquet.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12119R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12119R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b25.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn order to optimize zirconium-based alloys, it is usually necessary to understand the relationships and interaction between four different types of parameters: chemical composition, manufacturing process, metallurgical characteristics, and functional properties Examples for various materials show that corrosion resistance depends on the texture and density, distribution, and composition of the precipitate particles. The precipitate composition is determined not only by the alloy chemistry, but also by other factors, such as the cooling rate from the beta phase range. It is also pointed out that some parameters can have opposite effets on nodular and uniform corrosion. Finally, the effects of some impurity elements are described, especially the effect of sulfur on creep and of chlorine on microstructure. The original paper was published by ASTM International in STP 1354, Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Twelfth International Symposium, 2000, pp. 314.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAlloys.
=650  \0$aTexture.
=650  \0$aCorrosion.
=650  \0$aComposition.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$azirconium.
=653  20$aalloys.
=653  20$acomposition.
=653  20$amicrostructure.
=653  20$atexture.
=653  20$acorrosion.
=653  20$acreep.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12119R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12119R.htm

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=001  MNL12101R
=003  IN-ChSCO
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184213 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170186
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12101R$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12101R$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aAdamson, Ronald B., $eauthor.
=245  10$aIntroduction to the Kroll Zirconium Medal Papers Book / $cRonald B. Adamson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12101R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12101R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe WILLIAM J. KROLL ZIRCONIUM MEDAL was established to recognize outstanding achievement in the scientific, technological or commercial aspects of zirconium production and utilization, and to encourage future efforts, studies and research. Once regarded as a rare metallurgical curiosity, this exotic metal has been proven to possess exceptional properties, which made it suitable for use in nuclear reactors, and to possess exceptional resistance to corrosion in most media.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12101R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12101R.htm

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=100  1\$aNichols, F. A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMechanistic Modeling of Zircaloy Deformation and Fracture in Fuel Element Analysis / $cF. A. Nichols.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12107R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12107R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b48.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA review is given of the comprehensive model developed in the 1960s at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory to explain the creep of Zircaloy during neutron irradiation and applied to fuel to element analysis and design. The in-pile softening observed at low stresses was hypothesized to be due to a combination of the growth-directed Roberts-Cottrell yielding creep originally proposed for ?-uranium and the formation of point defect loops preferentially on certain planes in response to the applied stress, with the second process being of relatively greater importance. The in-pile hardening observed at high stresses (or strain-rates) was proposed to be due to the cutting by dislocations of radiation-produced obstacles. In this stress (strain-rates) region, in-pile behavior was proposed to be identical to post-irradiation behavior. At intermediate stresses (strain-rates) a mechanism of radiation-enhanced climb around obstacles was suggested as being rate-controlling. As the stress is decreased, the climb process becomes easier, and the rate was then predicted to be controlled by glide at a flow-stress characteristic of unirradiated, annealed material, where radiation-enhanced diffusion enabled climbing around the normal strain-hardening obstacles. At still lower stresses, this glide process became negligibly slow compared with the growth-connected creep mechanism that was presumed to operate independently. The overall scheme was shown to be in good agreement with all the in-pile data then available and implemented into the computer analysis of fuel element behavior. The original paper was published by ASTM International in STP 939, Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Seventh International Symposium, 1987, pp. 522.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStrain.
=650  \0$aStress.
=650  \0$aTexture.
=650  \0$aFracture.
=650  \0$aModelling.
=650  \0$aZircaloy-2.
=650  \0$aDamage rate.
=650  \0$aDeformation.
=650  \0$aStrain rate.
=650  \0$aTemperature.
=650  \0$aIrradiation creep.
=650  \0$aIrradiation growth.
=650  \0$aNeutron irradiation.
=650  \0$aMechanical properties.
=650  \0$aNuclear fuel cladding.
=650  \0$aPressurized water reactor.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$azirconium.
=653  20$aZircaloy-2.
=653  20$aneutron irradiation.
=653  20$airradiation growth.
=653  20$airradiation creep.
=653  20$astress.
=653  20$atemperature.
=653  20$adamage rate.
=653  20$adose.
=653  20$astrain.
=653  20$astrain rate.
=653  20$atexture.
=653  20$amechanical properties.
=653  20$apressurized water reactor.
=653  20$adeformation.
=653  20$amodelling.
=653  20$anuclear fuel cladding.
=653  20$afracture.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12107R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12107R.htm

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=100  1\$aBanker, John G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aExplosion Cladding : $bAn Enabling Technology for Zirconium in the Chemical Process Industry / $cJohn G. Banker.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12128R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12128R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b27.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aZirconium is a commonly used material for containment of corrosive media by the chemical process industry (CPI). Zirconium's corrosion resistance is exceptional in a broad range of aggressively corosive environments. However, zirconium is significantly more expensive than most of the alternative, but often inferior, corrosion resistant alloys. Explosion cladding has enabled CPI companies to cost effectively benefit from the superior performance features of zirconium in heavy-wall pressure vessels and heat exchangers. Explosion cladding is a unique technology that uses the energy of an explosive detonation to produce a metallurgical bond between metal plates. Since its discovery and industrialization in the 1960s, explosion cladding has proven to be a highly reliable, robust manufacturing technology. Zirconium clad has become a broadly accepted material of construction for a significant range of chemical process equipment. Zirconium clad equipment is used in manufacture of an extensive range of chemical products or intermediates including nitric acid, acetic acid, urea, and various organic acids. Zirconium clad and related design, manufacture, and fabrication processes have been shown to be highly reliable and to reduce both capital and opening cost. The original paper was published by ASTM International in the Journal of ASTM International, July 2010.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aExplosion clad.
=650  \0$aHeat exchangers.
=650  \0$aPressure vessels.
=650  \0$aCorrosion control.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$azirconium.
=653  20$aclad.
=653  20$aexplosion clad.
=653  20$acorrosion control.
=653  20$apressure vessels.
=653  20$aheat exchangers.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12128R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12128R.htm

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=100  1\$aMishima, Yoshitsugu, $eauthor.
=245  10$aForty-One Years with Zirconium / $cYoshitsugu Mishima.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12109R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12109R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aReprinted from Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 27, Y. Mishima, Forty-One Years with Zirconium pp. 285292, 1990 with permission from The Atomic Energy Society of Japan.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12109R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12109R.htm

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=100  1\$aNikulina, Antonina V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMetal Science Aspects of Zirconium-Base Reactor Material Production in the Soviet Union / $cAntonina V. Nikulina.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12112R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12112R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aReprinted with permission from the Bochvar Institute, VNIINM.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12112R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12112R.htm

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=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aRobertson, J. A. L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aLearning from History : $bA Case Study in Nuclear Fuel / $cJ. A. L. Robertson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12115R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12115R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b28.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe award of the 1993 W. J. Kroll Zirconium Medal recognized the value of cooperative, multidisciplinary, applied research in tackling practical problems. This paper suggests that several other lessons relevant to the current debate on science-and-technology (S&T) policy can be drawn from our experience a quarter of a century ago. It outlines how close cooperation among those involved with the fuel for the Canadian CANDU heavy-water reactors identified a problem, then proceeded to solve it expeditiously. This capability for a rapid response to an unforeseen problem was no accident, but arose out of the conditions that existed at the Chalk River Laboratory of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) and a deliberate policy to maintain this capability even when the utility's power reactors were demonstrating excellent performance. The original paper was published by ASTM International in STP 1295, Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Eleventh International Symposium, 1996, pp. 311.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHistory.
=650  \0$aNuclear fuel.
=650  \0$aScience policy.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$anuclear fuel.
=653  20$ahistory.
=653  20$ascience policy.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12115R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12115R.htm

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=001  MNL12106R
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=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aPicklesimer, M. L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAnisotropy in Zircaloy / $cM. L. Picklesimer.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12106R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12106R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b40.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe early days of the development of the study of the anisotropy in Zircaloy in the Zirconium Metallurgy Group, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory are discussed. A program of research on developing zirconium base alloys for service in the Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor at Oak Ridge led to the long term study of anistropy of mechanical properties in Zircaloy and its relationship to the preferred orientation developed in the material by the fabrication procedures used. The history of the early research program is related, without review of the extensive technical data reported in the literature then and later. The study led to the development, ultimately, of a better understanding of the relationship between fabrication variables and the anisotropy of properties resulting, and an improvement in the commercial production of Zircaloy tubing. The tubing is the cladding for the uranium oxide fuel pellets used in light water reactors producing electrical power commercially throughout the world. The original paper was published by ASTM International in STP 939, Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Seventh International Symposium, 1987, pp. 2334.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlate.
=650  \0$aSheet.
=650  \0$aTubing.
=650  \0$aTexture.
=650  \0$aZirealoy.
=650  \0$aAnisotropy.
=650  \0$aZircaloy-2.
=650  \0$aFabrication.
=650  \0$aPole figures.
=650  \0$aMechanical properties.
=650  \0$aPreferred oirentation.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$azirconium.
=653  20$aZirealoy.
=653  20$aZircaloy-2.
=653  20$aanisotropy.
=653  20$amechanical properties.
=653  20$afabrication.
=653  20$atexture.
=653  20$apreferred oirentation.
=653  20$atubing.
=653  20$aplate.
=653  20$asheet.
=653  20$apole figures.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12106R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12106R.htm

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=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
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=100  1\$aRickover, Admiral H. G., $eauthor.
=245  14$aThe Decision to Use Zirconium in Nuclear Reactors / $cAdmiral H. G. Rickover.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12102R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12102R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aReprinted with permission from the estate of Admiral H. G. Rickover.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12102R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12102R.htm

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=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
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=100  1\$aGuerin, Jean, $eauthor.
=245  14$aThe Origins of the Discovery of the New Cezus Process for Separating Zirconium and Hafnium by Extractive Distillation / $cJean Guerin, Paul Besson, Pierre Brun.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12110R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12110R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPresented at the Kroll Medal Award Ceremony in Kobe, Japan, November 1990 at the ASTM Ninth Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry. Reprinted with permission from Pierre Brun.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=700  1\$aBesson, Paul, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aBrun, Pierre, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12110R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12110R.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
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=100  1\$aStephens, William W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aExtractive Metallurgy of Zirconium1945 to the Present / $cWilliam W. Stephens.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (34 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12105R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12105R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b55.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAlthough the history of thr reduction of zirconium dates from 1824 and the first ductile zirconium metal was produced in the laboratory in 1914. modern reduction practice was pioneered by the U.S. Bureau of Mines starting in 1945.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHafnium.
=650  \0$aZinconium.
=650  \0$aChlorination.
=650  \0$aKroll process.
=650  \0$aNuclear metals.
=650  \0$aZirconium oxide.
=650  \0$aSodium reduction.
=650  \0$aCarbochlorination.
=650  \0$aSolvent extraction.
=650  \0$aMagnesium reduction.
=650  \0$aExtractive metallurgy.
=650  \0$aZirconium carbonitride.
=650  \0$aMoltensalt electrolysis.
=650  \0$aReactor-grade zirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium tetrachloride.
=650  \0$aZirconium-hafnium separation.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$azinconium.
=653  20$ahafnium.
=653  20$amagnesium reduction.
=653  20$asodium reduction.
=653  20$amoltensalt electrolysis.
=653  20$azirconium-hafnium separation.
=653  20$achlorination.
=653  20$acarbochlorination.
=653  20$asolvent extraction.
=653  20$aextractive metallurgy.
=653  20$areactor-grade zirconium.
=653  20$anuclear metals.
=653  20$azirconium oxide.
=653  20$azirconium tetrachloride.
=653  20$azirconium carbonitride.
=653  20$aKroll process.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12105R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12105R.htm

=LDR  04720nam  2200625 i 4500
=001  MNL12140R
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aCheadle, B. A., $eauthor.
=245  14$aThe Development of Zr-2.5Nb Pressure Tubes for CANDU Reactors / $cB. A. Cheadle.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12140R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12140R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe first reactor to use zirconium alloy tubes to contain hot pressurized water as a heat transport medium was the Hanford N reactor in 1962. For this reactor, three companies that had suitable extrusion and cold working equipment were given contracts to produce Zircaloy-2 tubes. All the companies were successful, and tubes from each company were installed in the reactor. When Canada decided to design and build a power reactor (nuclear power demonstration (NPD)), it elected to use the pressure tube concept and gave a contract to one of the companies (Chase Bass) to fabricate the Zircaloy-2 tubes. Douglas Point and Pickering Units 1 and 2 followed NPD, and all used similar Zircaloy-2 pressure tubes. A stronger tube was desired in order to thin the wall and improve the neutron economy. An alloy development program in the USSR had shown that the alloy Zr-2.5Nb looked very promising as a stronger alloy than Zircaloy-2, and both the USSR and Canada developed this alloy and subsequently used Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes in their reactors. When both the Zircaloy-2 and Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes were first installed in the reactors, several important properties and characteristics such as hydrogen ingress into the metal from corrosion in water, the enhancement of creep by neutron irradiation, shape change by neutron irradiation, reduction in fracture toughness by neutron irradiation, and delayed hydride cracking were not appreciated. These properties all led to problems during the service lives of the early tubes. Large research programs investigated these properties and showed that the ?-grain size, shape, and crystallographic texture, the distribution of the ?-phase, the dislocation type, and density as well as the micro-chemistry controlled the in-reactor properties of the tubes. This information enabled the design and operation of the reactors to be changed so that the tubes had satisfactory service lives. In addition, the information was used to fabricate tubes that had much improved properties and service lives. The original paper was published by ASTM International in the Journal of ASTM International, August 2010.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFabrication.
=650  \0$aCANDU reactors.
=650  \0$aZr-2.5Nb pressure tubes.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$aZr-2.5Nb pressure tubes.
=653  20$aCANDU reactors.
=653  20$afabrication.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12140R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12140R.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170186
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12104R$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12104R$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aLustman, B., $eauthor.
=245  10$aZirconium TechnologyTwenty Years of Evolution / $cB. Lustman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12104R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12104R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aProgress since 1955 in the technology of zirconium and its alloys is reviewed primarily from an applications viewpoint. A number of favorable features have been uncovered as their use broadened as well as problem areas which required accommodation in design or lifetime. Zirconium technology has reached its present stage of development as a result of world-wide contributions. The original paper was published by ASTM International in STP 681, Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry (Fourth Conference), 1979, pp. 518.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aZircaloy.
=650  \0$aZirconium production.
=650  \0$aZirconium technology.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$azirconium.
=653  20$azircaloy.
=653  20$azirconium technology.
=653  20$azirconium production.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12104R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12104R.htm

=LDR  04601nam  2200805 i 4500
=001  MNL12113R
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=008  170503c2010||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803170186
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12113R$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12113R$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.Z7
=082  04$a620.1/89352$223
=100  1\$aRosenbaum, Herman S., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDevelopment of ZirconiumBarrier Fuel Cladding / $cJoseph Sam Armijo, Louis F. Coffin, Herman S. Rosenbaum.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue RPS2 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12113R
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12113R".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b33.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis paper was prepared for the 1991 Kroll Award. A review is presented of the development of barrier fuel. It includes the recognition of the pellet-cladding interaction (PCI) fuel failure mode and of a coordinated program to develop understanding, mitigation strategies, and a fuel that is resistant to this failure mode. The efforts to understand PCI led to the conclusion that the dominant mechanism is stress-corrosion cracking of the Zircaloy. The invention and development of zirconium-barrier fuel was intended to provide a materials solution to this fuel failure made. This review includes the work to understand the failure mechanism as well as the program to develop PCI-resistant fuel designs. Ultimately, the zirconium-barrier fuel was tested in power ramps to ascertain and to quantify the resistance to PCI under expected service conditions in commercial boiling water reactors (BWRs). The program that led to a large-scale demonstration in a commercial power plant (Quad Cities-2) is described briefly. Subsequent to that, program work continued with in-reactor load following and experiments in a test reactor on power cycling of barrier fuel. Finally, the performance of failed fuel is discussed briefly. The original paper was published by ASTM International in STP 1245, Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry: Tenth International Symposium, 1994, pp. 318.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aZirconium alloys.
=650  \0$aNuclear materials.
=650  \0$aRadiation effects.
=650  \0$aNuclear applications.
=650  \0$aIn-reactor fuel tests.
=650  \0$aNuclear fuel cladding.
=650  \0$aLarge-scale demonstrations.
=650  \0$aIn-reactor fuel performance.
=650  \0$aPellet-cladding interaction.
=650  \0$aZirconium.
=650  \0$aZirconium $xResearch $xAwards.
=653  10$anuclear fuel cladding.
=653  20$azirconium.
=653  20$apellet-cladding interaction.
=653  20$alarge-scale demonstrations.
=653  20$ain-reactor fuel tests.
=653  20$ain-reactor fuel performance.
=653  20$azirconium alloys.
=653  20$anuclear materials.
=653  20$anuclear applications.
=653  20$aradiation effects.
=700  1\$aArmijo, Joseph Sam, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aCoffin, Louis F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12113R.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12113R.htm

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=001  MNL11951D
=003  IN-ChSCO
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=008  170503c1978||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803100879 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803103061
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11951D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11951D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQP458
=082  04$a612.8/6$223
=100  1\$aFazzalari, F. A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCompilation of Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data / $cF. A. Fazzalari.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1978.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (499 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1978, Issue DS48A (February 1978)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11951D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11951D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe editor would like to express his sincere appreciation to the members of ASTM Committee E-18 on Sensory Evaluation and Products and to the employees of the organizations listed below who gave freely of their time while their employers financed this endeavor:.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1978. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSmell $xThreshold $xData processing.
=650  \0$aTaste $xThreshold $xData processing.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation $xData processing.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation $xData processing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11951D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11951D.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145450 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120853
=020  \\$a0803120850
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10712M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10712M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1032
=082  04$a628.4/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 3-Sampling for Waste Management Activities : Implementation Phase.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 42 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10712M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10712M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE IMPLEMENTATION PHASE follows the planning stage of a sampling project and is comprised of data collection activities and technical assessment. While the analytical requirements are a part of the implementation stage of a project and are crucial for the success of the investigation, it is beyond the scope of this manual to provide the recommended analytical procedures for waste investigations. The implementation phase follows the planning step in the data generation process (Fig. 3-1)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xAnalysis $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $zUnited States $xManagement $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWaste Management. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10712M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10712M.htm

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=050  \4$aTD1032
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=245  00$aChapter 4-Sampling for Waste Management Activities : Data Assessment Phase.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 42 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10713M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10713M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT (DQA) is a scientific and statistical process that determines whether environmental data are of the right type, quality, and quantity to support a decision. The DQA process consists of five steps that parallel the activities of a statistician analyzing a data set for the first time. However, the DQA process makes use of statistical and graphical tools that non-statisticians can apply to data sets [1-4].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xAnalysis $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $zUnited States $xManagement $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xWaste Management. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10713M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10713M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 2-Sampling for Waste Management Activities : Planning Phase.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 42 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10711M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10711M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPERHAPS THE MOST IMPORTANT of the three phases to completing a study is the planning phase. Without careful consideration during the planning phase, the implementation and assessment phases may result in data that are not of sufficient quantity and quality to meet study objectives. To facilitate the planning phase, EPA developed the Data Quality Objectives (DQO) process [1]. ASTM has further refined the process and included additional examples of DQO applications related to waste management activities [2].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xAnalysis $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
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=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xManagement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10711M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10711M.htm

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=245  00$aProximate Analysis.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 57 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11271M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11271M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF COAL WAS DEVELOPED AS A SIMPLE means of determining the distribution of products obtained when the coal sample is heated under specified conditions. As defined by ASTM D 121, proximate analysis separates the products into four groups: (1) moisture, (2) volatile matter, consisting of gases and vapors driven off during pyrolysis, (3) fixed carbon, the nonvolatile fraction of coal, and (4) ash, the inorganic residue remaining after combustion. Proximate analysis is the most often used analysis for characterizing coals in connection with their utilization. Differences in the type of information required by coal producers and consumers have led to variations in the kind and number of tests included under the rubric proximate analysis. Other terms used in the coal industry are short prox and prox.Commonusage in the field tends to favor short prox, which is the determination of moisture, ash, Btu, and sulfur, while prox means the determination of moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, Btu, and sulfur. Proximate analysis as defined by ASTM International is the topic of this section.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoal.
=650  \0$aCoke.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11271M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11271M.htm

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=245  00$aSampling.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 57 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11269M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11269M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPRELIMINARY TO ANY LABORATORY TESTING OF COAL, IT IS IMPERATIVE that a representative sample be obtained; otherwise, the most carefully conducted analysis is meaningless. Reliable sampling of a complex mixture such as coal is difficult and handling and preparation of the sample for analysis presents further problems. Variations in coal handling facilities make it practically impossible to publish a set of rules that would apply to every sampling situation. The proper collection of the sample involves an understanding and consideration of the minimum number and weight of increments, the particle size distribution of the coal, the physical character and variability of the constituents of coal, and the desired precision.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoal.
=650  \0$aCoke.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11269M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11269M.htm

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=082  04$a662.6/22$223
=245  00$aCalculating Coal Analyses from As-determined Values to Different Bases.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 57 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11273M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11273M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE RESULTS OF A COAL ANALYSIS MAY BE REPORTED ON ANY OF A number of bases, differing from each other in the manner by which moisture and ash is treated. Except for data reported on a dry basis, it is essential that an appropriate moisture content be given in the data report. This would avoid ambiguity and provide a means for conversion of data to other bases. These bases are defined in ASTM D121 and include the following.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoal.
=650  \0$aCoke.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11273M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11273M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=050  \4$aTP325
=082  04$a662.6/22$223
=245  00$aCoal Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 57 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11270M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11270M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCOAL TESTING MAY BE DIVIDED INTO THREE CATEGORIES: PROXIMATE analysis, ultimate analysis, and miscellaneous analysis. Proximate analysis is the determination, by prescribed methods, of the contents of moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon (by difference) content. As currently defined in ASTM D 121Terminology of Coal and Coke, and ASTM D 3176Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke, ultimate analysis involves the determination of carbon and hydrogen content as found in the gaseous products of the complete combustion of the coal, the determination of total sulfur, nitrogen, and ash content in the material as a whole, and the estimation of oxygen content by difference. Miscellaneous analysis is a collective category for various types of physical and chemical tests for coal that are commonly requested by coal producers and buyers. Included in this category are such tests as the determination of calorific value, analysis of the forms of sulfur, analysis of the forms of carbon, chlorine analysis, major and minor elements in ash analysis, trace element analysis, carbon dioxide analysis and determinations of free-swelling index (FSI), grindability, plastic properties of coal, and ash fusibility.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoal.
=650  \0$aCoke.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11270M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11270M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a662.6/22$223
=245  00$aClassification of Coals by Rank.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 57 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11267M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11267M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDUE TO THE WORLDWIDE OCCURRENCE OF COAL DEPOSITS, THE numerous varieties of coal that are available, and its many uses, many national coal classification systems have been developed. These systems often are based on characteristics of domestic coals without reference to coals of other countries. Terms for describing similar or identical coals are not uniform among these various systems.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoal.
=650  \0$aCoke.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11267M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11267M.htm

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=245  00$aUltimate Analysis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 57 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11272M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11272M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aULTIMATE ANALYSIS OF COAL AND COKE IS DEFINED IN ASTM D 3176 as the determination of the carbon and hydrogen in the material, as found in the gaseous products of its complete combustion, the determination of sulfur, nitrogen, and ash in the material as a whole, and the estimation of oxygen by difference. The carbon determination includes that present in the organic coal substance and any originally present as mineral carbonate. The hydrogen determination includes that in the organic materials in coal and in all water associated with the coal. All nitrogen determined is assumed to be part of the organic materials in coal. For practical reasons, sulfur is assumed to occur in three forms in coal: as organic sulfur compounds, as inorganic sulfides, which are mostly the iron sulfides pyrite and marcasite, and as inorganic sulfates. The total sulfur value is used for ultimate analysis.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoal.
=650  \0$aCoke.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11272M.
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=245  00$aNew Developments in Instrumentation for Routine Coal Analysis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 57 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11275M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11275M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOVER THE PAST TWO DECADES THERE HAVE BEEN SEVERAL NEW ASTM standard test methods developed that introduced new analytical instrumentation into the area of routine coal analysis. Instrumentation examples include inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), macro-thermogravimetric analyzer (macro-TGA), and automated elemental analyzers for carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, mercury, arsenic, selenium, and chlorine. In addition there have been computerbased automatic controllers and recorders developed for several types of instrumentation. Examples include calorimeters, plastometers, and dilatometers. The introduction of microcomputers and their interfacing with analytical instrumentation has revolutionized laboratories everywhere over this time period. Coal analysis laboratories have benefited greatly from these developments as well. Most of the time the new analytical instrumentation performs tests and analyses in a fraction of the time needed for classical methods of analysis. Several ASTM standard test methods have been revised to include computer-controlled instrumentation for data gathering, interpretation, and reporting. At the same time there are many analytical instruments available that can be used for coal analysis and characterization which have not been developed into standard test methods.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoal.
=650  \0$aCoke.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11275M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11275M.htm

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=245  00$aMicrocomponents in Coal.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11268M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11268M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCOAL IS CONSIDERED TO BE COMPOSED OF TWO PRINCIPAL PARTS, an organic part and an inorganic part. The microcomponents and microstructures that make up the organic part are called macerals, which are considered to be the building blocks of coal, in the same way minerals are the building blocks of rocks. There are three principal types of macerals, which are optically discrete particles of organic material in coal. Inertinite is maceral material derived from the partial carbonization of the coal-forming materials by fire or intensive degradation by microorganisms. Vitrinite is derived from woody tissues and is the most abundant maceral in coal. Exinite, also known as liptinite, is derived from spores, needles and leaf cuticles, plant resins, and similar materials. Table 5 lists some examples of petrographic values for coals of different ranks. The data in Table 6 illustrate the relative amounts of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen present in the different types of macerals. The amounts of these three elements illustrate the relative reactivity of the various types of macerals. The percentages of volatile matter, which is a measure of the mass loss of the coal when heated to 950 C in an inert atmosphere, that are listed for the macerals are an indication of the relative reactivity of the various types of macerals, or that exinite macerals are much more reactive than inertinite macerals. The aromaticity of the maceral groups is the ratio of the aromatic hydrocarbon character to the aliphatic hydrocarbon character in the organic materials. The aromaticities of the maceral groups are also indications of their relative reactivities, with macerals having lower aromaticities being more reactive.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoal.
=650  \0$aCoke.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11268M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11268M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a628.9/222/021873$223
=245  00$aChapter 10 : Local Government Regulations in the United States : States and Municipalities.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10537M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10537M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe regulations and definitions of flammable and combustible liquids of all states and municipalities are too numerous to be included in this compilation volume. In the future, however, there may be sufficient uniformity in these regulations to publish specific information concerning their methods and specifications. Information concerning the local government regulations in other countries should be obtained from their respective organizations in these countries.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10537M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10537M.htm

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=082  04$a628.9/222/021873$223
=245  00$aChapter 8 : Flash Point Standards of U.S. Standards Organization.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10535M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10535M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFlash Point Standards of U.S. Standards Organization.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10535M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10535M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 14 : International Flash Point and Related Standards.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10541M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10541M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is the specialized international agency for standardization, which at present comprises the national standards bodies of 90 countries (see Appendix C). The objective of ISO is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the sphere of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity. The scope of ISO covers standardization in all fields except electrical and electronic engineering standards, which are the responsibility of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10541M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10541M.htm

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=082  04$a628.9/222/021873$223
=245  00$aChapter 7 : U.S. Federal Standards and Specifications.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10534M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10534M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe document text cited in this section are composed of standard test methods for sampling, inspecting, and testing of various products and commodities produced by U.S. federal agencies.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10534M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10534M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 4 : ASTM Specifications with Flash Point Requirements (Excerpts).
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10531M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10531M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe following standard specifications have a flash or fire point requirement. The specifications may require a flash point measurement for several reasons, such as, determining classification for government regulations or preventing sale or use of materials that contain diluents. For example, these diluents may be solvent in refined drying oils or fuels in lubricating oils.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10531M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10531M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 2 : ASTM Basic Flash Point Standards.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (51 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10529M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10529M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are eight basic ASTM standard flash point test methods frequently referenced throughout this manual as follows: 1. D 56-87-Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester. 2. D 92-85-Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup. 3. D 93-85-Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester. 4. D 1310-86-Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus. 5. D 3278-82-Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Setaflash Closed-Cup Apparatus. 6. D 3828-87-Flash Point by Setaflash Closed Tester. 7. D 3934-84-Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test-Equilibrium Method by Closed-Cup Apparatus. 8. D 3941-84-Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10529M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10529M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP363
=082  04$a628.9/222/021873$223
=245  00$aChapter 1 : Flash Point History.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10528M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10528M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn 1973, the ASTM Coordinating Committee for Flash Point and Related Properties was formed. From its beginning, the Committee's major objective was preparing information on flash point. It was felt that a compilation on flash point methods and Government regulations would be beneficial to the public. The Committee therefore authorized this manual of test methods including those issued by ASTM and other standards organizations. The manual was to include both national and international regulations, codes, and tariffs in which flash point is used to define the flammability hazards of liquids.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10528M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10528M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 9 : U.S. Code and Tariff Writing Organizations.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10536M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10536M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Bureau of Explosives is now the Hazardous Materials Systems. This change indicates that a part of the Association of American Railroads is responsible for coordinating the railroad policy for the transportation of all hazardous materials, not just explosives. The Bureau assists the railroads in responding to incidents involving hazardous materials, maintains a field force of 18 inspectors to assist the railraods and chemical companies in complying with federal regulations, and publishes various documents concerning transportation of hazardous materials and emergency response. The Bureau has a laboratory that can assign the appropriate classifications to chemicals including explosives.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10536M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10536M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 13 : Flash Point Methods from National Standards Organizations of Other Countries.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10540M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10540M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis Chapter lists the national standards by country with their standards organization and address. The acronym for each standard organization is shown in parentheses after the name of the country. The acronyms are generally used in the designation of the standards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10540M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10540M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a628.9/222/021873$223
=245  00$aChapter 5 : ASTM Fire Property Standards Related to Flash Point.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10532M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10532M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn addition to the flash point tests previously listed, there are a number of ASTM standards that, in some manner, are related to flash point testing of liquids. Several properties of liquids, namely flammable limits and autoignition temperatures, can be used to estimate the flash point of liquids.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10532M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10532M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 15 : Regulations of International Regulatory Agencies.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10542M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10542M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn international transportation of dangerous goods or hazardous materials, there are three international organizations involved in the regulation of the transportation of the materials in international trade: 1) the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 2) the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and 3) the European Highway (ADR) and Rail (RID) Transport Committee. In addition, the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, working under the auspices of the U.N. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) located in New York with operational support provided by the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) located in Geneva, Switzerland, has prepared recommendations for the transport of these materials.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10542M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10542M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 12 : Specifications of Other National Governments.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10539M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10539M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe following jet fuel specifications give flash points for hydrocarbon fuels used in turbine aircraft and missles. They were obtained from Exxon International Company's Bulletin, Jet Fuel Specifications, 1990 edition, and are reprinted here with permission from Exxon Company, International, Marketing/Distribution, 200 Park Ave., Florham Park, NJ 07932.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10539M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10539M.htm

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=082  04$a628.9/222/021873$223
=245  00$aChapter 3 : ASTM Flash Point Standards for Specific Products (Excerpts).
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10530M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10530M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are a number of standard methods and practices that use the basic flash point methods with or without modification. The modifications are made to suit the needs of the particular product or type of products. The section or sections of the standard excerpts below that specify the basic flash point test(s) are shown with their number, title, and date designation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10530M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10530M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 6 : Auxiliary ASTM Standards Used to Define Flammable and Combustible Liquids in Government Regulations.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10533M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10533M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSince flash point information is used mostly for regulatory purposes, other ASTM standards are listed. These are included in Regulatory Agency's definitions for flammable or combustible liquids in addition to the flash point classification values.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10533M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10533M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a628.9/222/021873$223
=245  00$aChapter 11 : U.S. Governmental Regulatory Agencies-Governmental Regulations.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 9 (September 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10538M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10538M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFrom the beginning of the development of flash point test methods the most important use for them was in government rules, regulations, or laws. Government agencies currently classify flammable liquids by use of these methods. In the United States, the following agencies specify flash point in regulations of flammable liquids under their jurisdiction: (1) the Department of Transportation (DOT) for regulations of transportation of these materials by sea, air, highway, and rail; (2) the Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for regulations of materials in the work place; (3) the Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) for regulations of materials used in the home; and (4) the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for regulations of materials in the environment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlammable liquids $xFlammability $xStandards.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10538M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10538M.htm

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=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11207M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11207M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11207M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11207M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
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=245  00$aStatic Hardness Testing Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11201M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11201M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE FIRST STATIC HARDNESS TESTING METHOD WAS INTRODUCED BY J. A. Brinell, a Swedish researcher, at the 1900 Paris World Exposition. A hardened steel ball or tungsten carbide ball with a diameter (D) of 1, 2, 2.5, 5, or 10 mm was used as indenter. This was pressed into the smooth, clean specimen surface with a test force (F). Figure 21.1 shows the principle of test with test force F (N), D the diameter of the ball (mm), d the mean diameter of the indentation (mm), and h the depth of the indentation (mm). It is important that the specimen rests on a rigid support, and that the indenter contacts the specimen without being shaken or jolted. The test force is then increased to the predetermined maximum value within 2-10 s and held for 10-15 s. If the duration of load application falls outside of this range, this must be indicated. For example, for nonferrous materials, the duration may be as long as 180 s.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11201M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11201M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aHow to Build a Metallographic/Materialographic Laboratory.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11205M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11205M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA LABORATORY IS SELDOM BUILT FROM SCRATCH. AN EXISTING LABORAtory should usually be changed, possibly moved to other locations, etc. In all these cases it is very useful to analyze a number of factors regarding the laboratory so that the right changes, gradually, can be made.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11205M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11205M.htm

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=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11182M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11182M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=050  \4$aTN690
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=245  00$aSectioning.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (40 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11182M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11182M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT THE SPECIMEN IS SELECTED CORRECTLY SO that the specimen material is representative of the material to be studied. The intent or purpose of the examination will usually dictate the location of the specimen.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11182M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11182M.htm

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=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aOccupational Safety and Health in the Metallographic/Materialographic Laboratory.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (21 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11206M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11206M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ARE IMPORTANT IN A METALLOgraphic/materialographic labs considering the use of machines, chemicals, plastics, etc.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11206M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11206M.htm

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=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aSpecimen Preparation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (305 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11193M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11193M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER COVERS THE PRACTICAL PREPARATION OF THE MATERials stated in Table 11.1 for each material two different methods of the mechanical preparation process are stated in 68 Material/Preparation Tables. These tables also contain specific information on ASTM standards and etching described in Chapter 12.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11193M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11193M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11202M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11202M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aDynamic Hardness Testing Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11202M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11202M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN DYNAMIC HARDNESS TESTING PROCEDURES, THE INDENTER HITS the specimen surface with impact. The specimen material can thereby be elastically and unelastically deformed. Deformation that arises due to the kinetic energy of the indenter and remains can be measured. In such dynamic-plastic procedures, the hardness value is the quotient of the test force and the indentation size. We distinguish between fall hardness testing and impact hardness testing (see Fig. 22.1)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11202M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11202M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
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=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  04$aThe Optical Reflected Light Microscope.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (30 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11195M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11195M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFIGURE 15.1 SHOWS THE COURSE OF LIGHT RAYS IN A MODERN THREElens transmitted light microscope with infinity optics (the ICS principle, which means Infinity Color-corrected System). Let us follow the light rays that emanate from an object (1). From these rays the objective (2) projects an image to infinity. The intermediate lens (3) that also intervenes in the progress of the light rays creates amagnified intermediate image (4) from the rays that are now running parallel. This intermediate image is further magnified by the eyepiece (5). As the illustration shows, the visual angle ?1 that results when this optical system is used is considerably greater than it is when the object is viewed by the naked eye at the same distance of 25 cm (? 10 in), visual angle ?2.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11195M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11195M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11196M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11196M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aElectron Microscopy-Scanning Probe Microscopy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11196M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11196M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAN IN-DEPTH DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND SCANNING probe microscopy falls outside the scope of this book, but in this chapter a short introduction is given to the transmission electron microscope (TEM), the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the focused ion beam techniques (FIB), and a number of scanning probe microscopes (SPM)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11196M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11196M.htm

=LDR  03934nam  2201021 i 4500
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11184M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11184M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aMarking-Storage-Preservation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11184M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11184M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMARKING OF METALLOGRAPHIC/MATERIALOGRAPHIC SPECIMENS IS very important because a proper identification of the specimen is the only thing that ensures that the result of the analysis is correctly used. This is true for both quality control and research, and it can be said that the specimen must be marked in all cases where a metallographic/materialographic analysis should be reported.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11184M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11184M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11186M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11186M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aMechanical Surface Preparation-Grinding.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (35 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11186M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11186M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAFTER SECTIONING AND POSSIBLY MOUNTING, THE METALLOGRAPHIC/materialographic specimen is now to be prepared to obtain the true microstructure or a structure, which, in spite of certain defects (artifacts), will give a true examination result. For a thorough description of artifacts and how to avoid them, see Sections 13.5/6.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11186M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11186M.htm

=LDR  04548nam  2201021 i 4500
=001  MNL11197M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11197M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11197M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aQuantitative Metallography/Materialography-An Introduction.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11197M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11197M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWHEN MAKING A QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION OF A MICROSTRUCTURE, the interpretation of the structure is to a high degree based on the knowledge and experience of the observer. In quantitative metallography/materialography the constituents in the microstructure are measured to provide more reliable data for materials engineering and quality control purposes. Typical microstructural measurements include the length, width, and area of features or the relative amount of a structure or phase. The application of stereological principles enables two-dimensional measurement data extracted from metallographic/materialographic specimens to provide accurate information about three-dimensional structures increasing the usefulness and importance of quantitative microstructural analysis. It can be tedious to implement quantitative methods. Digital image analysis equipment and software have been developed as tools to automate the collection and reporting of quantitative data.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11197M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11197M.htm

=LDR  03807nam  2201021 i 4500
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11183M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11183M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aMounting.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (26 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11183M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11183M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMOUNTING IS A PROCESS IN WHICH THE SPECIMEN, IN ONE WAY OR ANother, is encapsulated to facilitate and often improve the following preparation. The mounting normally takes place after sectioning (for mounting before sectioning, see Section 2.6) and several methods are available.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11183M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11183M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11203M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11203M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aSpecial Methods for Hardness Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11203M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11203M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSPECIAL HARDNESS TESTING PROCEDURES INCLUDE THE MARTENS scratch hardness determination as well as the Mohs scratch hardness. In the Martens procedure, a specimen surface under a specified test force is scratched by a diamond cone with a 90-deg apical angle. The test force F is varied until a scratch width of 10 ?m is microscopically measured. In this way, a particular scratch hardness value can be attributed to the specimen.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11203M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11203M.htm

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=001  MNL11185M
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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11185M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11185M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aCleaning and Cleanliness.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11185M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11185M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTO AVOID ARTIFACTS IT IS VERY IMPORTANT, ESPECIALLY IN THE POLISHing stage, that the specimen/specimen holder is carefully cleaned between each step. It is also important that the room in which the process takes place and the operator's hands are clean to avoid contamination of the polishing cloths.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11185M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11185M.htm

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=001  MNL11189M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11189M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11189M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aEtching.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11189M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11189M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b46.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMICROETCHING IS ETCHING OF MICROSTRUCTURES TO BE OBSERVED BY magnification higher than 25  50 ( in Europe). For macroetching, see Section 9.7.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11189M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11189M.htm

=LDR  03978nam  2201021 i 4500
=001  MNL11198M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11198M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11198M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aAutomatic Image Analysis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (42 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11198M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11198M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE NEED TO CONSIDER DIGITAL IMAGING SYSTEMS IS PREDICATED ON recognition of stereological principles and quantitative metallography/materialography as essential concepts in materials science. The application of quantitative metallography/materialography in materials science requires the measurement of microstructures. It may be argued that the study of materials cannot be termed a science if it does not use quantitative methods.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11198M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11198M.htm

=LDR  03852nam  2201021 i 4500
=001  MNL11191M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11191M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11191M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aSpecimen Material-Table 11.1.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11191M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11191M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE SPECIMEN MATERIAL, COMBINED WITH THE PURPOSE OF EXAMINAtion, is decisive for the choice of preparation process/method. Two physical properties, hardness and ductility, are important in selecting a specific preparation method, but conditions such as coatings or composites also play an important role.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11191M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11191M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11192M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11192M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aPurpose of Examination.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (30 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11192M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11192M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFOR A GIVEN MATERIAL SEVERAL PREPARATION METHODS WILL USUally be available, however, the correct method should be chosen based on the purpose of examination. For this reason, a number of relevant purposes are stated with each material/method in the Material/Preparation Tables, (see Section 13.2.3)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11192M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11192M.htm

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=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11199M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11199M$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aDigital Image Management (Archiving).
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11199M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11199M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA DIGITAL IMAGE ARCHIVING SYSTEM MAY INCLUDE ALL OF THE FEAtures and components of a full image measurement system, the difference being that the primary purpose of archiving is to provide efficient and convenient yet powerful methods for capturing, identifying, storing, and retrieving digital images and associated information rather than to extract structure measurement data. Such a system may include sophisticated database software or simple filing schemes for identifying images by a range of user definable classifications and keyword associations. As with digital image measurement systems the selection of archiving must be based upon an evaluation of existing and projected needs.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11199M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11199M.htm

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=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11187M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11187M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aMechanical Surface Preparation-Polishing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (36 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11187M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11187M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAFTER PLANE GRINDING AND FINE GRINDING THE SPECIMEN SURFACE must be polished to obtain the true microstructure or a structure, which is satisfactory for a given analysis. In principle, the surface always will have a certain deformation (artifacts), but if not too deep this can often be removed through the etching of the surface (see Chapter 9). For a thorough description of artifacts and how to avoid them, see Section 13.5/6.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11187M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11187M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803156913 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142657
=020  \\$a080314265X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11188M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11188M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN690
=082  04$a669/.95028$223
=245  00$aElectrolytic Polishing/Etching.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 46 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11188M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11188M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aELECTROLYTIC POLISHING OR ELECTROPOLISHING (ANODIC POLISHING) is a polishing method whereby the specimen is placed as an anode in an electrolytic cell and the electrolysis establishes a surface suitable for metallographic analysis.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCutting.
=650  \0$aEtching.
=650  \0$aGrinding.
=650  \0$aPolishing.
=650  \0$aMicroscope.
=650  \0$aSectioning.
=650  \0$aStereology.
=650  \0$aHot mounting.
=650  \0$aCold mounting.
=650  \0$aMicrostructure.
=650  \0$aMaterialography.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aVickers hardness.
=650  \0$aPolishing artifact.
=650  \0$aSample preparation.
=650  \0$aPreparation methods.
=650  \0$aMechanical polishing.
=650  \0$aElectrolytic polishing.
=650  \0$aQuantitative metallography.
=650  \0$aMetallography.
=650  \0$aMetallographic specimens.
=653  10$aMetallography.
=653  20$aMaterialography.
=653  20$aPreparation methods.
=653  20$aSample preparation.
=653  20$aMechanical polishing.
=653  20$aElectrolytic polishing.
=653  20$aCutting.
=653  20$aSectioning.
=653  20$aHot mounting.
=653  20$aCold mounting.
=653  20$aGrinding.
=653  20$aPolishing.
=653  20$aPolishing artifact.
=653  20$aEtching.
=653  20$aMicroscope.
=653  20$aQuantitative metallography.
=653  20$aStereology.
=653  20$aVickers hardness.
=653  20$aQuality control.
=653  20$aMicrostructure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11188M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11188M.htm

=LDR  03186nam  2200577 i 4500
=001  MNL11866D
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=008  170503c1976||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186637 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803103795
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11866D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11866D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a691$223
=100  1\$aPesut, R. N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Cooperative Study of the Precision and Accuracy of the Determination of Sulfur Oxides in Gaseous Combustion Products / $cJ. E. Howes, R. N. Pesut, J. F. Foster.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1976.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (102 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1976, Issue DS55S9 (December 1976)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11866D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11866D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn 1971 in recognition of the important relationship between the measurement and the effective control of air pollution, Committee D-22 of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) initiated a pioneering program, designated Project Threshold, to validate methods for measuring contaminants in the ambient atmosphere and in emissions from individual sources. The first phase of the program was devoted to evaluation of methods for measuring the content of nitrogen dioxide (D 1607-69), sulfur dioxide (D 2914-70T), dustfall (D 1739-70), total sulfation (D 2010-65), particulate matter (D 1704-61), and lead (D 3112) in the atmosphere.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1976. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAir $xPollution $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aSulfur oxides.
=700  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHowes, J. E., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11866D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11866D.htm

=LDR  03737nam  2200829 i 4500
=001  MNL11863D
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1975||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186668 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803103375
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11863D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11863D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401.A18
=082  04$a665/.538$223
=100  1\$aSmith, G. V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aEvaluation of the Elevated Temperature Tensile and Creep-Rupture Properties of 3 to 9 Percent Chromium-Molybdenum Steels / $cG. V. Smith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1975.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (211 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1975, Issue DS58 (October 1975)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11863D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11863D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis book represents a part of a continuing effort by The Metal Properties Council on behalf of the engineering community. Individuals and organizations generating additional information concerning the materials evaluated in this report, or in others in this series, are urged to make these data available to the Council for incorporation in future revisions. Address the Council at: The United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th St., New York, N.Y. 10017.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1975. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElongation.
=650  \0$aCreep strength.
=650  \0$aYield strength.
=650  \0$aData evaluation.
=650  \0$aRupture strength.
=650  \0$aTensile strength.
=650  \0$aReduction of area.
=650  \0$aElevated temperature.
=650  \0$aMechanical properties.
=650  \0$aChromium-molybdenum steels.
=650  \0$aTime-temperature parameters.
=650  \0$aChromium-molybdenum steel $xTesting.
=650  \0$aMetals $xEffect of high temperatures on.
=650  \0$aSteel $xCreep.
=653  10$aelevated temperature.
=653  20$amechanical properties.
=653  20$atensile strength.
=653  20$ayield strength.
=653  20$acreep strength.
=653  20$arupture strength.
=653  20$aelongation.
=653  20$areduction of area.
=653  20$achromium-molybdenum steels.
=653  20$atime-temperature parameters.
=653  20$adata evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11863D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11863D.htm

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=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10063M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10063M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe vapor degreasing process is applicable to cleaning all of the common industrial metals: malleable, ductile, and gray cast iron; carbon and alloy steel, stainless steel; copper; brass; bronze; zinc; aluminum; magnesium; tin; lead; nickel; and titanium. Because the process cleans by solvent action rather than by chemical reaction, with proper solvent maintenance, there is no danger of etching or other chemical attack on highly polished or delicate metal surfaces. It is also used to clean articles and workloads containing parts of different metals and assemblies. In addition to removing contaminants from metal, vapor degreasing has been employed for cleaning glass, ceramics, plastics, elastomers, coated items, and combinations thereof, that are not affected by the solvent.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10063M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10063M.htm

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=245  00$aProcess Description.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10062M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10062M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aVapor degreasing is a physical method of removing solvent soluble soils and other entrapped soils from metal, glass, and other essentially nonporous objects. By bringing the soiled articles at room temperature into contact with hot solvent vapor, the vapor condenses to a liquid on them. Sufficient liquid solvent is formed to carry the soluble and insoluble soils away as the solvent drains by gravity.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10062M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10062M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS213
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=245  00$aVapor Degreasing Equipment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10065M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10065M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere is a variety of cleaning cycles that can be used in vapor degreasing. To select the proper cycle for a specific cleaning application, consideration should be given to the nature and number of parts, type of soil, the method of handling the parts, and any physical limitations such as floor space, ceiling height, and so forth. Following is a discussion of the advantages and limitations of the most commonly used cycles. It is to be noted that in all cases, the cycles are arranged so that a final vapor distillate rinse is obtained. Usually, the choice of cleaning cycle can be confirmed by test cleaning in a supplier's laboratory.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10065M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10065M.htm

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=245  00$aSolvent Conservation and Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10074M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10074M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aConservation of degreasing solvents has always been desirable from the standpoint of cost reduction. Today, it is vitally important because of the added concern for air pollution, industrial hygiene, energy conservation, and raw material conservation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10074M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10074M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS213
=082  04$a671.3$223
=245  00$aMethods of Evaluating Exposures in the Workplace.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10072M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10072M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aObtaining factual information on the concentration of vapor in the air must be obtained by chemical or physical measurement only. Relying on subjective evaluation, such as odor, may be misleading.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10072M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10072M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS213
=082  04$a671.3$223
=245  00$aEquipment Design Requirements.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10066M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10066M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBoth state and federal regulations specify design parameters and associated equipment for solvent emission control and safety. The recommendations offered in this section are based on good engineering and experience, but do not guarantee compliance with national or local regulations, or both.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10066M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10066M.htm

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=008  170503c1989||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145160 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803112179
=020  \\$a0803112173
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10071M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10071M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS213
=082  04$a671.3$223
=245  00$aPrevention of Exposure to Solvents.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10071M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10071M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe high vapor densities of the halogenated solvents make it possible to maintain a definite vapor level in the degreaser, keeping solvent vapor concentrations in the operator's breathing zone below the maximum recommended time-weighted average (TWA) concentration with both manual and automatic degreasers. Items to check to ensure a steady vapor line are the following.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10071M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10071M.htm

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=008  170503c1989||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145160 (e-ISBN)
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10069M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10069M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS213
=082  04$a671.3$223
=245  00$aSafe Handling of Vapor Degreasing Solvents.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10069M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10069M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe vapor degreasing solvents that are discussed in this publication (methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and trichlorotrifluoroethane) have all been used industrially for many years. Their toxic properties and the methods for handling them safely have become known through extensive experimentation and human experience. The facts that are presented in this section are drawn largely from several readily available published sources. They are as follows: (1) Hygienic Guide Series of the American Industrial Hygiene Association, 66 South Miller Road, Akron, OH 44313; (2) American National Standards Acceptable Concentrations of Toxic Dusts and Gases, published by American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 11018; (3) Threshold Limit Values for Chenaical Substances and Physical Agents in the Workroom Environment with Intended Changes, published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 6500 Glenway Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45211; (4) F. A. Patty, Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 3rd Revised Edition, Vol. 2A, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1981; and (5) Occupational Safety and Health Standards, as published by the United States Department of Labor.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10069M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10069M.htm

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=050  \4$aTS213
=082  04$a671.3$223
=245  00$aLabeling.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10073M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10073M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAll containers should have labels as required by OSHA to identify the product and carry a warning statement. Appropriate warning statements should be placed in prominent positions on the degreasing equipment itself. Labeling should also satisfy RCRA, DOT, and Clean Air Act requirements (ASTM Practice for Labeling Halogenated Hydrocarbon Solvent Containers [D 3844])
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10073M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10073M.htm

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=245  00$aHazards.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10070M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10070M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe primary hazards related most closely to vapor degreasing can be categorized as health, fire, and chemical reactivity hazards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10070M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10070M.htm

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=008  170503c1989||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145160 (e-ISBN)
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=020  \\$a0803112173
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=037  \\$aMNL10064M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS213
=082  04$a671.3$223
=245  00$aSelection of Vapor Degreasing Solvent.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10064M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10064M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAppropriate characteristics for solvents to be used in the vapor degreasing process are as follows.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10064M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10064M.htm

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=008  170503c1989||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145160 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803112179
=020  \\$a0803112173
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10067M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10067M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS213
=082  04$a671.3$223
=245  00$aInstallation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10067M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10067M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe installation of each degreasing machine should be supervised by a qualified representative of the equipment manufacturer to ensure the checking of location, installation of pipe and wiring, and proper setting of controls.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10067M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10067M.htm

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=008  170503c1989||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145160 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803112179
=020  \\$a0803112173
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10068M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10068M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS213
=082  04$a671.3$223
=245  00$aDegreaser Operation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1989.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1989, Issue 2 (January 1989)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10068M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10068M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEvery degreaser is provided with specific operating instructions for safe, economical, and efficient operation of the unit. Since these instructions vary with design, type, and work cycle of the unit, it is essential that the operator be familiar with specific instructions pertaining to his unit. Operating instructions should be posted in a conspicuous place on the degreaser. All degreasers are designed to process a maximum load rated in pounds per hour based on a specific heat input to vaporize sufficient solvent. If the work capacity of the unit is exceeded, vapor level fluctuations will be encountered. These fluctuations increase solvent consumption and may also cause poor cleaning and longer cleaning cycles.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1989. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical & Manufacturing Industries & Trades. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aVapor degreasing $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10068M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10068M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186743 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118256
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12055D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12055D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA472
=082  04$a672/.0218$223
=245  00$aJIS Discontinued Steel and Related Standards.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue DS67C (September 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12055D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12055D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xStandards $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSteel $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12055D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12055D.htm

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=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12064D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA472
=082  04$a672/.0218$223
=245  00$aSpecification Designation Index.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (60 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue DS67C (September 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12064D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12064D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xStandards $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSteel $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12064D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12064D.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186743 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118256
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12059D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12059D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA472
=082  04$a672/.0218$223
=245  00$aASTM E 527-83 (2003) Standard Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS).
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue DS67C (September 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12059D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12059D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xStandards $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSteel $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12059D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12059D.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803186743 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118256
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12061D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12061D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA472
=082  04$a672/.0218$223
=245  00$aSteel Grade/Name Index.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (59 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue DS67C (September 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12061D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12061D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xStandards $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSteel $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12061D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12061D.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186743 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803118256
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL12056D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL12056D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA472
=082  04$a672/.0218$223
=245  00$aEN Current Steel Standards.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
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=245  00$aIntroduction to Comparing World Steel Standards.
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=520  3\$aWhen comparing steel standards from different national and international standard development organizations (SDOs), there is no such thing as equivalent steel standards. At best, one may be able to group comparable steel standards together based on some defined set of rules, which has been done in this handbook. For example, ASTM A 516/A 516M Grade 70 is comparable to JIS G 3118 symbol SGV 480 and to EN 10028-2 steel name P295GH, based on chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and application. Yet they are not equivalent since there are differences in all three standards. Comparing steel standards is not an exact science and cannot be made into a mathematical equation where two sides of an equation are equal to one another, since there will always be differences between standards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=100  1\$aCox, Daniel L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 5 : Planning and Scheduling Maintenance Coating Work / $cDaniel L. Cox.
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=520  3\$aThe performance of protective coatings that have been applied to plant structures and components have a service life that is dependent on many environmental conditions. When the coatings begin to show age or damage, proper maintenance can restore or extend the performance life of the coating. This chapter describes methods for planning and scheduling coating maintenance.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=650  \0$aPlanning.
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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170711 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170704
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL820140003$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aCavallo, Jon R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 8 : Practical Methods of Surface Preparation for Maintenance Painting / $cJon R. Cavallo.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820140003
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820140003".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, the surface preparation methods that have been used successfully in maintenance painting work are discussed. These methods can be used singly or in conjunction with others, depending upon the maintenance paint system to be applied. Table 8.1 (general production rates for blast cleaning) contains information to assist in surface preparation scheduling.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820140003.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820140003.htm

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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803170704
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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aPalen, Christopher, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 7 : Coating Materials / $cJohn F. De Barba, Christopher Palen.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820140016
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820140016".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter covers protective coating maintenance work for nuclear power generating facilities including major requirements of the coatings and a brief description of the types of coatings available.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDesign basis accident (DBA)
=650  \0$aRadiation.
=650  \0$aDecontamination.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$aradiation.
=653  20$adecontamination.
=653  20$adesign basis accident (DBA).
=700  1\$aDe Barba, John F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820140016.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820140016.htm

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=001  MNL820130018
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170711 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170704
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL820130018$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL820130018$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aCox, Daniel L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 12 : Personnel Training and Qualification / $cDaniel L. Cox.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820130018
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820130018".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are many phases of coatings work. Each step application, inspection, monitoring, and maintenance is critical to the overall service life of the coating. As such, personnel must be properly trained and qualified for their individual task(s) in order to assure the longest service life possible. This chapter provides guidance on establishing a training and qualification program that meets that need.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aTraining.
=650  \0$aQualifications.
=650  \0$aSurveillance personnel.
=650  \0$aNuclear coatings specialist.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$atraining.
=653  20$aqualifications.
=653  20$asurveillance personnel.
=653  20$anuclear coatings specialist.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820130018.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820130018.htm

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=001  MNL820130029
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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803170704
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL820130029$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aMartin, Richard L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 2 : Significance of Maintenance Coating / $cRichard L. Martin, Daniel L. Cox.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820130029
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820130029".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aProtective coatings are applied to plant structures and components for a number of purposes such as corrosion prevention, decontamination, system identification, and fire proofing. Because protective coatings provide shorter useful service lives than the design life of the plant, a certain level of coating maintenance is required. This chapter describes each purpose for which maintenance coatings are used.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aColor coding.
=650  \0$aDecontamination.
=650  \0$aMaintenance coating.
=650  \0$aCorrosion prevention.
=650  \0$aRegulatory compliance.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$amaintenance coating.
=653  20$acorrosion prevention.
=653  20$acolor coding.
=653  20$adecontamination.
=653  20$aregulatory compliance.
=700  1\$aCox, Daniel L., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820130029.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820130029.htm

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=001  MNL820140027
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=005  20170503163000.0
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170711 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170704
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL820140027$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL820140027$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aMiller, Keith A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 10 : Inspection / $cKeith A. Miller, Judy Cheng.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820140027
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820140027".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aInspection ensures that the coating work conforms to the requirements of the specification. Inspection shall include all phases of the coating work that affect the performance of the coating. It shall be performed and reported by qualified personnel. This chapter discusses the key essentials to effective coating inspection.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoating.
=650  \0$aInspection.
=650  \0$aMaintenance.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$ainspection.
=653  20$acoating.
=653  20$amaintenance.
=700  1\$aCheng, Judy, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820140027.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820140027.htm

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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170711 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170704
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL820140014$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL820140014$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aMonteon, Bryan M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 9 : Practical Methods of Coating Application / $cBryan M. Monteon.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820140014
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820140014".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe standard methods and tools used in common industrial coatings and lining applications also apply in the maintenance of industrial coatings used within nuclear power plants. In some cases a combination of these application methods may be required based upon the skill of the applicator, substrate configuration, accessibility of the work area, and maintenance schedule. Pre-application activities such as surface preparation, protection of adjacent substrates, notifying plant operations, and material mixing shall be confirmed. The three common methods of application: trowel/squeegee, brush/roller, and spray are described along with the advantages and limitations of each depending on the work scope, coating specification, and power plant schedule. ASTM Standard Practices for qualifying coating applicator proficiency and ability to attain the required quality of the specified coatings to concrete and steel surfaces are identified.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLinings.
=650  \0$aCoatings.
=650  \0$aApplication.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$acoatings.
=653  20$alinings.
=653  20$aapplication.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820140014.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820140014.htm

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=001  MNL820130014
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170711 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170704
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL820130014$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL820130014$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aShugart, Timothy, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3 : In-Service Condition Monitoring and Assessment / $cTimothy Shugart, Daniel L. Cox.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820130014
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820130014".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe performance of protective coatings that have been applied to plant structures and components have a service life that is dependent on many environmental conditions. As such, routine condition monitoring is necessary to assess the in-service condition. This chapter describes the purpose and methods for conducting the condition monitoring.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCondition assessment.
=650  \0$aCondition monitoring.
=650  \0$aCoating service level I.
=650  \0$aCoating service level III.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$acondition monitoring.
=653  20$acondition assessment.
=653  20$acoating service level I.
=653  20$acoating service level III.
=700  1\$aCox, Daniel L., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820130014.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820130014.htm

=LDR  03029nam  2200649 i 4500
=001  MNL820130033
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170711 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170704
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL820130033$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL820130033$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aShugart, Timothy, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 4 : Preparing for Maintenance Coating / $cTimothy Shugart, Timothy B. Ridlon, Peter Blattner.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820130033
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820130033".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 4 highlights the aspects of a successful nuclear plant maintenance coating program, planning of coating work, coating system selection, personnel qualification, surface preparation, application equipment and disposal of materials associated with maintenance coating activities.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoating.
=650  \0$aProgram.
=650  \0$aMaintenance.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$amaintenance.
=653  20$acoating.
=653  20$aprogram.
=700  1\$aBlattner, Peter, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aRidlon, Timothy B., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820130033.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820130033.htm

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=001  MNL820130034
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170711 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170704
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL820130034$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aDullum, Bruce, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1 : Protecting Surfaces in a Nuclear Plant / $cAndy Baer, Bruce Dullum.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820130034
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820130034".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 1 contains background information on coatings used in safety areas of a nuclear power plant.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaintenance.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plant.
=650  \0$aProtective coatings.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$aprotective coatings.
=653  20$amaintenance.
=653  20$anuclear power plant.
=700  1\$aBaer, Andy, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820130034.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820130034.htm

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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170711 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170704
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL820130019$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aVallance, Charles, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 13 : Underwater Maintenance of Nuclear-Safety-Related Immersion Service Coatings / $cCharles Vallance.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820130019
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820130019".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBefore the advent of underwater maintenance procedures, it was necessary to drain a vessel in order to perform coatings maintenance. This often resulted in extended outage schedules, increased radiation exposure, and damage to otherwise sound coatings. Techniques have been developed that permit detailed inspection and effective repair without the need to drain-down. Using these techniques, it is possible to significantly extend the service-life of coatings in immersion service. This chapter covers the development, implementation, and execution of an underwater coatings maintenance program. Topics covered include cleaning, inspection, and coating repair. For example, in a suppression pool, the vessel shell and internals, including strainers, are cleaned using an underwater vacuum system operated by divers. As the shell is cleaned, divers can inspect and document 100 % of the underwater surfaces. Inspections that meet IWE and maintenance rule requirements are possible. Following inspection, coating defects can be identified and repaired using a 100 % solids underwater cured epoxy.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aEpoxy.
=650  \0$aRepair.
=650  \0$aPitting.
=650  \0$aCoatings.
=650  \0$aCorrosion.
=650  \0$aInspection.
=650  \0$aUnderwater.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$aunderwater.
=653  20$acoatings.
=653  20$acorrosion.
=653  20$apitting.
=653  20$ainspection.
=653  20$arepair.
=653  20$aepoxy.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820130019.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820130019.htm

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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170711 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170704
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aCox, Daniel L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 11 : Safety / $cDaniel L. Cox.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820130016
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820130016".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe application, inspection, monitoring, and maintenance of coatings in the nuclear industry requires good safety practices. This chapter provides considerations for both standard industrial safety as well as job specific considerations.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSafety.
=650  \0$aBlast cleaning.
=650  \0$aSteam cleaning.
=650  \0$aChemical cleaning.
=650  \0$aMechanical cleaning.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$asafety.
=653  20$amechanical cleaning.
=653  20$achemical cleaning.
=653  20$ablast cleaning.
=653  20$asteam cleaning.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820130016.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820130016.htm

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=001  MNL820130035
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170711 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170704
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL820130035$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL820130035$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/30288$223
=100  1\$aLiebhart, Steve L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 6 : Qualification of Nuclear-Grade Maintenance Coatings / $cJohn O. Kloepper, Steve L. Liebhart.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue 8 (May 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL820130035
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL820130035".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter provides a consolidated overview of what is involved in preparing panels for testing to cover maintenance situations encountered in containment areas for both concrete and steel substrate. Included in this chapter are suggested procedures for aging coatings, simulating mechanical coating damage, repairing these areas with maintenance coatings, and documenting the steps taken.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aService level 1.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=653  10$aService level 1.
=653  20$aASTM D2794.
=653  20$aASTM D3912.
=653  20$aASTM D4060.
=653  20$aASTM D4541.
=653  20$aASTM E84.
=653  20$aASTM E1530.
=653  20$aASTM D4082.
=653  20$aASTM D3911.
=700  1\$aKloepper, John O., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL820130035.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL820130035.htm

=LDR  03660nam  2200697 i 4500
=001  MONO62013002501
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2014||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170612 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO62013002501$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO62013002501$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
=082  04$a617.4/710592$223
=100  1\$aVeronick, James, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1 : Bone Graft Substitutes : Past, Present, and Future / $cCato T. Laurencin, Yusuf Khan, James Veronick.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 6 (November 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO62013002501
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO62013002501".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b35.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe field of medicine as a formal discipline has been traced by many to Imhotep and his descriptions of ailments and treatments found written on papyrus and translated in the mid-1800s by Edwin Smith. Among the medical descriptions included in Imhotep's writings are cervical dislocations, skull fractures, and compound fractures. Indeed, mummies found in Egyptian tombs have been found with crude braces constructed from wood planks and linen straps on their limbs representing some of the earliest accounts of orthopedics. The use of autografts, allografts, and bone graft substitutes has interesting origins as well. The use of each graft type dates back several hundred years to apparently crude yet inspired methods and theories, which nonetheless set the stage for what we today consider state of the art.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCell.
=650  \0$aCeramic.
=650  \0$aPolymer.
=650  \0$aBone graft substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Regeneration.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=653  10$abone graft substitutes.
=653  20$apolymer.
=653  20$aceramic.
=653  20$acell.
=700  1\$aKhan, Yusuf, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aLaurencin, Cato T., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO62013002501.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO62013002501.htm

=LDR  03608nam  2200709 i 4500
=001  MONO62014000211
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2014||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170612 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO62014000211$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO62014000211$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
=082  04$a617.4/710592$223
=100  1\$aJiang, Tao, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 11 : Bone Graft Substitutes : A Regulatory Perspective / $cTao Jiang, Sergio J. Gadaleta.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (21 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 6 (November 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO62014000211
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO62014000211".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aVarious synthetic bone graft substitutes, demineralized bone matrix (DBM), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), allogeneic bone cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) currently are legally marketed bone graft substitutes; however, each of these products has a distinct regulatory classification and, as such, requires a different regulatory path for approval before marketing. This chapter provides the readers with a rudimentary review of the classification of medical devices, the mechanisms by which a manufacturer may commercialize a medical device, and the current regulatory status of various bone graft substitutes available on the U.S. market.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMedical device.
=650  \0$aPremarket approval.
=650  \0$aBone graft substitutes.
=650  \0$aPremarket notification.
=650  \0$aHumanitarian device exemption.
=650  \0$aBone Regeneration.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=653  10$abone graft substitutes.
=653  20$amedical device.
=653  20$apremarket notification.
=653  20$apremarket approval.
=653  20$ahumanitarian device exemption.
=700  1\$aGadaleta, Sergio J., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO62014000211.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO62014000211.htm

=LDR  03858nam  2200697 i 4500
=001  MONO62014000103
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2014||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170612 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO62014000103$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO62014000103$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
=082  04$a617.4/710592$223
=100  1\$aPylawka, Tamara, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3 : Xenograft Use in Orthopedic Surgery / $cTamara Pylawka, Ashim Gupta, Taj Eubanks, Benjamin J. Main, Saadiq F. El-Amin.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 6 (November 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO62014000103
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO62014000103".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b33.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aXenotransplantation is defined as any procedure that involves the infusion or implantation into a human of nonhuman animal tissue. Current medical research is focusing on tissue substitutes for treatment of a wide variety of human diseases and complications. In orthopedic surgery, many xenograft products for the treatment of musculoskeletal ailments have been extensively tested, with several products being approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. These products include substitutes for hard and soft tissue repair. Most xenografts in orthopedic surgery are of porcine or bovine origin. Although risk of disease transmission remains a concern for xenotransplantation, studies show that disease transmission by xenograft is low. In this chapter, our goal is to discuss xenograft use in orthopedic surgery, explain the health risks involved in xenotransplantation, and explore current research in xenotransplantation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aXenografts.
=650  \0$aOrthopedic surgery.
=650  \0$aXenotransplantation.
=650  \0$aBone Regeneration.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=653  10$axenografts.
=653  20$aorthopedic surgery.
=653  20$axenotransplantation.
=700  1\$aEl-Amin, Saadiq F., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aEubanks, Taj, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aGupta, Ashim, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aMain, Benjamin J., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO62014000103.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO62014000103.htm

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=001  MNL10684M
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=020  \\$a9780803145375 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803124950
=020  \\$a0803124953
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10684M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA418
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=245  00$aManual on Test Sieving Methods.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (43 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 32 (July 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10684M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10684M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$a1.1 Standard test sieves that conform to ASTM Specification E ll (Table 1) are referred to as U.S. Standard Testing Sieves and should always be used in a test sieve-based particle size measurement program. This series of test sieves, based on the principle of a fixed ratio of 4?2:1 between the sieve openings, was first introduced in the United States in 1910 and since has achieved worldwide use. The concept was pioneered by Peter Ritter von Rittinger of Austria in 1867. The number of sieves in the series and the spacing of the openings in the scale have been proved, by over 90 years experience, to be ideal for the separation of particulate materials according to designated size analysis using sieves. Since 1910, many countries have adopted national sieve standards based on the same fixed ratio as the U.S. Series.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aParticle size determination.
=650  \0$aSieves.
=650  \0$aGranular materials.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xNanotechnology & MEMS. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10684M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10684M.htm

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=245  00$aAnnex (Mandatory Information).
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10606M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10606M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aS1 The variation within a batch as provided in Table A1.1 shall be determined for each property listed as the difference between the highest value and the lowest value obtained from the different portions of the same batch. S2 For this specification, the comparison will be between two samples, representing the first and last portions of the batch being tested. S3 Test results conforming to the limits of five of the six tests listed in Table Al.l shall indicate uniform concrete within the limits of this specification.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10606M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10606M.htm

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=245  00$aTolerances in Slump.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10592M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10592M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSECTIONS 15 AND 16 REFERENCE or identify the use of the slump test, which has very specific procedures described in ASTM C 143/C 143M. The slump test was originally developed to provide a measure of consistency of freshly mixed concrete [77]. The basic test is performed by compacting a sample of concrete in a mold in the shape of a frustum of a cone with a height of 12 in. The concrete is compacted by tamping with a 5/8 in. smooth rod. The mold is raised vertically for removal. The slump measurement is the vertical drop of the concrete from its original height (12 in.) to the displaced position of the original center after removal of the mold.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10592M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10592M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aPractices, Test Methods, and Reporting.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10601M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10601M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTest ready-mixed concrete in accordance with the following methods: The purpose of the opening statement in Section 15.1 is to prohibit the reporting of test results or rejection of concrete on the basis of any test method not included in the subsections of 15.1. Each of these test methods has prescribed equipment and procedures to produce as much uniformity and repeatability as possible in the test results. Other test methods or deviations from the prescribed test methods or practice are not permitted.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10601M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10601M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA439
=082  04$a666/.893$223
=245  00$aSampling and Testing Fresh Concrete.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10602M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10602M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe contractor shall afford the inspector all reasonable access and assistance, without charge, for the procurement of samples of fresh concrete at time of placement to determine conformance of it to this specification.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10602M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10602M.htm

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=245  00$aMeasuring Materials.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10594M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10594M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aONE OF THE CRITICAL FACTORS in producing consistent concrete is the consistency of batching materials in successive batches, on successive days, and throughout the course of the project. The required accuracy of these batching measurements is the primary focus of Section 8.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10594M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10594M.htm

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=082  04$a666/.893$223
=245  00$aPlant Inspection.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10600M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10600M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aS1 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable access, without charge, for making necessary checks of the production facilities and for securing necessary samples to determine if the concrete is being produced in accordance with this specification. S2 All tests and inspection shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the manufacture and delivery of concrete.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10600M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10600M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145573 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133631
=020  \\$a0803133634
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10604M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA439
=082  04$a666/.893$223
=245  00$aFailure to Meet Strength Requirements.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10604M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10604M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aS1 In the event that concrete tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 17 fails to meet the strength requirements of this specification, the manufacturer of the readymixed concrete and the purchaser shall confer to determine whether agreement can be reached as to what adjustment, if any, shall be made. S2 If an agreement on a mutually satisfactory adjustment cannot be reached by the manufacturer and the purchaser, a decision shall be made by a panel of three qualified engineers, one of whom shall be designated by the purchaser, one by the manufacturer, and the third chosen by these two members of the panel. S3 The question of responsibility for the cost of such arbitration shall be determined by the panel. S4 Its decision shall be binding, except as modified by a court decision.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10604M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10604M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145573 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133631
=020  \\$a0803133634
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10603M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10603M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA439
=082  04$a666/.893$223
=245  00$aStrength.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10603M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10603M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aS1 When strength is used as a basis for acceptance of concrete, standard specimens shall be made in accordance with Practice C 31/C 31M. S2The specimens shall be cured under standard moisture and temperature conditions in accordance with the applicable provisions of Practice C 31/C 31M. S3 The technician performing the strength test shall be certified as an ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician, Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician-Grade II or by an equivalent written and performance test program covering the relevant test methods. S4If acceptance is based upon compressive strength test results, the certification requirement is satisfied by certification as an ACI Concrete Laboratory Testing Technician-Grade I or by an equivalent written and performance test program.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10603M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10603M.htm

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=245  00$aAppendix : ASTM C 94-35.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10608M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10608M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10608M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10608M.htm

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=245  00$aAir-Entrained Concrete.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
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=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10593M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10593M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSECTIONS 15 AND 16 REFERENCE or detail the specifics of determining the air content of freshly mixed concrete. Three ASTM methods are available for the measurement of air in the concrete: 1. ASTM Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method (C 231) 2. ASTM Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method (C 173/C 173M) 3. ASTM Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete (C 138/C 138M)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10593M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10593M.htm

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=245  00$aMaterials.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10591M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10591M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn the absence of designated applicable specifications covering requirements for quality of materials, the following specifications shall govern: This sentence is an invitation to every specifier and purchaser to be explicit about the quality of raw materials desired or requirements for the use of specific materials or a particular brand of product. Without any such special or specific requirements or a complete list of material requirements, the ready-mixed concrete manufacturer is obligated to meet the requirements of Section 5. Note that it is not the manufacturer's obligation to determine the proper materials based upon a set of project criteria. It remains the responsibility of the purchaser or the designated agent to determine specific material criteria and to identify these specific criteria to the manufacturer (producer) in advance of pricing and ordering. Defaults are provided for some materials not covered by specific information from the purchaser.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10591M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10591M.htm

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=245  00$aBasis of Purchase.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10589M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10589M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe basis of purchase shall be the cubic yard or cubic meter of freshly mixed and unhardened concrete as discharged from the mixer.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10589M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10589M.htm

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=245  00$aBatching Plant.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10595M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10595M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS IS AN OVERALL specification for a concrete batch plant. A wide range of plant types is covered within this section. The basic needs for producing consistent concrete are defined. Plant differences are brought about by factors such as increasing production rates, automating methods to replace personnel, and replacing human judgment with equipment operating on fixed parameters.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10595M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10595M.htm

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=245  00$aScope.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10587M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10587M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aS1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete manufactured and delivered to a purchaser in a freshly mixed and unhardened state as hereinafter specified. S2 Requirements for quality of concrete shall be either as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser. S3 In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the purchaser's specification shall govern. S4 This specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10587M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10587M.htm

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=245  00$aReferenced Documents.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10588M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10588M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEVERY DOCUMENT referenced within ASTM C 94/C 94M is listed in Table 2.A with a cross-reference to the section where the referenced document appears in the specification. ASTM referenced documents do not carry a date because the reference is always to the latest edition of each document. The superscript number after an ASTM Standard refers to the footnote at the bottom of the page providing the ASTM volume number in which the Standard appears.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10588M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10588M.htm

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=050  \4$aTA439
=082  04$a666/.893$223
=245  00$aUse of Nonagitating Equipment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10598M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10598M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aS1 When the use of nonagitating transportation equipment is approved by the purchaser, the concrete shall be manufactured in a central mix plant. S2 The proportions of the concrete shall be approved by the purchaser, and the following limitations shall apply: It is not the intention of ASTM C 94/C 94M to require the use of nonagitating equipment when the mixing is accomplished in a central-mix plant. It is the intention of ASTM C 94/C 94M to require the purchaser's approval to use non-agitating equipment as a delivery vehicle. The question to be answered is if the purchaser will allow the concrete to be hauled by nonagitating equipment, or if agitating equipment will be required or permitted.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10598M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10598M.htm

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=050  \4$aTA439
=082  04$a666/.893$223
=245  00$aMixers and Agitators.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10596M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10596M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE BASIC REQUIREMENTS for mixers (stationary or portable) and for agitating transport equipment are described in this section. Mandatory nameplate data are listed for both mixers and agitators. Maximum capacities (mixed concrete volume) of the units in terms of their overall volume are stated. Uniformity of the mixed concrete occupies a major segment of this section. The importance of concrete homogeneity and uniformity is evidenced by the last five subsections, which reference Annex A1, Concrete Uniformity Requirements..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10596M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10596M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803133634
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=050  \4$aTA439
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=245  00$aMixing and Delivery.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10597M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10597M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aReady-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered to the point designated by the purchaser by means of one of the following combinations of operations: 11.1.1 Central-Mixed Concrete 11.1.2 Shrink-Mixed Concrete 11.1.3 Truck-Mixed Concrete.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10597M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10597M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803133634
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=050  \4$aTA439
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=245  00$aBatch Ticket Information.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 49 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10599M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10599M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe manufacturer of the concrete shall furnish to the purchaser with each batch of concrete before unloading at the site, a delivery ticket on which is printed, stamped, or written, information concerning said concrete as follows: Delivery tickets are business items that are critical to the ready-mixed concrete industry. Without tickets, who could remember at day's end if 14 loads were delivered, or was it 15, and was the last load 6  yd3 or 7 yd3? The signed delivery ticket (batch ticket) is a major component of a business transaction. For small projects, the delivery ticket is essentially the contract between the purchaser and the manufacturer of the concrete. It is usually only on larger projects that a purchase order or subcontract is used as a contract. The delivery ticket also can become a major part of a forensic investigation if problems develop. The need for many of the items on the ticket is self-evident and will not be discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10599M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10599M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 4 : Lubricant Additives.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (112 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11464M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11464M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THIS CHAPTER WE DESCRIBE THE CHEMISTRY, manufacture, and properties of the chemicals that are used in lubricants as additives. The function of these chemicals is either to enhance the already existing properties of the base fluids or to impart new properties that they lack. Discussion also includes the mechanism by which each additive type performs its functions, multifunctional nature of some additives, and their impact on the environment. The need and the development of a new additive and the process by which it is approved for use in a particular application are also explained. All mechanical equipment must be lubricated. The primary purpose is to reduce friction and wear. If not controlled, these can lead to inefficiencies, damage, and ultimately to equipment seizure. Pictorial records depicting the use of lubricants date as far back as 1650 B.C. Analysis of the residue from chariot axle hubs suggests the use of animal fat as a lubricant, as early as 1400 B.C. This practice continued until 1859 when petroleum-based lubricants became available. While the claimed use of additives in lubricants dates far back into the 1860s, the modern history of lubricant additives began in the early 20th century, with the use of fatty oils and sulfur in mineral oils to improve lubrication under high loads. The use of additives became common only after the 1930s when more compact and faster engines were developed and the OEMs stalled to specify oils for use in their equipment [181,182]. However, these were the military needs during and after the Second World War that were the major driving force behind the development of the lubricant additives as we know them today. This is because the fast-running engines had a complex design, which placed a heavy demand on the lubricants. At that time, besides the SAE viscosity classification system, there were no established performance criteria and the end-user had to depend on the lubricant supplier's claims regarding the suitability of the lubricants [182]. Additives are not only critical to the manufacture and use of automotive fuels and lubricants; they are also extensively used in petroleum recovery as drilling additives and refining as refinery chemicals [183]. This was discussed in Chapter 2 on Mineral Base Stocks. Some of the highlights of the additives development are as follows. 1. Sodium soap greases were developed in the 1930s. They did not suffer from water sensitivity and had better resistance to high temperatures than the lime or calcium soap (calcium carboxylate) greases, the use of which dates back to the 1880s. 2. In 1937, the lubricants containing a lead soap-active sulfur additive combination, known as an extreme-pressure or EP additive system, was found to be effective. When GM in its 1937 models introduced hypoid axles, it tested and recommended the use of a number of such lubricants. 3. Complex calcium soap greases were invented in 1940, lithium soap greases were invented in 1942/1943, and barium greases were invented in the 1950s. These greases retain their semi-solid morphology at much higher temperatures than their sodium and calcium analogues. They contain sodium nitrite to inhibit corrosion and oxidation. 4. Until 1947, the performance of the engine oils was defined solely by their viscosity grades, without due consideration to the engine design, its operating environments, and the fuel type and quality. In 1947, API introduced three performance categories, regular, premium, and heavy-duty, based on the severity of service. Regular oils were straight mineral oils with or without viscosity modifiers and corresponded to oils defined previously by the viscosity grades. These oils were for both gasoline and diesel engines operating under mild to moderate service conditions. Premium oils, designed for somewhat more severe operating conditions, generally contained oxidation and corrosion inhibitors, and, in some cases, mild detergents. Heavy-duty oils possessed better oxidation and corrosion resistance and detergency than the premium oils and were designed to withstand the most severe service. 5. In the early 1950s, multi-grade oils were an outcome of the development of the viscosity modifiers. These were made by dissolving polymeric materials to low viscosity, or thin, oils.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11464M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11464M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 10 : Lubricating Greases.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (54 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11470M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11470M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THIS CHAPTER WE REVIEW THE TECHNOLOGY of lubricating greases. Because of their distinct physical form relative to liquid lubricants, greases are used in specialized applications, such as roller bearings and slow speed gear systems, where a liquid lubricant either cannot be used or has inadequate performance. Composition, chemistry, properties, manufacture, and methods to produce lubricating greases are discussed. The chapter also includes discussion pertaining to selection criteria, testing requirements, and handling and disposal of greases. We close the chapter with examples of grease formulations. The use of animal fat in combination with lime, a crude form of the modern lubricating grease dates back to 1400 B.C. [33]. In fact, the word grease is derived from the Latin word crassus for fat. Lubricating grease is one of the oldest lubricants used by man. The use of the animal fat for lubrication continued until the late 19th/early 20th century when mineral oil-derived greases were developed. This occurred after the discovery of petroleum in 1859. Incidentally, in this chapter, grease and lubricating grease and oil and fluid are interchangeable terms and imply the same. Mineral oil thickened with calcium carboxylate (lime soap) was the first grease that was marketed in volume. This was followed by aluminum stearate grease, sodium soap grease, calcium complex soap grease, and lithium and barium soap greases. A great break through occurred in 1942 when it was discovered that lithium 12-hydroxystearate-derived greases possess superior properties. The evolution of the lubricating greases is depicted in Fig. 10.1. One way to look at the timeline is that a particular lubricating grease had some inherent deficiencies; hence another grease was developed to overcome them.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11470M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11470M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803170009
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11461M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=245  00$aChapter 1 : Lubrication Fundamentals.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11461M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11461M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER DEALS WITH THE FUNDAMENTALS of lubrication. It covers the lubricant functions, nature and composition of the lubricants market, concepts of friction, lubrication, viscosity, and wear, lubricant types, and lubricant selection, performance specifications, and composition. A brief description of the lubricant classes and additives is also provided. The concepts addressed in this chapter are invaluable in understanding the modern lubricant technology and the material covered in the subsequent chapters. Almost all modern machines require the use of a lubricant. Power generation in such equipment is achieved by the use of engines that mostly comprise metal parts that move against one another. In many cases, there is metal-to-metal contact that leads to the generation of friction and heat, which results in wear. The extent of wear in equipment depends upon the degree of the metal-to-metal contact, either due to the equipment design or the nature of the operation. For example, the equipment that is designed to experience minimal metal-to-metal contact, as is the case in most parts of an internal combustion engine, there is little friction and wear. However; the parts that are designed to have intimate metal-to-metal contact, such as gears and bearings, wear due to friction is extensive. With respect to the effect of equipment operation on wear, high-speed, low-load operation leads to lower wear than slow-speed, high-load operation. This is because in the former case there is minimal metal-to-metal contact. A lubricant can be a solid, liquid, or gas, and lubrication is its primary function. The usual objective of the lubrication is to lubricate surfaces to minimize direct metal-to-metal contact and, hence, reduce friction and wear. The term lubricant is also loosely applied to many other fluids that do not specifically perform this function. Examples include power and heat transmission fluids, hydraulic fluids, dielectric fluids, process oils, and the others. Incidentally, in this book the term lubricant pertains to a finished lubricant, that is, it comprises base fluid and additives. A lubricant performs many diverse functions, which help protect and prolong the life of the equipment [1]. These include the following: 1. Lubrication (reduce friction and wear)Lubricant helps reduce friction and wear by introducing a lubricating film between mechanical moving parts, such as gears and bearings. Essentially the presence of a lubricating film minimizes the metal-to-metal contact and reduces the force necessary to move one surface against the other, thereby reducing wear and saving energy. 2. Cooling (heat transfer)Lubricant acts as a heat sink and dissipates the heat away from the critical moving parts of the equipment, thereby decreasing the possibility of the machine component deformation and wear. The heat is either frictional heat that results from the metal surfaces rubbing against one another, such as in gears, or is conducted and radiated heat, which is due to the close proximity of the parts to a combustion source, such as the combustion chamber in an automobile engine. 3. Cleaning and SuspendingLubricant facilitates smooth operation of the equipment by removing and suspending potentially harmful products, such as carbon, sludge, and varnish, and the other materials, such as dirt and wear debris. This lubricant function is important in operations that involve high operating temperatures, as in the case of an internal combustion engine or a transmission. This is because in these applications the lubricant gets oxidized to form deposit precursors that can separate on hot surfaces and get converted into deposits. 4. ProtectionLubricant prevents metal damage due to oxidation products, corrosion, and wear. It achieves this by forming a physical film on metal surfaces that is impervious to oxygen, water, and acids, or by forming physical and chemical films by additives, such as rust and corrosion inhibitors, extreme-pressure (EP) additives, and anti-wear agents, that are present in the lubricant. 5. Transfer PowerLubricant is used as a power transfer medium in some applications, for example, in hydraulic systems. The lubricant performs this function in addition to its normal function of lubrication. Examples of equipment that use hydraulics technology include transmissions, circulating systems, lifts used in automotive service stations, log splitters, fork lifts, dump trucks, and underground continuous mining equipment such as drills, loaders, and miners.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11461M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11461M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803170009
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11471M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ1077
=082  04$a621.8/9$223
=245  00$aChapter 11 : Metalworking and Machining Fluids.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (34 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11471M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11471M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDISCUSSION IN THIS CHAPTER PERTAINS TO fluids that facilitate metalworking and machining operations. The nature of the various working operations is examined, along with the properties of the lubricants needed for each. Discussion includes metalworking fluid classifications, composition, formulating, and testing. Representative examples of the various metalworking fluid formulations are also provided at the end of the chapter. Metalworking is the process of converting the bulk metal into a component, or a part, and primarily involves two types of operations: Those that produce metal debris and those that produce no debris. The former type is classified as the metal removal operations and the latter type is classified as the metal forming operations. Cutting and grinding are examples of the first type and drawing, stamping, and bending are examples of the second type. All metalworking operations involve bringing two solids, a tool and a work-piece, together to create a new part or a shape. The process involves high friction, high pressures, high temperatures, and tool wear, and it is the job of the lubricant, or the metalworking fluid, to control them. Metalworking fluids accomplish this by providing cooling, lubrication, and protection against corrosion. They, therefore, improve the efficiency of the operation, and hence increase productivity. Irrespective of the type of the metal cutting operation, whether it is turning, milling, drilling, planing, shaping, broaching, or sawing, the mechanism of action of all cutting tools is the same. That is, the cutting is performed by the tool either as it moves across the metal surface being machined, or the tool is stationary and the metal surface moves against it. In either case, the process is accompanied by plastic deformation of the metal surface at the front of the cutting edge of the tool and the rubbing of the formed chip with the tool surface, as shown in Fig. 11.1. The temperature estimates in the cutting zone are 900C on the tool's cutting edge, 500C on the chip, and 200C on the work-piece. As we move away from this zone, the temperature of the tool drops to 400C on the tool's outer edge and to 200C on the chip. About 75% of the heat generated is due to the deformation of the metal and the other 25% results from the friction due to sliding of the chip on the tool face. Metal deformation occurs due to shear or plastic flow along the shear plane that extends from the edge of the tool to the surface of the work-piece metal, see Fig. 11.1. Below the shear plane the metal is undisturbed; above it the metal is deformed and ultimately results in the formation of a chip. It is critical that the high temperatures in the cutting zone are decreased, otherwise extensive tool wear and rough finish of the work-piece will occur. In the case of the brittle materials, high temperatures in addition may cause the fracture of the metal along the shear plane, which will form a discontinuous or segmentai-type chip. This is undesired since it will interrupt the continuous cutting action. In the case of the ductile metals, high temperatures will also cause a built-up-edge on the nose of the tool, which will result in a severe plowing action and again poor finish of the work-piece surface will occur. The built-up edge is the stagnant mass of the metal that sheared away from the body of the chip by the high tool-face friction.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11471M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11471M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 13 : Lubricants and the Environment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11473M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11473M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER DEALS WITH THE IMPACT OF lubricants on the environment. Primary emphasis is placed on the used lubricants since they may contain materials that are harmful to life or the environment or both. Topics of lubricant conservation and the used oil reclamation, reprocessing, and disposal are also addressed and so are the concepts of the environmental compatibility biodegradability and toxicity of the lubricants. Concern for the entry of used lubricant into the environment is on the rise, especially in industrialized countries. There are three main avenues to restrain the ever-increasing use of lubricants. These are to develop equipment, wherever and whenever possible, that does not require a lubricant, extend service intervals, and when possible recycle the used lubricant. In order to attain the extended service interval, one must use lubricants with extended useful life. Recycling is the option to minimize the used lubricants entry into the environment. This translates into cost savings, with respect to buying a batch of a new lubricant as well as in disposal costs, and the potential damage to the environment, if the disposal method is inappropriate. Ways to minimize inadvertent entry of the lubricant into the environment is to use a closed system, where appropriate. A prime example is the modern automobile, where the automobile manufacturers have successfully minimized the loss of the lubricant or its volatile components into the environment through leakage and evaporation. They have achieved this by building closely fitting parts and recycling the volatiles into the engine by installing closed ventilation systems. Many industrial users of lubricants employ such self-contained systems to prevent the unintended lubricant loss into the environment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11473M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11473M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803170009
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11468M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a621.8/9$223
=245  00$aChapter 8 : Gear Lubricants.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (28 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11468M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11468M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THIS CHAPTER WE DISCUSS GEAR LUBRICANT technology. We deal with the topics of gear types, gear metallurgy, and types of gear damage. An understanding of all these subjects is important to formulating a suitable gear lubricant. Performance standards and testing of the gear lubricants, both automotive and industrial, are also described. The chapter concludes with a number of formulation examples. The primary functions of a gear oil are to reduce friction between the gear surfaces in contact, dissipate heat, and provide extreme pressure protection to gears and axles against fatigue, scoring, and wear damage, under boundary lubrication conditions [12]. In automotive applications, the gear lubricant must also minimize shock and the noise resulting from the motion of the meshed gears in the rear axles, thereby providing a smooth and quiet operation during acceleration.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11468M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11468M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ1077
=082  04$a621.8/9$223
=245  00$aChapter 6 : Emissions in an Internal Combustion Engine.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (61 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11466M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11466M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aUNDESIRABLE EMISSIONS IN INTERNAL COMBUStion engines are of major concern beause of their negative impact on air quality, human health, and global warming. Therefore, there is a concerted effort by most governments to control them. Undesirable emissions include unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). In this chapter, we present the U.S. and European emissions standards, both for gasoline and diesel operated engines, and strategies to control the undesirable emissions. The role of engine design, vehicle operating variables, fuel quality, and emission control devices in minimizing the above-listed pollutants are also detailed in this chapter. Emissions is a collective term that is used to describe the undesired gases and particles which are released into the air or emitted by various sources, Its amount and the type change with a change in the industrial activity, technology, and a number of other factors, such as air pollution regulations and emissions controls [535]. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is primarily concerned with emissions that are or can be harmful to the public at large. EPA considers carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), paniculate matter (PM), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as the pollutants of primary concern, called the Criteria Pollutants. These pollutants originate from the following four types of sources. 1. Point sources, which include facilities such as factories and electric power plants. 2. Mobile sources, which include cars and trucks but also lawn mowers, airplanes, and anything else that moves and releases pollutants into the air. 3. Biogenic sources, which include trees and vegetation, gas seeps, and microbial activity. 4. Area sources, which consist of smaller stationary sources such as dry cleaners and degreaslng operations.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11466M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11466M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803168312 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170001
=020  \\$a0803170009
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11463M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11463M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=245  00$aChapter 3 : Synthetic and Biological (Natural) Base Stocks.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (53 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11463M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11463M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER COVERS NON-PETROLEUM lubricant base stocks. These are either man-made (synthetic) or biological in origin. These base stocks possess certain advantages over mineral base stocks, which make their use more suitable in lubricants that are employed in applications that experience temperature extremes or operating conditions, or both. Interest in the base stocks of biological origin is primarily due to their superior environmental compatibility and availability from renewable sources. In this chapter, we discuss their chemistry, synthesis or isolation, and the advantages. As stated previously, the base stocks used for formulating lubricants are derived from three sources: petroleum, raw materials derived from petroleum, and plants and animal (natural). Here we will discuss materials that are either synthesized from petroleum-derived raw materials or are isolated from seeds and fruits. Animal fats, except for fish oils, because of their nonfluid nature at room temperature are unsuitable for use as liquid base stocks. At one time fish oils were abundantly used either as base fluids or starting materials to manufacture additives, such as sulfurized sperm oil, for use as EP agents. However, fish oils are no longer readily available because of the conservation interest against the slaughter of the oil-bearing large fish.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11463M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11463M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803168312 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170001
=020  \\$a0803170009
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11472M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11472M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ1077
=082  04$a621.8/9$223
=245  00$aChapter 12 : Lubricant Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (48 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11472M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11472M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THIS CHAPTER WE DESCRIBE ANALYTICAL AND spectroscopic techniques and physical and chemical tests that are used to establish structural/compositional identity and physical and chemical properties of the additives, base stocks, and finished lubricants. Tribological (mechanical) tests are also included and so are the performance requirements of the finished lubricants and their in-service condition monitoring. The chapter also contains discussion pertaining to the new lubricant approval process and a list of ASTM and other standardized tests that are commonly used to assess lubricant quality. Lubricant additives are either supplied individually or as a performance package for the user to blend in the base fluid of his or her choice to make a finished lubricant. The former is the case for nonautomotive lubricants and the latter is the case for automotive lubricants. In either case, the finished lubricant must meet the performance requirements established by a variety of technical organizations, OEMs, and the end-users. At high concentrations, the additive molecules exist as association structures, called micelles, due to intermolecular association via their polar ends. Upon dilution, deaggregation occurs and the additive molecules attain a more active form. Because the additives are reactive chemicals, they can interact with one another, when in a package, either synergistically or antagonistically [765]. The formulators challenge is to deliver the intended performance by minimizing the antagonistic effects and maximizing the synergistic effects through careful balancing. For automotive use, the viscosity modifier and the performance package are usually sold separately [308] and for the applications needing a viscosity modifier, it is blended in the base fluid along with the performance package to obtain the finished lubricant. Typically, the lubricant additive suppliers develop general-purpose performance packages, which when blended in widely available base stocks in a predetermined amount meet industry specifications. Additive suppliers may fine tune their packages for an individual company's use in its base stocks. Table 4.33 shows the classes of additives that are used to formulate engine lubricants and Table 4.34 contains the classes of additives that are used to formulate nonengine lubricants. Formulation examples were provided in previous chapters dealing with the various fluid types.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11472M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11472M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803170009
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11474M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11474M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ1077
=082  04$a621.8/9$223
=245  00$aCopyright Permissions.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11474M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11474M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11474M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11474M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803170009
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11467M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11467M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ1077
=082  04$a621.8/9$223
=245  00$aChapter 7 : Hydraulic and Transmission Fluids.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (48 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11467M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11467M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THIS CHAPTER WE PRESENT TECHNOLOGY relating to hydraulic and transmission fluids. Under the topic of hydraulic fluids, we describe fluids both for tractor-type equipment and industrial hydraulics. We list the performance requirements of various equipment manufacturers and teach the formulating of an appropriate fluid. Under the topic of transmission fluids, we describe fluid requirements for automatic transmissions, power transmissions, and continuously variable transmissions. We conclude the chapter by citing formulation examples for each type of fluid.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11467M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11467M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 2 : Mineral Base Oils.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11462M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11462M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THIS CHAPTER WE DESCRIBE PETROLEUM composition and the oil field and refinery chemicals that are used to facilitate petroleum drilling to extract crude petroleum from beneath the earth's surface and refine it to yield value-added products, such as fuels, lubricant base stocks, and petrochemicals. The chapter also describes many of the refinery processes in some detail to explain the manner in which the hydrocarbon cuts from petroleum with suitable properties for use as lubricant base stocks are obtained. Commonly referred to as mineral oils, they are the cheapest and the most abundant base stocks available and therefore are often used to formulate lubricants. Discussion also includes the desirable properties of the mineral oils that are critical to formulating a quality lubricant. Untreated or nonformulated lubricants (mineral base oils and synthetic base stocks) do not possess the necessary properties to perform effectively in todays demanding lubricating environments. To function properly in such environments, base fluids need the help of chemicals, called additives. Additives improve the lubricating ability of the base oils either by enhancing the desirable properties already present or by adding new properties. Most of today's lubricants are formulated lubricants, and additives are their integral part [33]. The world consumption of lubricant additives has increased from 2.6 million metric tons (5.7 billion lb) in 1997 to about 3 million metric tons (6.6 billion lb) in 2006. The consumption is expected either to plateau or grow slowly in North America and Western Europe, which consume the largest share of the total. The developing economies of Asia, such as India and China, and of Latin America, such as Brazil, Chile, and Argentina, are expected to see a faster growth.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11462M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11462M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 9 : Miscellaneous Industrial Lubricants.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (33 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11469M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11469M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDISCUSSION IN THIS CHAPTER DEALS WITH lubricants that are used in various industrial applications. The lubricants described include turbine lubricants, compressor and refrigeration oils, food grade lubricants, and a variety of others. For each type of lubricant, criteria for selection, performance requirements, and testing are considered. The chapter is concluded by presenting representative formulations for some of these lubricant types. The lubricant market is divided into two major segments: Automotive and industrial. Automotive lubricants include engine oils, transmission fluids, automotive gear oils, tractor hydraulic fluids, and automotive greases. Industrial lubricants are used to lubricate industrial equipment which help produce a variety of materials and products for the consumer use. Such lubricants include metalworking fluids, general machine oils, slide way lubricants, industrial gear oils, hydraulic fluids, turbine lubricants, rust prevention oils, compressor oils, refrigeration oils, industrial greases, and miscellaneous others. Distinction between the two lubricant segments is not clear cut since some applications can be included in either of the two groups. For example, aviation turbines, marine engines, and railroad engines are considered by some as industrial applications and not automotive. Worldwide share of industrial lubricants is a found 45% of the total lubricant market. Physical properties of these lubricants are usually specified by ISO viscosity grades, and their performance requirements are established by the U.S. Military, OEMs, and end-users.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11469M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11469M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 5 : Combustion Engine Lubricants.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (61 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 59 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11465M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11465M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDISCUSSION IN THIS CHAPTER PERTAINS TO combustion engine lubricants. The chemistry and technology of these lubricants are presented along with United States and European performance specifications and the process of establishing them. In order to facilitate understanding, various types of internal combustion engines and their operation are described. The chapter also addresses the current topics of fuel economy, emissions control, and extended service intervals. The chapter is concluded by citing examples of several engine oil formulations. Engine lubricants, or engine oils, are designed for use in internal combustion engines. Modern engines operate on a wide variety of fuels and in environments that involve temperature extremes; hence their lubrication is quite complex. A combustion engine lubricant must possess attributes to help it perform the following functions effectively. 1. Permit Easy Starting: It must have low viscosity at low temperatures and be pumpable, so as to instantaneously reach the engine parts that need lubrication. This is an important attribute since most of the engine wear occurs during the start-up, primarily due to lubricant starvation. 2. Maintain Adequate Viscosity at High Temperatures: This is important because most oils experience a decrease in viscosity at high temperatures, such as those in and around the combustion engine. If the viscosity of the oil drops too far; the lubricant loses its ability to form the lubricating film of the appropriate thickness, which will permit metal- to-metal contact and wear will ensue. 3. Lubricate and Prevent Wear: This translates into the oil forming a lubricating film of appropriate thickness to prevent metal surfaces from contacting each other and experiencing wear. For most engine parts the surfaces are well separated, which makes lubrication easier. However, there are parts such as the piston rings and cam lobes, which are designed to have metal-to-metal contact and the function of the lubricant is to minimize wear by making chemical surface films. 4. Reduce Friction: The formation of the lubricant film of proper thickness on surfaces and its maintenance will reduce friction and the accompanied wear. This is especially true during the start-up and idle, when the lubrication is inadequate and the frictional losses occur. Therefore, controlling friction will improve the fuel economy. 5. Protect Against Rust and Corrosion: Water resulting from the fuel combustion, while meant to escape through the exhaust, can condense on the cylinder walls, or travel past piston rings as part of the blow-by and enter the crankcase. This typically occurs in cold weather or short distance driving because the engine and the lubricant are not hot enough for water to be removed via evaporation. Water can initiate rust and, in the presence of the acidic materials resulting from the lubricant oxidation and additive decomposition, can cause corrosion. 6. Keep Engine Parts Clean: Partial fuel combustion products, such as free radicals, soot, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides, enter the crankcase as the blow-by and react/interact with the lubricant to form highly polar deposit precursors and corrosive materials. These species have the tendency to separate on the hot surfaces to form deposits and to lead to corrosion. Engine lubricants are designed to prevent the formation of these species or keep them from separating on the surfaces by suspending them in the bulk lubricant, or both. 7. Cool Engine Parts: Cooling of the engine parts is crucial to its trouble-free operation. Parts that must be cooled include cylinder heads, cylinder walls, valves, crankshaft, main and connecting rod bearings, timing gears, pistons, and others. Certain parts of the engine can be cooled by the use of a coolant, which is typically a mixture of water and ethylene glycol. Other parts cannot be effectively cooled by the coolant, either because of their vicinity, or the part temperature is extremely high, which leads to the rapid evaporation of water. In such situations, the lubricant acts as a coolant. 8. Seal Combustion Pressures: Surfaces of piston rings, ring grooves, and cylinder walls do not have an ideal fit, primarily because of the machining limitations. It is important that these parts act as a good seal to prevent the loss of the high combustion and compression pressures, which are needed for the efficient engine operation. A loss into the low pressure area of the crankcase would result in a reduction of the engine power and efficiency. Engine oils therefore improve the seal by filling spaces in the above-listed parts. Typically the oil film that acts as a seal is only 0.025-mm thick; hence it is ineffective in filling spaces that are larger because of the intensive wear. Incidentally, the oil consumption in a new engine is high until the surfaces in these parts become smoother due to wear for the oil to form a better seal. 9. Control Foam: Foaming of the engine oil due to air entrainment occurs because of the rapidly moving engine parts which create turbulence. The result is the formation of the air bubbles, which normally rise to the surface of the oil and break. However, the presence of water and additives, many of which have surfactant properties, slows down this process. Foam in the engine oil is undesired because of its poor cooling ability and noncontinuous film formation, which will result in excessive engine wear. While a good quality engine oil can perform these functions adequately, the continuing efforts of the OEMs to improve emissions quality by recycling partial combustion products from the exhaust and venting the volatiles from the fuel system and the bulk lubricant (positive crankcase ventilation) into the combustion chamber place additional demands on the lubricant. This strategy is effective in lowering the partial combustion products, such as the unburned or partially burned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, but at the expense of enriching the combustion mixture in NOx (nitrogen oxides), a potent oxidant. This will be discussed further in Chapter 6 dealing with Emissions in an Internal Combustion Engine.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11465M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11465M.htm

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=001  MNL10130M
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=008  170503c1993||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145252 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120525
=020  \\$a0803120524
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10130M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10130M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA404.25
=082  04$a025.06/62011$223
=100  1\$aRumble, JR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3 : Types of Materials Databases / $cJR. Rumble.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 19 (November 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10130M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10130M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of this chapter is to define different types of materials databases using several classification schemes. The schemes include: material data type, user type, application type, and access type.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aLANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES $xLibrary & Information Science $vGeneral.
=650  \0$aMaterials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10130M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10130M.htm

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=008  170503c1993||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145252 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120525
=020  \\$a0803120524
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10134M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10134M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA404.25
=082  04$a025.06/62011$223
=100  1\$aKaufman, JG., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 7 : Management and Operation of Database Building and Distribution Functions / $cJG. Kaufman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 19 (November 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10134M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10134M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of the material in this chapter is to provide guidelines for builders, maintainers, and distributors of computerized materials properties databases for any delivery system, for example, personal computer, workstation, mainframe, or online systems. It provides some basic tenets of database management and operating philosophy. These tenets are intended to ensure the development, maintenance, and distribution of machine-readable material property databases that are easily accessed and utilized, and are responsive to users' needs and expectations with respect to quality, reliability, and degree of documentation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aLANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES $xLibrary & Information Science $vGeneral.
=650  \0$aMaterials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10134M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10134M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120524
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10135M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10135M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA404.25
=082  04$a025.06/62011$223
=100  1\$aSargent, P., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 8 : Data Transfer / $cP. Sargent.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 19 (November 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10135M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10135M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b27.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe major difficulty in transferring materials property information among database systems is the conceptual mismatch of the sending and receiving systems, between the ways in which (1) materials are designated and (2) properties are defined. The second major difficulty is that the two systems usually represent relationships between data and metadata [1] using different conventions. Third are the relatively minor technical problems of agreeing text or binary file formats, which relate names of terms to their values, and which represent numbers, symbols, units, and text. There are organizational problems of agreeing which and what kind of information should be transferred, what pricing scheme to use, determining who should pay for the development of translator software, and determining how it should be sold or distributed. These are even more problematic in practice than the technical issues. Transfer of all technical data has certain things in common with respect to scope, software, and organization.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aLANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES $xLibrary & Information Science $vGeneral.
=650  \0$aMaterials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10135M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10135M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145252 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120525
=020  \\$a0803120524
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10129M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10129M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA404.25
=082  04$a025.06/62011$223
=100  1\$aBegley, EF., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 2 : Program Infrastructure / $cEF. Begley.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 19 (November 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10129M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10129M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter will focus on the methodology and basic system components needed for successful implementation of a materials database. The discussion will be presented in a hints, tips, and everyday wisdom manner so that the reader, hopefully, will come to recognize troublesome areas and, perhaps, sidestep or hurdle them when possible.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aLANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES $xLibrary & Information Science $vGeneral.
=650  \0$aMaterials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10129M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10129M.htm

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=100  1\$aWardle, MW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 5 : Nomenclature and Current Standards for Recording of Test Results and Properties / $cMW.  Wardle.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 19 (November 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10132M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10132M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOne of the important tasks associated with the design phase of a materials properties database is defining and understanding the exact nature of the data to be stored in the database. Among the key questions are: (1) What are the data types: character strings, numbers, numerical arrays, graphics, images? (2) For numerical data, what is their format: integer, floating point, exponential? How many decimals? How many significant figures? (3) What metadata need to be associated with the data, and what is their form?.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aLANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES $xLibrary & Information Science $vGeneral.
=650  \0$aMaterials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10132M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10132M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aBarrett, AJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 6 : Data Evaluation, Validation, and Quality / $cAJ. Barrett.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10133M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10133M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b25.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe term data means scientific or technical measurements, values, or facts, which can be represented by numbers or in other ways. These values or facts form the basis of calculations and of technical or scientific decisions. To be more specific, materials data should accurately represent such values as ultimate strength in tension, stiffness in torsion, hardness, and up to 50 or more similar mechanical properties in addition to numerous electrical, electronic, thermal, and other physical properties, corrosion, oxidation, and processing characteristics. Each data value corresponds to a particular loading condition, time of application, and set of values for each of several possible ambient environmental and other parameters. First, however, the material itself needs to be identified unambiguously in terms of its chemical composition, form, heat and other treatment, source, and more. Finally, beyond the mechanical and physical properties, data may be required on the cost of a target material, on its availability, its environmental impacts, and even, perhaps, its aesthetic qualities. Most of these data are numeric values, but they do not stand alone. The mechanical properties, for example, are dependent upon the test methods or predictive mathematical models that were used to determine them.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aLANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES $xLibrary & Information Science $vGeneral.
=650  \0$aMaterials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10133M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10133M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aNewton, CH., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1 : Introduction to the Building of Materials Databases / $cCH. Newton.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 19 (November 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10128M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10128M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b22.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter provides an introduction to the development of material property databases. The value of material property databases is discussed. Key concepts that are used throughout the manual are introduced. The standards organizations involved in materials property databases are discussed. This manual focuses on the use of standards developed by or in cooperation with ASTM Committee E-49 on the Computerization of Material and Chemical Property Data. ASTM Committee E-49 is at the forefront in developing standards in this area. The final section of this chapter introduces the steps involved in the design of a materials property database. The steps highlight the use of the ASTM E-49 standards and the other chapters in the manual.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aLANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES $xLibrary & Information Science $vGeneral.
=650  \0$aMaterials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10128M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10128M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aMoniz, B., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 4 : Nomenclature and Current Standards for Identification of Engineering Materials / $cB. Moniz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10131M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10131M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe identification or description of a material is one of the most important features of a materials property database. It is the primary method by which users enter and search any database and by which materials property developers recognize or code their materials.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aLANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES $xLibrary & Information Science $vGeneral.
=650  \0$aMaterials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10131M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10131M.htm

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=008  170503c1993||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145252 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120525
=020  \\$a0803120524
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10136M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10136M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a025.06/62011$223
=100  1\$aStanton, E., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 9 : Building a Model Database : Express Example / $cE. Stanton.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 19 (November 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10136M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10136M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTo build a good database requires reliable data relevant to the user's application and a data architecture that efficiently loads the information into a database system. In this chapter we focus on the actual database building process and recommend other chapters of this book for additional important information on computerizing materials data. To allow this focus, we build a model database from test data from an automotive composite structure without reviewing the design requirements that led to this particular test matrix for automotive materials. In this model development we must deal with a complication not usually found in building numeric databases, namely, technical data requiring extensive metadata for safe use.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aLANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES $xLibrary & Information Science $vGeneral.
=650  \0$aMaterials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10136M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10136M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120575
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD885.5.R33
=082  04$a363.73/8$223
=100  1\$aNagda, NL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1-Radon-A Multifaceted Environmental Problem : An Overview / $cNL. Nagda.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1994.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1994, Issue 15 (June 1994)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10139M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10139M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b34.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDURING THE LAST TWO DECADES, it has been well publicized that exposure to radon causes lung cancer. Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, seeps into and accumulates inside buildings. Elevated indoor radon concentrations have been observed in all parts of the United States . A consensus of opinion on human carcinogenicity of radon has been well established from studies of uranium miners by national and international health organizations such as the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR IV) Committee of the National Academy of Sciences , the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) , and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) . Still, the magnitude of exposure to and risks due to radon are not fully recognized by the general public.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1994. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRadon $xEnvironmental aspects.
=650  \0$aRadon $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aRadon mitigation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10139M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10139M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD885.5.R33
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=100  1\$aKoontz, MD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 7-Concentration Patterns / $cMD. Koontz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1994.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1994, Issue 15 (June 1994)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10145M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10145M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b23.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDURING THE 1970S AND EARLY 1980S, radon measurements collected in U.S. residences resulted mainly from isolated research efforts involving a variety of measurement techniques and relatively small numbers of homes. As described by Nero et al. , most of these data sets were collected either (1) as a basis for estimating the potential effects of reduced air infiltration due to energy conservation measures or (2) to better characterize certain geographic areas thought to have a high likelihood of elevated indoor radon concentrations. After carefully assimilating and analyzing these collective data sets, the authors projected that approximately 7% of U.S. residences had average indoor radon concentrations at or above 148 Bq/m3 (4 pCi/L), the level at which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recommended that citizens take action to reduce their exposures . More recently, a nationwide survey of annual average radon concentrations by the EPA  has indicated that about 6% of U.S. residences would be expected to have average indoor concentrations at or above 148 Bq/m3.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1994. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRadon $xEnvironmental aspects.
=650  \0$aRadon $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aRadon mitigation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10145M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10145M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120575
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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aRose, SL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 10-Current and Future Perspectives / $cSL. Rose.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1994.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1994, Issue 15 (June 1994)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10148M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10148M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PREVIOUS CHAPTERS HAVE FOCUSED on our current understanding of the prevalence of radon in indoor environments, the potential health risks associated with indoor exposure, the available techniques to measure and mitigate indoor radon levels, federal radon legislation, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Radon Action Program. This final chapter builds upon this understanding and the existing uncertainties in the knowledge base to identify future policy perspectives and the research needed to adequately support these policies.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1994. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRadon $xEnvironmental aspects.
=650  \0$aRadon $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aRadon mitigation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10148M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10148M.htm

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=100  1\$aPage, S., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 9-EPA's Strategy to Reduce Risk of Radon / $cS. Page.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1994, Issue 15 (June 1994)
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10147M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSINCE THE DISCOVERY OF EXTREMELY HIGH RADON LEVELS in the Reading Prong region in 1985, there has been extensive progress in the nation's program to reduce the risks of indoor radon. EPA's Radon Program has grown from a handful of researchers in isolated problem areas to an organized partnership of government agencies and private organizations working together on numerous fronts. To accommodate this rapid growth and to keep national radon efforts on track, EPA has continually evaluated and refined its strategy by adapting to new knowledge, increased experience, Congressional direction, and changing needs.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1994. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRadon $xEnvironmental aspects.
=650  \0$aRadon $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aRadon mitigation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xEnvironmental $xPollution Control. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10147M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10147M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 11 : Decontamination of E/R Personnel and Equipment.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 33 (March 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10555M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10555M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of this chapter is to provide general guidelines concerning procedures for decontamination of responders and equipment and for site cleanup.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10555M.
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=245  00$aChapter 8 : Small Fire and Spill Handling Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10552M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10552M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of this chapter is to provide general guidelines for handling spills and/or fires of 5 gal (19 L) or less.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10552M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10552M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 6 : Hydrolysis of Chlorosilanes.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 33 (March 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10550M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10550M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of this procedure is to provide general guidelines concerning methods for hydrolyzing chlorosilane after the initial mitigation procedure.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10550M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10550M.htm

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=082  04$a628.9/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 12 : References.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10556M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10556M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10556M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10556M.htm

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=082  04$a628.9/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 1 : Introduction.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 33 (March 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10545M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10545M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS GUIDE, WHICH HAS BEEN DIVIDED into twelve chapters, has been put together by the Operating Safety Committee of the Silicones Environmental, Health and Safety Council (SEHSC). Techniques described in this guide are industryproven techniques known at the time this guide was written for handling fires and spill of chlorosilanes. Techniques described in this guide have been assembled to be used by trained and knowledgeable emergency response teams.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10545M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10545M.htm

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=050  \4$aT55.3.H3
=082  04$a628.9/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 4 : Foam Applications.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 33 (March 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10548M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10548M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER is to provide general guide lines concerning the foam systems required for both fires and liquid spills and to discuss concerns relating to the use of aqueous foams on chlorosilanes. In addition, this chapter describes the hazards of using only water on chlorosilane fires and spills.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10548M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10548M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT55.3.H3
=082  04$a628.9/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 3 : Emergency Response Decision Trees.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 33 (March 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10547M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10547M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10547M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10547M.htm

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=001  MNL10546M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145382 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120761
=020  \\$a0803120761
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10546M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10546M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT55.3.H3
=082  04$a628.9/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 2 : Initial Emergency Response Guides.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 33 (March 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10546M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10546M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aInitial Emergency Response Guides A. GUIDE SEHSC-001 (Any Chlorosilane Containing a SiH Bond) B. GUIDE SEHSC-002 (Flammable chlorosilanes not containing SiH bonds) C. GUIDE SEHSC-003 (Combustible chlorosilanes not containing SiH bonds) D. GUIDE SEHSC-004 (Silicon Tetrachloride) E. REFERENCE GUIDE FOR SELECTED CHLOROSILANES.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10546M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10546M.htm

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=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145382 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120761
=020  \\$a0803120761
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10551M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10551M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT55.3.H3
=082  04$a628.9/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 7 : Cloud Dispersal Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 33 (March 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10551M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10551M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of this procedure is to provide general guidelines for methods to disperse a cloud of chlorosilane/hydrogen chloride vapor and wash as much of the vapor from the air as possible. This procedure can be used for any downwind cloud or vapor whether visible or not.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10551M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10551M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145382 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120761
=020  \\$a0803120761
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10553M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10553M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT55.3.H3
=082  04$a628.9/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 9 : Fire Impingement/Radiant Heat on Other Vessels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 33 (March 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10553M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10553M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of this chapter is to provide general guidelines that will help in determining the necessity of moving or water spraying an adjacent vessel that is being impinged or radiantly heated by a chlorosilane fire.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10553M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10553M.htm

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=001  MNL10549M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145382 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120761
=020  \\$a0803120761
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10549M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10549M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT55.3.H3
=082  04$a628.9/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 5 : Transfer Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 33 (March 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10549M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10549M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of this procedure is to provide general guidelines for the safe field transfer of chlorosilanes from a damaged or disabled bulk container to another container.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10549M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10549M.htm

=LDR  02779nam  2200589 i 4500
=001  MNL10554M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145382 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120761
=020  \\$a0803120761
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10554M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10554M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT55.3.H3
=082  04$a628.9/2$223
=245  00$aChapter 10 : Personal Protective Equipment Requirements.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 33 (March 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10554M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10554M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of this chapter is to provide general guidelines for the selection of personal protective equipment required in chlorosilane fire or spill situations.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFire Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xAccidents $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aChlorosilanes $xSafety measures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10554M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10554M.htm

=LDR  02634nam  2200577 i 4500
=001  MNL10195M
=003  IN-ChSCO
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10195M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10195M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP374
=082  04$a664/.09$223
=100  1\$aKoleske, JV., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 16-Miscellaneous Materials and Coatings / $cJV. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10195M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10195M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b43.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER IS CONCERNED WITH A VARIETY of products that are not discussed elsewhere in the manual. Some topics are mentioned only briefly to indicate that the area has not been forgotten and that the topic is not within the scope of the manual.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoatings.
=650  \0$aFood $xLabeling.
=650  \0$aFood $xPackaging.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10195M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10195M.htm

=LDR  03120nam  2200601 i 4500
=001  MNL10242M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10242M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10242M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aF312
=082  04$a975.9/18$223
=100  1\$aSliva, T., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 63-Masonry / $cF. Gale, T. Sliva.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10242M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10242M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAS WITH MOST OTHER MATERIALS, masonry substrates are painted for one or both of two basic reasons: to change appearance or to improve performance in the relevant service environment. Imparting or changing color and increasing surface brightness are two important parts of the decorative function. In some cases coatings are applied to improve the appearance of the masonry substrate by masking defects or repair work. Although, in general, masonry materials do not need protection, per se, coatings can reduce attack in highly acidic atmospheres or salt water immersions. In most cases coatings help the masonry to protect the interior of the structure from penetration of moisture.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHistoric buildings.
=650  \0$aHistoric sites.
=650  \0$aIndustrial archaeology.
=650  \0$aMasonry.
=700  1\$aGale, F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10242M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10242M.htm

=LDR  03412nam  2200589 i 4500
=001  MNL10247M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10247M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10247M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936
=082  04$a667/.6$223
=100  1\$aBrezinski, D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 68-Analysis of Paint / $cD. Brezinski.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10247M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10247M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe importance of appropriate sampling for analytical work cannot be overemphasized. Unfortunately, this topic is often not given sufficient thought, and there is often not enough training on the subject. A clear understanding of the nature of the problem or the reason analysis is needed must be established prior to obtaining a sample. It is extremely important to know the compositional makeup of the bulk material from which the sample is being taken. Without this knowledge, improper sampling can very easily occur. The homogeneity or heterogeneity of the sample along with its stability is very important to consider. The composition of a sample may change once it is removed from its natural matrix or environment due to interactions with a container, ultraviolet light, or air, for example. One should also know in advance what level of precision is required of the analysis and what compositional information is required.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aCoatings.
=650  \0$aPaint.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10247M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10247M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10245M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10245M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTE7
=082  04$a625.7/9$223
=100  1\$aHacker, LR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 66-Traffic Marking Materials / $cLR. Hacker.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10245M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10245M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTRAFFIC MARKINGS GO RELATIVELY UNNOTICED by most people but affect almost everyone every day. They are used not only on city streets, highways, and interstates but also at airports, parking lots, and many commercial and industrial sites. A variety of materials are used for these applications. Some have specific uses, but all must adhere to the surface on which they are applied, show resistance to abrasion and weathering, and perform adequately over their expected lifetimes.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRoad markings.
=650  \0$aRoad marking materials.
=650  \0$aReflectorized road markings.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10245M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10245M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120600
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10192M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aR857.P64
=082  04$a610/.28$223
=100  1\$aKoleske, JV., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 13-Polyurethane Coatings / $cJV. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10192M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10192M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b27.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHERMOPLASTIC POLYUTHANES WERE FIRST developed by Otto Bayer [1, 2] in the Leverkusen laboratories of I. G. Farbenindustrie AG in 1937 [3, 4] as they searched for a product that would be competitive with the polyamides, now known as nylons, that had been introduced-by duPont. Shortly thereafter, Schollenberger and coworkers [5] used formula modification to prepare elastomeric polyurethane products from Bayer's products that were like nylon or other engineering plastics in physical characteristics.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPolyurethane.
=650  \0$aBiocompatible Materials.
=650  \0$aPolyurethanes.
=650  \0$aArtificial Organs.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10192M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10192M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10210M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10210M$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC718.4
=082  04$a530.4/4$223
=100  1\$aBrockhaus, RD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 31-Density and Specific Gravity / $cRD. Brockhaus.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10210M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10210M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMATERIALS ARE EXCHANGED FOR AN agreed-upon value based upon a cost per unit material. The unit of material is in terms of what the user wants to do with the material expressed in physically measurable units such as volume or weight. The customer does not want to be shorted, and the provider does not want to give away material. Accurate measurements are expected to keep both parties happy. When a customer wants a gallon of paint, the manufacturer blends the component materials together by weight and fills out by weight. Balances are easy devices to place and use with filling lines. Delivery of constant volumes, on the other hand, is not an easy task, as will be explained later. Measurement of the weight of a known volume of the paint generates a relationship defined as density. With this relationship, the producer can fill by weight and then sell to the customer on a by volume basis. The customer wants volume; the producer wants to work in weights. The relationship-density-enables the transformation to make life easier for both groups.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aEnergy level densities.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xMechanics $vGeneral. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPlasma density.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10210M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10210M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10251M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10251M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQH212.E4
=082  04$a570.28/25$223
=100  1\$aSheehan, JG., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 72-Electron Microscopy / $cJG. Sheehan.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10251M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10251M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b36.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES of electron microscopes, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Today both SEM and TEM are used for microstructural examination in nearly all disciplines of science and engineering. The resolving power of electron microscopes is three orders of magnitude greater then lightoptical microscopes. Modern SEMs with field-emission electron guns resolve better than 1 rim, and modern TEMs resolve better than 0.2 nm [1]. Contrast develops in SEM by electrons emitted at or near the surfaces of bulk specimens and therefore topography and composition are examined. Contrast develops in TEM by electrons transmitted through thin specimens and therefore variations in structure and composition are examined.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElectron microscopy.
=650  \0$aHyperspace.
=650  \0$aSpace and time.
=650  \0$aThree-dimensional imaging.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10251M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10251M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10233M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10233M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP156.C57
=082  04$a667.6$223
=100  1\$aCampbell, DL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 54-Biological Deterioration of Paint Films / $cDL. Campbell.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10233M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10233M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b16.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWater-borne liquid paints can experience viscosity loss, putrefaction, gas formation, color change, and pH drift as a result of the degradation of some or all of the organic constituents [1]. This deterioration can be caused by bacteria or fungi-releasing enzymes in the paint or by enzymes which have been introduced into the paint through contaminated raw materials or equipment. Viscosity loss in water-borne paints can also be caused by the presence of oxidants/reductants in raw materials [2,3].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPaint.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10233M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10233M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10196M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10196M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP247.7
=082  04$aTP247.7$223
=100  1\$aTan, P., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 17-Plasticizers / $cP. Tan, LG. Krauskopf.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10196M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10196M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPAINT AND COATING FORMULATIONS often incorporate high boiling fluids as plasticizers where rigid or brittle resins fail to meet toughness and flexibility requirements. The primary function of the plasticizer is to impart flexibility to the resin, thus minimizing film cracking. Depending on resin and other ingredients used in the system, plasticizer choice may affect compatibility, toughness, flammability, smoke generation, heat and light stability, and other aging or permanence-related performances. Plasticizers are primarily employed in heavy gage coatings and/or when improved toughness is required for industrial, automotive, and appliance applications.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlasticizers $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aPlasticizers.
=700  1\$aKrauskopf, LG., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10196M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10196M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10205M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10205M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936.5
=082  04$a667/.6$223
=100  1\$aRieger, CJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 26-Pearlescent Pigments / $cCJ. Rieger.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10205M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10205M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPEARLESCENT PIGMENTS, SOMETIMES REFERRED TO as nacreous pigments, are attempts to create the natural pearl luster effects seen in pearls or sea shells [1]. These pigments are highrefractive-index coatings on thin transparent flakes. The high-refractive-index material reflects incident light, and the transparent flakes allow some light to be transmitted through the flakes. Many different grades and types of pearlescent pigments are available. These grades range from materials for soft, satin-like effects from small-particle-size pigments to materials with sparkle metallic effects from larger-size pigments. A special type of pearlescent pigment that produces an iridescent color effect is termed an interference pigment. These are very thin films with a high refractive index that exhibit color through an optical effect called light interference. This is similar to the rainbow effect seen in soap bubbles or in oil and gasoline slicks [2].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10205M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10205M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10221M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10221M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936.5
=082  04$a667/.60284$223
=100  1\$aSchaeffer, L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 42-Hiding Power / $cL. Schaeffer.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (26 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10221M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10221M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b40.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWhen light enters a paint film, some or all of it is absorbed or reflected by the film before reaching the substrate, thereby hiding the substrate to a lesser or greater degree. The light that reaches the substrate is partly absorbed by it and partly reflected back in conformance with the substrate's visual pattern. Reflection from the substrate eventually emerges from the film carrying the substrate reflectivity information perceived as visibility or lack thereof and referred to as hiding. Opacity may be qualitatively defined as the property of a paint film that enables it to prevent the passage of light and thereby to hide the substrate on which it has been applied. Note that opacity is a film property, whereas hiding power is a property of the whole paint. Hiding is a more generalterm used frequently to refer to either opacity or hiding power.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10221M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10221M.htm

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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10184M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10184M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP992
=082  04$a668.1$223
=100  1\$aSchnall, MJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 5-Driers and Metallic Soaps / $cMJ. Schnall.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10184M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10184M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMETALLIC SOAPS ARE COMPOUNDS of alkaline metals or heavy metals and monobasic carboxylic acids containing from 7 to 22 carbon atoms. The water-insoluble metallic soaps are of particular interest to the coatings industry, although potassium and lithium soaps have limited water solubility.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetallic soaps.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10184M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10184M.htm

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=001  MNL10188M
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10188M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10188M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS695.9
=082  04$a620.14$223
=100  1\$aEppler, RA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 9-Ceramic Coatings / $cRA. Eppler.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10188M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10188M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b27.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCERAMIC COATINGS ARE AN ALTERNATIVE to organic paints for surface coating applications. When painting with a suitable material will meet all service requirements, it is almost always less expensive to paint. However, organic paints have limitations in several areas where ceramic coatings are a more suitable selection.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aCeramic coating $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aCeramic coating.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10188M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10188M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10249M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10249M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD96.A8
=082  04$a543/.5$223
=100  1\$aWeldon, DG., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 70-Atomic Absorption, Emission, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy / $cDG. Weldon.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10249M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10249M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA PAINT, EVEN ONE AS SEEMINGLY SIMPLE as a red-lead alkyd, is actually a very complex system wherein a variety of components such as polymers that may or may not contain reactive functionality, pigments, plasticizers, additives, and solvents must interact in such a way that the dried film offers expected protection. In addition, quite often the film is expected to provide an aesthetic appeal. Because of this complexity, it not surprising that the complete chemical analysis of a coating can be a complicated and time-consuming task. Indeed, a complete analysis of all the components may require the use of several analytical techniques, many of which are discussed in this manual.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xSpectroscopy & Spectrum Analysis. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aAtomic absorption spectroscopy.
=650  \0$aAtomic emission spectroscopy.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xSpectroscopy & Spectrum Analysis. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10249M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10249M.htm

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=001  MNL10222M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10222M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10222M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aND1510
=082  04$a751.2$223
=100  1\$aAviles, JI., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 43-Mass Color and Tinting Strength of Pigments / $cJI. Aviles.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10222M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10222M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe mass color (MC) of a coating is defined in ASTM Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products (D 16) as: the color, when viewed by diffuse reflected light, of a pigment-vehicle mixture of such thickness as to obscure completely the background. Sometimes called over-tone or mass-tone..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=650  \0$aArtists' materials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10222M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10222M.htm

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=001  MNL10182M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10182M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10182M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS1145
=082  04$a676$223
=100  1\$aCurtis, LG., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3-Cellulose Esters / $cLG. Curtis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10182M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10182M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCELLULOSE ESTERS ARE THE reaction product of combining organic acids and acid anhydrides with the hydroxyl groups found on the anhydroglucose repeating units of a cellulose molecule. The esterification of the cellulose with the acids and anhydrides occurs quite rapidly and if allowed to proceed to completion, forms a triester with each of the anhydroglucose units, which contain three hydroxyl groups. Because the triester is of little practical use, hydrolysis is necessary to restore desired levels of hydroxyl content, which affects various properties of the cellulose ester such as solubility and compatibility with other coating polymers.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCellulose.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10182M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10182M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10185M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10185M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aND1505
=082  04$a751.4/26$223
=100  1\$aFriel, JM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 6-Acrylic Polymers as Coatings Binders / $cJM. Friel.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10185M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10185M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b31.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAACRYLIC POLYMERS, WHICH ARE USED as coatings binders, are comprised chiefly of esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid that are polymerized by additional polymerization, usually using a free radical mechanism.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAcrylic painting $xTechnique.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10185M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10185M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10204M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10204M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP1142
=082  04$a620.192$223
=100  1\$aFerguson, RL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 25-Metallic Pigments / $cRL. Ferguson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10204M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10204M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMETALLICS PIGMENTS, INCLUDING ALUMINUM, zinc, gold, bronze, nickel, and stainless steel, provide the paint and coatings industry with a variety of aesthetic and functional properties. These pigments, either in flake or powder form, contribute to the metallic effects associated with automotive topcoats; general industrial finishes; silver, gold, and copper finishes; metallic ink systems; and many of the high-performance primers for coatings systems. In addition to providing metallic and polychromatic effects, they provide functional, anticorrosive benefits.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPolymers $xAdditives.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMaterial Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aMetal coating.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10204M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10204M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10203M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10203M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936.5
=082  04$a667/.6$223
=100  1\$aRalston, HP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 24-Extender Pigments / $cHP. Ralston.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10203M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10203M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCOATING FORMULATORS FREQUENTLY USE extender pigments to reduce the raw material cost of a coating formulation and, in some cases, improve coating performance. Extender pigments are relatively inexpensive compared to titanium dioxide or color pigments and are easily incorporated into a coating. Most are white or near-white inorganic minerals, beneficiated to varying degrees, with a coarser particle size and lower oil absorption (binder demand) than primary pigments.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10203M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10203M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10214M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10214M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD543
=082  04$a547/.70454$223
=100  1\$aHansen, CM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 35-Solubility Parameters / $cCM. Hansen.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10214M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10214M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b50.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSOLUBILITY PARAMETERS ARE USED in the coatings industry to select solvents. Liquids with similar solubility parameters will be miscible, and polymers will dissolve in solvents whose solubility parameters are not too different from their own. The basic principle is like dissolves like. Solubility parameters help put numbers into this simple qualitative idea.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSolution (Chemistry)
=650  \0$aPolymers $xSolubility.
=650  \0$aThin films.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10214M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10214M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQE571
=082  04$a551.3$223
=100  1\$aSherbondy, VD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 53-Accelerated Weathering / $cVD. Sherbondy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10232M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10232M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPAINTS AND COATINGS ARE USED both to protect substrates and to provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance. In an outdoor environment, both of these functions can be affected by weathering. The four major factors involved in weathering are sunlight, moisture, oxygen, and heat. Light, especially in the ultraviolet (UV) region, may lead to discoloration, premature loss of gloss, scaling, embrittlement, and chalking. Moisture may cause blistering, flaking, mildew, and early loss of adhesion. Heat may cause embrittlement, cracking, peeling, and checking. Oxygen in the atmosphere promotes oxidation of the surface of the coating, which may eventually lead to oxidation of internal layers, causing embrittlement, softening, cracking, or crazing. These elements contribute individually as well as in combination to cause coating failures.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xEarth Sciences $xSedimentology & Stratigraphy. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSedimentation and deposition.
=650  \0$aWeathering.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xEarth Sciences $xSedimentology & Stratigraphy. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10232M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10232M.htm

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=001  MNL10189M
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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10189M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10189M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP1180.E6
=082  04$a668/.374$223
=100  1\$aWatkins, MJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 10-Epoxy Resins in Coatings / $cRS. Bauer, EJ. Marx, MJ. Watkins.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10189M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10189M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEPOXY RESINS HAVE BECOME technologically important materials that find extensive application in high-performance coatings, adhesives, and reinforced plastics. Almost since their commercial introduction in 1950, epoxy resin systems have been used in protective coatings. Historically, protective coatings were the largest single end use for epoxy resins. Although in recent years the noncoating applications of epoxy resin have been growing, coatings still represent about half of the annual epoxy resin usage.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aEpoxy resins.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=700  1\$aBauer, RS., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aMarx, EJ., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10189M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10189M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10198M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10198M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936
=082  04$a667.29$223
=100  1\$aBraun, JH., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 19-White Pigments / $cJH. Braun.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10198M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10198M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aALMOST EVERYTHING MAN-MADE that is white or light in color contains white pigment in its surface: houses inside and outside, industrial articles, plastics, glazes, rubber, printed surfaces, many paper products, and even some foods. Only papers and textiles can be white without pigment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10198M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10198M.htm

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=001  MNL10216M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10216M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10216M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aPN1995.9.F54
=082  04$a791.43/655$223
=100  1\$aAthey, RD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 37-Film Preparation for Coating Tests / $cRD. Athey.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10216M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10216M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PERFORMANCE OF A COATING FILM in a test is likely to be dependent on the physical form of the film. For instance, film thickness is an important factor in physical and appearance measurements (until the coating gets too thick), so there must be some control of the film thickness. Appearance is also related to how smooth the film surface is, and care to make the film appropriately will ensure that the appearance measurements are germane to the end-use. The substrate used as the carrier for the test film, even temporarily, may affect the property measurements, as well.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFilm noir.
=650  \7$aPERFORMING ARTS $xFilm & Video $x Reference. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aFilm noir $zzUnited States $xHistory and criticism.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10216M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10216M.htm

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=001  MNL10241M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10241M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10241M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP812
=082  04$a666/.427$223
=100  1\$aPrice, MB., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 62-Can Coatings / $cMB. Price.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10241M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10241M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE CONTAINER INDUSTRY IS A MAJOR USER of paints and coat ings. The reported number of cans used in the United States per year is about 130 billion. The majority of these are coated individually, most with different coatings on each side. These coatings provide corrosion resistance, compliance with strict food safety and taste requirements, and present attractive long lasting identification characteristics to each container. The processes required for the efficient and economically acceptable manufacture of two- and three-piece cans and can ends involve complex engineering. Unique coatings characteristics are required to conform with these complex mechanical systems. A majority of the tests currently in use to ensure that all the requirements are met are discussed. A brief description of the processes for can production is included.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGlazes.
=650  \0$aGlazuur (techniek)
=650  \0$aGlas.
=650  \0$aCoating.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10241M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10241M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10190M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10190M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP248.3
=082  04$a615.31$223
=100  1\$aFry, JS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 11-Phenolics / $cJS. Fry.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10190M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10190M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDEFINITION: a polymeric, resinous reaction product of a phenol with an aldehyde. Said products may be used alone or in formulations with other polymers to produce useful coatings.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiochemical engineering.
=650  \0$aBioactive phenolics.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10190M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10190M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10246M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10246M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK9203.L45
=082  04$a621.48/3$223
=100  1\$aSliva, TJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 67-Water-Repellent Coatings / $cV. Scarborough, TJ. Sliva.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10246M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10246M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWATER REPELLENTS ARE TRANSPARENT COATINGS formulated for the purpose of protecting porous substrates by preventing the penetration of liquid water. Unlike waterproofing materials and sealers, water repellents allow the passage of water vapor and generally are not designed to prevent the intrusion of liquid water under hydrostatic pressure.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLight water reactors.
=650  \0$aNuclear Energy.
=650  \0$aNuclear Engineering.
=650  \0$aTribology, Corrosion and Coatings.
=700  1\$aScarborough, V., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10246M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10246M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10252M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10252M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQP519.9.I48
=082  04$a535.8/42$223
=100  1\$aHartshorn, JH., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 73-Infrared Spectroscopy / $cJH. Hartshorn.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10252M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10252M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aINFRARED (IR) SPECTROSCOPY IS AMONG THE OLDEST and most valuable of the instrumental techniques available to the coatings laboratory. It permits investigation of materials in nearly any physical form; liquid, solvent solution, cast film, ground powder, and even dried paint are amenable to this technique. While transmission of the IR beam through a thin film is the preferred mode of analysis, a wide range of accessories permit examination of nearly any kind of sample. IR provides qualitative data not easily generated by other analytical techniques. This is especially useful for probing industrial problems, where one spectrum can frequently produce all information necessary for the solution. Coupling IR instruments to computers has vastly increased their effectiveness. Spectral subtraction can often reveal hidden components and produce separations that are not practical chemically. The identification of unknown materials is now readily performed by spectral searching using digital pattern matching. The evaluation of curing, weathering, and durability chemistry can be conducted on new formulations. IR spectroscopy is currently being used to do quality assurance. Over the past four decades IR instrumentation has grown until it is now an essential part of any coatings laboratory.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aInfrared spectroscopy.
=650  \0$aRaman spectroscopy.
=650  \0$aSpectrophotometry, Infrared $xtrends.
=650  \0$aSpectrum Analysis, Raman.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10252M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10252M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936.5
=082  04$a667/.60284$223
=100  1\$aSliva, TJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 39-Drying Time / $cTJ. Sliva.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10218M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10218M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PROCESS OF DRYING INVOLVES several physical and/or chemical changes, such as solvent evaporation, oxidation, and polymerization, all of which are time dependent. The various stages of drying that occur in organic films may be subjective, difficult to measure reproducibly, and are influenced by many factors such as film thickness, substrate, temperature, humidity, light, and air circulation. Therefore, it is essential that most of these variables must be minimized in order to make drying time determinations more quantitative.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHardwoods $xDrying.
=650  \0$aKilns.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10218M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10218M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC495
=082  04$a535.6$223
=100  1\$aHammond, HK., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 40-Color and Light / $cFW. Billmeyer, HK. Hammond.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10219M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10219M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b55.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBECAUSE COLOR IS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR in the appearance of an object, it is an important characteristic of any paint. Appearance, of which color is a part, is one quality of a product that every customer can judge for himself. No matter how good the physical properties of a paint, if its color does not meet the expectation of the customer, the finished product will be rated as unsatisfactory.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aColor.
=650  \0$aOptical instruments.
=700  1\$aBillmeyer, FW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10219M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10219M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA418.9.C6
=082  04$a668.4/22$223
=100  1\$aNeag, CM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 75-Coatings Characterization by Thermal Analysis / $cCM. Neag.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10254M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10254M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b55.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHERMAL ANALYSIS (TA) ENCOMPASS A VARIETY of techniques used to measure changes in material properties with changes in temperature. These techniques apply broadly in materials science and find use in characterizing liquids, polymers, and inorganic materials. The many results obtained using TA fit neatly into Van Krevlan's [1] classification of material properties. He divides material properties into three distinct but interrelated categories: (1) intrinsic properties, (2) processing properties, and (3) product or article properties. Intrinsic properties such as the glass transition temperature (Tg) or elastic modulus arise from the chemical and physical structure of a material, can be measured with precision, and may form the basis for predictive empiricalrelationships. A material's process properties depend on the interplay of intrinsic properties and process conditions (e.g., synthesis temperature or mixing time). In essence, they reflect a material's intrinsic properties in a dynamic environment. In practice, the interaction of a material's intrinsic properties and process properties yield a unique product embodying still different properties. Unfortunately, the relationship between intrinsic properties and process properties is poorly understood, difficult to measure, and more difficult to predict. Because product properties depend on this ill-defined relationship, their meaning becomes quite subjective. Simply put, a paint made and applied one day may behave quite differently than a paint made and applied another day, and the reasonsfor the observed differences often remain obscure.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermosetting composites $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aThermosetting composites.
=650  \0$aThermal analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10254M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10254M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA406.5
=082  04$a543.085$223
=100  1\$aSnider, AM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 77-X-Ray Analysis / $cAM. Snider.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10256M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10256M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b39.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aX-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectrome try (XRFS) are powerful, well-established tools used by analytical chemists in many areas of technology. They have great utility in the coatings industry. In areas where they are applicable, they are frequently the quickest and easiest technique available. XRD is convenient for the identification of diverse crystalline solids encountered in paint research laboratories and production plants. It is particularly well suited for use in the identification and quantitative analysis of crystalline pigments and extenders, either when they are alone or present in paste or paint. XRFS is useful as a stand-alone technique for elemental analysis and as a complementary tool for use with other analytical techniques. X-ray spectrometers typically can analyze all elements with an atomic number of about 11 (sodium) and higher, but some units can reach as low as atomic number 5 (boron). XRFS can span the concentration range from parts per million to high percentages for most elements in liquid or solid samples. Dedicated XRFS units, much lower in cost than scanning spectrometers, can be set up to detect and quantify one or a few specific elements. Portable XRFS units are available for field investigations. The present section summarizes the principles and methodology of XRD and XRFS.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aX RAY ANALYSIS. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aX-rays $xIndustrial applications $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aX-ray spectroscopy $xCongresses.
=650  \7$aX RAY ANALYSIS. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10256M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10256M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10236M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10236M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD227.5
=082  04$a363.61098$223
=100  1\$aEllis, W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 57-Water-Resistance Testing of Coatings / $cW. Ellis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10236M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10236M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOTHER CHAPTERS IN THIS MANUAL cover the influence of water on the formulation and durability of organic coatings. Recent ASTM publications about the moisture effects in building materials are listed in the Bibliography at the end of this chapter. These publications describe moisture problems and solutions involving coatings and their uses. Although this chapter is intended to describe only the principal testing and evaluation of water resistance, some general remarks may be helpful in understanding the test conditions.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aWater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aWater quality $zLatin America.
=650  \0$aToxicity testing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10236M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10236M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10194M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP986.V48
=082  04$a668.423$223
=100  1\$aBurns, RJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 15-Vinyl Resins for Coatings / $cRJ. Burns.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10194M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10194M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE VINYL RESINS USED IN solvent-based coatings, inks, and adhesives are low-to-medium molecular weight co- and tercopolymers of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, or other monomers to improve solubility. Functional monomers contribute specific properties; thus, carboxylic acid-containing monomers provide adhesion, while hydroxyl-containing monomers contribute to reactivity, compatibility with other resins and polymers, or adhesion to specific surfaces. These modified vinyl resins are most often used as thermoplastic, solvent-soluble lacquers, though by formulating with appropriate modifiers, air-dry or baking finishes can be produced having thermoset-like properties.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVinylresins.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10194M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10194M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10248M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=100  1\$aMills, GD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 69-The Analysis of Coatings Failures / $cGD. Mills.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10248M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10248M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE TESTING OF COATINGS always has a relationship to coating failures, either directly or indirectly. Testing before failure helps to ascertain serviceability, establish the best formulation variables, maintain quality assurance of coating products during manufacture, develop storage and application parameters, ensure specification viability, and, in essence, prevent early failure. Testing after failure assists in determining cause, hopefully prevents future coating failures of a similar nature, and aids in placing liability.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aCoatings $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aCoatings.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10248M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10248M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10199M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10199M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP1142
=082  04$a620.192$223
=100  1\$aSpinelli, FR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 20-Black Pigments / $cFR. Spinelli.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10199M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10199M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBLACK PIGMENTS FALL INTO three classes [1] (Table 1). The first two classes derive their color characteristics from the element carbon, the third class from ferrous oxide, Fe3O4. Class 1 blacks are carbon blacks, which are composed of 90% or more of elemental carbon. Class 2 blacks may be referred to as carbonaceous pigments, which range from 8 to 88% elemental carbon.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetal coating.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMaterial Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=650  \0$aPolymers $xAdditives.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10199M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10199M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL790
=082  04$a629.4$223
=100  1\$aSpadafora, SJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 58-Aerospace and Aircraft Coatings / $cCR. Hegedus, SJ. Spadafora, DF. Pulley, AT. Eng, DJ. Hirst.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10237M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10237M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aORGANIC COATINGS ARE PRIMARILY applied to aircraft for environmental protection and appearance. Reference 1 concludes, The rate controlling parameter for the corrosion of aircraft alloys, excluding the mechanical damage factor, is the degradation time of the protective coating system. This clearly indicates the importance of the coating system's durability and its ability to control corrosion and erosion. Relative to appearance, commercial aircraft benefit from the aesthetic characteristics of the coating system, while military aircraft rely on camouflage properties to minimize enemy detection and tracking during mission operations.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAeronautics & Astronautics. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aAstronautics $xTechnological innovations $zUnited States.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAeronautics & Astronautics. $2bisasch.
=650  \0$aAstronautics $xTechnological innovations.
=700  1\$aEng, AT., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHegedus, CR., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHirst, DJ., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aPulley, DF., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10237M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10237M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS1540
=082  04$a677.02832$223
=100  1\$aHill, LW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 46-Dynamic Mechanical and Tensile Properties / $cLW. Hill.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10225M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10225M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b39.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDYNAMIC MECHANICAL AND TENSILE PROPERTIES are determined in all branches of materials science. There is a large body of published structure/property information that can be integrated with coatings research and development. By using structure/property information, coatings chemists can design and optimize chemical structures of the binder components of coatings. Purposeful and enlightened formulation with well-designed components makes it possible to obtain desirable coatings performance in many cases.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aTextile fibers $xMechanical properties.
=650  \0$aTextile fibers, Synthetic $xMechanical properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10225M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10225M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP1180.P6
=082  04$a668.4225$223
=100  1\$aPellowe, D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 7-Alkyd and Polyesters / $cA. Heitkamp, D. Pellowe.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10186M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10186M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b23.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aALKYD RESINS, COMMONLY KNOW AS ALKYDS,, are synthetic polymeric materials that have been used in the coating industry since the 1930s. Today they continue to be the "workhorse" polymers for the paint, coating, and printing ink industries. Alkyd and chemically modified alkyd polymers find use in most types of liquid organic coatings for architectural, air-dry, and baked industrial and maintenance coatings. Alkyds are a special class of polyesters that often have vegetable oil or fatty acids coreacted into the polyester, and these compounds provide the distinctive air-cure feature of many of these compounds.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPolyesters.
=650  \0$aBiodegradable plastics.
=700  1\$aHeitkamp, A., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10186M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10186M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRA418.3.U6
=082  04$a362.1/0973$223
=100  1\$aMiranda, TJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 36-Cure : The Process and Its Measurement / $cTJ. Miranda.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10215M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10215M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOne of the most critical, and often misunderstood properties of a coating is cure and its measurement. The optimum physical and chemical properties of a coating depend largely on proper curing conditions. For example, a thermosetting acrylic polymer when applied to a panel and dried without curing will be brittle and have poor solvent resistance and low hardness. When properly cured, the film properties will change dramatically and the properties which were designed into the coating become apparent. Similarly, an oil-based paint will be soft and tacky and slowly become hard and scratch resistant as its cure develops. To appreciate the scope of the material in this chapter, it may be well to review a few film-forming mechanisms, polymer fundamentals, and some background into thedevelopment of tests and what they mean.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHealth status indicators $zUnited States $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aSocial indicators $zUnited States $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aEconomic indicators $zUnited States $xMeasurement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10215M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10215M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aNA2750
=082  04$a720$223
=100  1\$aAshton, HE., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 59-Architectural Coatings / $cHE. Ashton.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10238M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10238M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER IS CONCERNED with the selection and use of procedures for testing organic finishes intended for use on interior surfaces, exterior surfaces, or both interior and exterior surfaces. Coatings comprise more than paints since the latter are only one kind of coating as defined in ASTM Terminology Relating to Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products (D 16): coating-a liquid, liquefiable or mastic composition that is converted to a solid protective, decorative, or functional adherent film after application as a thin layer. paint, n, specific-a classification sometimes employed to distinguish pigmented drying oil coatings (paints) from synthetic enamels and lacquers..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aARCHITECTURE $xReference. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aARCHITECTURE $xProfessional Practice. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aArchitectural design.
=650  \0$aArchitectural design $xStudy and teaching.
=650  \7$aARCHITECTURE $xReference. $2bisasch.
=650  \7$aARCHITECTURE $xProfessional Practice. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10238M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10238M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aND1510
=082  04$a751.2$223
=100  1\$aKoleske, JV., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 28-Oil Absorption of Pigments / $cJV. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10207M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10207M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b38.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMIXING A PIGMENT WITH LINSEED OIL and making a paste is a preliminary test applied to pigments that has been in use in a systematic manner for almost a century and perhaps even longer in a less defined manner. Results from the test are usually qualitative in character and give an approximation of color and texture. If the test is conducted in a quantitative manner, the amount of oil needed to make a stiff paste is obtained. It has been felt that the oil absorption test is a measure of an oil-based paint's resistance toflow or consistency. For example, Mills [2] indicated that if equal volumes of oil absorption paste are mixed or thinned with equal volumes of thinners, the paints prepared have equal resistance toflow, viscosity, or consistency. Also, Stieg [3] found that if the oil absorption value is determined by the ASTM rub-out method (described below) and expressed on a volume basis, it is proportional to the critical pigment volume concentration. This test is also related to the pigment packing factor (PPF) and critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=650  \0$aArtists' materials.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10207M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10207M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP934
=082  04$a667/.6$223
=100  1\$aEllis, W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 78-Paint and Coatings Specifications and Other Standards / $cW. Ellis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10257M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10257M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMANY ORGANIZATIONS THAT PURCHASE paint products in large volume for maintenance and construction projects require conformance to their respective specifications. Such organizations may be federal, state, and local government departments and agencies, large industries, public utilities, railroads, and universities.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint $vPeriodicals.
=650  \0$aCoatings $vPeriodicals.
=650  \0$aCoatings.
=650  \0$aPaint.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10257M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10257M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD139.P6
=082  04$a530.413$223
=100  1\$aSchmitt, TM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 74-Methods for Polymer Molecular Weight Measurement / $cTM. Schmitt.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10253M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10253M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE BINDERS USED IN COMMERCIAL COATINGS are organic polymers, the molecular weights of which greatly influence the properties of the final coating [1]. As a necessary result of the manufacturing processes, synthetic polymers are mixtures of compounds of similar molecular structure but varying molecular weight. For an exact understanding of the system, one must know the molecular weight and weight (or mole) fraction of each species, in other words, the molecular weight distribution. For many practical purposes, an average value of molecular weight suffices. The final cured paint film is generally a cross-linked system resembling a single massive molecule, where the concept of molecular weight has little meaning. Molecular weight determination is thus applied only to coating formulation ingredients.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xPhysics $xPolymer. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPolymers $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aPolymers $xResearch $xMethodology.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xPhysics $xPolymer. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10253M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10253M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936.5
=082  04$a667/.6$223
=100  1\$aAustin, MJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 27-Inorganic Anti-Corrosive Pigments / $cMJ. Austin.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10206M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10206M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b74.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCORROSION IS AN ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS that takes place on the surface of metals, deteriorating them and-if not halted-destroying them. The process usually occurs in a liquid or gaseous environment and may take the form of a direct chemical attack, electrochemical reaction, electrolysis, or oxidation. During deterioration, the metal may form compounds or be taken into solution. The following factors must be present for corrosion to take place:  A thermodynamically unstable metal.  An electrolytic conductor of ions.  An electrolyte (an electrical conductor such as a moist path).  An electron acceptor.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10206M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10206M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP938
=082  04$a667.7$223
=100  1\$aKoleske, JV., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 4-Drying Oils / $cJV. Koleske.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10183M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10183M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDRYING OILS REPRESENT A SMALL PORTION of the huge fats and oils industry.2 In 1987 there were 81 000 metric tons (-178 million pounds) of drying oils consumed in the United States [1]. With an expected annual average growth rate of 2.6%, there should have been 92 000 metric tons consumed in 1992. Such consumption represents about 3% of the total nonfood fats and oils market and about 1 % of the combined food and nonfood fats and oils national market. The industry is very mature with relatively little growth expected. Within this industry, whose growth is about the same as the population growth of the United States, drying oil consumption, though relatively very small, has the highest expected growth rate over the above five-year period. The paint and coating industry's need for drying oils is in an overall decline along with other end use markets, such as binders for hardboard, sealants, plasticizers, linoleum, and core oils. Drying oils used in paints and coatings are being replaced with oil-free, synthetic, petroleum-derived oligomeric and polymeric binders carried in a variety of media or in a neat manner. The printing ink market is the only one expected to have small growth in the area of drying oils.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVarnish and varnishing.
=650  \0$aDrying oils.
=650  \0$aThinner (Paint mixing)
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10183M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10183M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10197M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP247.5
=082  04$a615.902$223
=100  1\$aYuhas, SA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 18-Solvents / $cSA. Yuhas.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (32 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10197M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10197M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b37.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSOLVENTS ARE SUBSTANCES, usually liquids, which are capable of dissolving other substances to bring them into liquid form. In paints and coatings, solvents dissolve the solid or semisolid film-forming resins and reduce viscosity so that the paint can be applied as a uniform, thin film to a surface. Although solvents are transient components of a paint, they significantly affect not only the application characteristics of a paint, but also the appearance, physical properties, and durability of the coating.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSolvents $xdverse effects.
=650  \7$aMEDICAL $xToxicology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSolvents $xtoxicity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10197M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10197M.htm

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=001  MNL10223M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10223M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10223M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQP552.C42
=082  04$a571.6$223
=100  1\$aNelson, GL., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 44-Adhesion / $cGL. Nelson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10223M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10223M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b67.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aORGANIC COATINGS ARE APPLIED to a variety of substrate mate rials (woods, metals, plastics, ceramics) for decorative, protective, and functional applications. In each case, it is imperative that the coating adheres well to the substrate. Accordingly, adhesion assessments should be an integral part of coating development. This may seem a straightforward task, but coating adhesion is, in fact, extremely complex and often poorly understood. The growing use of plastics to replace metals and other traditional materials renders the issue even more complex.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCell adhesion molecules $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xLife Sciences $xCell Biology. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aCell adhesion molecules.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10223M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10223M.htm

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=001  MNL10255M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10255M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10255M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD96.U4
=082  04$a535.844$223
=100  1\$aMills, GD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 76-Ultraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy / $cGD. Mills.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10255M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10255M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE USE OF ELECTROMAGNECTIC RADIATION (EMR) for the analy sis of paints and coatings is best addressed by looking at the way this energy source is absorbed by the system under investigation. Most EMR analytical techniques attempt to measure the energy difference between the incident beam and the emerging beam and to relate this energy difference at a particular wavelength (energy) to the absorbing species' concentration or chemical makeup. The emerging beam may pass through the system or be reflected from a surface. There are many sophisticated instruments that use EMR, and they operate from the lowest energy bands in microwaves to the highest energy ?-rays. The region of the spectrum most commonly used in the paint laboratory lies between the infrared and ultraviolet bands. The instrumentation operative in this region can be relatively low in price, and the information that can be obtained about concentration and molecular structure is very useful.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xPhysics $xOptics & Light. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aUltraviolet spectroscopy.
=650  \0$aFree electron lasers.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xPhysics $xOptics & Light. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10255M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10255M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10220M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10220M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936.5
=082  04$a667/.60284$223
=100  1\$aKigle-Boeckler, G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 41-Gloss / $cHK. Hammond, G. Kigle-Boeckler.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10220M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10220M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b26.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE APPEARANCE OF AN OBJECT or material can be described by its color and gloss characteristics. Like color, gloss can be subdivided into several aspects depending on viewing conditions. In 1937, Richard Hunter identified five aspects of gloss [1] and the functions of reflectance by which they could be evaluated. Latest studies by K. Lex [2] expanded Hunter's gloss terms and divided them into two groups. One group is based on visual observation with the eye focused on the surface of the material (Fig. 1). For the other group, the eye is focused on the image of the object reflected by the material (Fig. 2). However, experience has shown that no single objective measurement of gloss will provide perfect correlation with the integrated subjective appraisal of glossiness that the eye so quickly renders. For this reason, the gloss evaluation requirement of an object or material should first be examined and the most useful gloss measurement aspects then selected.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aHammond, HK., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10220M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10220M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10193M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10193M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD383.S54
=082  04$a547/.08$223
=100  1\$aPetraitis, DJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 14-Silicone Coatings / $cDJ. Petraitis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10193M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10193M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSilicone based coatings are among the most useful materials for a wide variety of applications. Because the basic bond energies of Si-C and Si-O bonds are so high, the chemical processes usually associated with aging of coated surfaces are often much slower and in many situations virtually eliminated for silicone coatings. Also, because the Si-O and Si-C bonds are not present in the natural organic world, biocompatibility and resistance to degradation via biochemical and biophysical processes are also significantly reduced. In a similar manner, some silicone resinous coatings and fluorosilicone based coatings, in particular, have excellent solvent resistance.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xOrganic. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSilicones $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aSilicones.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xOrganic. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10193M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10193M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10235M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10235M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ267.5.B5
=082  04$a621.2/4$223
=100  1\$aEllis, W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 56-Testing Coatings for Heat Resistance and Flame Retardance / $cW. Ellis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10235M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10235M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWHEN ORGANIC COATINGS are exposed to elevated tempera tures, the initial effect is usually softening, followed by hardening, embrittlement, and degradation. The rate of response and the extent of degradation depend on coating composition, temperature, and length of exposure. There is a distinction in the terminology used to define the resistance of coatings to such changes. Below 400F (200C), the property is called thermal resistance, while above that temperature the property is identified as heat resistance. Both thermal and heat resistance relate not to occasional heating, but to resistance to change from exposure to a constant heat influence over months or years. Special organic coatings can be formulated to provide thermal resistance, such as those designed to protect steel surfaces exposed to elevated temperature during service life. The upper temperature limit for most organic coatings is in the range of 400F (200C). In general, inorganic coatings exhibit better heat resistance than organic coatings. A special group of products are thermal protection coatings, including ablative coatings to protect space vehicles during atmospheric re-entry and intumescent coatings that protect wood or other cellulosic surfaces exposed to fire.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aUltrasonic testing.
=650  \0$aHeat resistant alloys $xNondestructive testing.
=650  \0$aEngineering.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10235M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10235M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936
=082  04$a667/.29$223
=100  1\$aLewis, PA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 22-Inorganic Colored Pigments / $cPA. Lewis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10201M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10201M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBROADLY SPEAKING, the colored inorganic pigments are either lead chromates, metal oxides, sulfides, or sulfoselenides with a few miscellaneous pigments such as cobalt blue, ultramarine blue, iron blue, and bismuth vanadate yellow. This section describes the chemistry, manufacture, and properties of each of these classes of inorganic pigments. Inorganic whites such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, lithopone, and zinc sulfide, while pigmentary in nature and most definitely a part of the coatings industry, fall outside of the scope of this chapter.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetallic oxides.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10201M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10201M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936
=082  04$a667/.6$223
=100  1\$aBrezinski, JJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1-Regulation of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Paints and Coatings / $cJJ. Brezinski.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10180M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10180M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPRIOR TO THE 1960s the coatings industry enjoyed a somewhat predictable regulatory and economic environment. The paint formulator developing a solvent-based coating selected solvents on the basis of evaporation rate, solubility parameter, density, flammability, and, of course, cost. There was no apparent need to consider the relative photochemical reactivity of these materials, nor was there any appreciable incentive to reduce the solvent content of commercially acceptable coatings.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoatings.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $x Chemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPaint.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10180M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10180M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10240M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL240.5.C65 .A38 2013
=082  04$a629.232$223
=100  1\$aRyntz, RA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 61-Automotive Product Tests / $cRA. Ryntz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10240M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10240M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEACH OF THE MAJOR AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIES requires a specific protocol of testing to be performed on appropriate substrates in order to grant approval of a particular paint or coating. The specification testing is rigorous and often takes up to two years to complete. This section attempts to provide the reader with a general guideline of the required test methods utilized by the big three automotive companies (GM, Ford, and Chrysler) and where applicable relates to testing required by a Japanese counterpart, Toyota, in gaining materials and processes approval.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAutomotive. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aAutomobile industry.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xCrashworthiness.
=650  \0$aComposite materials in automobiles.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAutomotive. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10240M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10240M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10224M$2doi
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQR177
=082  04$a616/.01$223
=100  1\$aMorse, MP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 45-Abrasion Resistance / $cMP. Morse.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10224M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10224M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PROBLEM OF RESISTANCE TO ABRASION exists all around us: on floors, walls, furniture, automobiles, farm implements, construction equipment, military gear, appliances, shoe soles, and so on. Because resistance to abrasion is a basic factor in the durability of a coating, its measurement is of practical importance to both producer and consumer.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAntibiotics $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aDrug resistance in microorganisms.
=650  \0$aAntibiotics.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10224M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10224M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10191M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10191M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP1180.P6
=082  04$a668.42$223
=100  1\$aKight, RW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 12-Polyamides / $cRW. Kight.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10191M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10191M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPOLYAMIDES ARE POLYCONDENSATION products of dimerized fatty acids and polyamines. Reactive polyamides are oligomers designed primarily for use in the manufacture of twocomponent polyamide/epoxy coatings and adhesives. The two-component coatings are generally labeled Part A and Part B, with the polyamide usually (though not always) contained in Part B. The polyamide may function as the curing agent, coreactant, or hardener for epoxy resin. Polyamides should not be considered as catalysts although they may initiate the reaction; the polyamide reacts with the epoxy resin and becomes part of the polymer. The majority of polyamides used in coatings are viscous liquids that are usually supplied by the coatings manufacturer as a solution in organic solvents. The solution may be a clear amber liquid or may contain pigments in colored systems.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPolyesters.
=650  \0$aPolyamides.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10191M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10191M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP910
=082  04$a667.2$223
=100  1\$aLewis, PA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 21-Colored Organic Pigments / $cPA. Lewis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10200M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10200M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBefore entering into any discussion relating to pigments, it is first necessary to clearly define what is meant by a pigment as opposed to a dyestuff. In many earlier texts on color, the terms pigment and dyestuff are used almost interchangeably.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPigments.
=650  \0$aDyes and dyeing $xChemistry.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10200M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10200M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10228M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10228M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5386
=082  04$a650.1$223
=100  1\$aPerera, DY., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 49-Stress Phenomena in Organic Coatings / $cDY. Perera.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10228M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10228M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b67.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aINTEREST IN THE STRESS PHENOMENA in organic coatings is relatively new. The importance of understanding and measuring this stress became evident as facts accumulated about its role in coating degradation [1-10]. This is also supported by the fact that many coatings used today (e.g., thermosets) are more susceptible to developing high stresses than traditional ones (e.g., alkyd paints). It is now quite clear that stress can affect coating adhesion and/or cohesion and provoke delamination and/or cracking.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aBUSINESS & ECONOMICS $xPersonal Success. $2bisacsh.
=650  \7$aBUSINESS & ECONOMICS $xCareers $vGeneral. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aStress management.
=650  \7$aBUSINESS & ECONOMICS $xPersonal Success. $2bisasch.
=650  \7$aBUSINESS & ECONOMICS $xCareers $vGeneral. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10228M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10228M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTJ930
=082  04$a621.8/672$223
=100  1\$aSiegmund, A., $eauthor.
=245  10$achapter 64-Pipeline Coatings / $cLB. Odell, A. Siegmund.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10243M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10243M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAMERICA IS THE MOST INDUSTRIALIZED NATION on earth. To run this nation, huge quantities of energy are required. Sources of energy vary, ranging from nuclear power to the burning of coal. The most common source of energy used today is based on fossil fuels, which include oil and natural gas. In many instances, great distances are covered between the source of the fuel and its consumption. The predominant method of fuel transportation is through carbon-steel pipelines.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPipelines $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \0$aPiping $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \0$aService life (Engineering)
=650  \0$aPipeline.
=700  1\$aOdell, LB., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10243M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10243M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10234M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10234M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA455.P5
=082  04$a668.423$223
=100  1\$aBrandau, AH., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 55-Chemical Resistance / $cAH. Brandau.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10234M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10234M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE ABILITY OF A COATING TO RESIST chemical deterioration or staining is an essential element in its evaluation. What follows is a review of established test procedures with various levels of complexity and equipment sophistication that provide a standardized tool for evaluating potential flaws such as discoloration, softening, swelling, adhesion loss, gloss reduction, etc. These tests provide a common ground for crucial communication of performance properties between the manufacturer and end user of a coating. Since these tests are to be representative of actual exposure conditions, it is vital that the tests approximate, as closely as possible, genuine conditions in the field [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElastomers $xChemical resistance.
=650  \0$aThermoplastics $xChemical resistance $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aPolymers $xDeterioration.
=650  \0$aThermoplastics $xChemical resistance.
=650  \0$aCivil engineering.
=650  \0$aEngineering.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10234M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10234M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP936.5
=082  04$a667/.60284$223
=100  1\$aMorse, MP., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 47-Flexibility and Toughness / $cMP. Morse.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10226M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10226M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTO PERFORM PROPERLY IN USE, a coating must possess the proper amount of flexibility and toughness to withstand cracking when subjected to stresses produced by shrinking or swelling, forming, mechanical abuse, and weathering. Flexibility is the ability of a material to be bent or flexed without cracking or undergoing other failure. Toughness is the strength and resilience of a material; it is the material's ability to withstand great strain imposed in a short time period without tearing, breaking, or rupture.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPaint materials $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10226M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10226M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP156.C57
=082  04$a667.6$223
=100  1\$aGavett, B., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 60-Artists' Paints / $cB. Gavett.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10239M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10239M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAS COATINGS, ARTISTS' PAINTS ARE DECORATIVE IN NATURE and are usually intended to endure for decades or centuries under conditions of indoor storage and display. Relative to other coatings, they are highly loaded, most often with a single pigment. Thickness of application ranges from transparent washes to thick, textural builds. Typical tools used include the airbrush, paintbrush, and palette knife, but paints are also often applied by other means, such as rags, sponges, or with the hands. They are often modified at the time of application to change sheen, texture, color, flow, or other characteristics. The substrate used is usually paper or a cotton or linen duck stretched over an open frame, but may be almost anything else, including solid or compressed wood panels, paperboard, metal, synthetic fabric, glass, figurines, clothing, or walls.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPaint.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10239M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10239M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10202M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10202M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP785
=082  04$a666/.05$223
=100  1\$aEppler, RA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 23-Ceramic Pigments / $cRA. Eppler.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10202M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10202M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCERAMIC PIGMENTS ARE COMPLEX MIXTURES of oxygen-contain ing materials that have been calcined at high temperatures toform specific crystalline phases. In most cases, oxide raw materials are carefully mixed and then calcined in either batch kilns or continuous calciners. After calcination, they are ground to the necessary fineness in mills. Micronizers and/or jet mills are used to break agglomerates. The final production step involves careful control of the color tone by adjustment with toners.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCeramics.
=650  \0$aCeramics $xPeriodicals.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10202M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10202M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10187M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10187M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aSF414
=082  04$a363.192$223
=100  1\$aSanter, JO., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 8-Amino Resins (Reaction Products of Melamine, Urea, etc. with Formaldehyde and Alcohols) / $cJO. Santer.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10187M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10187M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b30.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAMINO, OR AMINOPLAST, RESINS for coatings are the products of the reaction of either urea (Fig. 1) or melamine (Fig. 2) with formaldehyde and an alcohol. Besides urea and melamine, other compounds with similar functionality-such as benzoguanamine, glycoluril, etc.-are also used in specific applications where certain property advantages are required. However, use of these materials is quite limited, and sales of amino resins are dominated by those based on urea and melamine, with U.S. consumption of about 100 million lb (45 x 106 kg) per year.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aHISTORY $xSocial History. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aMelamine $xToxicology $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aMelamine $xToxicology $zChina.
=650  \7$aHISTORY $xSocial History. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10187M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10187M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10231M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10231M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD883
=082  04$a690$223
=100  1\$aHicks, LS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 52-Natural Weathering / $cLS. Hicks, MJ. Crewdson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10231M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10231M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aNATURAL WEATHERING DESCRIBES THE PROCESS of exposing materials to the effects of the outdoor environment. Deterioration caused by the atmosphere occurs to all materials placed in an outdoor environment. Natural weathering tests are an extremely important part of the process of determining the aging characteristics of a material. Weathering tests are used to improve the durability of exposed materials.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAir $xPollution $xEnvironmental aspects.
=650  \0$aBuilding materials $xDeterioration.
=650  \0$aWeathering of buildings.
=700  1\$aCrewdson, MJ., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10231M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10231M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10217M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10217M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aPN1995.9.F54
=082  04$a791.43/655$223
=100  1\$aWenzler, CM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 38-Measurement of Film Thickness / $cCM. Wenzler, JF. Fletcher.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10217M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10217M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aONE OF THE MAJOR REQUIREMENTS OF PAINT and coating testing is the measurement and control of film thickness. Ensuring that a specification is achieved is important in laboratory tests, paint application, automatic spraying, and other coating application methods.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFilm noir.
=650  \7$aPERFORMING ARTS $xFilm & Video $x Reference. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aFilm noir $zzUnited States $xHistory and criticism.
=700  1\$aFletcher, JF., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10217M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10217M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10244M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP988
=082  04$a620.1/99$223
=100  1\$aSpindel, S., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 65-Sealants / $cS. Spindel.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10244M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10244M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSEALANTS ARE PRODUCTS INSTALLED into an opening to prevent the intrusion of air, water, dust, heat, cold, and other materials such as gases, e.g., radon. The sealant is installed into the opening by gun or knife. It is then expected tofunction even though the space it occupies is stressed because of movement, thereby placing significant strain upon the adhesive forces that bond the sealant to the substrate to which it is attached. The sealant is also expected tofunction regardless of whether it is applied to a horizontal opening or a vertical one or whether it is applied to a building facade subject to rapid expansion and contraction or to a plaza or deck where it is subject to puncture by spiked heels.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSealing compounds.
=650  \0$aSealants $xHistory.
=650  \0$aSealants.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10244M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10244M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10229M$2doi
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA460
=082  04$a620.1/66$223
=100  1\$aGuvin, PR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 50-Slip Resistance / $cPR. Guvin.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10229M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10229M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b44.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAN OVERVIEW OF THIS SUBJECT as it relates to the coating industry was published in 1978 [1]. This chapter is an expansion and update of that paper. Although a majority of the instruments and test methods for slip resistance were developed in ASTM committees with responsibilities other than for paint, they all can be used to measure the slip resistance of paints and coatings.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFracture.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aRsistance des matriaux.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10229M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10229M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10208M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aS30.5
=082  04$a630.7$223
=100  1\$aKing, VM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 29-Bactericides, Fungicides, and Algicides / $cVM. King.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10208M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10208M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE VARIED METABOLIC CAPABILITIES of microorganisms enable them to cause many problems in paints and coatings, from manufacture through storage and application. These problems can usually be controlled with the effective use of microbicides (bactericides, fungicides, and algicides). The organisms involved are also discussed elsewhere in this manual. Knowing the type of organisms against which a microbicide is to provide protection is very important in selecting the best types of chemicals to use.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aInsecticides $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFungicides $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aBactericides $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aRodenticides $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aHerbicides $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10208M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10208M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145283 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120600
=020  \\$a0803120605
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10181M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10181M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA467
=082  04$a620.1122$223
=100  1\$aCarlozzo, BJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 2-Bituminous Coatings / $cBJ. Carlozzo.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 17 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10181M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10181M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THE UNITED STATES, the terms bituminous and asphaltic are often used interchangeably. In Europe, bitumen refers to the mixture of heavy hydrocarbons, free of inorganic impurities. Asphalt is often considered the impure form of the generic material [1]. For our purposes, the ASTM definitions will be used.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=650  \0$aBituminous materials.
=650  \0$aCoal-tar.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10181M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10181M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803162297 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142732
=020  \\$a0803142730
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11251M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11251M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.702$223
=245  00$aChapter 9 : Report Preparation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11251M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11251M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWe are close to finishing the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) process. We completed the required elements of the scope of E 1527 [1], including the records research, inspecting the site and conducting the interviews. We are now ready to evaluate the data and prepare the report for our client.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11251M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11251M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803162297 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142732
=020  \\$a0803142730
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11252M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11252M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.702$223
=245  00$aChapter 10 : Dealing with the Non-Scope Issues.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11252M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11252M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn many instances, the user may need to conduct an investigation into certain environmental issues that are beyond the scope of E 1527 [1]. These may include radon, lead-based paint, lead in drinking water, asbestos, wetlands, sick buildings, compliance, and air quality issues. Users may realize some cost benefits if the environmental professional (EP) can combine the investigations. One site visit may be sufficient to cover requirements of the related investigations, and some of the other tasks may also be combined to increase the efficiency of the process.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11252M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11252M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803162297 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142732
=020  \\$a0803142730
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11246M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11246M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.702$223
=245  00$aChapter 4 : Responsibilities.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11246M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11246M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Brownfields Amendment and AAI have significant implications for both the users and the EPs. The ten criteria included in the Brownfields Amendment provided guidance that EPA has to consider in developing the rules for AAI. Those criteria speak in terms of the user and the EP. It makes no specific distinction between the user and the EP. AAI does not actually make use of the term user. It uses a much more involved definition to account for various parties involved in transactions, including grantees. The language from AAI on applicability may be found in Fig. 4.1. In order to simplify the concept, we will use the ASTM E 1527 terminology for user.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11246M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11246M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803162297 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142732
=020  \\$a0803142730
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11257M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11257M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.702$223
=245  00$aChapter 4 : Contracts.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11257M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11257M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aContracts define the relationship between the user and the environmental professional (EP). A contract is an agreement by both parties that defines mutually agreeable duties and responsibilities. The contract is a disclosure document that identifies numerous issues that may arise during the course of the Phase II Environmental Site Assessment (Phase II ESA) and describes the approach that will be used to resolve those issues. The contract also describes fees and payment obligations of the parties involved. Lastly, the contract also identifies the scope of work, sometimes by a detailed description of the tasks by reference to the Standards and work plans or any combination thereof. All of the issues discussed in the previous chapters on scope and application of the Standards must be considered during the contracting period of the Phase II ESA.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11257M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11257M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803162297 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142732
=020  \\$a0803142730
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11248M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11248M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.702$223
=245  00$aChapter 6 : Site Reconnaissance.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11248M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11248M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSite reconnaissance is required by the Standard. E 1527 [1] uses two terms associated with site inspection. They are Site Visit and Site Reconnaissance. Site visit can be considered as a subset of site reconnaissance. Site visit generally refers to inspection activities of the subject property. Site reconnaissance includes those activities but expands the event to the analysis of site visit information in concert with other information in identifying recognized environmental conditions (RECs)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11248M.
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=245  00$aChapter 11 : All Appropriate Inquiry and ASTM Standards.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe concept of All Appropriate Inquiry is not new. It is rooted in the Innocent Landowner Defense of the original CERCLA statutes discussed in the previous chapters of this manual The statute states:  9601 (35)B To establish that the defendant had no reason to know, as provided (above), the defendant must have undertaken at the time of acquisition all appropriate inquiry into the previous ownership and uses of the property consistent with good commercial or customary practice.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11253M.
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=245  00$aChapter 7 : Safety and Health.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe ASTM Phase I and Phase II Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) Standards [1,2] do not provide any direction or guidance to the environmental professionals (EPs) with respect to health and safety issues. This fact should not be construed to imply that safety is not important or that it does not apply to the assessment activities. With Phase I ESA investigations the issues can be very basic and driven by common sense. For example, the EPs are not required by the Standard to enter confined spaces, and common sense tells the EPs not to engage in sniffing and taste testing of the contents of a 55-gallon industrial drum. However, there have been instances where EPs' safety was affected by factors not necessarily related to recognized environmental conditions (RECs). For example, an EP walked into an abandoned warehouse when the door stuck shut, and the EP was rescued several hours later only because her home office knew where to look for her.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11249M.
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=245  00$aChapter 8 : Interviews.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11250M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aE 1527 [1] requires the environmental professional (EP) to conduct interviews with owners and occupants. The objective of the interviews is to develop information about the subject property and its activities. To accomplish this goal the EPs should seek out the person who has this information. The owners of the property are not necessarily the persons most knowledgeable about the uses of the property. Some are absentee owners and may be out of state with limited knowledge about the everyday business activities on the property. For this reason, E 1527 requires the EPs to make a reasonable effort to locate and interview the key site manager.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
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=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11250M.
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=245  00$aAcknowledgments.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11241M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11241M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
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=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
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=245  00$aChapter 5 : Records Review.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11247M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11247M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOne of the most important required elements of the Phase I Environmental Aite Assessments (Phase I ESAs) involves obtaining and reviewing records. Phase I ESAs do not involve any sampling. All of the other assessment activities, such as the interviews and the site reconnaissance, rely heavily on information uncovered in the records review portion of the Phase I ESA. The records review thus forms the foundation of the Phase I ESA.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11247M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11247M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a363.702$223
=245  00$aChapter 7 : Evaluating Data and Interpreting Results.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11260M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11260M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe assessment activities undertaken during the Phase II ESA generate data that need to be critically analyzed by the environmental professional (EP) before being interpreted with respect to the contamination of the subject property. During the work planning stage, the EP had to generate certain assumptions about the condition of the subject property. The assumptions are based on the information available at the outset of the assessment. Assumptions also include combining the available information with training, experience, and expertise of the EPs. Based on the assumptions, the EPs create a mental picture of the migration potential of the contaminants on the property. Often, the EPs actually generate a conceptual site model including a drawing with written explanations before collecting the samples. During interpretation, the conceptual site model is evaluated using the data from the assessment activities.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11260M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11260M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 3 : Application and Uses of E 1903.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11256M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAs we have already discussed in Chapter 1 on the scope of E 1903 [1], the Standard Guide is primarily intended to reflect good commercial and customary practice for an all-appropriate inquiry. As such, it builds upon the recognized environmental conditions (RECs) typically identified in either the Phase I ESA or through some other avenues.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11256M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11256M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 1 : Scope of Phase II Environmental Site Assessment.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11254M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn Part One of this manual, we concentrated on performing Phase I Environmental Site Assessments (ESAs) in accordance with ASTM E 1527 [1]. Part Two of this manual focuses on some of the key aspects associated with performing the Phase II Environmental Site Assessments (Phase II ESAs) in accordance with ASTM E 1903 [2]. As of the writing of this manual the ASTM task group was in the process of negotiating the necessary revisions that were needed to make the Standard consistent with the changes that took place in the Phase I Standard. Two main approaches to revising the Phase II Standard were under consideration. The 1997 version of the Phase II Standard allows great flexibility enabling the user and the environmental professional to design the process to meet the needs of the user. Some task group members suggested changes to make the Phase II Standard more prescriptive. This approach would simplify some of the decision-making process but could adversely impact the level of professional judgment, and thus potentially detract from the value and diverse applicability of the Phase II process. It is likely that the Phase II standard will be revised to describe the scientific methods and practices appropriate for various types of investigation that typically occur after a Phase I but before regulatory involvement. Most states have specific requirements for site assessment once contamination is identified and reported. The Phase II standard may address those situations when assessment activity is necessary but there is insufficient information to require involvement of a regulatory agency. Such activities can be related to business decisions (is the contamination present or not, big problem or little problem, does it leave the site) or LLP defenses (identify continuing obligations, reasonable steps, or confirm a REC). The scientific method described in the current Phase II standard is not likely ot undergo significant change, however the actual document could be substantially revised. The EPs should monitor the development of the Standards, and whenever applicable modify their procedures when strict conformance to the latest version of the Standards is desired or mandated.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11254M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11254M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 6 : Assessment Activities.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11259M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11259M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPhase II ESAs can include numerous assessment activities that are selected by the EP to meet user needs. The activities can range from further literature research or interviews, to field screening, multimedia sampling, and laboratory analysis. Testing is performed for detection, quantification or both. Detection is generally an easier and less demanding process than quantification. User needs will influence the appropriate method selection by the environmental professional (EP). This chapter looks at the field screening and sampling issues of Phase II ESAs.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11259M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11259M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 8 : Phase II Report.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11261M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11261M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPerhaps the most significant difference with respect to Standard requirements between E 1527 [1] and E 1903 [2] is that the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) requires a written report, while the Phase II Environmental Site Assessment does not. Whether the Phase II ESA report is prepared is subject to the contractual agreement between the user and the environmental professional (EP)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11261M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11261M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 2 : Speaking the LanguageTerminology.
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=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11244M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11244M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aStandardized terminology enables regulators, users and producers to speak the same language without having to explain the meaning of every technical term used. When the players in a commercial real estate transaction utilize common terminology, it speeds up the communication process, resulting in an efficient use of time and resources.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11244M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11244M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a363.702$223
=245  00$aChapter 5 : Work Plans.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (39 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11258M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11258M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA work plan for a Phase II Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) is an articulation of those elements partially described in Section 7 of ASTM E 1903 [1], on Developing the Scope of Work. Work plans are generally included in the development of the scope, and thus comprise one of the first components of Phase II ESAs. The work plan describes how the recognized environmental conditions (RECs) identified in the Phase I ESA will be investigated to determine whether there has been a release of hazardous substances or petroleum products at the subject property.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11258M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11258M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.702$223
=245  00$aChapter 3 : Significance and Use of E 1527.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11245M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11245M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe ASTM Standard E 1527 [1] was originally developed to satisfy one of the requirements of the innocent landowner defense under CERCLA. It was modified in 2005 to incorporate the new LLPs. Much of this effort was directed at complying with AAI as defined by the EPA.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11245M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11245M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 9 : Dealing with Non-Scope Issues.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11262M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11262M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe principles of the E 1903 Standard [1] are used for guidance in many environmental investigations where CERCLA and the Limited Liability Protections (LLPs) under CERCLA are not the determining issues. Throughout this book, we have reviewed many examples where the users' needs extended the Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) investigation of issues beyond the core scope of CERCLA. Various sections of the Standard include reference to issues that are beyond the scope of E 1903. The issues are reviewed and discussed in this chapter.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11262M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11262M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803142730
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11255M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11255M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.702$223
=245  00$aChapter 2 : Expanding the Environmental Vocabulary.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11255M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11255M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn Part One of the manual we introduced and explained the importance of standardized terminology. The E 1903 Standard [1] has 37 standard definitions. Many of these definitions are related to sampling and site investigation activities that may be associated with the Phase II environmental site assessments (ESAs). Closer examination of some of the definitions in the E 1903 Standard provides additional insights into the intent and scope of the Standard. We have already reviewed the definition of a business decision. The resolve of the ASTM E 50 Committee to include it in the E 1903 Standard demonstrates that business risk management considerations are an integral part of the Phase II ESA process.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11255M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11255M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.702$223
=245  00$aChapter 1 : Scope of Phase I Environmental Site Assessments.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 43 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11243M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11243M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe first ASTM Standard was published in 1993. The actual development of that Standard began in the late 1980s. As will be explained in more detail, Superfund Liability was the driving force behind the development of the Standard. The actual law, titled the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, commonly referred to as CERCLA or Superfund, was passed on 11 December 1980. There was a significant amendment on 17 October 1986, titled the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, and commonly referred to as SARA.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous wastes $xRisk assessment $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11243M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11243M.htm

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=245  00$aTable IAlphanumeric Index Reference to ASTM Standards by Designation Number.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 61 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11383M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11383M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoke $xTesting $xStandards.
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=245  00$aExplanation of Terms.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 61 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11382M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11382M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAccuracyThe accuracy of a test is a measure of how close the test result will be to the true value of the property being measured. As such the accuracy can be expressed as the bias between the test result and the true value. However, the absolute accuracy can be established if the true value is known.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCoke $xTesting $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11382M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11382M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 8 : Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Program.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10389M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10389M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe lead operations and maintenance (O&M) program consists of maintenance and cleaning procedures intended to minimize the generation of lead hazards and to effectively remove lead-contaminated dust and soil that has been brought inside buildings.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10389M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10389M.htm

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=008  170503c2000||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
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=245  00$aChapter 7 : Initiating the Lead Hazard Management Plan.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10388M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10388M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe three objectives of lead hazard management activities are: 1) to characterize the presence of lead hazards at a facility, 2) develop a facility-specific plan to control and eliminate lead hazards based on these findings, and 3) implement a program based on the plan. The Lead Hazard Management Program is a blueprint for accomplishing these objectives. It can be developed for a single building, many buildings within a facility, or multiple facilities. As a first initiative in establishing a Lead Hazard Management Program, owners are encouraged to develop a policy statement.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10388M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10388M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 12 : Performing Lead Hazard Control Projects.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10393M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10393M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aLead hazard control projects are designed and performed to control or eliminate lead hazards. Poorly managed projects can create new hazards or significantly increase existing hazards. When performed correctly, projects will be completed on time, within budget and achieve the desired results.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10393M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10393M.htm

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=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 14 : Real Estate Transaction Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10395M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10395M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aStandard operating procedures for real estate transactions should be included in the Lead Hazard Management Plan to ensure compliance with regulations and protect future occupants by requiring the full disclosure of known lead hazards and potential lead hazards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10395M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10395M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 16 : Records Management.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10397M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10397M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of retaining records is to document the actions taken and the information considered at the time actions was taken. Records may also be retained to satisfy regulatory requirements.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10397M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10397M.htm

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=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 10 : Environmental Safety and Health Programs.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10391M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10391M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe environmental, safety and health programs are designed to protect personnel from exposure to hazards and the environment from contamination during lead hazard control activities. The effort required to establish and implement these programs will vary, depending on the control options that are being utilized in the facility.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10391M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10391M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
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=245  00$aChapter 17 : Sampling and Analysis Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10398M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10398M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMany of the standard operating procedures in the Lead Hazard Management Plan include sampling and analytical requirements for lead in air, soil, dust, paint and wastes. This chapter addresses the steps that are necessary to ensure that appropriate, reliable sampling and analytical data are obtained to support the decision making process. As outlined in Figure 17.1, the critical tasks include establishing data collection objectives; developing a sampling and analytical plan that implements procedures for quality control and documentation; conducting the sampling and analysis; and compiling the report.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10398M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10398M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 4 : Basic Management Elements of the Program.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10385M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10385M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAn effective Lead Hazard Management Program requires the use of many talents to coordinate the different program elements. Perhaps with a handful of exceptions, no single organization employs or individually possesses all the necessary skills to acceptably perform all the functions necessary to document, implement, and maintain an effective program. One person may be highly skilled in conducting facility lead hazard evaluations and lead risk assessments, but not be the effective educator needed to keep building occupants informed and encourage their cooperation. Another organization or individual may excel in the area of industrial hygiene, but lack experience in the field of construction management. The program manager will therefore need to assemble a knowledgeable team, whether it be in-house, or through consultants and contractors.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10385M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10385M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
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=245  00$aChapter 5 : Collecting Information on Facilities.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10386M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10386M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of the ASTM E 2052 building classification scheme is to categorize buildings by their likelihood of having lead hazards. Once this is completed, the appropriate evaluation and control tools may be efficiently applied to manage the lead hazards. The classification scheme also provides a rational method to prioritize buildings and allocate limited resources.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10386M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10386M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 1 : Introduction and Summary.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10382M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10382M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter provides an introduction to the lead hazard identification and management handbook, and describes the roles of various persons who might use the document.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10382M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10382M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
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=245  00$aChapter 11 : Planning Lead Hazard Control Projects.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10392M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10392M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of lead hazard control projects is to control or eliminate the source(s) of lead hazards. They do not include projects that are intended only to clean up lead-contaminated dust or soil without addressing the source(s). Proper planning will provide the basis for a well defined, effective, and cost efficient lead hazard control project. Planning will also assist the facility owner with prioritizing the areas that are the most hazardous and need to be addressed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10392M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10392M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 6 : Lead Hazard Evaluation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10387M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10387M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of lead hazard evaluations is to determine the nature and extent of the lead hazard problem that exists within a facility, and to identify current lead hazards and the potential current and future sources of lead hazards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10387M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10387M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 2 : Information and Guidance on Lead Hazards.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10383M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10383M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aLead is a soft malleable element extracted from the ore galena. It is bluish-white-gray in appearance and has a wide variety of uses. It has been used in many products for both the home and the workplace. Some of the more common uses of lead include containers and pipes for liquids, solder, paint, bullets, radiation shielding, lead acid batteries, and antiknock compound used in gasoline.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10383M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10383M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 13 : Ongoing Monitoring and Evaluation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10394M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10394M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOngoing monitoring and reevaluation procedures are used in facilities in which potential sources of lead hazards have not been controlled. These procedures are intended to verify that previously instituted control measures remain effective and new lead hazards are detected in a timely manner. Figure 13.1 provides an overview of the ongoing monitoring and reevaluation process. Ongoing monitoring and reevaluation should be conducted in accordance with the HUD Guidelines, Chapter 6.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10394M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10394M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 15 : Elevated Blood Lead Level Investigations.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10396M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10396M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBlood lead levels as low as 10 ?g/dl are associated with harmful effects on children's learning and behavior. Very high blood lead levels, exceeding 70 ?g/dl, can cause serious health consequences, including seizures, coma and death. The percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels has dropped significantly over the years as leaded gasoline and lead solder used for canning food has been phased out. However, in 1997, the CDC estimated there are still 890,000 U.S. children with blood lead levels above 10 ?g/dl. Lead-based paint remains the prevalent source of lead exposure for U.S. children.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10396M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10396M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120860
=020  \\$a0803120869
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10384M$2doi
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 3 : Summary of the Lead Hazard Management Program.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10384M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10384M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of the program is to protect occupants, visitors, staff, other workers, and the environment from lead hazards in facilities, which are likely to be occupied or visited by children under six or by pregnant women. The ASTM Standard E 2052 and this handbook provide detailed guidance to property owners and managers on how to develop a lead hazard management program.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10384M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10384M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120869
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD196.L4
=082  04$a669.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 9 : Occupant Education and Protection Program.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2000.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2000, Issue 38 (January 2000)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10390M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10390M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe occupant education and protection program is intended to reduce the risk of lead exposure to occupants and visitors arising from the facility and other sources. It is also used to encourage the cooperation of occupants in managing lead hazards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2000. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLead abatement $xtandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aLead $xAnalysis $xStandards $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aBuildings $xMaintenance and repair $xStandards $zUnited States.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10390M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10390M.htm

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=001  MNL11924D
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=008  170503c1974||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186514 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803105669
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11924D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11924D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a629.2/55$223
=100  1\$aASTM Committee D02, , $eauthor.
=245  10$aShear Stability of Multigrade Engine Oils / $c ASTM Committee D02.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (28 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS49S1 (June 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11924D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11924D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTwo car fleet programs sponsored by the Institute of Petroleum (I.P.) were conducted on ten ASTM Reference Oils as part of an ASTM program to study methods of evaluating the shear stability characteristics of polymer containing oils. The results obtained from one fleet consisting of conventional cars, i.e., cars having separate oil charges for their engines and their gear boxes, agreed well with the average results from six U.S. car fleets. A second fleet, made up of cars having a common oil charge for the gear boxes and the engine crankcases, sheared the reference oils substantially more than the other fleets. Viscosity loss results from the second fleet correlated poorly with those from all shear stability bench tests and with results from the other fleets.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11924D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11924D.htm

=LDR  02916nam  2200601 i 4500
=001  MNL11623M
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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aChapter 3Continuous Improvement.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11623M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11623M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter focuses on continuous improvement through a structured method utilizing a team approach to reduce variation and lead time. Statistical tools such as flow charts, run charts, trend charts, and Pareto charts are employed in the PIE (Plan/Initiate/Evaluate) process of product and/or service improvement activities. Examples of successful application of PIE are provided to assist the reader in understanding how to apply these techniques.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStatistical tools.
=650  \0$aEmployee involvement.
=650  \0$aContinuous improvement.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=653  10$astatistical tools.
=653  20$acontinuous improvement.
=653  20$aemployee involvement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11623M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11623M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803170056
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aChapter 6Supplier Partnerships and Control.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11626M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11626M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter provides a program outline for developing and maintaining suppliers of product and services necessary for the success of an organization. Through a Partners in Quality program, organizations are able to improve their own operations through improvement of their suppliers management and control of the suppliers document and change system, materials, fixtures and test equipment, processes, product, internal audits, and quality reporting.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSupplier control.
=650  \0$aSupplier partnerships.
=650  \0$aContinuous improvement.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=653  10$asupplier control.
=653  20$asupplier partnerships.
=653  20$acontinuous improvement.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11626M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11626M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145306 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170056
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11624M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11624M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aChapter 4Quality Systems.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11624M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11624M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter defines the quality functions place in the organization, and how the quality function interacts with all other functions within an organization. The relationships between the quality manual, procedures, work instructions, and quality records are explained. Detailed examples are provided on the construction of procedures and work instructions. Responsibilities for quality are discussed, and guidance is provided for the various functions within an organization including marketing, engineering, manufacturing/production, and quality. Detailed guidance on a quality manual is provided in Chapter 8.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aQuality organization.
=650  \0$aDocumentation for quality.
=650  \0$aResponsibility for quality.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=653  10$aresponsibility for quality.
=653  20$adocumentation for quality.
=653  20$aquality organization.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11624M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11624M.htm

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=001  MNL11632M
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145306 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170056
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11632M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11632M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aAppendix C : Attribute Gauge Analysis Form.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11632M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11632M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11632M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11632M.htm

=LDR  03114nam  2200601 i 4500
=001  MNL11627M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145306 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170056
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11627M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11627M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aChapter 7Statistical Quality Control Six-sigma, and Lean Manufacturing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11627M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11627M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter provides and defines several tools used for process control. The process controls discussed work for either manufacturing or service processes. Included are guidelines for statistical quality control, Lean Manufacturing, and Six-Sigma. The tools under Statistical Quality Control are descriptive statistics, histograms, SPC, Gauge analysis, variable and attribute control charting, cause and effect diagrams, and Pareto analysis. In the discussion on Lean Manufacturing, topics include. The five-s process, Kanban, and Poka-yoke. Six-Sigma is briefly discussed by providing definitions of DMAIC and DMADV.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSix-sigma.
=650  \0$aLean manufacturing.
=650  \0$aStatistical quality control.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=653  10$astatistical quality control.
=653  20$alean manufacturing.
=653  20$asix-sigma.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11627M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11627M.htm

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=001  MNL11629M
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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145306 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170056
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11629M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11629M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aChapter 9Compliance with Public Law 101-592.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11629M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11629M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter provides suggestions on compliance with Public Law 101-592, commonly referred to as the Fastener Quality Act (FQA). Points to consider are provided for Fastener Manufacturers, Testing Laboratories, Fastener Distributors, and Fastener Users.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPublic Law 101-592.
=650  \0$aFastener Quality Act.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=653  10$aPublic Law 101-592.
=653  20$aFastener Quality Act.
=653  20$aFQA.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11629M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11629M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aChapter 2Strategic Planning.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11622M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11622M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter discusses the importance of developing a Strategic Plan that is tied in with the organizations Quality Policy. Tools to implement the strategic plans are detailed and include Flow Charts and Analysis, FMEA for product or service, and Control Plans. The process that ties the three tools together is the Service/Product Quality Plan (SPQP). The SPQP is defined and explained in the Futuristic Quality Planning section of this chapter. Real examples from companies for which I have worked are provided to demonstrate the construction of each strategic planning tool.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlow chart.
=650  \0$aControl plan.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=653  10$aFMEA.
=653  20$acontrol plan.
=653  20$aflow chart.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11622M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11622M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aChapter 5Quality Reporting.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11625M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11625M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter discusses how the cost of quality is reported, and how the quality system is audited to drive continuous improvement. Examples of critical process indicators (CPIs) are included in a sample Cost of Quality report. System and layered process audits (LPA) are defined and tied to continuous improvement.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aQuality auditing.
=650  \0$aQuality reporting.
=650  \0$aLayered process audits.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=653  10$aquality reporting.
=653  20$aquality auditing.
=653  20$alayered process audits.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11625M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11625M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145306 (e-ISBN)
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=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aChapter 8Quality Manual Guidelines for ISO 9001.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11628M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11628M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter provides a descriptive model of a process-based, customer-focused quality management system, and gives detailed guidelines on the development of a quality manual that is designed to comply with the requirements of ISO 9001:2008. Five management responsibilities are addressed in great detail: Quality Management System, Management Responsibility, Recourse Management, Product Realization, and Measurement, Analysis and Improvement.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aQuality manual.
=650  \0$aManagement responsibility.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=653  10$aISO 9001.
=653  20$aquality manual.
=653  20$amanagement responsibility.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11628M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11628M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145306 (e-ISBN)
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aAppendix B : Supplier Quality Systems Survey.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11631M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11631M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11631M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11631M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145306 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170056
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aChapter 1Management's Role.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11621M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11621M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter discusses managements responsibility, or role, in creating a work environment that is focused on performance excellence through the Malcolm Baldrige Criteria for Excellence and Total Quality management principles. Areas addressed are: Leadership Commitment, Team Management, Customer and Market Focus, Workforce Focus, Measurement Analysis and Knowledge Management, Recognition and Rewards, and Communications.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLeadership.
=650  \0$aManagement.
=650  \0$aTotal quality.
=650  \0$aEmployee recognition.
=650  \0$aMeasurement analysis.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=653  10$amanagement.
=653  20$ameasurement analysis.
=653  20$aleadership.
=653  20$aemployee recognition.
=653  20$atotal quality.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11621M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11621M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145306 (e-ISBN)
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD62.15
=082  04$a658.4/013$223
=245  00$aAppendix A : Synopsis of ASTM Standards F1469, F1503, F2282, and F2688.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 22 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11630M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11630M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11630M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11630M.htm

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=008  170503c1974||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186620 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803103863
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11853D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11853D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a691$223
=100  1\$aPesut, R. N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Cooperative Study of the Precision of the Determination of The Average Velocity in a Duct (Pitot Tube Method) / $cJ. E. Howes, R. N. Pesut, J. F. Foster.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (60 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS55S7 (August 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11853D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11853D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn 1971 in recognition of the important relationship between the measurement and the effective control of air pollution, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) initiated a pioneering program, designated Project Threshold, to validate methods for measuring contaminants in the ambient atmosphere and in source emissions. The first phase of the program was devoted to evaluation of methods for measuring the content of nitrogen dioxide (D 160769), sulfur dioxide (D 2914-70T), dustfall (D 173970), total sulfation (D 201065), particulate matter (D 170461), and lead (D 3112) in the atmosphere(15)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFlue gases.
=650  \0$aAir $xPollution.
=650  \0$aFlow meters.
=650  \0$aPitot tubes.
=700  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHowes, J. E., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11853D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11853D.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803167391 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170100
=020  \\$a0803170106
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11493M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11493M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aSchraidt, Mary, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix L : Penalty Analysis or Mean Drop Analysis / $cMary Schraidt.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11493M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11493M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPenalty analysis or Mean drop analysis is a method for determining if respondents' Just About Right ratings for a specific attribute are associated with a drop in some hedonic or choice measure, most commonly Overall Liking. Penalty/Mean drop analysis is conducted on Just About Right data to determine if those who do not find a particular attribute Just About Right rate it lower for Overall Liking on that attribute than those who find the same attribute JAR. Penalty/Mean drop analysis is not a formal method for determining drivers of liking, but is an effective tool for linking attribute performance to Overall Liking.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11493M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11493M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803167391 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170100
=020  \\$a0803170106
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11491M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11491M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aParker, Merry Jo., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix J : Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) / $cMerry Jo. Parker.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11491M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11491M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method for studying differences between the mean scores of samples. ANOVA takes into account variance from different sources. When used to analyze Just About Right (JAR) scales, the source of variance is most often treatments and judges, so a two-way ANOVA is used.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11491M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11491M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aKeith, Joni L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix C : Percent Difference from Norm and Percent Difference from Just Right / $cGloria A. Gaskin, Joni L. Keith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11484M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11484M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Percent Difference from Norm analysis determines if the % JAR responses meet or exceed an established norm. If they do not, it also determines the direction of the imbalances of the JAR scale responses. The Percent Difference from Just Right analysis does not rely on an established norm, but compares the non-JAR responses to those in the Just About Right category. If a significant difference is found, the non-JAR responses are compared to each other. The analysis is conducted on one product-attribute combination at a time, but there is no limit as to how many products or attributes may be analyzed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aGaskin, Gloria A., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11484M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11484M.htm

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=100  1\$aFritz, Carl, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix G : Methods for Determining Whether JAR Distributions are Similar Among Products (Chi-Square, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH), Stuart-Maxwell, McNemar) / $cCarl Fritz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11488M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11488M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe following methods can each be used to determine whether JAR score distributions are similar among a set of products:  Chi-square method  Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) method [1], [2]  Stuart-Maxwell method [3]  McNemar method [4] The chi-square method and CMH method are the most general of the four methods listed above. Both methods can be used for comparing JAR score distributions among any number of products for any number of JAR scale categories. The chi-square method differs from the other three methods with respect to the design of the consumer test for which it can be used. The use of the chi-square method requires independence among the assessors' responses. This limits the use of the chi-square method to situations where different groups of assessors evaluate each product. The CMH, Stuart-Maxwell, and McNemar methods are all appropriate when the assessors evaluate all of the products. These methods provide an increased level of power over the chi-square method by taking advantage of the positive correlation that typically exists among an individual assessor's ratings on two or more products evaluated during the same consumer test.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11488M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11488M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803170100
=020  \\$a0803170106
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11500M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
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=100  1\$aElizabeth, Horn, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix S : Biplots, Correspondence Analysis, and Principal Components Analysis / $cHorn Elizabeth, Ford Cindy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11500M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11500M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMultivariate graphical displays, also known as biplots, describe relationships among Just About Right attributes across samples. Biplots are a visual means to show multidimensional data relationships. There are many techniques that can be used to generate the necessary data for biplots, such as principal components analysis, multidimensional scaling, correspondence analysis, and discriminant analysis. Two of these methods, correspondence analysis (CA) and principal components analysis (PCA), were considered in this case study.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aCindy, Ford, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11500M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11500M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aConley, Colleen, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix A : Graphical Data Display / $cColleen Conley.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11482M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11482M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe graphical data display method provides a visual comparison of JAR data across products and attributes, or both. The objective of this method is to provide a method to visually assess the distribution of JAR data. This is a descriptive/summarization method, not an inferential one.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11482M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11482M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803170106
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=037  \\$aMNL11492M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aDelwiche, Jeannine, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix K : Thurstonian Ideal Point Modeling / $cJeannine Delwiche.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11492M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11492M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThurstonian ideal point modeling allows one to compare the JAR ratings of multiple products to a theoretical ideal product. It compares the probabilistic distribution of a product against the probabilistic distribution of the ideal.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11492M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11492M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170100
=020  \\$a0803170106
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11490M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11490M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
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=100  1\$aParker, Merry Jo., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix I : Student's t-TestAnalysis of Variance of Two Samples / $cMerry Jo. Parker.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11490M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11490M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Student's t-test is a statistical method for comparing the mean JAR scores of two product samples. The results of the t-test determine whether or not the means of two samples of data are significantly different.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11490M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11490M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170100
=020  \\$a0803170106
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11498M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11498M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aShvartsburg, Efim, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix Q : PRIMO Analysis / $cEfim Shvartsburg.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11498M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11498M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPRIMO (Product Improvement Opportunity) analysis is a method whose initial step is penalty analysis (see Appendix C), followed by the application of Bayesian theory to identify desired changes in JAR attribute ratings in order to maximize the probability of potential product improvement, according to a given criterion. The criterion can be either categorical, such as Top or Top Two Box scale ratings, or continuous, such as mean Overall Liking. For each attribute, this analysis provides a confidence level that the product can be significantly improved with respect to the chosen criterion, by altering the current level of the attribute. The resulting output is a list of JAR attributes and their respective confidence levels, in descending order, corresponding to the potential product improvement. As a result of PRIMO analysis, researchers gain an understanding on how to alter the product on the attributes that promise a high confidence level for improvement. This procedure puts PRIMO Analysis in the class of Bayesian choice models.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11498M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11498M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170100
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11502M$2doi
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=050  \4$aHF5415.3
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=100  1\$aHerskovic, Joseph E., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix U : Regression / $cJoseph E. Herskovic.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11502M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11502M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMany of the other techniques in this guideline treat the effect of JAR scales on the overall rating one scale at a time. Regression analysis allows the researcher to evaluate the joint effects of the scales levels on overall response. The stronger the relationship between a JAR scale and the overall response, the more important that Just-Right attribute is in explaining the liking attribute, even after controlling for the other attributes. The regression can be either non-parametric (ordinal) or parametric (ordinary regression) and the JAR scales can have either a linear or non-linear effect on the response. The examples below use linear regression because of ease of use and widespread availability in many statistical packages. The more general approaches require more statistical sophistication. Regression analysis can be done for the entire data set (all samples combined) or for each individual sample. Conducting the analysis on all samples combined gives a general overview of how the Just Right attributes work together to explain liking. This analysis can be conducted using either the individual respondent data or product mean scores.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11502M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11502M.htm

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=100  1\$aRothman, Lori, $eauthor.
=245  10$aStructure and Use of Just-About-Right Scales / $cLori Rothman, Merry Jo. Parker.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11481M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b43.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aJust-about-right (JAR) scales are commonly used in consumer research to identify whether product attributes are perceived at levels that are too high, too low, or just about right for that product. While at first glance this type of scaling may appear simplistic, the process of developing and analyzing JAR scales is complex. In this manual, the history of JAR scale usage, the mechanics of JAR scale construction, inappropriate and appropriate uses of JAR scales, benefits and risks of use, and case studies that illustrate the many methods for data analysis of these scales are reviewed. Alternatives to JAR scales are also included. Finally, a summary and conclusions are presented. This manual covers the application, construction, analysis, and interpretation of just-about-right (JAR) scales for use in testing with consumers. Defined as bipolar labeled attributes scales, JAR scales measure levels of a product's attribute relative to a respondent's theoretical ideal level. These scales have an anchored midpoint of just about right or just right and endpoints anchored to represent intensity levels of the attribute that are higher and lower than ideal. The ideal point model [1] will serve as the conceptual base for JAR scale interpretation. This model is one of several available; however, it is not practical to cover all aspects of ideal point modeling nor to consider other conceptual frameworks, such as preference unfolding [2] in this manual.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aParker, Merry Jo., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11481M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11481M.htm

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=100  1\$aTempleton, Lynn, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix R : Chi-Square / $cLynn Templeton.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11499M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe chi-square approach looks at the relationship between Just Right and hedonic ratings for each product, using only the data from the Not Just Right sections of the scale. The objective of using a chi-square analysis is to determine if there are significant differences in liking between respondents that have rated the product differently on the JAR scales, i.e., to test the null hypothesis that there is no association between the JAR group and overall liking. For example, one could use the chi-square approach to determine whether respondents that rated the product as Not Sweet Enough differed from those respondents who rated the product as Too Sweet..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11499M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11499M.htm

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=100  1\$aPlaehn, Dave, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix N : A Regression-Based Approach for Testing Significance of JAR Variable Penalties / $cDave Plaehn, John Horne.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11495M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11495M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTraditional penalty analysis attempts to relate JAR variable responses to overall liking or some other reference variable. No variance estimates are calculated around the penalties or mean drops, and as a result, significance testing is not done. Consequently, this method does not give any gauge of reliability or importance of the results. Focus is often placed on large penalties that are also associated with a large proportion of respondents; 20 % of respondents on a given side of a Just About Right point (e.g., Too Much or Too Little) is frequently used as a minimum standard of importance. We propose a regression-based approach to better understand which penalties are important for a given product. This approach recodes JAR variable scores into indicator (dummy) variables in order to address the non-linear nature of the typical JAR variable scale (the middle category as Just About Right and the other categories as some degree of Too Much or Too Little). Regression coefficients resulting from the indicator variables are analogous to mean drops of the reference variable. Significance testing can be done on these coefficients parametrically by using the standard error estimates from the regression model itself; semi-parametrically by using standard error estimates from methods such as jackknife and bootstrap; or non-parametrically, for example, by forming  confidence intervals from the distribution of a large number of bootstrap samples. All of these methods are presented below. While some parts of this approach can be used to test multiple products and attributes simultaneously, we will consider only one JAR variable/product combination at a time. Along the way we will prove that the regression coefficients from ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression are identical to the traditional penalties assuming the so-called JAR mean is used to determine the penalties.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aHorne, John, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11495M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11495M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aXiong, Rui, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix H : A Proportional Odds/Hazards Approach to JAR Data / $cRui Xiong, Jean-Francois Meullenet.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11489M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11489M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$at-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression all assume that the response is measured on an interval scale, so that the differences between adjacent values have the same meaning across the scale. This assumption is often violated in practice, which can lead to inaccurate conclusions. The proportional odds and proportional hazards models are ordinal regression models that are only sensitive to the order of the observations, not the specific values assigned to the categories. They are used to compare the distributions of JAR scores among products and are performed simultaneously. The proportional odds model (POM) is skew-symmetric, so that reversing the order of the scale simply changes the sign of the mean, while the proportional hazards model (PHM) is asymmetric, so that reversing the order of the scale changes both the order and the sign of the estimate.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aMeullenet, Jean-Francois, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11489M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11489M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aXiong, Rui, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix O : Bootstrapping Penalty Analysis / $cRui Xiong, Jean-Francois Meullenet.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11496M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11496M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBootstrapping penalty analysis is a method that allows you to perform statistical testing on the results of a penalty analysis, using a technique called bootstrapping to estimate variances and covariances. Recall that the purpose of penalty analysis is to identify attributes that appear to have a strong impact on Overall Liking, on a product-by-product basis. However, there are no significance procedures to test the significance of each attribute's effect on Overall Liking. The bootstrap method, is a well-established computer-based Monte Carlo technique for determining an estimate for the standard errors, confidence intervals, biases, and prediction errors.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aMeullenet, Jean-Francois, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11496M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11496M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aXiong, Rui, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix V : Preference Mapping from JAR Data Using Tree-Based Regressions / $cJean-Francois Meullenet, Rui Xiong.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11503M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11503M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPenalty analysis offers a method to consider the individual effects of JAR ratings on Overall Liking (OAL), but does not provide a way to assess the impacts of simultaneous changes in JAR ratings on Overall Liking. Standard multiple regression is of limited use in this situation because of its strong assumptions of linearity. A form of non-parametric regression, which we will refer to as tree-based regression, removes that assumption and allows you to determine the combinations of the JAR ratings that have the strongest impact on Overall Liking. There are wide variety of tree-based regressions packages available, such as CART, MARS, KnowledgeSeeger, and SPSS AnswerTree, as well as free implementations such as part in R. This example will use MARS (multivariate adaptive regression splines) as its example [1]. This is commercial software, sold by Salford Systems (http://www.salfordsystems.com/) [2].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aMeullenet, Jean-Francois, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11503M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11503M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aMazur, Jagoda, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix Z : Ideal Scaling / $cAnne Goldman, Jagoda Mazur.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11507M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11507M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn place of attempting to gauge attribute intensity and acceptability in one scale, ideal point modeling involves separating out the hedonic component of the response from the intensity evaluation. The Ideal product ratings are compared to the actual ratings. Attribute liking can be used to supplement findings from this technique.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aGoldman, Anne, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11507M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11507M.htm

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=100  1\$aTakkunen, Amy, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix T : Correlation / $cAmy Takkunen.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11501M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11501M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCorrelation analyses can be used to measure the linear association of JAR scale data to data measured using other types of scales, e.g., liking scales. The goal of these analyses is to assess the strength and direction of the relationship between the JAR scale and the other scale(s) of interest for each product and, possibly, across products.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11501M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11501M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aStucky, Gregory, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix M : Using Grand Mean versus Mean of the Proportion of Respondents Who Scored the Product JAR / $cDave Plaehn, Gregory Stucky, David Lundahl, John Horne.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11494M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11494M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe object of traditional penalty analysis is to try to determine the effect Too Much or Too Little of a product attribute has on overall product liking. These product attributes have been called Just-About-Right or JAR variables, they are discrete and the middle value corresponds to a consumer response of Just About Right. There are two different approaches in determining the so-called penalties. Both are examined here.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aHorne, John, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aLundahl, David, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aPlaehn, Dave, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11494M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11494M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aJones, Veronika, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix E : Mean Direction and Mean Absolute Deviation / $cVeronika Jones.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11486M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11486M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe mean directional and mean absolute deviations are statistics that can be used to summarize and check the balance of JAR data. The JAR data are analyzed separately for each product and each attribute. The mean directional deviation is the average signed difference of the ratings from the Just About Right value. On a 5-point JAR scale, the mean directional ranges from 2 to +2 (Just Right =0). Scores that are closer to 2 indicate that respondents thought that attribute was Too Low. Scores that are closer to +2 indicate that respondents thought that the attribute was Too High. The mean direction deviation is a simple shift of the mean, covered in Appendix D. The mean absolute deviation summarizes the spread of the ratings about the Just About Right value. On a 5-point scale, the mean absolute deviation ranges from 0, when all judgments are Just About Right to +2, when all judgments are at one or the other extreme end of the scale. Unlike percent Just-Right scores, absolute deviations can be calculated for each individual and the mean absolute deviation analyzed by any of the standard parametric statistical procedures. The mean absolute deviation summarizes the average distance to the Just About Right value while the mean directional deviation summarizes the average direction the attribute is from the Just About Right value (i.e., Too Low or Too High)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11486M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11486M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803167391 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170100
=020  \\$a0803170106
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11504M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11504M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aXiong, Rui, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix W : Application of JAR Data to Preference Mapping Using Dummy Variables / $cRui Xiong, Jean-Francois Meullenet.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11504M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11504M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe dummy variable approach is a regression method that can be applied to map relationships between JAR and liking scores. The approach models the relationship between JAR and liking variables, estimates the mean drop of Overall Liking (OL) as a function of JAR scores and determines the drivers of liking. The dummy variable approach is a very flexible method that can be performed either for individual products or for all products to determine the effects of JAR attribute scores on Overall Liking.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aMeullenet, Jean-Francois, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11504M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11504M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11485M$2doi
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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aRothman, Lori, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix D : The Mean / $cLori Rothman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11485M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11485M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe objective of the mean analysis is to determine if, on average, the product scores Just About Right, or whether there is a skew of Too Much or Not Enough of an attribute. This method of analysis uses only the JAR data. While calculation of the JAR means is completed individually for each product, these means can be compared (see Appendixes I and J). Determining whether the mean is statistically different from the scale midpoint is discussed in Appendix F.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11485M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11485M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11497M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aGualtieri, Tony, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix P : Opportunity Analysis / $cTony Gualtieri.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11497M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11497M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTypical penalty analysis (see Appendix M) assesses the association between JAR scale attributes and Overall Liking. It does not account for the relationship between attribute liking and Overall Liking. Opportunity analysis remedies that lack with an additional computation to address the potential effect of changing an attribute on consumers who already like the product. The analysis provides simple summaries of the relationship between overall and attribute liking for that product. This summary scatter plot illustrates the possible risks (defined as a decrease in the proportion of product likers) and opportunities (defined as an increase in the proportion of product likers) associated with changing a product's attribute liking.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11497M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11497M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170100
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11483M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11483M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
=082  04$a658.8/34015195$223
=100  1\$aMazur, Jagoda, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix B : Graphical Scaling / $cAnne Goldman, Jagoda Mazur.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11483M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11483M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aGraphical scaling is a technique for presenting the results for a JAR scale analysis that graphically illustrates any imbalance around the Just Right scale point.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aGoldman, Anne, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11483M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11483M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803167391 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170100
=020  \\$a0803170106
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11487M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11487M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHF5415.3
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=100  1\$aPitts, Sandra, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix F : Mean versus Scale Mid-Point / $cSandra Pitts.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11487M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11487M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis method describes a statistical procedure to compare a single mean to its JAR scale mid-point. It will determine if a product attribute is perceived to be significantly different from the ideal. When an attribute is significantly different from the mid-point, conclusions can also be made about the direction of the difference. This analysis is designed to compare a single product/attribute combination to its center-point, and is not appropriate for the comparisons across products or attributes. Comparisons among multiple products in the same test are limited to statements as to how they each relate to the JAR scale mid-point or Ideal value. Note that the Ideal value refers to the JAR scale mid-point, and is not related to a specific gold standard product.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11487M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11487M.htm

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=100  1\$aParker, Merry Jo., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix Y : Designed Experiments / $cMerry Jo. Parker, B. Thomas Carr.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11506M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11506M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe objective of a designed experiment is to determine the optimal level of a variable or combination of variables within the experimental range tested. Designed experiments obviate the need for JAR scales because there is a direct link between the experimental variables and consumer response. Experimental variables are generally product ingredients or components.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aCarr, B. Thomas, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11506M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11506M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aKeith, Joni L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAppendix X : Collecting Intensity and Hedonic Information Separately / $cGloria A. Gaskin, Joni L. Keith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 63 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11505M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11505M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis example utilizes attribute intensity data rather than Just About Right data in conjunction with Overall Liking in order to determine attribute intensities that maximize Overall Liking. For this example, previously published data were utilized [1]. By relating Overall Liking to attribute intensities on an attribute-by-attribute basis and on a product-by-product basis, information is gained regarding the drivers of Overall Liking. Simple linear regression can be used to determine an equation relating Overall Liking to attribute intensity (Overall Liking = b0 + b1 Attribute Intensity). The slope b1 measures importance. High values of b1 indicate an important attribute, while low values of b1 indicate an attribute that is less important in predicting Overall Liking [2].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aConsumer goods $xEvaluation $xStatistical methods $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aQuality of products $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aGaskin, Gloria A., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11505M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11505M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120699
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=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 9 : Future Developments in Elastic-Plastic Fracture Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 27 (May 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10670M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10670M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIT IS IMPOSSIBLE to predict the future, but new developments in elastic-plastic fracture toughness testing are so imminent that they need to be presented here. Several changes have been incorporated into the new E 1737 standard, which is a combination of Standards E 813-89 and E 1152-87 but with the addition of a test procedure for obtaining J-integral fracture toughness data in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElasticity.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPlasticity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10670M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10670M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120693
=020  \\$a0803120699
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 2 : Overview of Elastic-Plastic Fracture.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 27 (May 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10663M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10663M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aELASTIC-PLASTIC FRACTURE MECHANICS ( E P F M ) has developed from linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and attempts to eliminate the highly restrictive limits of that discipline so that a scientific method can be applied to structural applications for which low-strength, hightoughness materials are used. Early work by Wells (1961) was directed toward structural steels that were too tough to be characterized by LEFM. He proposed that the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) of a blunted crack was a characteristic of the material's toughness and that it could be used as a crack-tip-characterizing parameter for materials for which LEFM was not valid. A more complete discussion of the analytical background of the CTOD method can be found in Anderson (1991). Standard methods of CTOD testing were developed in Britain (Wells 1961), and improvement has continued, leading to the recent British Standard BS 5762 (1979) and ASTM standards E 1290-89 and E 1290- 93.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElasticity.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPlasticity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10663M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10663M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145344 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120693
=020  \\$a0803120699
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10667M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10667M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 6 : Basic Test Procedure.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 27 (May 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10667M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10667M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA SCHEMATIC OF THE APPARATUS needed for a basic test is shown in Fig. 19 (see Section 4). For the test used as an example here, the specimen is an HY80 structural steel alloy tested at room temperature as part of an E 813 multispecimen JIc investigation. In Fig. 26, the specimen is shown mounted in test clevises with the clip gage installed. In this case, the small-hole specimen (see Fig. 11, design for pin 0.188W, in Section 4) is used with spot-welded razor blade knife edges.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElasticity.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPlasticity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10667M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10667M.htm

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=008  170503c1996||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145344 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120693
=020  \\$a0803120699
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10669M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10669M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 8 : Qualification of the Test Results.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 27 (May 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10669M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10669M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN MOST FRACTURE TOUGHNESS test standards, the validity of the results of the test, i.e., JQ, JQc, ?Q, etc., would now be checked. Since the first fracture toughness standard (E 399), results could be considered nonvalid for two very different reasons. First, the data might not be of high enough quality: the crack front could be crooked, the precrack may not be of sufficient length, or the initial estimated crack length does not correspond to the result of the optical measurement. Second, the data were found not to satisfy the size requirements specified for the result to be considered, a KIc, a JIc, or whatever.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElasticity.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPlasticity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10669M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10669M.htm

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=008  170503c1996||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803120693
=020  \\$a0803120699
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10664M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10664M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 3 : Analysis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 27 (May 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10664M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10664M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWHILE THE PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVE of this manual is to describe experimental aspects of elastic-plastic fracture testing, it is still necessary to define the quantities that we are measuring by presenting the ASTM standard equations that are currently used. The J-integral of Rice (1968) is defined in terms of a path integral not easily measured experimentally. For simple bend-type specimens, however, a straightforward analysis has been developed to relate J to the area under the load versus load point displacement record. Two different equations are used to evaluate J in ASTM fracture standards, the first applicable when the amount of crack extension is small, while the second includes a correction for crack extension.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElasticity.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPlasticity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10664M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10664M.htm

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=008  170503c1996||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145344 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120693
=020  \\$a0803120699
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10668M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10668M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 7 : Advanced Test Procedure.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 27 (May 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10668M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10668M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE REQUIREMENTS imposed by an advanced or single specimen procedure have been enumerated in previous sections. If a carefully aligned load train is combined with a proper set of clevises and a well-machined specimen, most of the problems associated with single specimen compliance tests will not be observed. If a d-c electric potential system is used, a crack opening displacement transducer signal quality corresponding to the basic test procedure is fully adequate. A test system schematic for an unloading compliance test system is shown in Fig. 34, while the additions required for an electric potential system are shown in Fig. 35.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElasticity.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPlasticity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10668M.
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=245  00$aChapter 4 : Apparatus.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10665M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10665M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFIXTURES FOR LOADING STANDARD fracture toughness specimens are described carefully in all ASTM fracture standards. Requirements are also included for the alignment of the specimen in or on the loading fixtures for proper testing.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElasticity.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPlasticity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10665M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10665M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 5 : Specimen Preparation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 27 (May 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10666M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10666M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSPECIMEN DRAWINGS THAT include machining tolerances are provided for each specimen type in all ASTM fracture test standards. All tolerances are well within what is achievable with good machine shop practice. The most important tolerance in the SE(B) specimens is the parallelism of the loading surfaces, and, in the C(T) specimen, the corresponding pinhole alignment and parallelism. Surface finishes are generally not critical, especially when side grooves are used. The initial machined notch should be perpendicular to the plane of the pinhole center lines in the C(T) and DC(T) specimens. The initial machined notch and precrack combination must lie within an envelope as shown in Fig. 22. These notches can generally be cut with slitting saws that have been ground to a tip of radius on the order of 0.1 mm. Modern wire electric discharge machining (EDM) techniques now allow initial notch openings to be as narrow as 0.2 mm, and EDM slots can be substituted for the conventionally machined notches if desired.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElasticity.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPlasticity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10666M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10666M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 1 : Introduction.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 27 (May 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10662M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10662M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS MANUAL IS INTENDED to provide a background for developing elastic-plastic fracture toughness data in accordance with ASTM Test Method for J-Integral Characterization of Fracture Toughness (E 1737) and ASTM Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Fracture Toughness Measurement (E 1290). These standards provide the requirements for obtaining J-integral and CTOD quantities from laboratory tests; however, they provide little information on why certain requirements are imposed and how to carry out various aspects of the tests.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElasticity.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPlasticity.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10662M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10662M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTN871
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=245  00$aManual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 11-Physical Properties Data, Section 2, Part 5.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 15 (September 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11361M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11361M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis Revised Standard/Technical Publication is effective upon the date of publication and supersedes all previous revisions of the Standard/Technical Publication and API MPMS 11.2.2A/GPA TP-15. However, due to the nature of the changes in this Revised Standard/Technical Publication and the fact that it is or may be incorporated by reference in various regulations, it is recognized that guidance concerning an implementation period may be needed in order to avoid disruptions within the industry and ensure proper application. As a result, it is recommended that this Revised Standard/Technical Publication be utilized on all new and existing applications no later than TWO YEARS after the publication date. An application, for this purpose, is defined as the point where the calculation is applied.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xMeasurement $xStandards.
=650  \0$aFlow meters $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11361M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11361M.htm

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=245  00$aApplication of Results.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue DS71 (May 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12086D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12086D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE COMPLETION OF THE ISOCORRAG PROGRAM, together with the extensive analyses that have been carried out on the results, has closed some of the gaps in our knowledge in the field of atmospheric corrosion. This was accomplished by having a large-scale and well-defined program that covered both corrosion results and environmental data for a major portion of the Earth's surface. The primary goal of the ISOCORRAG Program was to have such a data set for the revision of the ISO atmospheric corrosivity classification system.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDeterioration.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12086D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12086D.htm

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=245  00$aExperimental.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue DS71 (May 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12083D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12083D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThirteen countries participated in the exposure program with a total of 53 exposure sites. These sites included industrial, urban, rural, marine, and costal locations in temperate, tropical, and arctic zones. A list of the sites together with their designations and characterizations is given in Table 1. A world map showing the approximate location of these sites is shown in Figure 2. The organizations responsible for these sites are listed in Table 2.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDeterioration.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12083D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12083D.htm

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=245  00$aResults.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue DS71 (May 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12084D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12084D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe results of the sulfur dioxide measurements are shown in Table 7. The time of wetness values were determined from the relative humidity results using the procedure shown in ISO 9223, where wetness is assumed whenever the relative humidity is above 80% and the temperature is above 0C. The values shown in Table 8 are in hours per year. The chloride deposition rates were determined from the wet candle technique and are shown in Table 9 as mg NaCl /m2 day.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDeterioration.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12084D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12084D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aAnalyses of Results and Summary.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue DS71 (May 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL12085D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL12085D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PRIMARY METHODS OF THE DATA ANALYSES performed were introduced in the Experimental chapter of this book. The results of this program have been used in many publications covering specific issues that arose from this study. A partial list of these papers is given below to assist researchers in locating these publications.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xDeterioration.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL12085D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL12085D.htm

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=008  170503c1970||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803101371 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803108134
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11911D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11911D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA485
=082  04$a620.1/696/072073$223
=100  1\$aSimmons, Ward F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCompilation of Chemical Compositions and Rupture Strengths of Superalloys / $cWard F. Simmons.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1970.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1970, Issue DS9E (January 1970)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11911D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11911D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis compilation lists the name, nominal chemical composition, and characteristic rupture strengths for rupture in 100 and 1000 hours, and identifies the patentee, assignee, or developer for approximately 235 domestic and 180 foreign alloys. Stress versus temperature curves for rupture in 1000 hours are given for selected alloys. The compilation includes the ferritic (martensitic) superalloys and age-hardening stainless steels. It does not include the conventional AISI 300 or 400 series stainless steels.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1970. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAlloys.
=650  \0$aHeat resistant alloys.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11911D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11911D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL704.7
=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aChapter IX Additive Effects on Thermal Oxidation Stability.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10010M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10010M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b27.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOne of the first proposals to improve the thermal oxidation stability of aviation turbine fuels was the use of additives [1-4]. Initial work focused on antioxidants which had demonstrated useful performance for storage stability of other petroleum products-gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oils. Modest, if any, benefits were found for the conventional hindered phenols and amines. Another class of additives, dispersants, exerted significant improvement in filter tests in the ASTM Coker or similar devices. Filtration times were extended from 200 to 800% for some additive/fuel combinations. Some fuels did not respond to dispersants, however. Further, dispersants interfere with separation of water from fuels. These initial results encouraged scientists to follow the promising leads, and research on defining the role of additives continues to the present.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10010M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10010M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL704.7
=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aChapter VII Reduction of Deposit Formation by Removal of Dissolved Oxygen.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10008M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10008M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn previous chapters of this book, we developed the information that the dissolved oxygen in the fuel institutes reactions which lead to deposit formation. Specifically in Chapter VI, we showed that the dissolved oxygen forms fuel hydroperoxides which are intimately involved in deposit formation. The removal of oxygen has been proposed as a method to improve the thermal stability of a fuel. In particular, this would enable the fuel to stand a more severe stress (higher temperature and/or longer stress time) without forming an unacceptable amount of deposit.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10008M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10008M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aChapter V Physical Effects on Thermal Stability.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (21 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10006M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10006M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b42.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPhysical factors play a major role in the phenomena involved in the formation and deposition of fuel-insoluble material. Temperature is the most important of these factors and will be dealt with in some depth. Other physical parameters to be discussed include system pressure, flow regime, heat transfer, deposit morphology and physical characteristics, and surface roughness of the test section. In addition, some recent efforts in modeling the overall process of thermal oxidation stability will be addressed in this chapter although the models include chemical as well as physical effects. The variety of equipment used in thermal stability work and the multiplicity of goals behind this type of research may explain the different results and conclusions reached by different investigators. If a reasonable explanation can resolve a difference in results, this will be presented.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10006M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10006M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aChapter III Simulators and Large-Scale Rigs.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10004M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10004M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe specification devices discussed in Chapter II provide limited details on thermal oxidation with respect to aircraft design and operation. Much additional information is needed to design an aircraft system, select materials, and define thermal limitations. The specification testers are inadequate because they (a) operate at elevated temperatures to reduce test time, (b) minimize fuel consumption by reducing flow rate and test time, and (c) incorporate only one or two simple, generic parts in the stress portion of the device.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10004M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10004M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aChapter IV Research Tests and Devices.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10005M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10005M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b44.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMany devices have been constructed and used to examine various parameters of thermal oxidation stability. Tools for defining fuel quality for specification purposes have been discussed in Chapter II, and simulators and large-scale devices have been described in Chapter III. The devices dealt with in this chapter have been used in many extensive research programs. Although the distinction is somewhat arbitrary, the devices described in this chapter are generally less complicated and smaller than those presented in Chapter III. In consequence, it has been possible to conduct research programs requiring extensive changes in experimental conditions with modest amounts of fuel and within reasonable time frames.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10005M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10005M.htm

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=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aChapter VIII Metal Effects on Thermal Stability.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10009M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10009M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b32.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe effects of trace organic components on the thermal stability of fuels have been demonstrated in previous chapters. This chapter will deal with materials which exert effects at much lower concentrations, parts per billion (ppb) rather than parts per million (ppm). Metals dissolved in jet fuel are effective at these low concentrations because they are acting as catalysts for one or more of the chemical reactions involved in the sequence of insolubles formation. Metals are a fact of life for jet fuels, however, since refinery equipment, transportation equipment, storage tanks, and aircraft fuel systems are constructed from metals. In many cases the metals are chosen for these uses on the basis of material properties and economy rather than possible degradation of thermal oxidation stability or other important fuel properties.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10009M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10009M.htm

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=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aChapter XI Research and Development Goals for Future Aircraft Fuels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10012M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10012M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b32.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe vast network of international airlines and routes has developed as jet engines have been designed, upgraded, and perfected. Along with this remarkable improvement in power plants has been an accompanying growth in the use of petroleum and, in particular, the use of aviation turbine fuel. As we look to the future, what fuels will be important to the aviation industry? Further, what problems can we foresee with respect to thermal stability in the coming years?.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10012M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10012M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803112483
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL704.7
=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aChapter XII Summary of Thermal Stability.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10013M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10013M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWe have seen in the previous chapters that thermal oxidation stability of jet fuels has a history stretching back 35 years. In fact, this fuel property demonstrated its importance soon after jet engines were installed on a significant scale as aircraft power plants. This chapter will highlight that history and make some recommendations to guide future programs in thermal stability.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10013M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10013M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter X High Temperature Requirements.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10011M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10011M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA modern jet aircraft has many cooling requirements-lubricant, engine avionics, engine hydraulics, fuel nozzles, airframe environmental control, and hot sections. For a subsonic or low supersonic vehicle, the air can provide a substantial portion of the cooling [1]. However, at higher velocities the cooling loads become greater and the ram air temperature rises rapidly. The fuel is utilized to make up the difference and is the primary heat sink above Mach 3. Air can still make a contribution for cooling the engine's hot sections in the Mach 3 to 4 range, but this capability diminishes and is not important above Mach 4.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10011M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10011M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter II Specification Methods and Limits.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10003M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10003M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe importance of thermal oxidation led to the realization that fuels must be qualified in order to meet the thermal requirements for use in jet aircraft. This property is controlled by the composition of the fuel, including fuel additives and contaminants, and by the exposure conditions in an aircraft fuel system.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10003M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10003M.htm

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=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aChapter I Introduction.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1991.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1991, Issue 1 (January 1991)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10002M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10002M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn the formative years of gas turbine engine development, it was thought that the engine could run on most liquid fuels. It was soon realized, however, that much better performance could be obtained if fuel properties were restricted. The number of properties specified increased over the years, and today's aviation gas turbine fuels must meet a long list of requirements. In fact, our current jet engine fuels have the most extensive specifications of all hydrocarbon-based fuels.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1991. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel.
=650  \0$aFuel $xOxidation.
=650  \0$aFuel $xThermal properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10002M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10002M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.1/1/08$223
=100  1\$aPesut, R. N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Cooperative Study of the Precision of Sampling Stacks for Particulates and Collected Residue / $cJ. E. Howes, R. N. Pesut, J. F. Foster.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1975.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (152 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1975, Issue DS55S5S6S8 (June 1975)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11981D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11981D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn 1971 in recognition of the important relationship between the measurement and the effective control of air pollution, Committee D-22 of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) initiated a pioneering program, designated Project Threshold, to validate methods for measuring contaminants in the ambient atmosphere and in emissions from individual sources. The first phase of the program was devoted to evaluation of methods for measuring the content of nitrogen dioxide (D 1607-69), sulfur dioxide (D 2914-70T), dustfall (D 1739-70), total sulfation (D 2010-65), particulate matter (D 1704-61), and lead (D 3112) in the atmosphere (1-6)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1975. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAir $xPollution $xMeasurement.
=700  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHowes, J. E., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11981D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11981D.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803103870
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11982D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11982D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.1/1/08$223
=100  1\$aPesut, R. N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Cooperative Study of the Precision and Accuracy of the Determination of Oxides of Nitrogen in Gaseous Combustion Products (Phenol Disulfonic Acid Procedure) Using ASTM Method D 1608-60 / $cJ. E. Howes, R. N. Pesut, J. F. Foster.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1975.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (111 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1975, Issue DS55S5S6S8 (June 1975)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11982D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11982D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn 1971 in recognition of the important relationship between the measurement and the effective control of air pollution, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) initiated a pioneering program, designated Project Threshold, to validate methods for measuring contaminants in the ambient atmosphere and in source emissions. The first phase of the program was devoted to evaluation of methods for measuring the content of nitrogen dioxide (D 1607-69), sulfur dioxide (D 2914-70T), dustfull (D 1739-70), total sulfation (D 2010-65), particulate matter (D 1704-61), and lead (D 3112) in the atmosphere (1-5)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1975. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAir $xPollution $xMeasurement.
=700  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHowes, J. E., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11982D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11982D.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803103870
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11980D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11980D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.1/1/08$223
=100  1\$aHowes, J. E., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Cooperative Study of the Precision and Accuracy of the Measurement of Lead in the Atmosphere Using the Colorimetric Dithizone Procedure / $cJ. F. Foster, G. H. Beatty, J. E. Howes.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1975.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (79 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1975, Issue DS55S5S6S8 (June 1975)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11980D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11980D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report presents the results obtained from an experimental study of the accuracy and precision of measurements of particulate and vaporous lead using a colorimetric dithizone procedure as described in ASTM Method D-3112. Measurements of lead concentration in spiked and unspiked atmospheric air samples were performed by eight participating laboratories at three test sites: Los Angeles, California; Bloomington, Indiana; and New York, New York. The first series of field tests were conducted at the University of Southern California on August 1521, 1971; the second series of field tests were conducted at Indiana University on October 2430, 1971; and the third series of field tests were conducted at Cooper Union (New York City), on January 915, 1972. All measurements were made according to a tentative ASTM method for lead in the atmosphere from which ASTM Method D 3112 evolved.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1975. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAir $xPollution $xMeasurement.
=700  1\$aBeatty, G. H., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11980D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11980D.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803105294
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11927D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11927D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.1/1/08$223
=100  1\$aSerpan, C. Z., $eauthor.
=245  10$aNuclear Reactor Neutron Energy Spectra / $cC. Z. Serpan, B. H. Menke.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (213 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS52 (April 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11927D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11927D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b35.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aStudies of the effects resulting from exposure of materials to neutron bombardment in nuclear reactors can be made much more quantitative if the energy-level distribution of the neutrons is known. Such a distribution is commonly called a neutron spectrum. The neutron energies range from as low as 1  1010 MeV in the thermal-neutron region, to over 18 MeV in the fast region. This extremely wide range can be conveniently handled, however, using a system of 25 or even fewer groups each defining a precise energy range, with the neutron population within those energy bounds being tabulated as the neutron spectrum.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xTables.
=650  \0$aNuclear physics $xTables.
=650  \0$aNeutrons $xSpectra.
=700  1\$aMenke, B. H., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11927D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11927D.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA460
=082  04$a620.1/6/6$223
=245  00$aM-252.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1968.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1968, Issue DS7S1 (July 1968)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11891D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11891D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1968. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $xTesting $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFracture $xCongresses.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11895D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11895D.htm

=LDR  03053nam  2200673 i 4500
=001  MNL432014001219
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001219$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001219$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 19 : Dealing with Nonscope Issues in Phase II Assessments.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001219
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001219".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter reviews and summarizes some of the many issues that are an integral part of Phase II ESAs and are not specifically addressed by or included in the scope of the E1903 Standard. Previous chapters provide several specific examples that demonstrate practical applications of the concepts outlined in this chapter.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNonscope.
=650  \0$aLegal risk.
=650  \0$aSubcontracting.
=650  \0$aRecommendations.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$anonscope.
=653  20$alegal risk.
=653  20$asubcontracting.
=653  20$arecommendations.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001219.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001219.htm

=LDR  03178nam  2200697 i 4500
=001  MNL432014001214
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001214$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001214$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 14 : Contracts.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001214
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001214".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we discuss numerous contractual issues associated with Phase II ESAs. Through case studies, we demonstrate some of the reporting and subcontracting complications that may arise from inadequate contractual arrangements with the client. We also discuss some of the contractual responsibilities of users and consultants and how some of the issues may affect the outcome of the Phase II assessments.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aContracts.
=650  \0$aLiability.
=650  \0$aSubcontractors.
=650  \0$aWaste ownership.
=650  \0$aReporting obligations.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$acontracts.
=653  20$asubcontractors.
=653  20$aliability.
=653  20$awaste ownership.
=653  20$areporting obligations.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001214.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001214.htm

=LDR  03315nam  2200673 i 4500
=001  MNL432014001215
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001215$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001215$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 15 : Developing the Scope of Work : Work Plans.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001215
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001215".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we address some of the issues associated with the preparations of work plans during the Phase II ESAs. We draw a distinction among proposals for a scope of work, contracts, and the detailed approach of work plans. We discuss tasks that need to be considered when preparing a work plan. On the basis of the same principles that are listed and described in the E1903 Standard, these tasks can be presented to the user in various formats, depending on the particulars of the commercial real estate transaction and the user's needs.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aWork plans.
=650  \0$aSafety plan.
=650  \0$aData quality objectives.
=650  \0$aDistribution of contaminants.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$awork plans.
=653  20$adistribution of contaminants.
=653  20$adata quality objectives.
=653  20$asafety plan.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001215.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001215.htm

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=001  MNL432014001217
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001217$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001217$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 17 : Validation Process and Interpretation of the Results.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001217
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001217".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we learn about the scientific approach to evaluation of data to enable the consultants to interpret the results of exploration and sampling activities of Phase II ESAs to form sound, scientifically based opinions. We describe the distinction between the QA and QC functions and described the individual validations steps that the consultants must complete during the evaluation process before interpreting the data. We discuss and give examples of unexpected results and their potential implications on the consultant's ability to meet the goals of the Phase II assessments.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aData validation.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aResults interpretation.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$adata validation.
=653  20$aresults interpretation.
=653  20$aquality control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001217.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001217.htm

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=001  MNL432014001203
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001203$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001203$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 3 : Significance and Use of E1527.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001203
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001203".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we learn about varied applications of the standard, some of which extend beyond the scope of CERCLA. We discuss how the user's needs drive the application of the Standard. We review the relationship of the TS, AAI, and Phase I ESAs. We talk about the principles driving the application of the Phase I standard, noting the limited shelf life of the reports. We learn that contractual issues are not included in the scope of E1527.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aTen criteria.
=650  \0$aMaterial threat.
=650  \0$aTransaction screen.
=650  \0$aReasonably ascertainable.
=650  \0$aAll appropriate inquiries.
=650  \0$aEnvironmental professional.
=650  \0$aInnocent landowner defense.
=650  \0$aLandowner liability protections.
=650  \0$aRecognized environmental conditions.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$ainnocent landowner defense.
=653  20$alandowner liability protections.
=653  20$aCERCLA.
=653  20$aall appropriate inquiries.
=653  20$aAAI.
=653  20$aenvironmental professional.
=653  20$areasonably ascertainable.
=653  20$arecognized environmental conditions.
=653  20$aREC.
=653  20$amaterial threat.
=653  20$atransaction screen.
=653  20$aten criteria.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001203.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001203.htm

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=001  MNL432014001206
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001206$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001206$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 6 : Site Reconnaissance.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001206
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001206".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we review several practical implications of E1527 Section 9 on site reconnaissance. We point out EPs' reporting responsibilities associated with general site setting and exterior and interior observations. We address some of the documentation issues and discuss the role of photography as a documentation tool during Phase I ESAs.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLimiting conditions.
=650  \0$aSite reconnaissance.
=650  \0$aAdjoining properties.
=650  \0$aGeneral site setting.
=650  \0$aExterior observations.
=650  \0$aInterior observations.
=650  \0$aVisually and physically observed.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$asite reconnaissance.
=653  20$alimiting conditions.
=653  20$avisually and physically observed.
=653  20$aexterior observations.
=653  20$ainterior observations.
=653  20$ageneral site setting.
=653  20$aadjoining properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001206.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001206.htm

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=001  MNL432014001208
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001208$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001208$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 8 : Interviews.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001208
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001208".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we learn about the requirements of E1527 with respect to conducting interviews. We talk about the timing and coordination of the requirements in a manner that enables the EPs to maximize the efficiency of the process. We discuss the applicability of the E1528 Transaction Screen process in assisting the EPs in developing a systematic approach toward the interviewing and documentation process. The need to conduct interviews with knowledgeable state or local government officials is also discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOccupants.
=650  \0$aOperators.
=650  \0$aInterviews.
=650  \0$aPast owners.
=650  \0$aActual knowledge.
=650  \0$aKey site manager.
=650  \0$aHelpful documents.
=650  \0$aAbandoned property.
=650  \0$aAbandoned properties.
=650  \0$aContent of interviews.
=650  \0$aResidential occupants.
=650  \0$aAll appropriate inquiries.
=650  \0$aState and local governments.
=650  \0$aTransaction screen questionnaire.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$ainterviews.
=653  20$akey site manager.
=653  20$apast owners.
=653  20$aoccupants.
=653  20$aoperators.
=653  20$aabandoned property.
=653  20$aabandoned properties.
=653  20$aall appropriate inquiries.
=653  20$aHelpful documents.
=653  20$aresidential occupants.
=653  20$acontent of interviews.
=653  20$atransaction screen questionnaire.
=653  20$aactual knowledge.
=653  20$astate and local governments.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001208.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001208.htm

=LDR  03346nam  2200709 i 4500
=001  MNL432014001201
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001201$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001201$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 1 : Scope of Phase I Environmental Site Assessments.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001201
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001201".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we provide a brief history of the Phase I standard, discuss the effect of the Brownfields Amendments and AAI, and introduce some of the terminology used in the standard. We limit our discussion to just four types of players in the Phase I ESA: the lender, the buyer, the EP, and the regulator. We identify the scope of the standard and how it can be applied to establishing the scope of work with your client. Finally, we also touch on some of the limitations of the standard.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBrownfields Amendments.
=650  \0$aAll Appropriate Inquiries.
=650  \0$aEnvironmental professional.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$aASTM.
=653  20$aE1527.
=653  20$a1527.
=653  20$aCERCLA.
=653  20$aBrownfields Amendments.
=653  20$aLLP.
=653  20$aAll Appropriate Inquiries.
=653  20$aenvironmental professional.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001201.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001201.htm

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=001  MNL432014001218
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=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001218$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL432014001218$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 18 : Phase II ESA Report.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001218
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001218".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, it is noted that the 2011 E1903 Standard now requires a written report. We review the optional format that the standard provides and discuss various aspects related to the individual components of the report.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReport.
=650  \0$aOptions.
=650  \0$aLong format.
=650  \0$aShort format.
=650  \0$aRequired elements.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$areport.
=653  20$aoptions.
=653  20$ashort format.
=653  20$along format.
=653  20$arequired elements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001218.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001218.htm

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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001213$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001213$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 13 : Application and Uses of E1903.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001213
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001213".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we expand our understanding of the wide variety of user objectives that can be met with the Phase II ESA. We present a series of case studies and examples that demonstrate that a thorough understanding of objectives, needs, limitations, and requirements is crucial in the determination of the appropriate scope of the work.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aUses.
=650  \0$aApplication.
=650  \0$aLimitations.
=650  \0$aScientific method.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$aapplication.
=653  20$auses.
=653  20$ascientific method.
=653  20$alimitations.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001213.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001213.htm

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=001  MNL432014001209
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001209$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001209$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 9 : Report Preparation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001209
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001209".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we discuss issues associated with preparation of Phase I ESA reports. We stress the importance of a scientific approach to evaluation of data and review the concepts of findings, conclusions, opinions, and recommendations. We touch on some of the required elements of E1527, including additional investigation, data gaps, deviations, and professional statements, and we discuss some of the documentation issues facing the EPs.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aScope of services.
=650  \0$aReport preparation.
=650  \0$aResponsible charge.
=650  \0$aUser questionnaire.
=650  \0$aUser responsibilities.
=650  \0$aNonscope considerations.
=650  \0$aReasonably ascertainable.
=650  \0$aRecognized environmental conditions.
=650  \0$aApproximate minimum search distances.
=650  \0$aControlled recognized environmental conditions.
=650  \0$aHistorical recognized environmental conditions.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$areport preparation.
=653  20$areasonably ascertainable.
=653  20$arecognized environmental conditions.
=653  20$ahistorical recognized environmental conditions.
=653  20$acontrolled recognized environmental conditions.
=653  20$aresponsible charge.
=653  20$auser responsibilities.
=653  20$auser questionnaire.
=653  20$aapproximate minimum search distances.
=653  20$ascope of services.
=653  20$anonscope considerations.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001209.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001209.htm

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=001  MNL432014001202
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001202$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001202$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 2 : Speaking the Language : Terminology.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001202
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001202".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we learn the importance of using the terminology defined by the standards. We learn that the terms defined in the Terminology section of the standard are an integral part of the Phase I ESA and are critical to understanding E1527. We demonstrate the importance of appropriate terminology in the practical application of E1527. We identify additional ASTM sources of information and terminology associated with the Phase I ESA.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDe minimis.
=650  \0$aRecognized environmental condition.
=650  \0$aControlled recognized environmental condition.
=650  \0$aHistorical recognized environmental condition.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$arecognized environmental condition.
=653  20$aREC.
=653  20$ahistorical recognized environmental condition.
=653  20$aHREC.
=653  20$acontrolled recognized environmental condition.
=653  20$aCREC.
=653  20$ade minimis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001202.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001202.htm

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=001  MNL432014001210
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001210$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001210$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 10 : Dealing with the Nonscope Issues.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001210
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001210".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we talk about some of the nonscope issues associated with Phase I ESAs. We point out that many issues may be regulated by other standards or agencies, or both. We look at how tasks that may be specific to the user or to the transaction can be combined with but addressed separately in the report to minimize confusion. We also discuss choices of how recommendations can be provided to the users.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAsbestos.
=650  \0$aRecommendations.
=650  \0$aVapor intrusion.
=650  \0$aVapor migration.
=650  \0$aNonscope consideration.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$anonscope consideration.
=653  20$aasbestos.
=653  20$avapor migration.
=653  20$avapor intrusion.
=653  20$arecommendations.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001210.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001210.htm

=LDR  03946nam  2200889 i 4500
=001  MNL432014001205
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001205$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001205$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 5 : Records Review.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001205
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001205".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we review the mandatory and nonmandatory records research elements associated with Phase I ESAs. We discuss the federal and state records research, physical setting research, and historical research of E1527. We look at some of the limitations and options the EPs have in meeting the requirements of the standard.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aData failure.
=650  \0$aAgency file review.
=650  \0$aPublicly available.
=650  \0$aSignificant data gap.
=650  \0$aMinimum search distance.
=650  \0$aPhysical setting source.
=650  \0$aReasonable time and cost.
=650  \0$aReasonably ascertainable.
=650  \0$aRecognized environmental condition.
=650  \0$aHistorical research first developed use.
=650  \0$aControlled recognized environmental condition.
=650  \0$aHistorical recognized environmental condition.
=650  \0$aPractically reviewable.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$areasonably ascertainable.
=653  20$apractically reviewable.
=653  20$apublicly available.
=653  20$areasonable time and cost.
=653  20$asignificant data gap.
=653  20$aminimum search distance.
=653  20$aagency file review.
=653  20$arecognized environmental condition.
=653  20$ahistorical recognized environmental condition.
=653  20$acontrolled recognized environmental condition.
=653  20$aphysical setting source.
=653  20$ahistorical research first developed use.
=653  20$adata failure.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001205.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001205.htm

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=001  MNL432014001204
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001204$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001204$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 4 : Responsibilities.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001204
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001204".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we review some of the responsibilities the users have in providing applicable information to the EP. We review the definition of the EP and consider some of the general responsibilities of the EP. We identify that the primary responsibility of the EP is to conduct the Phase I ESA. This responsibility involves thorough knowledge and appropriate application of the E1527 Standard Practice.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aUser.
=650  \0$aUsers.
=650  \0$aEP definition.
=650  \0$aWindfall lien.
=650  \0$aKey site manager.
=650  \0$aHelpful documents.
=650  \0$aResponsible charge.
=650  \0$aUser questionnaire.
=650  \0$aEnvironmental liens.
=650  \0$aRelevant experience.
=650  \0$aEngineering controls.
=650  \0$aInstitutional controls.
=650  \0$aEnvironmental professional.
=650  \0$aActivity and use limitations.
=650  \0$aBona fide prospective purchaser.
=650  \0$aEnvironmental professional definition.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$auser.
=653  20$ausers.
=653  20$aenvironmental professional.
=653  20$aEP.
=653  20$aactivity and use limitations.
=653  20$aAUL.
=653  20$ainstitutional controls.
=653  20$aengineering controls.
=653  20$abona fide prospective purchaser.
=653  20$aBFPP.
=653  20$aenvironmental liens.
=653  20$awindfall lien.
=653  20$auser questionnaire.
=653  20$ahelpful documents.
=653  20$akey site manager.
=653  20$aenvironmental professional definition.
=653  20$aEP definition.
=653  20$arelevant experience.
=653  20$aresponsible charge.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001204.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001204.htm

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=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001211$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001211$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 11 : Scope of Phase II Environmental Site Assessment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001211
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001211".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we learn that E1903 changed in 2011 from a standard guide to a standard practice. This represents a significant change to the way in which the ESAs are conducted. The scoping process enables the consultant and the user to establish a mutually acceptable process that is based on scientific principles. The consultant designs the process. A thorough understanding of the objectives, needs, limitations, and requirements is crucial in the determination of the appropriate scope of the work. In this chapter, we introduce the potential diversity of Phase II ESAs, which will be further demonstrated by examples and case studies in the subsequent chapters.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPhase II ESI.
=650  \0$aPhase II Scope.
=650  \0$aPhase II assessor.
=650  \0$aStandard practice.
=650  \0$aPhase II objectives.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$aphase II ESI.
=653  20$aphase II assessor.
=653  20$aphase II Scope.
=653  20$aphase II objectives.
=653  20$astandard practice.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001211.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001211.htm

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=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001207$2doi
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 7 : Safety and Health.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001207
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001207".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, safety and health issues associated with site investigations are discussed. The importance of appropriate training that stresses the protection of personnel and not just following the regulations is emphasized. The two most likely regulations (HAZWOPER and RCRA) to be of interest are indicated. The types and importance of SOPs are also discussed. Items for inclusion in site safety plans are provided for reference. Also discussed is the difficulty with initial site entry due to unknown hazards and risks. The main focus of any health and safety plan is to protect human health. The consultant performing operations on a site is responsible for the safety of others.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aTraining.
=650  \0$aAssessment safety.
=650  \0$aSafety and health plan.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$aassessment safety.
=653  20$aOSHA.
=653  20$asafety and health plan.
=653  20$atraining.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001207.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001207.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001212$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001212$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 12 : Expanding the Environmental Vocabulary.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001212
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001212".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we discuss the standardized terminology defined in E1903. We learn that the Phase II ESAs may involve numerous issues regulated by other standards or by federal, state, or local regulations. We identified numerous sources of related environmental terminology and introduced some of the assessment standards specifically referenced in E1903.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aTerminology.
=650  \0$aPhase II assessor.
=650  \0$aScientific method.
=650  \0$aLikely release area.
=650  \0$aConceptual site model.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$aterminology.
=653  20$aPhase II assessor.
=653  20$ascientific method.
=653  20$aconceptual site model.
=653  20$alikely release area.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001212.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001212.htm

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=001  MNL432014001216
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2015||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170674 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170438
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL432014001216$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL432014001216$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD1050.R57
=082  04$a363.7/02$223
=245  00$aChapter 16 : Assessment Activities.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2015.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2015, Issue 43 (May 2015)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL432014001216
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL432014001216".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn this chapter, we discuss issues associated with assessment activities. We consider some of the advantages and disadvantages of field screening compared with laboratory analysis. We learned that Phase II ESAs may include field screening and laboratory analysis. We identify the vast array of ASTM and non-ASTM Standards and referenced other documents that may become applicable or useful materials for the assessment activities portion of Phase II ESAs.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2015. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aField screening.
=650  \0$aSample analysis.
=650  \0$aSample collection.
=650  \0$aLaboratory analysis.
=650  \0$aField analytical techniques.
=650  \0$aHazardous waste sites.
=650  \0$aGroundwater $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSoils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aSoils $xClassification.
=650  \0$aEngineering geology $xStandards $zUnited States.
=653  10$afield screening.
=653  20$afield analytical techniques.
=653  20$asample collection.
=653  20$asample analysis.
=653  20$alaboratory analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL432014001216.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL432014001216.htm

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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170780 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170773
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNLDS67D20160008$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNLDS67D20160008$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA472
=082  04$a620.1/70218$223
=245  00$aWrought Stainless Steels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (174 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue DS67D (March 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM data series ; $vMNLDS67D20160008
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNLDS67D20160008".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSteel $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. ASTM data series ; $vMNLDS67D20160008.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNLDS67D20160008.htm

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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170780 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170773
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNLDS67D20160001$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNLDS67D20160001$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA472
=082  04$a620.1/70218$223
=245  00$aIntroduction to Comparing World Steel Standards.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue DS67D (March 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM data series ; $vMNLDS67D20160001
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNLDS67D20160001".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWhen comparing steel standards from different national and international standard development organizations (SDOs), there is no such thing as equivalent steel standards. At best, one may be able to group comparable steel standards together based on some defined set of rules, which has been done in this handbook. For example, ASTM A516/A516M Grade 70 is comparable to JIS G3118 symbol SGV 480 and to EN 10028-2 steel name P295GH, based on chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and application. Yet they are not equivalent because there are differences in all three standards. Comparing steel standards is not an exact science and cannot be made into a mathematical equation where two sides of an equation are equal to one another because there will always be differences among standards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $xStandards.
=650  \0$aSteel $xStandards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. ASTM data series ; $vMNLDS67D20160001.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNLDS67D20160001.htm

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=008  170503c2016||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170780 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170773
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNLDS67D20160007$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNLDS67D20160007$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA472
=082  04$a620.1/70218$223
=245  00$aSteel Castings.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2016.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (48 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2016, Issue DS67D (March 2016)
=490  1\$aASTM data series ; $vMNLDS67D20160007
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNLDS67D20160007".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2016. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=100  1\$aWhite, E. W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aX-Ray Emission Wavelengths and Kev Tables for Nondiffractive Analysis / $cG. G. Johnson, E. W. White.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1970.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1970, Issue DS46 (April 1970)
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11838D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
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=520  3\$aRecently developed, high-resolution X-ray detectors such as lithium-drifted silicon and germanium have resulted in widespread application of nondiffractive (also called nondispersive) analysis as an alternative or complementary technique to X-ray emission spectrography (X-ray fluorescence analysis). This table has been prepared for use in nondiffractive analyses. All the X-ray emission lines shorter than 50 * have been tabulated in two basic arrangements. The first section of the table is a compilation of each line for each element arranged on the basis of increasing atomic number and increasing wavelength (decreasing energy) for the lines of each element. The second section of the table lists all the X-ray lines ordered on the basis of increasing wavelength (decreasing energy) regardless of element.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1970. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \0$aX-ray spectroscopy $xTables.
=650  \0$aX-ray spectroscopy.
=700  1\$aJohnson, G. G., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11838D.
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=245  00$aImportance of Elemental Analysis of Fossil Fuels.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 10 (March 2014)
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO102012000502".
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=520  3\$aA large number of inorganic elements are present in crude oil, coal, and oil shale materials. Many of them are detrimental to humans and the environment. The effects of these elements are discussed, as well as their fate after fuel utilization. Several other elements are purposely added to petroleum lubricants to enhance their performance in engines.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=650  \0$aSulfur.
=650  \0$aMercury.
=650  \0$aAdditives.
=650  \0$aTrace elements.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=653  10$atrace elements.
=653  20$amercury.
=653  20$asulfur.
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=245  00$aElemental Analysis of Process Catalysts.
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=520  3\$aPercent levels of metals, often precious metals, are present in the reforming catalysts used in petroleum refining operations. Assay of such catalysts is a high-cost operation. Atomic spectroscopy or X-ray fluorescence methods are used for such analysis.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=650  \0$aCatalysts.
=650  \0$aPrecious metal analysis.
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=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=653  10$acatalysts.
=653  20$aprecious metal analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO102012001512.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO102012001512.htm

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=008  170503c2014||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170452 (e-ISBN)
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=030  \\$aASTMMO
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a662.6$223
=245  00$aBasic Protocols of Elemental Analysis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (85 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 10 (March 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO102012000704
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO102012000704".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b28.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBasic tenets of analysis such as sampling, instrument calibrations, instrument operations, statistical quality control, and proficiency testing are discussed. Total quality management and good laboratory practices are emphasized.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSampling.
=650  \0$aCalibration.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aTotal quality management.
=650  \0$aGood laboratory practices.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=653  10$acalibration.
=653  20$asampling.
=653  20$aquality control.
=653  20$agood laboratory practices.
=653  20$atotal quality management.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO102012000704.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO102012000704.htm

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=008  170503c2014||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a662.6$223
=245  00$aElemental Analysis of Gaseous Fuels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 10 (March 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO102012001613
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO102012001613".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aElements present in gaseous fuels are mostly organic molecules. Little of inorganic matter is present in them other than gaseous sulfur species. A number of methods have been developed for such sulfur compounds in gaseous fuels.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSulfur.
=650  \0$aMercaptans.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=650  \0$aGaseous fuels.
=650  \0$aHydrogen sulfide.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=653  10$asulfur.
=653  20$amercaptans.
=653  20$ahydrogen sulfide.
=653  20$agaseous fuels.
=653  20$anatural gas.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO102012001613.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO102012001613.htm

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=008  170503c2014||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170452 (e-ISBN)
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO102012001411$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a662.6$223
=245  00$aElemental Analysis of Other Petroleum Products.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 10 (March 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO102012001411
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO102012001411".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aElemental analysis of miscellaneous petroleum products such as fuel oils, base oils, petroleum coke, used oils, general gas oils, etc. is discussed. Data from ASTM proficiency testing is used to illustrate the applications of various techniques for these analyses.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBase oils.
=650  \0$aFuel oils.
=650  \0$aUsed oils.
=650  \0$aPetroleum coke.
=650  \0$aElemental analysis.
=650  \0$aProficiency testing.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=653  10$afuel oils.
=653  20$apetroleum coke.
=653  20$abase oils.
=653  20$aused oils.
=653  20$aelemental analysis.
=653  20$aproficiency testing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO102012001411.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO102012001411.htm

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=008  170503c2014||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170452 (e-ISBN)
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a662.6$223
=245  00$aElemental Analysis of Lubricating Greases.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 10 (March 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO102012001310
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO102012001310".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCertain specific metals are added to greases to maintain their engine mechanical performance. The analysis for these metals in greases using atomic spectroscopic techniques is described.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGreases.
=650  \0$aElemental analysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating greases.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=653  10$agreases.
=653  20$alubricating greases.
=653  20$aelemental analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO102012001310.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO102012001310.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2014||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170452 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170445
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO102012001815$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO102012001815$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a662.6$223
=245  00$aProficiency Testing Programs for Elemental Analysis of Fuels and Lubricants.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 10 (March 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO102012001815
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO102012001815".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aASTM proficiency testing programs are described in this chapter. More than 20 petroleum products are analyzed quarterly through such programs and more than 2,500 laboratories participate in such programs worldwide. Data is analyzed using standard statistics and distributed to laboratory participants. The protocols of this program and examples of comparative analysis are illustrated.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuels.
=650  \0$aLubricants.
=650  \0$aElemental analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products.
=650  \0$aProficiency testing.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=653  10$aproficiency testing.
=653  20$apetroleum products.
=653  20$alubricants.
=653  20$aelemental analysis.
=653  20$afuels.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO102012001815.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO102012001815.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2014||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170452 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170445
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO102012001714$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO102012001714$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a662.6$223
=245  00$aElemental Analysis of Biofuels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (43 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 10 (March 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO102012001714
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO102012001714".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b22.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBiofuels used as alternative fuelsethanol-fuel and biodieselsometimes offer a challenge in elemental analysis using test methods primarily developed for petroleum products. Modifications have to be undertaken to apply the methods of petroleum analysis to those of biofuels. Sulfur and sulfur compounds constitute an important aspect of such analyses.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSulfur.
=650  \0$aBiofuels.
=650  \0$aBiodiesel.
=650  \0$aMercaptan.
=650  \0$aEthanol-fuel.
=650  \0$aElemental analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=653  10$abiofuels.
=653  20$abiodiesel.
=653  20$aethanol-fuel.
=653  20$asulfur.
=653  20$amercaptan.
=653  20$aelemental analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO102012001714.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO102012001714.htm

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=008  170503c2014||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803170452 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170445
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO102012001108$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO102012001108$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a662.6$223
=245  00$aElemental Analysis of Gasoline and Diesel.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (73 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 10 (March 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO102012001108
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO102012001108".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b36.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTechniques used for the analysis of gasoline and diesel are described. Alternate methods of analyses are discussed and compared. Sulfur is one of the most regulated element in these products. Data on proficiency testing of these products are described.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDiesel.
=650  \0$aSulfur.
=650  \0$aGasoline.
=650  \0$aElemental analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=653  10$agasoline.
=653  20$adiesel.
=653  20$aelemental analysis.
=653  20$asulfur.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO102012001108.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO102012001108.htm

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=001  MNL11917D
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=008  170503c1971||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186422 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803108165
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11917D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11917D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a691$223
=100  1\$aSmith, G. V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aSupplemental Report on the Elevated-Temperature Properties of Chromium-Molybdenum Steels / $cG. V. Smith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1971.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (139 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1971, Issue DS6S2 (March 1971)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11917D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11917D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report offers evaluations of elevated temperature strength properties of 2 1/4Cr-lMo steel in various conditions of heat treatment and for diverse product forms. The data evaluated include test results previously included in ASTM Data Series DS 6 (1953) and DS 6S1 (1966), as well as newly generated data gathered by the Metal Properties Council.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1971. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElongation.
=650  \0$aAlloy steel.
=650  \0$aCreep strength.
=650  \0$aYield strength.
=650  \0$aData evaluation.
=650  \0$aRupture strength.
=650  \0$aTensile strength.
=650  \0$aReduction of area.
=650  \0$aElevated temperature.
=650  \0$aMechanical properties.
=650  \0$aMetals $xEffect of high temperatures on.
=650  \0$aChromium-molybdenum steel.
=653  10$aelevated temperature.
=653  20$atensile strength.
=653  20$ayield strength.
=653  20$acreep strength.
=653  20$arupture strength.
=653  20$aelongation.
=653  20$areduction of area.
=653  20$aalloy steel.
=653  20$amechanical properties.
=653  20$adata evaluation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11917D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11917D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL153.5
=082  04$a629.255$223
=100  1\$aMay, Chris J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aLubricant Properties and Characterization / $cKenneth O. Henderson, Chris J. May.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121208203
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121208203".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b83.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aLubricant physical properties are important in determining their suitability for the intended application and for comparing fluids. Some properties also provide insight into the remaining useful life of a fluid in service. In this chapter, we first review the components that go into making a lubricant. This is followed by a review of the most common ASTM International standard test methods used to measure a lubricant's physical properties. More information on the significance of tests for petroleum can be found in ASTM Manual 1, Significance of Tests for Petroleum Products, edited by Sal Rand [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=700  1\$aHenderson, Kenneth O., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121208203.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121208203.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aMian, Omar, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAutomotive Bearing SystemsJournal Bearings / $cOmar Mian.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121208708
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121208708".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe principal use for journal bearings in automotive applications is for the crankshaft bearings, piston pin joint, balancer shafts, and crankshafts. These can either be half shells in which a split is required for assembly (e.g., crankshaft bearings) or bushes that can be inserted without a split (e.g., piston pin joints). For engine bearings, the oil is normally supplied at pressure from the oil pump via a filter/ cooler assembly to a main oil gallery that runs along the side of the engine and then to the main bearing as indicated in Figure 8.1. The oil supply hole in the upper main bearing normally feeds into a groove so that a drilling in the crankshaft journal can transport the oil to the big-end bearing in the connecting rod. Oil supply to the pin joint small-end and piston pin boss is typically by splash from the sides of the or via internal drillings in the connecting rod or piston. During the design process, the assembly must be considered as a system with adequate lubricant supply and clearance shapethe bearings are often the fuse where any deficiencies become obvious in damage such as engine seizures. The normal design envelope for journal bearings is indicated by:.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121208708.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121208708.htm

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=100  1\$aPolycarpou, Andreas A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDynamic Friction Characterization and Modeling of Tripod Constant Velocity Joints / $cChul-Hee Lee, Andreas A. Polycarpou.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121210425
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121210425".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aConstant velocity (CV) joints are an integral part of modern vehicles. CV joints exhibit superior vibration performance compared with universal joints because they eliminate uneven rotating torque via their self-centering ability. CV joints provide coupling forces and moments between connected substructures as well as localized damping dissipation [1,2]. In modern vehicles, CV joints have become a standard design of driveshaft for front-wheel-drive (FWD) passenger cars. Figure 25.1 shows a typical FWD configuration in a vehicle with driveshaft installations. Each driveshaft comprises two types of CV jointsnamely fixed (outboard) and plunging (inboard) typesconnected via a shaft, and their primary function is to transmit the engine torque to the wheels with CV. In this work, the emphasis is on a class of plunging CV joints called tripod CV joints, as shown in Figure 25.2, which have been especially favored for automatic transmission vehicles. This is because of their noise and vibration advantages because they offer lower plunging resistance compared with ball-type joints [1]. Note that tripod CV joints also fulfill the conditions of CV operation [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=700  1\$aLee, Chul-Hee, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121210425.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121210425.htm

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=100  1\$aO'Connor, Brian M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aGear Oil Screen Testing with FZG Back-to-Back Rig / $cKlaus Michaelis, Brian M. O'Connor.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121209011
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121209011".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b23.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFor better efficiency in transmissions, lower viscosity grades of gear oils and reduced oil volumes are often used. With increasing power density and extended oil drain intervals, the demands on the lubricant as a design element increase accordingly. The introduction of lubricant properties in load-carrying capacity rating requires not only knowledge of their physical properties such as viscosity, viscosity-temperature, or viscosity-pressure behavior, but also the quantitative influence of the performance additive on scuffing, wear, micropitting, and pitting of gears.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=700  1\$aMichaelis, Klaus, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121209011.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121209011.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aWoydt, Mathias, $eauthor.
=245  10$aNonpetroleum-Based, No/Low-Sulphur, Ash, and Phosphorus, and Bio-No-Toxicity Engine Oil Development and Testing / $cMathias Woydt.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121209718
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121209718".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b31.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMore and more, engine oils must minimize or avoid their effect on the durability of particulate filters and catalysts, and in the future, on terrestrial and aquatic environments. They must also maximize their contribution to fuel economy. Replacing hydrocarbon-based oils with environmentally friendly products is one of the ways to reduce the adverse effects on the ecosystem caused by the use of lubricants. By analyzing recent technological evolutions and future trends in engine oil specifications, with the associated consequences for the functional properties performed by base oils and individual additives, the need and potential application of alternative base oils with intrinsic properties will be displayed. The focus of this chapter is on alternative base oils.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121209718.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121209718.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aSimner, Dave, $eauthor.
=245  10$aOther Automotive Specialized Lubricant Testing Including Manual Transmission, Rear Axle, and Gear Box Lubricant Testing and Specification / $cDave Simner.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121209516
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121209516".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHaving discussed the fundamentals of the various transmission units in Chapter 10, the potential tests that would be required to prove that the lubricant is satisfactory for service are considered here. It is clear that there is a vast choice of tests available for this purpose, and equally, there is a whole range of performance indicators to ensure that the transmission is fit for the duty required. In certain circumstances, only one specific function of the lubricant will need to be proven to specify that fluid; at other times, there is a whole host of different functions that need to be tested and signed off. In this chapter, the options for testing transmission units and their lubricants are discussed. Most of these options will affect or be affected by the lubricant. However, for completeness, some testing in which the fluids are unlikely to have much of a part to play is included.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121209516.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121209516.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL153.5
=082  04$a629.222$223
=100  1\$aFitch, Jim C., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAnalysis of In-Service Automotive Engine Oils / $cJim C. Fitch.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121210122
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121210122".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMost oil analysis performed in North America is done on diesel engine crankcase oils, primarily for large fleets in the transportation and off-road equipment industries. Ranking second would be the analysis of lubricants used in stationary industrial machinery including compressors, turbines, gearing, bearing lubes, and hydraulics. Far down the list is engine oil analysis performed on crankcase lubes from automotive fleets or privately owned cars and trucks.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121210122.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121210122.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL153.5
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=100  1\$aSilva, P., $eauthor.
=245  10$aGasoline Engine and Diesel Engine Powertrain Systems / $cP. Silva.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121208607
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121208607".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aReciprocating internal combustion engines have been studied since the middle of the 19th century, but their full industrial development began with their application for vehicle propulsion in the following century. By definition, reciprocating internal combustion engines are volumetric-type engines using internal combustion and their kinematic operation is based on the alternating motion of pistons inside of cylinders. There are two basic types of reciprocating engines: Spark ignition engines and compression ignition or diesel engines. Spark ignition engines for automotive application mainly use gasoline as fuel, but they can also work on ethanol or natural gas. Diesel engines operate on diesel fuel, but in principle they can run in a dual-fuel configuration that primarily burns natural gas with a small amount of diesel pilot fuel (e.g., in some city-bus applications or in cogenerative stationary applications) [1]. As a function of the modality with which the working cycle is performed, the engines can be referred to as two- or four-stroke engines according to the number of strokes of the piston in each working cycle. The present chapter will deal mainly with four-stroke engines, which are nowadays the widespread technology for vehicles. The two-stroke spark-ignited engine is only used in very small devices because of environmental constraints whereas the two-stroke diesel engine is limited to rare applications in slow, very large marine engines [2].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121208607.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121208607.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aClark-Heinrich, Erica, $eauthor.
=245  10$aFilters and Filtration Testing of Automotive Fuels and Lubricants / $cGary Bessee, Erica Clark-Heinrich.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121210324
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121210324".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter provides an introduction to automotive petroleum filtrationfuels and lubricants. This chapter is not intended to provide the reader with in-depth guidance, but rather to provide a general introduction to automotive fuel and lubricant filtration.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=700  1\$aBessee, Gary, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121210324.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121210324.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aStehr, Werner Friedrich, $eauthor.
=245  10$aTribology and Fine Automotive Mechanical Systems / $cWerner Friedrich Stehr.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121210021
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121210021".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe laws and findings of tribology as an applied science are also applicable to the entire field of mechanics, from the bearing arrangement of a brown coal excavator with a diameter of 1 m to the bearing in a miniature gear with a diameter of only 0.1 mm. According to one definition, precision mechanics begins with bearing diameters of less than 5 mm (Figure 21.1), but this definition is purely arbitrary. The difference between the classical mechanics of mechanical engineering and precision mechanics consists only of the dimensions of the components. However, downscaling creates typical problems and particulars. This is also true in the automobile.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121210021.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121210021.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aTung, Simon C., $eauthor.
=245  10$aBench Performance Test Methods for Lubricated Engine Materials / $cPeter Blau, Simon C. Tung.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121209213
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121209213".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b31.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aInternal combustion engines are made from a wide variety of materials. These materials must contain the fuel and combustion pressures, transmit forces to the drivetrain, deliver electrical power, and give form and structure to the engine. In the context of this chapter, some of those materials must withstand bearing pressures and rub smoothly and reliably, without seizing or excessive wear, for thousands of hours. Although bronzes and other nonferrous alloys are used, by far, iron-based metals and alloys, particularly gray cast iron, have comprised the major bearing materials. Cast iron remains available in bulk quantities, is relative inexpensive, and is familiar to engine makers. However, with a density of 7.17.7 g/cm3, cast iron parts are more than 1.6 times heavier than titanium, 2.5 times heavier than aluminum, and 4.2 times heavier than magnesium parts of equal size. With a drive toward reducing the weight of engines to improve fuel economy, vehicle designers are motivated to find cost-competitive, lighter weight materials for engines and drivetrains that function well in advanced engines and drivetrains. Engine designers have historically been interested in finding workable alternatives to cast iron for more than three quarters of a century. As early as 1923, Audi announced an aluminum alloy engine and became an early leader in applying lightweight alloys to engines [1]. By 2006, the average aluminum content in U.S. automobiles was 319 lb (149 kg), a nearly 24 % increase over the preceding 5 years [2]. Most of this substitution was in the area of structural materials, but lightweight alloys are not ideally suited for tribocomponents such as engine castings, valvetrains, fuel injector plungers, roller followers, and disc brakes. This is mainly because of high contact pressures for the valvetrain components.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=700  1\$aBlau, Peter, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121209213.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121209213.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aTung, Simon C., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAutomotive Engine Hardware and Lubrication Requirements / $cEdward P. Becker, Simon C. Tung.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121208506
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121208506".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe automotive industry is facing tough international competition, government regulations, and rapid technological changes. Ever-increasing government regulations require improved fuel economy and lower emissions from the automotive fuel and lubricant systems. Higher energy-conserving engine oils and better fuel-efficient vehicles will become increasingly important in the face of the saving of natural resources and the lowering of engine friction. Recently, industry research needs for reducing friction and wear in transportation are critical for saving fuel economy and extended vehicle reliability. There are many hundreds of tribological components, from bearings, pistons, transmissions, and clutches to gears and drivetrain components. The application of tribological principles is essential for the reliability of the motor vehicle and the energy conservation of our environment. This review chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of various lubrication aspects of a typical powertrain system including the engine, transmission, driveline, and other components as well as the major issues and the current development status for automotive engine lubricants in North America. This review chapter also describes the major functions of typical engines (gasoline and diesel), engine oil characteristics, and test methods. Included are descriptions of the tribological concerns associated with various engine components, service effects on engine oil, standard automotive tests for engine oil and the types of service they represent, and an overview of the current issues and future trends that needs to be addressed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=700  1\$aBecker, Edward P., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121208506.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121208506.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aSimner, Dave, $eauthor.
=245  14$aThe Drivetrain System / $cDave Simner.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121208910
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121208910".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe aim of this chapter is to review the technology that might be found within the drivetrain of a vehicle and make the link to the lubricants used within those units. The lubricant is arguably the most important single component within the drivetrain, although it is often the most difficult to improve, modify, or develop. However, in investigating the drivetrain of the vehicle, some boundaries need placing around the problem. Before starting, it is also worth pointing out that the reader may well come across or be familiar with the term driveline. It is probably reasonable to say that drivetrain and driveline are terms that are interchangeable, although some engineers may have some subtle distinction between the two.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121208910.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121208910.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a629.222$223
=100  1\$aHonary, Lou A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aBiobased Automotive Lubricants / $cLou A. Honary.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121210526
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121210526".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere is a new impetus for the use of vegetable oils or renewable oils in automotive applications. The environmental factor promises to be a more steady and persistent force in promoting the use of these products than the fluctuating availability of petroleum. However, increased demand for petroleum by emerging economies has led to an increase in the need for petroleum substitutes. Either because of imposed environmental regulations or society's desire for a more environmentally friendly lubricant, the interest and increased use of vegetable-based engine oils and industrial lubricants will continue. Every year in the United States nearly 2.5 billion gallons of lubricants are manufactured; 1.4 % are automotive-related lubricants, and the rest are considered industrial lubricants. Therefore, the automotive engineer should become familiar with greases and oils and their characteristics as they relate to automotive use. Because this chapter deals with automotive lubricants, the emphasis will be placed on the use of vegetable oils within automotive systems. Furthermore, the chapter provides information on the chemistry of vegetable oils, the general performance requirement of lubricants and greases, standard test procedures required for the oil testing, and the issues of biodegradability and toxicity.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121210526.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121210526.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL6220121208102$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL6220121208102$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL153.5
=082  04$a629.222$223
=100  1\$aMackney, Derek, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAutomotive Lubricants / $cDerek Mackney, Nick Clague, Gareth Brown, Gareth Fish, John Durham.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121208102
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121208102".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b50.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA lubricant has to perform many functions to effectively lubricate the various parts of a vehicle. These functions include.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=700  1\$aBrown, Gareth, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aClague, Nick, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aDurham, John, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aFish, Gareth, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121208102.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121208102.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170384 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170360
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL6220121209314$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL6220121209314$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL153.5
=082  04$a629.222$223
=100  1\$aFox, Malcolm F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCurrent and Future Specification of Lubricant Performance / $cMalcolm F. Fox.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121209314
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121209314".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFor the past 50 years the specification and testing of lubricant performance has successfully protected engines and powertrains against wear, internal deposit formation, and corrosion while reducing friction. Lubricant systems have systematically evolved in concert with increased performance requirements arising from.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121209314.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121209314.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL153.5
=082  04$a629.222$223
=100  1\$aFox, Malcolm F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aControlling Lubricant Degradation through Performance Specification / $cMalcolm F. Fox.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2012.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2012, Issue 62 (November 2012)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL6220121208304
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL6220121208304".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWhen lubricants are used they deteriorate by evaporation, oxidation, and contamination. Today lubricants are formulated to resist these causes of deterioration in a planned manner for a stated period of operation, extent of work, distance of travel, or other measures of use. The performance specification for formulations has direct implications for operational service usethe ultimate commercial objective of manufacturing lubricantsto protect machinery from internal wear. Lubricants also reduce energy consumption through reduced friction.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2012. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xTesting.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xLubrication $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL6220121208304.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL6220121208304.htm

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=001  MNL5820131212715
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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131212715$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aJaisinghani, Ravi, $eauthor.
=245  10$aModern Computer Process Control Refining Units / $cRavi Jaisinghani.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131212715
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131212715".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAdvanced process control (APC) applications have become a norm for refining and petrochemical units. Evolving along the path of regulatory control to advanced regulatory control (ARC) to conventional APC to multivariable predictive control (MVPC), MVPC technology has not only been well established and proven but also has become the main workhorse of refinery process control and optimization, with several thousand applications implemented in the last 30 years. Recent additions of neural networks technology for inferential predictions, advisory/expert systems for abnormal situation management, and fuzzy logic for combining operating heuristics and rules with mathematical control have increased the control technology arsenal to monitor, control, and optimize during the normal operating period and during periods of fast ramping, feed changes, and unplanned events. This chapter provides the basis of understanding the various control technologies and their integration to meet the safety, operational, and economic objectives of refinery APC applications. The intention is not to provide academic theory of control, but to provide sufficient base knowledge and practical configuration examples of what has actually worked in real-life applications. Cheat-sheet-type configuration for MVPC control and a list of common conventional APC applications required to automate each unit are presented for most of the major refining units.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aExpert systems.
=650  \0$aAdvisory systems.
=650  \0$aControl linearity.
=650  \0$aCrude unit control.
=650  \0$aFuzzy logic control.
=650  \0$aVacuum unit control.
=650  \0$aControl superposition.
=650  \0$aDelayed coker control.
=650  \0$aGas plant unit control.
=650  \0$aInferential predictions.
=650  \0$aHydrocracker unit control.
=650  \0$aMultivariable predictive control.
=650  \0$aFluidized catalyst cracker unit control.
=650  \0$aNeural-networks-based inferential predictions.
=650  \0$aCatalytic reformer unit control.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aAdvisory systems.
=653  20$acatalytic reformer unit control.
=653  20$acontrol linearity.
=653  20$acontrol superposition.
=653  20$acrude unit control.
=653  20$adelayed coker control.
=653  20$aexpert systems.
=653  20$afluidized catalyst cracker unit control.
=653  20$afuzzy logic control.
=653  20$agas plant unit control.
=653  20$ahydrocracker unit control.
=653  20$ainferential predictions.
=653  20$amultivariable predictive control.
=653  20$aneural-networks-based inferential predictions.
=653  20$avacuum unit control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131212715.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131212715.htm

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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131213624$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131213624$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aKaiser, Mark J., $eauthor.
=245  12$aA Review of Refinery Markets and Cost Estimation / $cMark J. Kaiser, James H. Gary.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (34 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131213624
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131213624".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b54.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA refinery is an installation that manufactures finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, and other hydrocarbons using heat, pressure, catalyst, and chemicals. Early refineries were simple, batch distillation units that processed hundreds of barrels of crude oil per day from one or a small collection of fields. Today, refineries are complex, highly integrated facilities that may contain as many as a dozen or more process units capable of handling numerous crude oils from around the world with a capacity up to one million barrels per day or more. Refineries perform the same chemical and physical transformations worldwide, but they differ greatly in their complexity and nature of the political and regulatory market environment in which they operate. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a general overview of the refining industry, covering domestic and international markets, industry characteristics, refinery economics, and cost estimation. We classify basic refinery processes and operations and describe product demand and supply and market statistics. We summarize 2005 U.S. Gulf Coast investment cost curves and describe the methodological framework, data sources, and normalization procedures used in estimation. Unit descriptions and cost functions are summarized for the main refinery process units.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCost indexes.
=650  \0$aCost estimation.
=650  \0$aMarket dynamics.
=650  \0$aRefining margins.
=650  \0$aRefinery complexity.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aCost estimation.
=653  20$acost indexes.
=653  20$amarket dynamics.
=653  20$arefinery complexity.
=653  20$arefining margins.
=700  1\$aGary, James H., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131213624.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131213624.htm

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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131212614$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131212614$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aRaman, L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aProcess Control and Instrumentation / $cL. Raman, N. S. Murthy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131212614
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131212614".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aRefineries and petrochemical units of late have been placed under increasing uncertainties/volatility in feed supply and end product markets. Barring a few well head refineries, which process mostly same quality of crude throughout the year, the rest process a wide variety of crude oils. For example, the API of the crude supplies to a refinery varies from 19 to 40 and the sulfur content from 0.1 to 4.7 wt %. Moreover, the cracker plants of petrochemical complexes procure naphtha from different parts of the world that varies in ratio and total paraffin content. On the other hand, downstream processing is becoming very stringent, with refiners required to cater to different grades of fuels; for example, diesel varying in sulfur content from 10 to 5000 ppm, gasoline with different octane ratings, etc. The hydroprocessing industry does this job routinely by producing market-sensitive products from different qualities of feed on any given day. This is an inevitable but perfect balancing act. Automation of manufacturing plants, DBN (Debottlenecking) the units to operate them at their maximum capacities, operating processes, and machinery at respective best and safe operating zones are essential ingredients to cope with market volatility and realize maximum profits. This is possible only when various instruments that are used for measuring process variables, which are in turn used for controlling the processes, are accurate, precise, reliable, and robust enough within the operating horizon of the manufacturing process. The developments in process control and instrumentation, leveraging computing advancements over years, have made it feasible. In other words, the level of process maturity has been raised to a newer benchmark with error-free, self-diagnostic, predictive, and adaptive controls having an elegant man-machine interface.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aController.
=650  \0$aNear infrared.
=650  \0$aPrimary element.
=650  \0$aDependent variable.
=650  \0$aIndependent variable.
=650  \0$aManipulated variable.
=650  \0$aFinal control element.
=650  \0$aProcess alarm management.
=650  \0$aDistributed control system.
=650  \0$aAdvanced process control.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aDependent variable.
=653  20$aindependent variable.
=653  20$amanipulated variable.
=653  20$aprimary element.
=653  20$acontroller.
=653  20$afinal control element.
=653  20$aadvanced process control.
=653  20$anear infrared.
=653  20$adistributed control system.
=653  20$aprocess alarm management.
=700  1\$aMurthy, N. S., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131212614.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131212614.htm

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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131213725$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131213725$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aBagajewicz, Miguel, $eauthor.
=245  10$aFinancial Risk Management in Refinery Operations Planning / $cMiguel Bagajewicz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131213725
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131213725".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b41.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter introduces concepts of financial risk as applied to the decision-making associated with refinery operations. Particular focus is given to the use of two-stage programming to make crude purchasing decisions and operational choices such as the throughput of different units. Most models consider the price as an external uncertain parameter. However, because refiners modify retail prices to optimize profit margins and inventory costs, models that include it as a decision variable are also discussed. In addition, techniques to identify decisions that are less profitable, but also less risky, are presented. Finally, we show how commercial software can be used. We conclude that the techniques presented are mature and ready to be adopted in practice.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aValue at risk.
=650  \0$aFinancial risk.
=650  \0$aOptimization under uncertainty.
=650  \0$aTwo-stage stochastic programming.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aFinancial risk.
=653  20$aoptimization under uncertainty.
=653  20$atwo-stage stochastic programming.
=653  20$avalue at risk.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131213725.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131213725.htm

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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131214331$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131214331$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aHerlyn, Folkert J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aRefinery Management / $cFolkert J. Herlyn.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131214331
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131214331".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMastering the volatile crude oil situation, reflected in prices and availability, the high demand in refining capacity worldwide, as well as increasingly restrictive environmental regulations, calls for exceptional leadership at today's refineries. One of the main challenges is to maximize crude utilization at minimum cost while meeting regulations and customer requirements.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLeadership.
=650  \0$aBenchmarking.
=650  \0$aStrategy development.
=650  \0$aKey performance indicators.
=650  \0$aRefinery business processes.
=650  \0$aBest practices refinery management.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aBenchmarking.
=653  20$abest practices refinery management.
=653  20$akey performance indicators.
=653  20$aleadership.
=653  20$arefinery business processes.
=653  20$astrategy development.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131214331.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131214331.htm

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=001  MNL5820131212513
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131212513$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aRodwell, M. C., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDesign Aspects of Separation Units and Processing Equipment / $cM. C. Rodwell, M. R. Riazi.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (49 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131212513
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131212513".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b64.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter presents the principles of design and operation of major refinery separation units, including desalting, distillation, absorption and stripping, liquid-liquid extraction, and filtration, along with the heat-transfer equipment, phase separators, pumps, and compressors used in petroleum refining and natural gas processing. With the information presented in this chapter, one can calculate the height, diameter, and thickness of a distillation column, feed entry location, heat requirement for the column, and rate of heat removal in a condenser. Similar calculations for gas absorption and extraction columns are presented. Heat requirements and related design calculations for heat exchangers, furnaces, and heat transfer units are also presented. Some basic calculations and information about pumps and compressors are provided.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDesalting.
=650  \0$aExtraction.
=650  \0$aDistillation.
=650  \0$aColumn design.
=650  \0$aFired heaters.
=650  \0$aGas absorption.
=650  \0$aSeparation units.
=650  \0$aColumn efficiency.
=650  \0$aEnergy requirement.
=650  \0$aHeat transfer units.
=650  \0$aDesign and operation.
=650  \0$aCompressors and pumps.
=650  \0$aFiltration and filter selection.
=650  \0$aTwo- and three-phase separating units.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aSeparation units.
=653  20$adesign and operation.
=653  20$adesalting.
=653  20$adistillation.
=653  20$agas absorption.
=653  20$aextraction.
=653  20$acolumn design.
=653  20$acolumn efficiency.
=653  20$aenergy requirement.
=653  20$aheat transfer units.
=653  20$afired heaters.
=653  20$atwo- and three-phase separating units.
=653  20$acompressors and pumps.
=653  20$afiltration and filter selection.
=700  1\$aRiazi, M. R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131212513.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131212513.htm

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=001  MNL5820131211705
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131211705$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL5820131211705$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aRiazi, M. R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCrude Oil Refining Processes / $cSemih Eser, M. R. Riazi.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (25 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131211705
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131211705".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b32.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter introduces and discusses the major processes used for refining crude oil. After a brief historical perspective of crude oil refining, refinery objectives are introduced and an overall refinery flow diagram is presented to show how the major processes are integrated to produce the desired petroleum fuels and nonfuel materials from crude oil. In the order of increasing boiling point ranges, the major refinery products include liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs), naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel, fuel oil, lubricating oil, and asphalt. Refinery processes may be classified into four categories: separation, conversion, finishing, and supporting processes. Separation processes make use of the differences in physical properties of crude oil components to remove inorganic impurities present in crude oil (e.g., desalting) or to separate groups of hydrocarbon compounds in crude oil or other refinery streams, such as distillation, deasphalting, and dewaxing. On the other hand, the conversion processes are performed to make chemical changes in the hydrocarbon composition of crude oils to meet the demands for the quantity and quality of desirable products, including gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel fuel. Thermal and catalytic cracking processes (e.g., visbreaking, coking, and fluid catalytic cracking) break up larger molecules into the boiling range of light and middle distillates to make blending stocks for LPG, gasoline, and feedstocks for making diesel and jet fuel. Catalytic reforming, alkylation, isomerization, and polymerization processes produce high-octane number gasoline components for the blending pool. Finishing processes include hydrotreating to remove heteroatoms (S, N, and metals) and product blending to attain the product specifications and compliance with environmental and government regulations. Finally, supporting processes provide the recovery of the removed heteroatoms, additional production of hydrogen necessary for the conversion and hydrotreating processes, and the treatment of the effluent water and other environmental emissions. After the discussion of individual processes, an evolutionary path of crude oil refining processes is presented with a timeline for the introduction of new processes and changing refinery configurations as the demands for the petroleum products have evolved. Finally, a future outlook for the market and technology is presented to provide projections for the future refinery configurations.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCrude oil.
=650  \0$aFinishing.
=650  \0$aConversion.
=650  \0$aSeparation.
=650  \0$aRefining history.
=650  \0$aRefinery products.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products.
=650  \0$aRefining processes.
=650  \0$aRefinery configurations.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aCrude oil.
=653  20$arefining processes.
=653  20$aseparation.
=653  20$aconversion.
=653  20$afinishing.
=653  20$arefinery products.
=653  20$arefinery configurations.
=653  20$arefining history.
=653  20$apetroleum products.
=700  1\$aEser, Semih, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131211705.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131211705.htm

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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131212412$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131212412$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aZhang, N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aHydrogen Management / $cN. Zhang, F. Liu.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131212412
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131212412".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b25.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 12 first provides an overview of various technical aspects in refinery hydrogen management, including basic information for hydrogen production, purification, transportation, and distribution. Because hydrogen supply becomes a bottleneck issue for many refineries to deal with stricter product specifications and a higher degree of heavy oil upgrading, good hydrogen management practice becomes very important to maintain the competitiveness of a refinery. Therefore, a systematic approach (i.e., hydrogen pinch analysis) is introduced. It contains two stepstargeting and designin which the targeting step quickly identifies the maximum hydrogen saving potential, and then the design step tries to exploit all possible design options to reach the target on the basis of mathematical programming. Details of hydrogen pinch analysis technology are explained.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRefinery.
=650  \0$aPinch analysis.
=650  \0$aHydrogen management.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aRefinery.
=653  20$ahydrogen management.
=653  20$apinch analysis.
=700  1\$aLiu, F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131212412.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131212412.htm

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=001  MNL5820131213119
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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131213119$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131213119$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aAgrawal, Suresh S., $eauthor.
=245  10$aFuel Blending Technology and Management / $cSuresh S. Agrawal.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (25 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131213119
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131213119".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter discusses the fuel blending technology, management of a blending project, many important topics such as linear and nonlinear blend models, methods to handle blend nonlinearity, concepts of recipe optimization and planning process in a refinery, etc. After the fundamental concepts are reviewed, the chapter discusses the design aspects of a blending project for the automation of field equipment and instrumentation, hardware and software, and blending tank quality measurement. The chapter concludes with methodologies to estimate various sources of errors and assesses the current state of blending state and successful implementation of upgrade or revamp of a blending system.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBlend models.
=650  \0$aFuel blending.
=650  \0$aSlack variables.
=650  \0$aModes of blending.
=650  \0$aBlend optimization.
=650  \0$aData reconciliation.
=650  \0$aModel base tank quality tracking.
=650  \0$aBlending project implementation strategy.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aFuel blending.
=653  20$ablend models.
=653  20$ablend optimization.
=653  20$ablending project implementation strategy.
=653  20$adata reconciliation.
=653  20$amodel base tank quality tracking.
=653  20$aslack variables.
=653  20$amodes of blending.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131213119.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131213119.htm

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=001  MNL5820131212816
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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131212816$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131212816$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aKosta, A. L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aRefinery Inspection and Maintenance / $cA. L. Kosta, Keshav Kishore.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (43 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131212816
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131212816".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMaintenance and inspection functions in a refinery are the backbone for safe and reliable plant operations and play a pivotal role in efficiently achieving the desired production target and profitability for the company. Maintenance functions in the refinery include mechanical, electrical, instrumentation, and civil functions, which are responsible for monitoring, repair, and maintenance of equipment in the respective defined areas. Inspection is responsible for certification of quality adherence on the repair and maintenance activities through monitoring of static equipment functioning during plant operations. Fulfillment of statutory requirements and liaison with regulatory bodies, failure analysis, and remaining life assessment of plant equipment to establish a repair replacement plan in advance for reliable plant operations, metallurgy upgrading, etc., are also performed by inspection. On the basis of the process condition, on-stream monitoring of all critical equipment is decided by an individual group and monitored religiously. Preventive maintenance, predictive maintenance, a structured repair system, and full-fledged plant shut-down management must be reliable. Each type of maintenance activity that needs to be followed in an operating refinery or when the plant or units have been shut down per plan is covered in detail in this chapter. In case of electrical and instrument equipment, emphasis is placed on explaining the maintenance activities required to be performed on all major equipment along with general guidelines to be followed for making systems more reliable. The chapter covers various methods of inspection techniques being followed in a refinery, including the detailed observations to be made with each piece of equipment. The chapter also includes important sample checklists that are used for recording observations while inspecting equipment or when the maintenance activity is being performed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRefinery inspection.
=650  \0$aPredictive maintenance.
=650  \0$aPreventive maintenance.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aRefinery inspection.
=653  20$apreventive maintenance.
=653  20$apredictive maintenance.
=700  1\$aKishore, Keshav, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131212816.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131212816.htm

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=001  MNL5820131214129
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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131214129$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131214129$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aKhor, Cheng Seong, $eauthor.
=245  10$aEnvironmental Issues Related to the Petroleum Refining Industry / $cCheng Seong Khor, Ali Elkamel.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131214129
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131214129".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b34.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEnvironmental considerations are increasingly affecting the profit margins of petroleum refineries and thus ought to be taken into account in the design and operations of refineries. This chapter is divided into three main parts, each addressing the three major types of environmental pollution related to the operations of a petroleum refinery: water pollution, air pollution, and noise pollution. The structure adopted in the systematic exposition of these different pollution types typically begins with the sources and characteristics of the pollutants and the consequences or effects that these pollutants bring about. Next, the related environmental regulations are covered in general. Subsequently, the associated reduction, control, and treatment technologies for the removal of the pollutants are presented in light of the legislative requirements. In the spirit of keeping up with up-to-date developments, the paper also discusses how the refining industry is reacting to global concerns over climate change as induced by greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide, as part of a suite of measures in the framework of refinery environmental management. The chapter concludes with a general outlook of the shape of events to come, particularly in view of the anticipated impending massive effects of global climate change.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aControl.
=650  \0$aReduction.
=650  \0$aTreatment.
=650  \0$aAir pollution.
=650  \0$aCarbon dioxide.
=650  \0$aNoise pollution.
=650  \0$aWater pollution.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refinery.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aPetroleum refinery.
=653  20$awater pollution.
=653  20$aair pollution.
=653  20$anoise pollution.
=653  20$areduction.
=653  20$acontrol.
=653  20$atreatment.
=653  20$acarbon dioxide.
=700  1\$aElkamel, Ali, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131214129.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131214129.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131212311$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131212311$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aMigliore, Calogero, $eauthor.
=245  10$aNatural Gas Conditioning and Processing / $cCalogero Migliore.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (37 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131212311
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131212311".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b53.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe development of the natural gas industry has been very much influenced by the physical characteristics of natural gas. Although oil, being a liquid at ambient temperature, can be contained and transported relatively easily using simple and less-expensive technologies, natural gas is more complex and generally more expensive to store and transport because of its physical nature, which requires high pressures, very low temperatures, or both. Transportation is a major aspect of the gas industry to ensure the supply of gas to the final users. The main objective of a natural gas supply system is to produce gas from an underground field, send it to a processing facility where the gas is processed to an acceptable quality, and then move it to customers for its final use. This cannot happen without there being a continuous connection from the producing field to the consumer of the gas. This involves the concept of the natural gas value chain. Two chains currently exist in the gas industry. One scheme involves a conventional arrangement in which natural gas is transmitted all of the way from the field to the city gate or consumer facility in high-pressure pipelines. The other one is the LNG scheme, which involves the liquefaction of the gas, its transportation in bulk carriers, the regasification at the point of delivery, and the transportation to the final users, also through highpressure pipelines. This chapter reviews the technologies associated with the processing facilities involved in both existing schemes and their contribution with respect to the natural gas value chain concept. New proposed gas value chains and other technologies to monetize natural gas are also discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAcid gas.
=650  \0$aCryogenic.
=650  \0$aDew point.
=650  \0$aDehydration.
=650  \0$aBoil off gas.
=650  \0$aGas to liquids.
=650  \0$aFischerTropsch.
=650  \0$aHigher heating value.
=650  \0$aLiquefied natural gas.
=650  \0$aCompressed natural gas.
=650  \0$aFloating liquefied natural gas.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aAcid gas.
=653  20$aboil off gas.
=653  20$acompressed natural gas.
=653  20$acryogenic.
=653  20$adehydration.
=653  20$adew point.
=653  20$aFischerTropsch.
=653  20$aliquefied natural gas.
=653  20$afloating liquefied natural gas.
=653  20$agas to liquids.
=653  20$ahigher heating value.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131212311.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131212311.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aCalle, Jos Baro, $eauthor.
=245  10$aBiofuels and Biorefineries / $cJos Baro Calle.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131214432
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131214432".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b45.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBiofuel is a generic term to designate fuels that are produced from biological raw materials. Although the term biofuel applies to any fuel, it commonly refers to liquid biofuels, especially when it is used as transport fuel. Biofuels for transport is an old modern subject. In fact, biofuel was proposed as a feed for internal combustion engines from the beginning of automotive industry. During the 20th century there were several unsuccessful attempts to develop the use of biofuels as automotive energy supply, but cheap fossil resources made biofuel a noncompetitive option. Recently, biofuel was identified again as an alternative fuel, mainly because of the exponential growth of the concerns about crude oil supply. Today, technical barriers have been overcome, at least for low percentage blends of biofuel with conventional fossil fuels, but there are other challenges that biofuels have to face, like sustainability of massive biofuel production. Depending on the criteria considered in the certification schemes adopted, the future of biofuels (or more widely the bioenergy) could be uncertain. A brief description of current biofuels such as bioethanol, biobutanol, FAME, and biodiesel is presented in this chapter. The nature, production processes, end use, and future forecast for biofuels, as well as HVO, synthetic diesel from BTL, and DME are also included in this chapter. Finally, an analysis of future research needs on biofuels is discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiofuels.
=650  \0$aBiodiesel.
=650  \0$aBioethanol.
=650  \0$aBio-butanol.
=650  \0$aSecurity of energy supply.
=650  \0$aHydrogenated vegetable oil.
=650  \0$aSustainability synthetic diesel.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aBio-butanol.
=653  20$abiodiesel.
=653  20$abio-DME.
=653  20$abioethanol.
=653  20$abiofuels.
=653  20$aBTL.
=653  20$aEtOH.
=653  20$aETBE.
=653  20$aFAME.
=653  20$ahydrogenated vegetable oil.
=653  20$aHVO.
=653  20$asecurity of energy supply.
=653  20$asustainability synthetic diesel.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131214432.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131214432.htm

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=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aAgrawal, Suresh S., $eauthor.
=245  10$aTank Farm Management / $cSuresh S. Agrawal.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (31 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131213220
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131213220".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter discusses all technical and management aspects of a tank farm in a typical refinery. It starts with the discussion of various types of tanks such as the cylindrical and spherical tanks used in a typical refinery. It then presents design methodologies to estimate the storage requirement on the basis of refinery complexity and the mode of crude and product receipts and dispatch. The chapter also discusses process parameters, their methods to measure them by a tank gauging system, and how to calculate tank inventory using these measured parameters. Next, the methods and technology to measure/estimate tank qualities and fugitive emissions are discussed. The chapter discusses the oil movement and storage system in a refinery and presents the design concept, control technology, and economic analysis to justify and implement an oil movement and storage (OM&S) project. Lastly, the chapter covers refinery terminal operations and enumerates problems and challenges of marine, truck, railcar, and pipeline terminals.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStorage tanks.
=650  \0$aTank inventory.
=650  \0$aTruck terminal.
=650  \0$aWagon terminal.
=650  \0$aMarine terminal.
=650  \0$aFixed roof tanks.
=650  \0$aTank farm design.
=650  \0$aFloating roof tanks.
=650  \0$aTank gauging system.
=650  \0$aTank farm management.
=650  \0$aTank quality tracking system.
=650  \0$aOil movement and storage system.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aTank farm management.
=653  20$afloating roof tanks.
=653  20$afixed roof tanks.
=653  20$atank quality tracking system.
=653  20$amarine terminal.
=653  20$atruck terminal.
=653  20$awagon terminal.
=653  20$astorage tanks.
=653  20$aoil movement and storage system.
=653  20$atank gauging system.
=653  20$atank farm design.
=653  20$atank inventory.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131213220.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131213220.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131213927$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131213927$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aBagajewicz, Miguel, $eauthor.
=245  10$aMaintenance Simulation and Optimization in Refineries and Process Plants / $cMiguel Bagajewicz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131213927
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131213927".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b33.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter outlines recent efforts to perform Monte Carlo simulation to obtain an assessment of the effect of existing corrective and preventive maintenance practices incorporating details of available labor, task assignment rules, and parts inventory on the plant economics. In addition, the use of a genetic algorithm in conjunction with the Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the economically optimal preventive maintenance frequency, the parts inventory policy (number and type of spare parts to keep in stock), and the labor allocation is presented. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated using the data of a fluid catalytic cracking plant.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOptimization.
=650  \0$aGenetic algorithms.
=650  \0$aCorrective maintenance.
=650  \0$aPreventive maintenance.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aPreventive maintenance.
=653  20$acorrective maintenance.
=653  20$agenetic algorithms.
=653  20$aoptimization.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131213927.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131213927.htm

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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131214230$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131214230$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aHaight, Joel M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aSafety Issues Related to Petroleum Refineries / $cJoel M. Haight.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131214230
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131214230".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b32.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn petroleum refineries, the concern for safety could be said to focus on two main areas: process safety and labor or personnel safety. These two areas are very different from each other, but both are important. They require two very different approaches to what one might call the safety problem. Process safety involves the development and implementation of interventions concentrated on preventing or minimizing the effects of loss of containment of flammable, toxic, or reactive chemicals. Labor or personnel safety interventions focus on the prevention or mitigation of hazards that can result in individual injuries or exposures; a much less catastrophic problem, but a no less important one. Through both approaches to the safety problem, we attempt to prevent or minimize the impact of accidents. There are many definitions for an accident, but for the purposes of this chapter, they will be considered unintentional events that result in undesirable consequences. Accidents occur in nearly every facet of our lives. Because in petroleum refineries, there is extensive heavy manual work (especially during maintenance turnarounds); there is large, heavy equipment; there are toxic, flammable and reactive chemicals; and there are high temperatures and pressures in many processes, it is no surprise that accidents occur here. Over the last 2030 years, in petroleum refineries and similar processes, there have been several significant watershed incidents that have fueled the development of many of the regulations and prevention activities that apply today and that serve to minimize the impact of the hazards typically associated with petroleum refining. The driving forces behind much of what makes up a modern safety and health program in the petroleum refinery in the United States are the regulatory agencies: the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although this chapter will draw heavily from these regulations, it will also include discussion on the ways and means that companies comply with these regulations (as well as other consensus standards and general good practice). The content of typical safety and health programs in petroleum refineries will also be covered, but the primary focus of this chapter will be on process safety, safe work practices or permit-to-work systems, and behavioral safety.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSafety.
=650  \0$aLabor safety.
=650  \0$aPermit-to-work.
=650  \0$aProcess safety.
=650  \0$aLoss prevention.
=650  \0$aProcess safety management.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aSafety.
=653  20$aprocess safety.
=653  20$aprocess safety management.
=653  20$aloss prevention.
=653  20$apermit-to-work.
=653  20$alabor safety.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131214230.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131214230.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131213321$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131213321$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aZhang, Nan, $eauthor.
=245  10$aRefinery Planning and Scheduling / $cNan Zhang, Marc Valleur.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131213321
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131213321".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b54.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 21 provides an overview of the mathematical methods used to solve the optimization problem for various design and operation issues in an oil refinery, including planning, scheduling, and process design and operation. Short-term scheduling is discussed from the viewpoints of complexity, integration with planning, operational applications, available software technologies, and the human factor. The economic incentives for more advanced short-term scheduling are discussed, along with the main differences with planning activities using a qualitative definition of scheduling tasks. A specific section illustrates the inherent complexity of large combinatorial scheduling problems that need to be solved in oil refineries. Available mathematical tools and required systems architecture are reviewed. Two examples are described: optimal crude scheduling and gasoline/gas oil blending. The human factor to support complex scheduling systems is discussed. Commercial software technologies are also reviewed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlanning.
=650  \0$aScheduling.
=650  \0$aOptimization.
=650  \0$aLinear programming.
=650  \0$aNonlinear programming.
=650  \0$aMathematical programming.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aPlanning.
=653  20$ascheduling.
=653  20$aoptimization.
=653  20$amathematical programming.
=653  20$alinear programming.
=653  20$anonlinear programming.
=700  1\$aValleur, Marc, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131213321.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131213321.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803186811 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131213018$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131213018$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aMurthy, N. S., $eauthor.
=245  10$aProduct Analysis and Quality Control / $cPradeep Kumar, N. S. Murthy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131213018
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131213018".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aQuality assurance of products is one of the must have attributes in any business transaction. Crude oil and other petroleum-based products are exchanged throughout the world and ensuring quality of supply, analysis, and quality control are of paramount importance to customers and suppliers. The importance of product analysis, significance of sampling and testing, precision limits, repeatability and reproducibility of various test methods, use of online QMIs (quality measuring instruments), system in place for effective quality control, laboratory referee method, conflict resolution in quality assurance, cost of poor quality, etc. are dealt with in this chapter. Wherever needed, case studies pertaining to quality control and product testing have been inserted to enlighten readers. There are instances of near litigation between customers and suppliers arising from poor understanding of test procedures. Furthermore, refiners have developed their own proprietary correlations/inferential predictions from process conditions and past laboratory analysis and deployed them successfully in process control operations, and in turn quality consistency. These are also touched on so as to widen the learning base of the reader in the field of quality control, which in turn facilitates enhancement of the bottom line. Last but not the least, the challenges faced by oil industries today from the vagaries of crude quality and supply, as well as pressures for cleaner fuels and environment are also highlighted.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aKano model.
=650  \0$aRepeatability.
=650  \0$aQuality control.
=650  \0$aQuality giveaway.
=650  \0$aQuality assurance.
=650  \0$aInferential prediction.
=650  \0$aProduct quality benchmark.
=650  \0$aCustomer relations management.
=650  \0$aQuality measuring instruments.
=650  \0$aReproducibility in test methods.
=650  \0$aProduct specification development.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aQuality assurance.
=653  20$aquality control.
=653  20$aquality giveaway.
=653  20$aproduct specification development.
=653  20$arepeatability.
=653  20$areproducibility in test methods.
=653  20$aKano model.
=653  20$acustomer relations management.
=653  20$aproduct quality benchmark.
=653  20$aquality measuring instruments.
=653  20$ainferential prediction.
=700  1\$aKumar, Pradeep, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131213018.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131213018.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131211402$2doi
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=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aRiazi, M. R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aFeedstocks and Products of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Refineries / $cM. R. Riazi, Semih Eser.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131211402
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131211402".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter introduces the feedstocks and products of crude oil and natural gas refineries with a brief summary of biofuels. Classification and characteristics of various reservoir fluids are discussed along with the properties and uses of refinery products including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, petroleum coke, some biofuels, and nonfuel products from petroleum refineries such as solvents, petrochemical feedstocks, lubricants, waxes, asphalts, and petroleum cokes. Different types of reservoir fluids are classified on the basis of their carbon number range and crude oils are classified with respect to their API gravity and sulfur contents. Compositional analysis of these types of feedstocks and the boiling range and carbon number range of various products obtained in refineries are provided as they relate to the applications of fuels and nonfuel products.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiofuels.
=650  \0$aBlack oil.
=650  \0$aCrude oil.
=650  \0$aFuel products.
=650  \0$aPetrochemicals.
=650  \0$aGas condensates.
=650  \0$aNonfuel products.
=650  \0$aReservoir fluids.
=650  \0$aGas refinery products.
=650  \0$aOil refinery products.
=650  \0$aCompositional analysis.
=650  \0$aClassification of crude oils.
=650  \0$aProduct distribution from a crude oil.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aReservoir fluids.
=653  20$anatural gas.
=653  20$agas condensates.
=653  20$ablack oil.
=653  20$acrude oil.
=653  20$aoil refinery products.
=653  20$agas refinery products.
=653  20$afuel products.
=653  20$anonfuel products.
=653  20$apetrochemicals.
=653  20$abiofuels.
=653  20$acompositional analysis.
=653  20$aclassification of crude oils.
=653  20$aproduct distribution from a crude oil.
=700  1\$aEser, Semih, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131211402.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131211402.htm

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=001  MNL5820131211604
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=008  170503c2013||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131211604$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131211604$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aRiazi, M. R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aProperties, Specifications, and Quality of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products / $cM. R. Riazi, Semih Eser.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131211604
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131211604".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter discusses basic properties and specifications of crude oil and refinery products and their significance in commercial applications. These properties include boiling point, density, viscosity, molecular type composition (paraffin, naphthene, aromatic content), elemental analysis, sulfur and metal contents, freezing point, carbon residue, pour point, flash point, cloud point, vapor pressure, flammability range, wax and asphaltene contents, octane number, cetane number, aniline point, and carbonto- hydrogen ratio. Not all of these properties are important for every product and usually additional specifications are required for each fuel, including, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and fuel oil. For heavy products, properties such as viscosity, sulfur content, wax and asphaltene contents, and carbon residues are measured and reported. Specifications recommended for various fuels including biodiesels by standard organizations and manufacturers in the United States and Europe are also presented. Crude assay data include density, viscosity, sulfur content, acidity, metal content, and salt and water contents, and selected assays are presented for several crude oils around the world. Minimum laboratory data needed by designers and operators for crude oil refining and various products are also discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiodiesel.
=650  \0$aProperties.
=650  \0$aCrude assay.
=650  \0$aSpecifications.
=650  \0$aProduct quality.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products.
=650  \0$aStandard test methods.
=650  \0$aEnvironmental standards.
=650  \0$aMinimum laboratory data.
=650  \0$aManufacturer standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aProperties.
=653  20$aspecifications.
=653  20$acrude assay.
=653  20$apetroleum products.
=653  20$aproduct quality.
=653  20$astandard test methods.
=653  20$amanufacturer standards.
=653  20$aenvironmental standards.
=653  20$aULSD.
=653  20$abiodiesel.
=653  20$aminimum laboratory data.
=700  1\$aEser, Semih, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131211604.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131211604.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803170223
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL5820131213523$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL5820131213523$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aShah, Nilay, $eauthor.
=245  10$aIntroduction to Trading, Pricing, and Valuation of Crude Oils and Petroleum Products / $cCheng Seong Khor, Luis A. Ricardez-Sandoval, Ali Elkamel, Nilay Shah.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2013.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2013, Issue 58 (January 2013)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL5820131213523
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL5820131213523".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b30.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter presents a primer on the concepts, systems, and mechanisms of the trading, costing, pricing, and valuation of crude oils and petroleum products. We introduce features of the physical oil and financial paper markets that adopt marker crude oils as pricing benchmarks. To gain a quick appreciation for how the oil markets have evolved, we then present a historical perspective on international crude oil supply, trading, and pricing. Next, we consider the fundamental parameters of the oil markets and the various factors that affect crude oil pricing, including the different sources of price information. We discuss the various mechanisms in which crude oils are priced and how price differentials among different crudes are set to allow the consideration of various important factors. We subsequently extend the analysis to the pricing of petroleum products. Finally, the understanding gained is used to appreciate the roles of costs and profit margins for economic evaluations in the refining industry.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2013. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSwaps.
=650  \0$aForward.
=650  \0$aFutures.
=650  \0$aOptions.
=650  \0$aPricing.
=650  \0$aTrading.
=650  \0$aCrude oil.
=650  \0$aValuation.
=650  \0$aCapital costs.
=650  \0$aPaper markets.
=650  \0$aOperating costs.
=650  \0$aPhysical markets.
=650  \0$aPublished prices.
=650  \0$aRefinery margins.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xRefining.
=650  \0$aNatural gas.
=653  10$aCrude oil.
=653  20$apetroleum products.
=653  20$atrading.
=653  20$aphysical markets.
=653  20$apaper markets.
=653  20$afutures.
=653  20$aforward.
=653  20$aswaps.
=653  20$aoptions.
=653  20$apricing.
=653  20$apublished prices.
=653  20$avaluation.
=653  20$aoperating costs.
=653  20$acapital costs.
=653  20$arefinery margins.
=700  1\$aElkamel, Ali, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKhor, Cheng Seong, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aRicardez-Sandoval, Luis A., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL5820131213523.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL5820131213523.htm

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=008  170503c1974||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186538 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803186361
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11930D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11930D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a691$223
=100  1\$aASTM Committee D12, , $eauthor.
=245  10$aList of Fluorescent Whitening Agents for the Soap and Detergent Industry / $c ASTM Committee D12.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS53 (April 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11930D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11930D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBy far, the largest single consumer of Fluorescent Whitening Agents (FWAs) is the soap and detergent industry. In the past, the identification of these products in test methods, publications, customs declarations, etc. has been primarily limited to individual supplier's trade names which often create confusion and ambiguity. Although several of the products are included in the Colour Index, this compilation is incomplete and, in some instances, inaccurate.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOptical brighteners.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11930D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11930D.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1976||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186545 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803108196
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11948D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11948D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.1/1/08$223
=100  1\$aASTM Committee D12, , $eauthor.
=245  10$aList of Fluorescent Whitening Agents for the Soap and Detergent Industry / $c ASTM Committee D12.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1976.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1976, Issue DS53A (July 1976)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11948D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11948D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBy far, the largest single consumer of Fluorescent Whitening Agents (FWAs) is the soap and detergent industry. In the past, the identification of these products in test methods, publications, customs declarations, etc. has been primarily limited to individual supplier's trade names which often create confusion and ambiguity. Although several of the products are included in the Colour Index, this compilation is incomplete and, in some instances, inaccurate.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1976. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOptical brighteners.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11948D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11948D.htm

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=001  MNL10645M
=003  IN-ChSCO
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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145290 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120617
=020  \\$a0803120613
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10645M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10645M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTH2238
=082  04$a693/.1$223
=245  00$aChapter 2 : Precedents to Modern Stone Cladding : How Stone Became Thin on Building Skins.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 21 (September 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10645M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10645M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSTONE has been present in our building culture since the beginning of human existence. It is important as a permanent, durable material because we perceive it as solid, stout, and secure for shelter; it was the strongest natural substance that seemingly lasted forever. We memorialize our heritage with stone monuments, we build our important institutional edifices of stone. Natural stone makes architecture art.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCurtain walls $xDesign and construction.
=650  \0$aStone veneers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xConstruction $xMasonry. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10645M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10645M.htm

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=008  170503c1995||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145290 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120617
=020  \\$a0803120613
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10647M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=245  00$aChapter 4 : Determining Responsible Design Values : Formulating Load-And-Resistance Factor Design for Exterior Stone Cladding.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 21 (September 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10647M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10647M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEXPERIENCED engineers make design judgements based upon the information pertinent to the project. Responsible decisions consider objective testing of novel portions of a system with subjective comparisons to similar existing work. Regardless of the size of the project, using stone mandates consultation with a qualified designer and experienced installer to determine which information applies to that project.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCurtain walls $xDesign and construction.
=650  \0$aStone veneers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xConstruction $xMasonry. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10647M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10647M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120613
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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 5 : Guide Specification for Stone Cladding Systems.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (95 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 21 (September 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10648M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10648M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Guide Specification for Stone Cladding Systems includes two parts of study. Sections 1, 2, 3, and 4 review variables in work that interface, or surround stone panels and their anchorages. These are boundary conditions that define the support system's intended behavior:.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCurtain walls $xDesign and construction.
=650  \0$aStone veneers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xConstruction $xMasonry. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10648M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10648M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120613
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=245  00$aChapter 3 : The Future of Stone Cladding : Toward Load-and-Resistance Factor Design.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 21 (September 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10646M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10646M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCONTEMPORARY architecture continues to present increasing opportunities to use stone as cladding systems. Dimension stone is more available because fabrication and installation are more economical. Expanded engineering and construction experience need to be included in approach that objectively addresses influencing considerations. The modern methods of design and construction need to be applied to stone cladding.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCurtain walls $xDesign and construction.
=650  \0$aStone veneers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xConstruction $xMasonry. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10646M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10646M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145290 (e-ISBN)
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=020  \\$a0803120613
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=050  \4$aTH2238
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=245  00$aChapter 1 : Introduction to Modern Stone Cladding : Approaching Design with Rational Principles.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue 21 (September 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10644M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10644M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSTONE is a prominent and desirable building cladding. It was first used in massive blocks stacked within loadbearing masonry walls. It is now commonly a thin-skin caulked cladding, which is only facing. As part of the exterior wall, it does not support the building. Stone's structural role is now flexural as facing instead of compressive as blocks, contrary to its natural strength and origin.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCurtain walls $xDesign and construction.
=650  \0$aStone veneers.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xConstruction $xMasonry. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10644M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10644M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120648
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11978D$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11978D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA467
=082  04$a620.1/723$223
=100  1\$aSweet, Beryle G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAtmospheric Corrosion Investigation of Aluminum-Coated, Zinc-Coated, and Copper-Bearing Steel Wire and Wire Products / $cBeryle G. Sweet, Thomas C. Britton.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1995.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (63 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
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=362  0\$aVolume 1995, Issue DS65 (June 1995)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11978D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11978D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCommittee A5 on Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products was organized in 1907 to investigate the corrosion of iron and steel. In 1908, the Committee sponsored its first atmospheric exposure of metallic-coated wires to evaluate their corrosion resistance. Since this date, there have been a considerable number of test programs involving wire, sheet, and hardware. Of particular interest is the program initiated in 1936 and reported on in ASTM STP 290 entitled Twenty-Year Atmospheric Corrosion Investigation of Zinc-Coated and Uncoated Wire and Wire Products by Fred M. Reinhart.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1995. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel wire $xCorrosion.
=650  \0$aCorrosion and anti-corrosives.
=700  1\$aBritton, Thomas C., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11978D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11978D.htm

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=020  \\$a0803133618
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=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a665.5$223
=245  00$aChapter 4-Characterization of Reservoir Fluids and Crude Oils.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (43 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 50 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11404M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11404M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b47.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAs discussed in chapter 1, reservoir fluids are in the forms of natural gases, gas condensates, volatile oils, and black oils. As shown in Table 1.1, these fluids contain hydrocarbons from C1 to compounds with carbon number greater than 50. Composition of a reservoir fluid is generally expressed in mol% of nonhydrocarbon compounds (i.e., H2S, CO2, N2), C1, C2, C3, nC4, iC4, nC5, iC5, C6, and C7+. The boiling range of reservoir fluids can be greater than 550C (~>1000F). Crude oil is produced by separating light gases from a reservoir fluid and bringing its condition to surface atmospheric pressure and temperature. Therefore, crude oils are generally free from methane and contain little ethane. The main difference between various reservoir fluid and produced crude oil is in their composition, as shown in Table 1.1. Amount of methane reduces from natural gas to gas condensate, volatile oil, black oil, and crude oil while amount of heavier compounds (i.e., C7+) increase in the same direction. Characterization of reservoir fluids and crude oils mainly involves characterization of hydrocarbonplus fractions generally expressed in terms of C7+ fractions. These fractions are completely different from petroleum fractions discussed in Chapter 3. A C7+ fraction of a crude oil has a very wide boiling range in comparison with a petroleum product and contains more complex and heavy compounds. Usually the only information available for a C7+ fraction is the mole fraction, molecular weight, and specific gravity. The characterization procedure involves how to present this mixture in terms of arbitrary number of subfractions (pseudocomponents) with known mole fraction, boiling point, specific gravity, and molecular weight. This approach is called pseudoization. The main objective of this chapter is to present methods of characterization of hydrocarbon-plus fractions, which involves prediction of distribution of hydrocarbons in the mixture and to represent the fluid in terms of several narrow range subfractions. However, for natural gases and gas condensate fluids that are rich in low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons simple relations have been proposed in the literature. In this chapter types of data available for reservoir fluids and crude oils are discussed followed by characterization of natural gases. Then physical properties of single carbon number (SCN) groups are presented. Three distribution models for properties of hydrocarbon plus fractions are introduced and their application in characterization of reservoir fluids is examined. Finally, the proposed methods are used to calculate some properties of crude oils. Accuracy of characterization of reservoir fluids largely depends on the distribution model used to express component distribution as well as characterization methods of petroleum fractions discussed in Chapter 2 to estimate properties of the narrow boiling range pseudocomponents.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aPtrole $xAnalyse.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPetroleum. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11404M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11404M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a665.5$223
=245  00$aChapter 7-Applications : Estimation of Thermophysical Properties.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (32 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 50 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11407M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11407M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b36.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe last three chapters of this book deal with application of methods presented in previous chapters to estimate various thermodynamic, physical, and transport properties of petroleum fractions. In this chapter, various methods for prediction of physical and thermodynamic properties of pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures, petroleum fractions, crude oils, natural gases, and reservoir fluids are presented. As it was discussed in Chapters 5 and 6, properties of gases may be estimated more accurately than properties of liquids. Theoretical methods of Chapters 5 and 6 for estimation of thermophysical properties generally can be applied to both liquids and gases; however, more accurate properties can be predicted through empirical correlations particularly developed for liquids. When these correlations are developed with some theoretical basis, they are more accurate and have wider range of applications. In this chapter some of these semitheoretical correlations are presented. Methods presented in Chapters 5 and 6 can be used to estimate properties such as density, enthalpy, heat capacity, heat of vaporization, and vapor pressure. Characterization methods of Chapters 2-4 are used to determine the input parameters needed for various predictive methods. One important part of this chapter is prediction of vapor pressure that is needed for vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations of Chapter 9.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aPtrole $xAnalyse.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPetroleum. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11407M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11407M.htm

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=008  170503c1973||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186507 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803100909
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11919D$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11919D$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL153.5
=082  04$a620.1/1/08$223
=100  1\$aASTM Committee D02, , $eauthor.
=245  10$aShear Stability of Multigrade Crankcase Oil / $c ASTM Committee D02.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1973.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (116 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1973, Issue DS49 (June 1973)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11919D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11919D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aExtensive field test data have been obtained which can serve as a basis for evaluating the ability of various laboratory methods to predict the shear stability of multigrade crankcase oils. This basis was developed by determining the average viscosity changes of one single grade and twelve multigrade reference oils in six separate car fleets. The twelve multigrade oils were formulated with all of the chemical types of VI improvers currently in use, or likely to be used, in the near future.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1973. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xTesting.
=650  \0$aShear (Mechanics)
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11919D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11919D.htm

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=008  170503c1975||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803186477 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803101388
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11858D$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11858D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.1/1/08$223
=100  1\$aSimmons, Ward F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCompilation and Index of Trade Names, Specifications, and Producers of Stainless Alloys and Superalloys / $cWard F. Simmons, Russell B. Gunia.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1975.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (53 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1975, Issue DS45A (March 1975)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11858D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11858D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of this compilation is the tying together of the trade names, producers' designations, and specifications for stainless steels and superalloys, thus easing the problem of identifying some of these alloys. This publication is not intended as a procurement directory or buyer's guide.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1975. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel alloys $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aStainless steel $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=700  1\$aGunia, Russell B., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11858D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11858D.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a691$223
=100  1\$aPesut, R. N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Cooperative Study of the Precision and Accuracy of the Determination of the Relative Density of Black Smoke / $cJ. E. Howes, R. N. Pesut, J. F. Foster.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (48 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS55S10 (August 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11936D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11936D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn 1971 in recognition of the important relationship between the measurement and the effective control of air pollution, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) initiated a pioneering program, designated Project Threshold, to validate methods for measuring contaminants in the ambient atmosphere and in source emissions. The first phase of the program was devoted to evaluation of methods for measuring the content of nitrogen dioxide (D 1607-69), sulfur dioxide (D 2914-70T), dustfall (D 1739-70) total sulfation (D 2010-65), particulate matter (D 1704-61), and lead (D 3112) in the atmosphere(1-5)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNitrogen dioxide.
=650  \0$aSmoke.
=650  \0$aSulfur oxides.
=700  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHowes, J. E., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11936D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11936D.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 7-Reference Junctions.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10635M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10635M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b22.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA thermocouple circuit is, as shown in Fig. 7.1, by its nature a differential measuring device, producing an emf which is a function of the temperatures of its two junctions. One of these junctions is at the temperature which is to be measured and is referred to as the measuring junction. The other junctions are at a known temperature and are referred to as the reference junction. (In a practical thermocouple circuit (see Section 2.3) copper wires are often connected to the thermocouple alloy conductors at the reference junction. The term reference junctions will be used to refer to this situation.) If these junctions are both at the same temperature, the presence of the copper intermediate metal introduces no change in the thermocouple's emf [1]. Refer to Sections 2.4 for a discussion of this theory.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10635M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10635M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145245 (e-ISBN)
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=037  \\$aMNL10634M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC274
=082  04$a536/.52$223
=245  00$aChapter 6-Thermocouple Output Measurements.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10634M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10634M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe basic principle of thermoelectric thermometry is that a thermocouple develops an emf which is a function of the difference in temperature of its measuring and reference junctions. If the temperature of the reference junction is known, or compensated for by the use of a reference junction as described in Chapter 7, the temperature of the measuring junction can be determined by measuring the emf generated in the circuit. The use of a thermocouple in temperature measurements, therefore, requires the use of an instrument capable of measuring the output voltage of the Thermocouple circuit.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10634M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10634M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145245 (e-ISBN)
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=245  00$aChapter 10-Reference Tables for Thermocouples.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (25 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10638M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10638M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe practical use of thermocouples in industrial and laboratory applications requires that the thermocouple conform to an established temperature-electromotive force relationship within acceptable tolerances. Since the thermocouple in a thermoelectric thermometer system is usually expendable, conformance to established temperature-emf relationships is necessary in order to permit interchangeability.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10638M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10638M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803114661
=020  \\$a0803114664
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10639M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10639M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC274
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=245  00$aChapter 11-Cryogenics.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10639M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10639M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe discussion in this chapter very loosely interprets the cryogenic temperature range to include temperatures from 280 K down to absolute zero, 0 K. Many aspects of thermocouple usage are the same at cryogenic temperatures as they are at higher temperatures; for example, the basic principles, as discussed in Chapter 2, the material descriptions and precautions in Chapter 3, and the measurement systems in Chapter 6, apply to both high and low temperatures. There are, however, significant differences in selection of wire size, insulations, and methods of practical usage [1, 2]. Some significant high-temperature problems such as oxidation, reduction, migration, and annealing are not present to the same degree in low-temperature applications.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10639M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10639M.htm

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=008  170503c1993||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145245 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114661
=020  \\$a0803114664
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10631M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10631M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC274
=082  04$a536/.52$223
=245  00$aChapter 3-Thermocouple Materials.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (44 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10631M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10631M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe commonly used thermocouple types are identified by letter designations originally assigned by the Instrument Society of America (ISA) and adopted as an American Standard in ANSI MC 96.1. This chapter covers general application data on the atmospheres in which each thermocouple type can be used, recommended temperature ranges, limitations, etc. Physical and thermoelectric properties of the thermoelement materials used in each of these thermocouple types are also presented in this section.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10631M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10631M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145245 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114661
=020  \\$a0803114664
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10630M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10630M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC274
=082  04$a536/.52$223
=245  00$aChapter 2-Principles of Thermoelectric Thermometry.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (39 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10630M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10630M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b37.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis manual is for those who use thermocouples for practical thermometry. It simplifies the essential principles of thermoelectric thermometry for the incidental user; yet, it provides a' technically sound basis for general understanding. It focuses on thermocouples, circuits, and hardware of the kind ordinarily used in routine laboratory and industrial practice.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10630M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10630M.htm

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=008  170503c1993||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145245 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114661
=020  \\$a0803114664
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10633M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10633M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC274
=082  04$a536/.52$223
=245  00$aChapter 5-Sheathed, Compacted, Ceramic-Insulated Thermocouples.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10633M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10633M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCompacted ceramic insulated thermocouple material consists of three parts as shown in Fig. 5.1. This type of thermocouple is in common use because it isolates the thermocouple wires from environments that may cause rapid deterioration and provides excellent high-temperature insulation for thermocouple wires. The sheath can be made of a metal compatible with the process in which it is being used and provides mechanical protection. The material is easy to use because it forms easily, retains the bent configuration, and is readily fabricated into finished thermocouple assemblies.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10633M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10633M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 4-Typical Thermocouple Designs.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (21 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10632M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10632M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA complete thermocouple temperature sensing assembly, in accordance with the present state of the art, consists of one or more of the following: A. Sensing Element Assembly B. Protecting Tube C. Thermowell D. Terminations E. Miscellaneous Hardware.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10632M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10632M.htm

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=050  \4$aQC274
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=245  00$aChapter 13-Terminology.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10641M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10641M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10641M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10641M.htm

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=008  170503c1993||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145245 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114661
=020  \\$a0803114664
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10636M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10636M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC274
=082  04$a536/.52$223
=245  00$aChapter 8-Calibration of Thermocouples.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (28 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10636M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10636M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b31.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe calibration of a thermocouple consists of the determination of its electromotive force (emf) at a sufficient number of known temperatures so that, with some accepted means of interpolation, its emf will be known over the entire temperature range in which it is to be used. The process requires a reference thermometer to indicate temperatures on a standard scale, a means for measuring the emf of the thermocouple, and a controlled environment in which the thermocouple and the reference thermometer can be brought to the same temperature. Some of the more commonly used techniques for accomplishing such calibrations will be discussed in this chapter.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10636M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10636M.htm

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=008  170503c1993||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145245 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114661
=020  \\$a0803114664
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10640M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10640M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQC274
=082  04$a536/.52$223
=245  00$aChapter 12-Temperature Measurement Uncertainty.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1993.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1993, Issue 12 (January 1993)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10640M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10640M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEvery measurement has associated with it an error. This is a real certain value which exists but cannot be known. It is different from the uncertainty of the measurement, which reflects only our lack of understanding of the error. This chapter deals primarily with the uncertainty.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1993. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aThermocouples.
=650  \0$aTemperature measurements.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10640M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10640M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2002||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145481 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120952
=020  \\$a0803120958
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10423M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10423M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP156.C8
=082  04$a668.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 8 Ultraviolet Radiation-Curable Powder Coatings.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2002.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2002, Issue 45 (January 2002)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10423M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10423M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b24.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPOWDER COATING ROSE to prominence in the early 1970s when there was both an energy shortage accompanied with high costs and a move by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to reduce markedly the amount of certain organic solvents, now known as VOC or volatile organic content, in coating formulations. Powder coatings are solvent-free coatings that can be thermoplastic or thermoset in nature. Thermoplastic powders can be applied to substrates by fluidized bed or electrostatic spray techniques. These powders only require heat to liquefy the particles and make them flow into a smooth coating. The coated object then cools to ambient conditions to form the coating.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2002. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRadiation curing.
=650  \0$aPlastic coating.
=650  \0$aRadiation $xIndustrial applications.
=650  \0$aUltraviolet radiation $xIndustrial applications.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10423M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10423M.htm

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=008  170503c2002||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145481 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120952
=020  \\$a0803120958
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10416M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10416M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP156.C8
=082  04$a668.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 1 Radiation Curing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2002.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2002, Issue 45 (January 2002)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10416M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10416M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBEFORE THE EARLY 1970s, there was little apparent concern or even awareness of the amount of solvent that entered the atmosphere from coatings and allied products. As a result, in the early 1970s over 90% of applied industrial coatings were low solids in nature. That is, they contained from 10% to 20% by weight solids, excluding pigments or other suspended materials, and the remainder was solvent. Industrial coatings at that time were typified as being low solids and solvent borne. Architectural coatings, commonly known as house paints and varnish, were also solvent borne, and latexes were really just coming into commercial reality. In those days, many people said that latexes did not have the quality of oil-based paints-many latex paints did not. Today, latex house paints are prevalent, but because of their excellent application characteristics and properties, oil-based paints still have a solid place in the market. However, their slow drying nature and odor remain as deficiencies. Even latex paints are relatively slow drying.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2002. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRadiation curing.
=650  \0$aPlastic coating.
=650  \0$aRadiation $xIndustrial applications.
=650  \0$aUltraviolet radiation $xIndustrial applications.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10416M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10416M.htm

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=008  170503c2002||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145481 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120952
=020  \\$a0803120958
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10424M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10424M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP156.C8
=082  04$a668.4$223
=245  00$aChapter 9 Dual-Cure Mechanisms.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2002.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2002, Issue 45 (January 2002)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10424M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10424M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b32.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHERE ARE TIMES when radiation curing alone may be limited in its ability to effect cure. The technique depends on line-of-sight contact of radiation with molecules that can be activated to initiate polymerization. If an object has shadowed areas, as for example, under the chips or other components on a printed circuit assembly, no cure will take place in the shadowed area unless a means of directing radiation under the component is devised. Similar difficulties can be encountered on other three-dimensional objects. The main reason for seeking a system that can be cured with radiation, followed by another means of curing or vice-versa, is to overcome or alleviate such difficulties, as well as to improve properties. The use of two or more mechanisms to effect cure is known as dual cure or hybrid cure. The usual goal of such cure systems is to take advantage of the extremely rapid cure rate of radiation induced curing and obtain a tack-free system, and ultimate properties are obtained in the second step, typically, a thermally induced cure.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2002. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aRadiation curing.
=650  \0$aPlastic coating.
=650  \0$aRadiation $xIndustrial applications.
=650  \0$aUltraviolet radiation $xIndustrial applications.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10424M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10424M.htm

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=008  170503c1959||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184145 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170032
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10101B$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10101B$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL272.54
=082  04$a629.28/26$223
=100  1\$aWycoff, John C., $eauthor.
=245  10$aASTM Bulletin January 1959 / $c , P. L. Rogers, John C. Wycoff, Harold L. Cahn, Royal V. Mackey.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1959.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (79 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1959, Issue 1 (January 1959)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10101B
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10101B".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1959. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAutomotive event data recorders.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xDynamics $xData processing.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xCrash tests.
=700  1\$aCahn, Harold L., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aMackey, Royal V., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aRogers, P. L., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10101B.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10101B.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
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=100  1\$aWard, Cindy, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bFrance / $cChristel Adam, Grace Brannan, Cindy Ward.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11106M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11106M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFrance is the largest country in Western Europe, with a vast maritime zone (exclusive economic zone extending over 11 million sq. km). The total area is 547 030 sq. km.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aAdam, Christel, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aBrannan, Grace, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11106M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11106M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
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=100  1\$aMucci, Andrea, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bArgentina / $cGuillermo Hough, Andrea Mucci, Liliana Graciela Findling.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11102M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11102M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Argentine Republic is located at the southernmost part of the American Continent. Its area is 3.7 million sq. km, including 964 000 sq. km of the Antarctic Continental area and the South Atlantic Islands. Continental Argentina is 3700 km long, extending between 22 and 55 latitude. This large extension determines great variations in climate, going from subtropical in the North to the cold climate in the South. The prevailing climate is mild. Bear in mind that seasons are reverse to those in the Northern Hemisphere.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aFindling, Liliana Graciela, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHough, Guillermo, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11102M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11102M.htm

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=100  1\$aGuerrero, Luis, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bSpain / $cLuis Guerrero, Julin Briz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11115M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11115M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIt is difficult to define the average Spanish consumer. Spain is a complex country where a mixture of very different cultures have a common language but different regional languages, values, and traditions. This diversity represents an important handicap in order to select the consumers for a survey. Normally it will be necessary to recruit a large amount of individuals to include all of this cultural richness and to obtain an adequate image which reflects the real country.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aBriz, Julin, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11115M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11115M.htm

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=100  1\$aStanton, Karen, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bNew Zealand and Australia / $cSheryl Cook, Karen Stanton.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11112M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11112M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBoth New Zealand and Australia represent important markets in the Oceanic region, with a total population of approximately 24 million. New Zealand and Australia were both colonies of the British Empire and have many customs and traditions that originated in the UK.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aCook, Sheryl, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11112M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11112M.htm

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=100  1\$aGoldman, Anne, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bCanada / $cArlene Cameron, Anne Goldman, Chris J. Findlay.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11104M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11104M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCanada is located in the northern half of North America, and covers a land mass of 9 97 610 km2. The southern Canadian border of 8892 km is shared with the United States. Much of the Canadian population is concentrated along this border. Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories. There are six time zones across Canada. Newfoundland is 3 hours and 30 minutes behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Other time zones are the Atlantic (4 hours behind GMT), Eastern (5 hours behind GMT),Central (6 hours behind GMT),Rocky Mountain (7 hours behindGMT) and the Pacific, 8 hours behind GMT.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aCameron, Arlene, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aFindlay, Chris J., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11104M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11104M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
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=100  1\$aLessard, Leisa, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bUnited States / $cSheryl Karow, Bree Klawien, Leisa Lessard.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11118M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11118M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAll comments regarding the United States consumer and culture will be representative of a range of customs, habits, and underlying implicit values for the culture. This document is being written for use with all consumer products.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aKarow, Sheryl, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKlawien, Bree, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11118M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11118M.htm

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=245  00$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (1 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11100M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11100M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11100M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11100M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803156906 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142640
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11111M$2doi
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
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=100  1\$aYuksel, Dogan, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bThe Netherlands / $cDogan Yuksel.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11111M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11111M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Netherlands is a Western European country between Belgium and Germany. Partly reclaimed from the waters of the North Sea, half of it lies at or below sea level (-7 m lowest point and 321 m highest point). Although the Netherlands' total area is relatively small, it is-with a population of almost 16 millions-one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The people of the world know that the Dutch people have generous and tolerant social qualities.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11111M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11111M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
=082  04$a382$223
=100  1\$aWard, Cindy, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bPhilippines / $cGrace D. Brannan, Maria Rita Salle, Cindy Ward.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11113M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11113M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Philippines is bounded on the east by the South China Sea and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The archipelago is composed of approximately 7100 islands. The total area is 300 000 sq. km (298 170 sq. km land and 1830 sq. km water). The three main islands are Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Luzon, the largest of the three islands, lies north and is home to Manila, the capital city, and the seat of government. The Visayan Islands are in the central region and are composed of Cebu, Bohol, Negros, Panay, Samar, and Leyte. The southern islands of Mindanao are the second largest and are composed of Camiguin, Basilan, and the Sulu Islands.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aBrannan, Grace D., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aSalle, Maria Rita, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11113M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11113M.htm

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=100  1\$aPedrero Fuehrer, Daniel L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bMexico / $cDaniel L. Pedrero Fuehrer, Carlos Ivn Mndez Gallardo.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11110M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11110M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMexican culture can't be individualized. Mexico is formed from several distinctive native settlers and conquerors. Mexico has a very ancient history that has passed through bloody battles, socio-culturepolitical, and religious impositions, and finally the amalgamating time factor has created amixture of ethnic groups that live peacefully together. Mexican culture is attractive, basically because of its plurality in cuisine, exotic fruits, and resorts, ruins, the cheerfulness of its people, and its mysticism (reflected in its sorcerers, ancient temples, and herbal medicine). Of course, without forgetting the actual political transition after 72 years in power by one political party (Matte and Balderas 2003)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aMndez Gallardo, Carlos Ivn, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11110M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11110M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aOupadissakoon, Chintana, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bThailand / $cVarapha Kongpensook, Edgar Chambers, Chintana Oupadissakoon.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11116M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11116M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThailand is divided into 76 provinces (changwad) with five main regions (Central, Northern, Northeastern, Southern, and Eastern) with a diversity of landscape and natural resources.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aChambers, Edgar, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKongpensook, Varapha, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11116M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11116M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
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=100  1\$aKohl, Therese M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bBrazil / $cEliete Vaz de Faria, Therese M. Kohl.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11103M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11103M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAs a consequence of its history and large area, Brazil is a country of contrasts and cultural differences among people from different geographical regions.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$ade Faria, Eliete Vaz, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11103M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11103M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803142640
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11109M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
=082  04$a382$223
=100  1\$aKim, Sang Sook, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bRepublic of Korea / $cKwang-Ok Kim, Sang Sook Kim, Seojin Chung, Grace Brannan.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11109M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11109M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aRepublic of Korea, also known as South Korea, is situated on the Korean Peninsula, which spans 1100 kilometres from north to south. The Korean Peninsula is located on the northeast section of the Asian Continent and is adjacent to China and Japan. South Korea's total area, including over 3000 islands, is about 99 373 km2. Korea is politically separated into North and South Korea, which are two independent countries. Approximately 45% of the Korean Peninsula constitutes the territory of South Korea (http://www.korea.net by Korean Overseas Information Service)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aBrannan, Grace, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aChung, Seojin, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKim, Kwang-Ok, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11109M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11109M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803142640
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11108M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11108M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
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=100  1\$aTaniguchi, Asako, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bJapan / $cAki Nakao, Asako Taniguchi.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11108M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11108M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aJapan is located in East Asia and consists of five island districts (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa), surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, the Sea of Japan, and the Sea of Ohotsuku. The total area is 377 835 sq. km (The World Factbook 2005). Honshu is the largest island with the capital, Tokyo. The climate varies from humid tropical in the south (Okinawa) to humid continental and cool summer in the north (Hokkaido). The climate of Honshu (the main island) is humid continental and warm summers. The official language is Japanese.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aNakao, Aki, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11108M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11108M.htm

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=037  \\$aMNL11114M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
=082  04$a382$223
=100  1\$aMazur, Jagoda, $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bPoland / $cJagoda Mazur, Henryka Komanska, Malgorzata Jablonska.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11114M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11114M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMarketing and product research are new phenomena in Poland. Until 1990, the country had a centrally planned economy and there were few choices in each category of consumable goods. The change in the economic and political system spurred fast economic growth. Many multi-national companies moved quickly into the Polish market. Polish consumers enjoy a living standard among the highest of the former Eastern-block countries. On May 1, 2004, Poland joined the EU and became part of the EU commonmarket. Prior to the accession, Poland had to implement all necessary political, judiciary, and economical reforms to be able to cope with market forces within the Union.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aJablonska, Malgorzata, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKomanska, Henryka, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11114M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11114M.htm

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=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
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=100  1\$aMarshall, Richard J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bUnited Kingdom / $cRichard J. Marshall.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11117M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11117M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe UK is a multicultural society consisting of mainly Anglo-Saxon-European descendants with major Welsh, Scottish, Afro-Caribbean, Asian, and other European groups. There has been considerable mixing of cultures in many areas but also many ethnic groups wish to maintain their cultural heritage. This results in amajority who tend to be somewhat reticent in their attitudes overlaid by a still-strong element of class-consciousness. On the other hand, some of the ethnic groups can be very demonstrative and keen to participate in society. It is noticeable that even the traditionally reserved Englishman is now more likely to speak his, or her, mind.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11117M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11117M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803142640
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11107M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTS175.5
=082  04$a382$223
=100  1\$aStephen, Samuel N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bRepublic of India / $cSamuel N. Stephen, Patricia A. Keane.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 55 (May 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11107M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11107M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Republic of India is located in South Asia with a coastline of over seven thousand kilometres. India shares its borders with Pakistan, the People's Republic of China, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Afghanistan. Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and Indonesia are the adjacent island nations. India is the second most populous country in the world, with a population of more than one billion, and is the seventh largest country by geographical area. Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \0$aInternational trade.
=700  1\$aKeane, Patricia A., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11107M.
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=100  1\$aYang, Zi., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInternational Consumer Product Testing Across Cultures and Countries : $bChina / $cZi. Yang, Shannon Lu, Gregg A. Nicoll.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11105M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Chinese economy has grown rapidly during the past two decades as a result of the open-door policy towards trade, investment, and intellectual exchange; this has brought China closer economically and culturally to the developed western world. Western culture and imported products have been gradually embraced to varying extents and in different ways. For example, the Chinese people have become more open to expressing their opinions-especially the younger generation. And consumption of consumer goods, including imported products, has dramatically increased during the past 5-10 years; the choice and type of products are increasing daily. Consequently, Chinese consumers have developed many similarities to other countries with regard to the type of product benefits desired. However, the uniqueness of the Chinese culture, the diversity of the people, influences of local traditions and history, economic regional differences, etc., still have a substantial influence on consumer desires and needs. Equally, this uniqueness also influences how consumer research is done within China.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=700  1\$aNicoll, Gregg A., $eauthor.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11105M.
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=100  1\$aStahl, W. H., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCompilation of Odor and Taste Threshold Values Data / $cW. H. Stahl.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1973.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1973, Issue DS48 (May 1973)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11844D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11844D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report is truly the result of a committee effort. The editor would like to express his sincere appreciation for the efforts of the very many members of ASTM Committee E-18, too numerous to list separately who, over the several years of preparation for this publication, have given freely of their time. A significant number of the compounds reported on have been given to us from the personal files of Dr. Birger Drake of the Swedish Institute for Food Preservation Research. In particular, he would like to extend special thanks to Mr. Harry McDaniel of the Proctor and Gamble Company for his extensive help in the keypunching of this information. Prof. John Powers of the University of Georgia was particularly helpful in assisting in the writing of the introduction.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1973. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSmell $xThreshold $xData processing.
=650  \0$aTaste $xThreshold $xData processing.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation $xData processing.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation $xData processing.
=650  \0$a{7F}Information storage and retrieval systems $xMaterials $xCode numbers.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11844D.
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=100  1\$aSchupp, E. O., $eauthor.
=245  10$aGas Chromatographic Data Compilation / $cE. O. Schupp, J. S. Lewis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1967.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1967, Issue DS25A (July 1967)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11830D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11830D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFor the past several years an increasing amount of gas chromatographic data has been published for a wide variety of materials. A system for compiling published data as well as privately generated data was developed by the Gas Chromatography Subcommittee of the Tennessee Eastman Company Analytical Committee[1]. Data are coded in a standard form and are stored in IBM cards. When desired, the retention data can be retrieved directly from the cards or from listings of the accumulated data which are produced periodically.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1967. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGas chromatography $xTables.
=700  1\$aLewis, J. S., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11830D.
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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a691$223
=100  1\$aFoster, J. F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInterlaboratory Cooperative Study of the Precision and Accuracy of the Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide Content in the Atmosphere / $cJ. F. Foster, G. H. Beatty.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (78 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS55 (March 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11945D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11945D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report presents the results obtained from an experimental study of the accuracy and precision of the measurement of atmospheric levels of nitrogen dioxide using the Griess-Saltzman reaction according to ASTM Method D 1607(1). The evaluation of D 1607 was performed as part of the first phase of Project Threshold, a comprehensive program to validate ASTM methods of measuring various atmospheric contaminants, including also sulfur dioxide, lead, dustfall, total sulfation, and particulate matter in Phase 1.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAir $xPollution $xMeasurement.
=650  \0$aAtmospheric nitrogen dioxide.
=700  1\$aBeatty, G. H., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11945D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11945D.htm

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=100  1\$aHawthorne, J. R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aRadiation Effects Information Generated on the ASTM Reference Correlation-Monitor Steels / $cJ. R. Hawthorne.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1974.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (79 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1974, Issue DS54 (July 1974)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11933D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11933D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b27.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis volume is yet another splendid example of scientific and engineering progress that can be achieved through voluntary cooperation. It is typical of the programs conducted under the auspices of ASTM which lead to the world respected voluntary consensus ASTM standards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1974. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSteel $xEffect of radiation on $xTables.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11933D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11933D.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145184 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114159
=020  \\$a080311415X
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=050  \4$aT55.3.H3
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=245  00$aPurpose Statement.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (57 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 10 (December 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10627M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10627M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe material contained in this document is intended to be used in planning and training. Planning a response and training personnel are necessary to assure the safest, most effective, handling of a hazardous material incident. It must be recognized that all plans are subject to modification based on the actual facts of the situation. The flow charts are designed to assist the on-scene emergency responder in the decision-making process during the handling of a hazardous material incident.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents $vHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $vGeneral. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aHazardous substances $xAccidents.
=650  \0$aTecnologia.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10627M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10627M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA479.C5
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=100  1\$aVanEcho, John A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aSupplemental Report on the Elevated-Temperature Properties of Chromium-Molybdenum Steels / $cJohn A. VanEcho, Ward F. Simmons.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1966.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (66 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1966, Issue DS6S1 (June 1966)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11882D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11882D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis compilation is a graphical summary of the elevated-temperature mechanical-property data for commercially produced chromium-molybdenum steels. The data were collected through the efforts of the Data and Publications Panel of the ASTM-ASME Joint Committee on Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Metals.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1966. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $xEffect of high temperatures on.
=650  \0$aChromium-molybdenum steel.
=700  1\$aSimmons, Ward F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11882D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11882D.htm

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=050  \4$aTP690.45
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=100  1\$aMontemayor, Rey G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1 : Introduction and a Brief Historical Background / $cRey G. Montemayor.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 51 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11421M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11421M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b26.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHOSE OF US ASSOCIATED WITH THE PETROLEUM industry know that crude oil and the various petroleum fractions and products derived from it consist of a complex mixture of various components, mostly hydrocarbons. Some of these components are quite volatile, and some are not so volatile. It is fairly recognized that the different petroleum fractions and products have inherent volatility characteristics. Volatility is defined as the tendency or ability of a material to change from a liquid state to gaseous state. When dealing with petroleum products, the principal volatility characteristics that are significant are distillation, vapor pressure, and flammability. This manual deals with the practice of distillation and vapor pressure measurement either in the laboratory or at on-line facilities. Although flammability characteristics of various petroleum products measured by flash point determination provide significant volatility information, this work specifically excludes discussion of flash point measurement because there is a separate manual currently being written on the subject of flash point measurement in petroleum products. The chapters that follow provide information and discussions on the different aspects of measuring distillation and vapor pressure characteristics, with the purpose of clarifying and providing a better understanding of the various test methods. This work focuses on current standard test methods used by practitioners of distillation and vapor pressure measurements in the petroleum industry world-wide. Specifically, the standard test methods discussed are American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) test methods, recognizing that there are equivalent and/or similar standard test methods in other countries as well. A cross reference of ASTM with other national standards from various countries (if known or available) are given in the appropriate chapters. The significance and use of the measured distillation and vapor pressure characteristics are covered in the chapters on specific petroleum products, such as spark-ignition engine fuels, diesel and other middle distillate fuels, aviation fuels, crude oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and hydrocarbon solvents. Laboratory testing or measurement of the various properties and characteristics of various petroleum fractions and products serves to provide information about these materials, which can be used for research purposes, refinery plant control, and verifying the conformance to specified values in product specifications. Necessarily, the complexity of the test methods used must be consistent with the accuracy required to provide convenient and timely data about the characteristics of the materials being tested. The test methods must be standardized so that reproducible results may be obtained by different operators in various region or parts of the world using similar test equipment. ASTM test methods are widely used all over the world, and the test methods and specifications covered in this work are prime examples of standardized test methods that have withstood the test of time since their early inception.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11421M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11421M.htm

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=100  1\$aMontemayor, Rey G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 2 : Distillation Measurement at Atmospheric Pressure / $cRey G. Montemayor.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11422M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11422M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER INCLUDES THE DETAILS OF DIStillation measurement test methods for petroleum products performed at atmospheric pressure. The test methods covered are ASTM D86-04b Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure [1], D850-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials [2], and D1078 Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids [2]. The salient features of these test methods are discussed in detail to provide information that is essential to a fuller understanding of the test procedure and to allow the practitioners of this measurement to perform the test in a manner assuring conformance to the method. Examples are given for calculations required to illustrate how reported distillation results are obtained, and explanations are provided for details of the test method that may not be obvious to users of the method. A brief discussion of D402-02 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Cut-Back Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products [3] will be given at the end of the chapter to complete the discussion on distillation measurements for petroleum products.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11422M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11422M.htm

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=100  1\$aLau, Alex T. C., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 6 : An Overview of On-Line Measurement for Distillation and Vapor Pressure / $cAlex T. C. Lau, Michael A. Collier.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 51 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11426M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11426M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAS WE HAVE SEEN IN PREVIOUS CHAPTERS, THE measurement of distillation and vapor pressure characteristics are vital pieces of information for the classification and volatility property certification of petroleum products. While these measurements are typically conducted under standard laboratory conditions and practices, there also exists a need for measurement of these same parameters under the dynamic conditions encountered during the actual production process of these fuels and other products. This chapter provides a high level, non-technical overview to introduce readers to the subject matter. Measurements under these types of dynamic conditions are generally accomplished through the application of on-line analytical instrumentation systems. These systems are designed to tap, either directly or indirectly, into the process streams contained within a refineries production facility. These systems are generally capable of making continuous or periodic measurements of the distillation or vapor pressure characteristic during the actual dynamic production of the product. This provides for near continuous feedback of information about the volatility characteristics of a product directly to the process plant operators, such that the necessary adjustments to key process parameters can be made in order to have the final product meet the desired (or targeted) volatility properties. In modern day refineries, this process control function is typically carried out through automated control systems based on complex mathematical models of the manufacturing process, with the plant operators acting primarily in a supervisory role and to deal with unexpected disturbances. Last but not least, the on-line measurement system produced results can be used in providing continuous quality control and statistical analysis of the volatility properties of the monitored product stream. The design of these on-line measurement systems is non-trivial. For most applications, the design considerations begin with the process control requirement and objective. Since these systems are intended to operate continuously, unsupervised, and within the production facility, system hardware design must meet specific safety requirements and standards developed through ASTM, ISA, and other industry consortiums.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=700  1\$aCollier, Michael A., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11426M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11426M.htm

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=100  1\$aWorkman, D. Susan, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 4 : Simulated Distillation Measurement / $cD. Susan Workman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11424M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b25.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDISTILLATION IS THE MOST WIDELY USED SEPARAtion process in the petroleum industry. Knowledge of the boiling range of crude oils, refined fractions, and finished products has been an essential part of quality determination since the beginning of the refining industry. Routine laboratory scale physical distillation tests have been extensively used for determining the boiling ranges of crude feedstocks, distillation fractions, and a complete slate of refinery products (ASTM methods D86, D1160, D2892, and D5236) [14]. An alternative to physical distillation or true boiling point distillation is simulated distillation by gas chromatography. Eggerston et al. first described simulated distillation in 1960 [5]. Simulated distillation (SD) is equivalent to a 100 theoretical-plate physical distillation, is very rapid, reproducible, and easily automated, requires only a small microlitre sample volume, and can better define initial and final boiling points. Boiling range distribution data are used to evaluate new crude oils, to confirm crude quality, to monitor crude quality during transportation, and to provide information for the optimization of refinery processes. The ability to quickly and reliably evaluate crude oils and fractions has important economic implications. The full development of simulated distillation methods as routine procedures has had a significant impact on the ability to determine boiling point information for crude oils and petroleum products.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11424M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11424M.htm

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=100  1\$aGibbs, L. M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 8 : Distillation and Vapor Pressure Data in Spark-Ignition Fuels / $cB. R. Bonazza, L. M. Gibbs.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 51 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11428M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11428M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE VOLATILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF A SPARKignition engine fuel are of prime importance to the driveability of vehicles under all conditions encountered in normal service. The large variations in operating conditions and wide ranges of atmospheric temperatures and pressures impose many requirements on a fuel if it is to give satisfactory vehicle performance. Fuels that vaporize too readily in pumps, fuel lines, carburetors, or fuel injectors will cause decreased fuel flow to the engine, resulting in hard starting, rough engine operation, or stoppage (vapor lock). Under certain atmospheric conditions, fuels that vaporize too readily can also cause ice formation in the throat of a carburetor, resulting in rough idle and stalling. This problem occurs primarily in older vehicles. Conversely, fuels that do not vaporize readily enough may cause hard starting and poor warm-up driveability and acceleration. These low-volatility fuels may also cause an unequal distribution of fuel to the individual cylinders in vehicles with carburetors or throttle body fuel injection systems. Similar problems would not be expected in vehicles with port fuel injection systems. The volatility of automotive spark-ignition engine fuel must be carefully balanced to provide the optimum compromise among performance features that depend upon the vaporization behavior. Superior performance in one respect may give serious trouble in another. Therefore, volatility characteristics of automotive fuel must be adjusted for seasonal variations in atmospheric temperatures and geographical variations in altitude. ASTM D4814-04b, Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel, defines the volatility requirements for gasolines sold in the United States. Volatility of fuels is varied for seasonal climatic changes and for conformance to U.S. EPA volatility regulations by providing six vapor pressure/distillation classes and six vapor lock protection classes for fuel [1,2]. The four common volatility properties, i.e., vapor pressure, distillation, driveability index,and vapor-liquid ratio at temperature or vapor lock index, are described below. The effect of these volatility parameters on the performance of the vehicle is also discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=700  1\$aBonazza, B. R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11428M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11428M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690.45
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aMontemayor, R. G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 12 : Distillation and Vapor Pressure Data in Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) / $cR. J. Falkiner, R. G. Montemayor.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 51 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11432M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11432M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aLIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) IS A GENERIC term for ethane (C2) to butane (C4) hydrocarbon mixtures that can exist as liquids under modest pressures at ambient temperatures. Methane (C1, natural gas) must be refrigerated to less than 162  C (259  F) to be condensed by compression to liquefied natural gas (LNG). Pentane and heavier hydrocarbons (C5 +, condensate) are liquids at ambient temperature and pressure, and are used in the manufacture of gasoline, naphtha fuels, and solvents. Ethane, propane, and butane are gases at standard temperature and pressure, but can be liquefied by compression and condensation of the vapor at or below ambient temperature. Propane (C3), butane (C4), and butane/propane mixtures (C3/C4 or B-P mix) have ideal properties for a fuel, widely used throughout the world in an amazing variety of applications. They are stable, high energy content, relatively low sulfur, clean burning fuels that can be transported economically as a liquid, and be used either as a liquid or a gas. Propane can be used from about 40 to 45  C, and butane from 0  C to about 110C (about 0 to 250 psig vapor pressure) or higher depending on the pressure ratings of the equipment being used. The contents of the LPG tank are always under pressure at temperatures above the normal boiling point of about 42  C for propane and 0  C for butane, so there is no need for a fuel pump or electrical components for most applications. This makes LPG ideally suited to a wide variety of portable, mobile, or remote applications, using mechanically reliable and simple equipment. Propane applications tend to be robust and reliable as a result. This chapter deals mostly with ASTM D1835 Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases [1] Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Commercial Propane, and Special Duty Propane grades (commonly known as spec products). The same sampling and test methods can apply to other Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) that can have a wider range of compositions. The same distribution equipment, rail/truck tanks, and storage vessels can be used for propane or B-P mixtures so it is not outwardly apparent what grade of LPG is being used in a particular region or application. The terms propane, LPG, and HD5 are commonly used interchangeably in North America (although this is not technically correct). ASTM D1835 and Gas Processors Association GPA 2140 specifications exist for Commercial B-P Mixtures, but this is rarely used for consumer applications in North America. There is no current Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB) specification for B-P mixtures, as the winter temperatures are too cold, and butane demand is high for winter gasoline production. Polar climates must use propane year round for low-temperature operability. Tropical climates (no winter temperatures, no winter gasoline) tend to use B-P mixtures year round to utilize the butane. Temperate climates with large seasonal temperature changes could use propane in the winter and B-P mixtures in the summer. However, the logistics of seasonal distribution and air/fuel calibration changes, coupled with a more than adequate propane supply generally favors the use of propane throughout the year. The same properties that make LPG so useful contribute to some of the unique challenges in using it safely. Water/ice/hydrate properties are unique. Pressurized systems are more prone to leaks, even when the equipment is idle. The heavier than air vapor density allows accumulation in low points and cavities in the absence of ventilating air flow. When mixed with air in the right ratio in the narrow range, it has the potential for high destructive power in the event of an ignition source that results in an explosion or fire. Consequently, persons handling LPG and install equipment are typically required to be trained and licensed. A variety of safety devices and procedures are used, and LPG is odorized to help detect potentially dangerous leaks.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=700  1\$aFalkiner, R. J., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11432M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11432M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690.45
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aDaane, Rinus M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3 : Distillation Measurement at Reduced Pressure / $cRinus M. Daane.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 51 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11423M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11423M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER INCLUDES A DISCUSSION ON THE details of distillation measurement test methods for petroleum products performed at reduced pressure. The test methods covered are ASTM D2892-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15 Theoretical Plate Column) [1], D5236-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Heavy Hydrocarbon Mixtures (Vacuum Potstill Method) [2], and D1160-03 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure [3].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11423M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11423M.htm

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=100  1\$aMontemayor, Rey G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 7 : Distillation and Vapor Pressure Data of Crude Oil / $cRey G. Montemayor.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 51 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11427M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11427M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCRUDE OIL IS A HIGHLY COMPLEX MIXTURE OF MOlecular species made up of hydrogen and carbon (commonly referred to as hydrocarbons), heterocyclic molecular species (hydrocarbons with cyclic structures containing other chemical species such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur or a combination thereof), organometallic compounds (hydrocarbons containing metal chemical species), inorganic sediments, and water. Crude oil can vary greatly in composition, and can exhibit highly variable physical and chemical characteristics. This is due to the fact that crude oils are not pure materials, but usually contain colloidally suspended components, dispersed solids, and emulsified water. No two crude oils will be chemically or physically identical. The composition of crude oil can vary from highly flammable light ends to highly viscous and heavy tar-like materials. The chemical composition of crude oil varies from field to field, between regions, and even within the same geologic formation. The physical and chemical analyses of crude oil to determine its quality and processability is known as a crude oil assay. The results of a crude oil assay testing can provide extensive detailed data useful for refiners, oil traders, and producers. Assay data can help refineries determine if a crude oil is compatible for a particular petroleum refiner, or if the crude oil can cause yield, quality, production, environmental, and other problems. To determine the desired information, two different analytical schemes are commonly used, namely an inspection assay and a comprehensive assay. Inspection assays generally involve a few limited properties such as API gravity or density, sulfur content, sediment, and water. Occasionally pour point is determined to determine the fluidity of the crude oil. There is very limited agreement on what constitutes an inspection assay. Different oil companies generally do additional tests that will provide information that can be used in the processing of a given crude oil. Comprehensive assays involve more tests than what are performed on an inspection assay. The overriding issue in doing a comprehensive assay on a given crude oil is economics. Comprehensive assays of crude oil are done to determine: (a) the slate of products that can be produced with a given refinery's process technology, (b) processing difficulties that may arise as a result of the inherent composition and impurities of the crude oil, and (c) downstream processing and upgrading activities to optimize yields of high-value products. Since this manual is concerned mainly with distillation and vapor pressure measurements of crude oil, the focus of this chapter is on the distillation and vapor pressure data. There are a number of other tests which are performed during an inspection assay or a comprehensive assays. These are discussed in detail elsewhere [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11427M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11427M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP690.45
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aMontemayor, Rey G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 9 : Distillation and Vapor Pressure Data of Diesel Fuels / $cRey G. Montemayor.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 51 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11429M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11429M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE DIESEL ENGINE IS A TYPE OF INTERNAL COMbustion engine. More specifically, it is a compression ignition engine in which the fuel is ignited by exposure to the high temperature and pressure of a compressed gas instead of a separate source of ignition such as a spark plug, as is the case of gasoline engines. The diesel cycle was invented in 1892 by Rudolf Diesel, and he received a patent for the diesel engine in 1893. Diesel experimented and built working models of his engine, the first model running under its own power with a 26% efficiency. By 1897, he ran the first diesel engine suitable for practical use, which operated at a 75% efficiency. In 1898, he demonstrated his engine at the Exhibition Fair in Paris, fueled by peanut oil, a renewable biomass fuel, which was his original intent. The early diesel engines were not small or light enough for anything but stationary use due to the size of the fuel injection pump. Diesel engines were produced primarily for industry and shipping in the early 1900s. Ships and submarines benefited greatly from the efficiency of the new diesel engine which began gaining popularity. The 1920s brought a new injection pump design that allowed the introduction of fuel as it entered the engine without the need of pressurized air and its accompanying tank. The engine was now manageable in size and small enough to be used in vehicles. During the mid-1920s, trucks using diesel engines became available. In 1936, Mercedez Benz built the first automobile with a diesel engine. The development and the use of diesel engines in North America were largely due to the efforts of Clessie L. Cummins who, after he purchased the rights to the diesel engine in 1919, had worked with diesel engine problems prevailing at the time. Over the years, Cummins, founder of the Cummins Corporation, has continued to improve the efficiency of the diesel engine, providing technological innovations that set a high standard for the industry, exceeding the requirements of the Clean Air Act of 1970.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11429M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11429M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690.45
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aYoung, John W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 11 : Distillation and Vapor Pressure Data of Solvents / $cRey G. Montemayor, John W. Young.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 51 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11431M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11431M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE TERM SOLVENT REFERS TO A SUBSTANCE, usually a liquid, which is able to dissolve or disperse a particular substance or ingredient. Solvents are used in numerous industrial, commercial, and consumer products. Specifications for solvents and chemical intermediates (a substance with a distinct molecular composition that is produced or consumed in a chemical process) invariably include volatility parameters such as initial and final boiling points as well as boiling point range. In this chapter, solvent volatility properties and how they relate to evaporation rate will be covered.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=700  1\$aMontemayor, Rey G., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11431M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11431M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690.45
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aStrauss, Kurt H., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 10 : Distillation and Vapor Pressure in Aviation Fuels / $cKurt H. Strauss.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 51 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11430M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11430M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHISTORYUNTIL THE START OF WORLD WAR II, there were as many as 12 grades of aviation gasoline on the market, including three military and a number of proprietary specifications. However, distillation characteristics differed only slightly between the various grades, the main differences being in the octane requirements. To meet new performance requirements and to rationalize supplies during WW II, a single set of distillation requirements was adopted by the military specification AN-F-28, later MIL-G-5572. These same requirements were accepted for civil fuels in D910 in 1945 and are listed in Table 1. They have remained unchanged until the present. Because aviation gasoline is in very limited use in the U.S. military, Specification MIL-G-5572 was dropped in March 1988 and any military purchases of aviation gasoline are to specification D910. PerformanceAviation gasoline volatility is controlled by a combination of distillation and vapor pressure limits. (Vapor pressure limits are discussed later on in this chapter.) Because of the extreme operating requirements of aviation gasoline, the volatility range has to allow for fuel evaporation, i.e., engine starting, at very low temperatures, but at the same time protect against vapor lock at elevated fuel system temperatures as well as help prevent carburetor icing at low temperatures. Additional limitations can be placed on the fuel by high altitude conditions where very low ambient pressures in unpressurized aircraft tankage could lead to high evaporation losses. Because of major differences in the performance of specific engines and aircraft, an aircraft designer is forced to adjust the design to accommodate existing fuel specifications. Any new aircraft/engine system has to be tested over a wide range of operating conditions to assure safe operation. Ultimately, the combination of fuel volatility and specific aircraft/engine designs becomes a rather inflexible operating system with little permissible variability. To simplify world-wide usage, other international specifications have incorporated the same volatility limits. As in automotive engines, the front end distillation limits define the evaporability of the gasoline, with lower distillation limits representing more volatile fuel. However, because the same distillation limits apply to systems ranging from simple carburetors to complex injection systems in supercharged engines, clear-cut relationships between front end volatility and aircraft performance exist only for specific systems and do not apply across the aircraft/engine spectrum.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11430M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11430M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP690.45
=082  04$a665.5/3$223
=100  1\$aMontemayor, Rey G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 5 : Vapor Pressure Measurement / $cRey G. Montemayor.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2008.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2008, Issue 51 (January 2008)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11425M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11425M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aANOTHER PROPERTY CHARACTERISTIC OF PETRO leum products that is closely associated with distillation parameters is vapor pressure. More often than not, the performance of various petroleum products, especially those used in transportation fuel applications, are very much dependent on synergistic parameters involving distillation and vapor pressure data. As mentioned in Chapter 1, the measurement of vapor pressure characteristics of petroleum products began with ASTM D323-30T Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Natural Gasoline (Reid Method) [1]. This test method has withstood the test of time and exists today essentially as the same test method originally published as a tentative method 75 years ago. Various test methods for measuring vapor pressure have come into use within the petroleum industry since that time. In 1991, a number of automatic test methods for vapor pressure measurement have gained approval in the industry, and technological advances in automatic vapor pressure measurements have dominated the market place, especially with the stringent requirements of regulations to protect the environment. This chapter will discuss the relevant details of the latest versions of the various vapor pressure measurement test methods currently available and in use in the petroleum industry. Details that would serve to provide a better understanding or clarification of the test methods will be discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2008. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $x Refining $x Standards.
=650  \0$aPetroleum refineries $x Standards.
=650  \0$aDistillation $x tandards.
=650  \0$aVapor pressure $x Standards.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11425M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11425M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803108127
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA460
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=100  1\$aSmith, G. V., $eauthor.
=245  13$aAn Evaluation of the Elevated Temperature Tensile and Creep-Rupture Properties of Wrought Carbon Steel / $cG. V. Smith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1970.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (94 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1970, Issue DS11S1 (January 1970)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11832D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11832D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report seeks to offer a best current assessment of the several elevated temperature properties that commonly form the basis for establishing allowable stresses or design stress intensity values. The results are presented in a form readily usable for that purpose. The data that are evaluated are those that have become available since the publication in 1955 of ASTM Data Series Publication DS 11 (formerly STP No. 180), Elevated Temperature Properties of Carbon Steels, as well as selected data from that earlier publication. The body of the report provides, in text, tables and figures, details concerning the materials, the evaluation procedures that were employed, and the results.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1970. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElongation.
=650  \0$aCarbon steel.
=650  \0$aCreep strength.
=650  \0$aYield strength.
=650  \0$aData evaluation.
=650  \0$aRupture strength.
=650  \0$aTensile strength.
=650  \0$aReduction of area.
=650  \0$aElevated temperature.
=650  \0$aMechanical properties.
=650  \0$aCavitation $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aMetals $xErosion $xCongresses.
=650  \0$aCavitation.
=650  \0$aMetals $xErosion.
=653  10$aelevated temperature.
=653  20$atensile strength.
=653  20$ayield strength.
=653  20$acreep strength.
=653  20$arupture strength.
=653  20$acarbon steel.
=653  20$amechanical properties.
=653  20$adata evaluation.
=653  20$aelongation.
=653  20$areduction of area.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11832D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11832D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTD886
=082  04$a152.1/66$223
=100  1\$aDravnieks, Andrew, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAtlas of Odor Character Profiles / $cAndrew Dravnieks.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (354 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue DS61 (February 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11963D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11963D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis atlas is a result of the work of many individuals. Some of the following people were actively assisting throughout the project, in addition to organizing the profile data collection within their organizations: This atlas is a result of the work of many individuals. Some of the following people were actively assisting throughout the project, in addition to organizing the profile data collection within their organizations: Jarke, Frank H. IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60616. Masurat, Thomas. Warner-Lambert Research Institute, Morris Plains, New Jersey 07950. McDaniel, Harry C. Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45224. McDaniel, Jerry W. Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224. Meilgaard, Morten C. Stroh Brewery Company, Detroit, Michigan 48226. Powers, John J. Department of Food Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602. Warren, Craig B. International Flavors and Fragrances, Union Beach, New Jersey 07735 Withycombe, Donald A. International Flavors and Fragrances, Union Beach, New Jersey 07735.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOdor control $xAtlases.
=650  \0$aChemistry, Analytic $xAtlases.
=650  \0$aChemistry, Analytic.
=650  \0$aOdor control.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11963D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11963D.htm

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=100  1\$aKishore Nadkarni, R. A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aDetermination of Inorganic Species in Petroleum Products and Lubricants / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 1 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11662M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11662M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aALTHOUGH GENERALLY THE ANALYSIS OF organic components in petroleum products and lubricants receives the most attention in technology, the inorganic metals and nonmetals also constitute an important part of these products. In some products (e.g., crude oils) they occur naturally; in others (e.g., lubricants), they are purposely added to enhance performance of products. A majority of elements in the periodic table can be found in petroleum products. The major constituents are made from carbon-hydrogen-oxygen-sulfur (C-H-O-S) present at percent levels while metallic elements are present in levels of milligrams per kilogram or higher. Generally, it is believed that the source of petroleum is of marine animal and vegetative origin deposited with sediment in the coastal waters in the prehistoric times. Over a period of millenniums, aided by heat and pressure, the material released various elemental and organic volatile compounds, leaving a mixture of hydrocarbons containing varying amounts of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and trace amounts of metals and other elements as the end product. Except for carbon and hydrogen, sulfur and nitrogen are the most abundant elements in the crude oils. Sulfur up to 6 mass percent and nitrogen over 1 mass percent have been reported in some crude oils. More than 40 other elements have been found in crude oils. Most common are vanadium (up to 1,000 mg/kg), nickel (up to 100 mg/kg), and iron (up to 30 mg/kg). In lesser amounts, other elements such as As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, etc. have been identified in the crude oils. These metals in crude oils are present as porphyrins, transition metal complexes, organometallic compounds, salts of carboxylic acids, and colloidal minerals.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11662M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11662M.htm

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=100  1\$aGibbs, Lewis M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel / $cLewis M. Gibbs, Ben R. Bonazza, Robert L. Furey.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11642M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11642M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAUTOMOTIVE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE FUEL consists of gasoline or gasoline-oxygenate blends used in internal combustion spark-ignition engines, as opposed to engine fuels used in diesel or compression-ignition engines. These spark-ignition engine fuels are used primarily in passenger car and highway truck service. They are also used in off-highway utility trucks, farm machinery, two- and four-stroke cycle marine engines, and other spark-ignition engines used in a variety of service applications. ASTM D4814, Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel, defines gasoline as a volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, containing small amounts of additives. A gasoline-oxygenate blend is defined as a fuel consisting primarily of gasoline, along with a substantial amount of one or more oxygenates. An oxygenate is an oxygen-containing, ashless organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which can be used as a fuel or fuel supplement. Ethanol is the predominant oxygenate in use today. Spark-ignition engine fuel includes both gasolines and gasoline-oxygenate blends. Gasoline is a complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons that vary widely in their physical and chemical properties. It is a blend of many hydrocarbons derived from the fractional distillation of crude petroleum and from complex refinery processes that increase either the amount or the quality of gasoline.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=700  1\$aBonazza, Ben R., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aFurey, Robert L., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11642M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11642M.htm

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=100  1\$aGiles, Harry N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCrude Oils / $cHarry N. Giles.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11648M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11648M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b55.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCRUDE OILS ARE A HIGHLY COMPLEX COMBINAtion of hydrocarbons; heterocyclic compounds of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; organometallic compounds; inorganic sediment; and water. Approximately 600 different hydrocarbons have been positively identified in crude oil, and it is likely that thousands of compounds occur, many of which probably will never be identified. In a study sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute (API), nearly 300 individual hydrocarbons were identified in Ponca City, Oklahoma, crude oil [1,2]. Some 200 individual sulfur compounds were identified in a 20-year systematic study of four crude oils [3]. Not only is the composition of crude oil highly complex, it is also highly variable from field to field, and even within a given field, it is likely to exhibit inhomogeneity from reservoir to reservoir. Physical and chemical characterization of this complex mixture is further complicated for the analyst by the fact that crude oils are not pure solutions but commonly contain colloidally suspended components, dispersed solids, and emulsified water. Compared to refined products such as gasoline and aviation turbine fuel, there is relatively little in the literature on the analysis and characterization of crude oils. Indeed, for many years, there were relatively few ASTM methods specific to crude oils, although a number of ASTM methods had been adapted for their analysis. This situation may have resulted, at least in part, from the historical tendency of refinery chemists to independently develop or modify analytical methods specific to their needs and, subsequently, for the methods to become company proprietary. In recent years, the unique problems associated with sampling and analysis of crude oils have received more attention, and more methods for determining selected constituents and characteristics of crude oils have been standardized. A series of articles [49] illustrate the diversity of crude oil assay practices employed by major refiners in the United States and Austria. The dissimilarity of published results [10] and as provided by a number of companies on their Web sites [11] is a reflection of this independent development of analytical schemes, even though standardized approaches to crude oil analysis have been published [1215]. Despite the complexity of crude oil composition and the diversity of analytical methodology, probably more crude oil analyses are routinely performed on a daily basis using inherently similar methods than are analyses on any single refined petroleum product except, possibly, gasoline.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11648M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11648M.htm

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=100  1\$aYoell, Debby, $eauthor.
=245  10$aSynthetic Liquid Fuels / $cLelani Collier, Carl Viljoen, Mirriam Ajam, Mazwi Ndlovu, Debby Yoell, Paul Gravett, Nico Esterhuyse.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 1 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11664M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11664M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAS THE WORLD SEEKS ALTERNATIVE AND SUPERIOR ways to meet the demands for cleaner and reliable energy supplies, Sasol's commercial experience in the production of synthetic fuels by using coal-to-liquids (CTL) and gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology is increasingly being recognized and sought after worldwide. Sasol plays a vital role in fueling South Africa and supplies, through the retail and wholesale sector, between 30 and 40 % of the country's liquid fuel from coal and crude oil, including sulfur-free diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, illuminating paraffin (IP) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The transportation fuels produced from Sasol's High-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch (HTFT) technology are fit for purpose and have been used in modern technology vehicles for many years [1]. Sasol's first international joint venture GTL plant using Sasol's proprietary Low-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch (LTFT) technology in Ras Laffan, Qatar, was commissioned in 2006 and the first products were produced in 2007. Synthetic fuel products produced by Sasol such as LPG, final gasoline, naphtha blending components, middle distillates (IP, diesel, and aviation fuel), and heavy fuel oil have successfully been analyzed and certified for commercial use utilizing American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods over the past 50 years. The Sasol production processes are also controlled and managed using data obtained with mostly ASTM methods, thus enabling the conversion of coal and gas to liquid synthetic fuels.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=700  1\$aAjam, Mirriam, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aCollier, Lelani, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aEsterhuyse, Nico, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aGravett, Paul, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aNdlovu, Mazwi, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aViljoen, Carl, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11664M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11664M.htm

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=100  1\$aMajor, Del J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aSampling Techniques / $cPeter W. Kosewicz, Del J. Major, Dan Comstock.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 1 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11650M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11650M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTO COMPLETE THE HYDROCARBON CUSTODY transfer transaction, one needs to determine the quality of the hydrocarbons in addition to the volume. Samples of petroleum and petroleum products are examined by various methods of test for the determination of physical and chemical characteristics. The test results are used for quality, quantity, and price determinations that are part of the hydrocarbon custody transfer transaction. Because of the way the test results are used, it is important to note that sampling becomes the most important part of any analysis performed. Sampling is also required for inventory quality validation at many points in addition to the custody transfer points. The same care in sampling is required when sampling for regulatory compliance, process control, or internal quality validations. The samples should be representative of the petroleum or petroleum products in question. The automatic sampling method provides the most representative sample, but it is not always available because it is a dynamic method that requires the product be moving through a pipeline. When automatic sampling is not available then manual sampling becomes the best available method. Manual sampling is performed while the fluid is at rest in a tank or vessel. When manual sampling is used, there is no way to prove the samples are truly representative so they are usually deemed as representative because automatic sampling is not available and manual sampling is the only method of sampling that can be used. We will cover the procedures and equipment necessary to obtain a representative sample on which quantitative and qualitative analyses can be performed in the sections titled Manual Sampling and Automatic Sampling. We will also cover how sampling affects volume when performing static measurements in Static Measurements..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=700  1\$aComstock, Dan, $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKosewicz, Peter W., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11650M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11650M.htm

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=100  1\$aMontemayor, R. G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPetroleum Solvents / $cR. G. Montemayor.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 1 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11653M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11653M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE TERM PETROLEUM SOLVENTS DESCRIBES the special liquid hydrocarbon fractions obtained from petroleum for use in industrial processes and commercial formulation to dissolve, suspend, or transport the other ingredients of the process or formulation. In recent years, the variety of petroleum solvents has increased considerably due to the development of refinery processes designed primarily for the transformation of low-octane feedstocks to high-octane fuels, as well as due to environmental regulations and concerns. These new developments led to the production of a number of important solvents and intermediates, which were obtained previously only from pine trees or from the coal carbonizing industry. This chapter deals mainly with petroleum hydrocarbon solvents consisting only of hydrogen and carbon atoms. Solvents that contain chemical species other than hydrogen and carbon such as oxygen (alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, esters, etc.), nitrogen (amines, nitriles, etc.), and sulfur (mercaptans, sulfolanes, etc.), are outside the scope of this chapter. Such solvents are obtained from various petrochemical industries. Petroleum solvents are available for a variety of applications. Modern refining techniques produce solvents with a high degree of purity and stability in a wide range of grades and boiling points. Petroleum solvents are particularly attractive because they are readily available in large volumes at reasonably low costs compared to solvents from other sources.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11653M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11653M.htm

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=100  1\$aMills, C. O., $eauthor.
=245  10$aProperties of Petroleum Coke, Pitch, and Manufactured Carbon and Graphite / $cC. O. Mills, F. A. Iannuzzi.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTEST METHODS USED TO CHARACTERIZE THE properties of petroleum coke, pitch, carbon artifacts (anodes and cathodes), and manufactured carbon products and graphite are presented in this chapter. This includes the raw materials and artifacts used in the electrolytic production of aluminum as well as graphite and its artifacts. The information presented here was extracted from ASTM standards and from Introduction to Carbon Technologies, Sciences of Carbon Materials, Carbon and Graphite Handbook, and Chemistry and Physics of Carbon [14]. ASTM Subcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material has developed the test methods for coke, pitch, and for electrode carbon products. ASTM Subcommittee D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite has developed the test methods for manufactured carbon and graphite. This subcommittee was originally ASTM Committee C05 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite, and it has recently been assimilated into ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum and Lubricants as Subcommittee D02.F0. Carbon is the chemical element that is the basis of organic chemistry. The two common, crystalline allotropes of carbon are diamond and graphite. Diamond is one of the hardest substances known, and graphite is one of the softest substances known. Artifacts for the aluminum industry, prebaked amorphous carbon electrodes, are prepared from pitch and petroleum coke that has not been graphitized.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=700  1\$aIannuzzi, F. A., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11649M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11649M.htm

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=100  1\$aHinman, Mark L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMethods for the Environmental Testing of Petroleum Products / $cMark L. Hinman.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11661M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b23.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE POTENTIAL FOR FUEL AND LUBRICANT MATErials to cause harmful effects in the environment needs to be evaluated. A reliable approach to evaluate the inherent hazard of a material to the environment is by testing the individual chemical properties in the environmental compartments of concern in separate, carefully controlled laboratory test systems:  The media exchange rates of a material may be deduced from measurements of key physical properties.  The degradation rates under specific conditions may be determined in tests for biodegradability, hydrolysis, photolysis, and photooxidation.  The toxicity to or accumulation by organisms may be determined in single species tests using organisms of known number, age, health, and under constant environmental conditions.  The specific test method to be used, the test organisms, and the data quality management of the testing are defined by the use of the data. In general, these test data are developed for submissions related to the registration of products to satisfy regulatory requirements, that allow the discharge of municipal and industrial wastes, or environmental (or ecological) risk assessment in response to perceived environmental contamination. This discussion provides a general overview of this testing and does not address specific requirements for individual test methods.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11661M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11661M.htm

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=100  1\$aShah, Raj, $eauthor.
=245  10$aLubricating Greases / $cRaj Shah.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11659M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11659M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE ESSENTIAL FUNCTION OF ANY LUBRICANT IS to prolong the life and increase the efficiency of mechanical devices by reducing friction and wear. Secondary functions include the dissipation of heat, protection from corrosion, power transmission, and removal of contaminants. Generally, fluid lubricants are difficult to retain at the point of application and must be replenished frequently. If, however, a fluid lubricant is thickened, its retention is improved and the lubrication intervals can be extended. A lubricating grease is simply a lubricating fluid that has been gelled with a thickening agent so that the lubricant can be retained more readily in the required area. Lubricating greases have a number of advantages over lubricating fluids. Some of these are:  Dripping and spattering are significantly reduced  Less frequent applications may be required  Greases can be easier to handle  Less expensive seals can be used  Greases can form a seal in many cases and keep out contaminants  They can adhere better to surfaces  Some greases may reduce noise and vibration  Some grease remains even when relubrication is neglected  Greases are cost-effective Grease was previously defined as a gelled lubricating fluid. Although this simplistic definition conveys the general concept of a grease, a more extensive discussion is required to provide a fuller understanding of just what constitutes a lubricating grease. A lubricating grease is a semifluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant. Wherever the term grease without the qualifier, lubricating, is used in this publication, it shall mean lubricating grease and exclude commercial grease. Tallow, lard, and other animal fats are items of commerce called grease. Even if a commercial grease is used to lubricate, it does not always satisfy the requirements for a lubricating grease, because it is not a liquid lubricant thickened with a dispersed solid. Additives, either liquid or solid, are usually included to improve grease properties or performance.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11659M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11659M.htm

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=100  1\$aMartin, C. J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aBurner, Heating, and Lighting Fuels / $cC. J. Martin, Lindsey Hicks.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11646M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aALTHOUGH MOST PETROLEUM PRODUCTS CAN BE used as fuels, the term fuel oil, if used without qualification, may be interpreted differently in various countries. For example, in Europe, fuel oil generally is associated with the black, viscous, residual material that remains as the result of refinery distillation of crude oil, either alone or in a blend with lighter components, and it is used for steam generation for large slow-speed diesel engine operation and industrial heating and processing. In the United States, the term fuel oil is applied to both residual and middle distillate type products, such as domestic heating oil, kerosine, and burner fuel oils. Because fuel oils are complex mixtures of compounds of carbon and hydrogen, they cannot be classified rigidly or defined exactly by chemical formulas or definite physical properties. For purposes of this chapter, the term fuel oil will include all petroleum oils heavier than gasoline that is used in burners. Because of the wide variety of petroleum fuel oils, the arbitrary divisions or classifications, which have become widely accepted in industry, are based more on their application than on their chemical or physical properties. Thus, it is not uncommon to find large variations in properties among petroleum products sold on the market for the same purpose. However, two broad classifications are generally recognized: (1) distillate fuel oils and (2) residual fuel oils. The latter are often referred to as heavy fuel oils and may contain cutter stock or distillates. Middle distillate fuel oils are petroleum fractions that have been vaporized and condensed. They are produced in the refinery by a distillation process in which petroleum is separated into fractions, according to their boiling range. These middle distillate fuel oils may be produced not only directly from crude oil, that is, straight-run, but also from subsequent refinery conversion processes, such as thermal or catalytic cracking. Domestic heating oils and kerosine are examples of middle distillate fuel oils. Common terms for the lighter (distillate) products include range oil, stove oil, and furnace oil, with range and stove oil being the lighter of the products.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=700  1\$aHicks, Lindsey, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11646M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11646M.htm

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=100  1\$aLau, Alex T. C., $eauthor.
=245  10$aStandard Test Method Data Quality Assurance / $cAlex T. C. Lau.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11663M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11663M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFOR THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, STANDARD TEST methods, specifications, and practices developed under the jurisdiction of ASTM D02 Committee on Petroleum and Petroleum Products or ISO TC28 Technical Committee on Petroleum Products are globally accepted. A conscious decision has been made to maintain technical harmony between standards produced by both organizations on similar subject matters. The purpose of this chapter is to familiarize readers with statistics-based data quality metrics for ASTM and ISO test methods that have been adopted by both organizations, and the relevant ASTM standard practices to quantify, monitor, maintain, and apply these metrics.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11663M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11663M.htm

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=100  1\$aWestbrook, Steven R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aFuels for Land and Marine Diesel Engines and for Nonaviation Gas Turbines / $cSteven R. Westbrook, Richard T. LeCren.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11644M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11644M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE DIESEL ENGINE IS NOW FULLY ESTABLISHED in a variety of applications on land and in marine use. On land, it serves to power trains, buses, trucks, and automobiles and to run construction, petroleum drilling, agricultural, and other off-road equipment. At sea, it serves both to provide main propulsion power and to run auxiliaries. Gas turbine engines also serve in a wide range of applications. Over half of the larger industrial gas turbines are in electric-generation use. Other uses include gas pipeline transmission, co-generation systems, and transportation. Cruise ships use gas turbines in newer ships to reduce vibration and stack emissions. In the military, gas turbines power a number of combatant ships both as main propulsion units and as the power source for auxiliary uses. Gas turbines are also used to power some military ground vehicles such as main battle tanks. The quality criteria and methods for testing fuels for land and marine diesel engines and for nonaviation gas turbines are sufficiently similar to address in a common chapter. Obviously, certain criteria and tests will apply to one or the other rather than both. For example, cetane number, which is a critical property for automotive diesel fuels, is of limited significance for gas turbine fuels.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=700  1\$aLeCren, Richard T., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11644M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11644M.htm

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=100  1\$aPickard, Andy, $eauthor.
=245  10$aGaseous Fuels and Light Hydrocarbons [Methane through Butanes, Natural Gasoline, and Light Olefins] / $cAndy Pickard.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 1 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11652M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11652M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE MATERIALS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED properties and test methods in this chapter will be considered in two groupsraw materials and finished products. The raw materials are produced or raw natural gas, raw natural gas liquids, crude oil, and liquefied refinery (LR) gases. Finished products include sales quality natural gas, high purity ethane, ethane/propane mixes, liquefied petroleum (LP) gases (propane, n-butane, isobutane, and mixtures), natural gasoline, and light olefins.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11652M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11652M.htm

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=100  1\$aHerman, Marilyn J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aFuel Oxygenates / $cMarilyn J. Herman, Lewis M. Gibbs.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 1 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11643M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11643M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFUEL OXYGENATES ARE WIDELY USED IN THE United States. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, as lead antiknocks were removed from motor gasoline, gasoline producers used oxygenates to offset the loss in octane number from the removal of lead. In the 1990s, oxygenates were required by the government as an emission reduction control strategy. More recently, the United States has required the use of renewable fuels in order to help reduce U.S. dependence on foreign sources of oil. In December 2007, the President signed into law the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (P.L. 110140). The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) significantly expands and increases the Renewable Fuels Standard established under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 requiring the use of 9.0 billion gallons of renewable fuel in 2008, increasing to 36 billion gallons by 2022. In 2022, 21 billion gallons of the total renewable fuels requirement must be obtained from cellulosic ethanol and other advanced biofuels. Under the Clean Air Act, oxygenates have been used as an emission control strategy to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) in wintertime oxygenated fuel programs and as a required component in federal reformulated gasoline programs to help reduce ozone. The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAA) of 1990 require states with areas exceeding the national ambient air quality standard for carbon monoxide to implement programs requiring the sale of oxygenated gasoline containing a minimum of 2.7 weight percent oxygen during the winter months. The Clean Air Act Amendments also require the use of reformulated gasoline (RFG) in those areas of the United States with the most severe ozone pollution. Under the Clean Air Act Amendments and the Energy Policy Act of 1992, Congress enacted legislation requiring the use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles. Fuels containing high concentrations of ethanol or methanol, where oxygenate is the primary component of the blend, qualify as alternative fuels. E85, a blend of 85 volume percent ethanol and 15 volume percent hydrocarbons, and M85, a blend of 85 volume percent methanol and 15 volume percent hydrocarbons, may be used in specially designed vehicles to comply with state and local alternative fuel programs.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=700  1\$aGibbs, Lewis M., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11643M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11643M.htm

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=100  1\$aHowell, Steve, $eauthor.
=245  10$aBiodiesel / $cSteve Howell.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11645M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11645M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFOR PURPOSES OF THIS CHAPTER, THE TERM biodiesel is a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats meeting ASTM D6751 specifications and is designated as B100. Biodiesel is an ultra-low sulfur, renewable fuel that can be used as a neat (pure) fuel but is most often blended into petroleum diesel (petrodiesel). To distinguish the amount in the blend, the convention prescribed in D6751 is to state the amount of biodiesel in the blend by the volume percentage preceded by the uppercase letter B. Therefore, a 5 % blend of biodiesel in petrodiesel is B5 and a 20 % blend of biodiesel in petrodiesel is B20. Biodiesel blends can be used in many applications where petroleum middle distillate (i.e., diesel fuel) products are used, such as on-road and off-road diesel, home heating oil and boiler fuel, marine diesel fuel, and nonaviation gas turbine fuel. There may be some limitations on the blend percentages used in unmodified diesel engines, and the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) should be consulted, especially if using higher blend ratios. Most biodiesel made today is not suitable for use in kerosene lamps due to its higher viscosity and surface tension, resulting in less than optimum wicking properties, although it can be used in heating applications where wicking is not important. The biodiesel industry focus in the United States over the past 10 years has been the on-road and off-road diesel market and the home heating oil market. Biodiesel is most commonly used as a blend of B5 with conventional petrodiesel in the existing equipment that more traditionally has operated solely on petrodiesel. Blends in the range of B6 to B20 are also in regular usage with heavier duty diesel trucks and buses. Other sections of this manual cover in more detail both general and special engine and burner equipment considerations when using petrodiesel. These same considerations are also valid for the use of biodiesel blends and will not be covered further in this chapter. Biodiesel's long straight chain hydrocarbon structure with a limited number of double bonds (directly related to the structure of the natural oils and fats from which it is produced) coupled with an ester linkage with a short chain alcohol (usually methanol or ethanol) provides for naturally high cetane, good lubricity, biodegradability, and lower emissions [1]. Combustion of biodiesel in a diesel engine results in lower emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (i.e., black smoke) when used in unregulated engines and compared to conventional petrodiesel [1]. For some applications biodiesel also provides reductions in nitric oxide (NOx) due to its oxygen content (i.e., 20 % NOx reduction with B20 for home heating oil), while in other applications the use of biodiesel can be NOx neutral or have a slightly higher NOx (i.e., 10 % NOx increase for B100 in on-road diesel engines) depending on the amount of biodiesel, the duty cycle and the engine technology [1]. Beginning in 2010, new diesel engines will be fitted with catalytic technology to reduce NOx from both biodiesel and diesel fueled engines by over 90 %, so any detriment of biodiesel on NOx will not be an issue with post-2010 diesel engines. The 2008 volatility in the cost of a barrel of crude oil, with a high of over $140/bbl, and increased concern over global warming has caused the interest in biomass-based fuels, and biodiesel in particular, to skyrocket. Federal legislation in the United States provides for a $1.00 per gallon tax incentive for B100, and there are some state incentives and some state usage requirements. The state of Minnesota requires 5 % biodiesel in most of the diesel fuel used in the state, and the states of Washington and Oregon also require biodiesel to be blended into diesel. Additionally, the U.S. Congress, as part of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, passed the second version of a national Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2), which requires over 1 billion gallons of biomass-based diesel be used in the U.S. diesel fuel pool by 2012. These state and anticipated federal mandate volumes, specific to biodiesel, have caused a dramatic increase in the building of production capacity and overall product volumes for biodiesel (see Figs. 1 and 2)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11645M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11645M.htm

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=100  1\$aRhode, John, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAviation Fuels / $cJohn Rhode.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (26 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTO DISCUSS AVIATION FUELS PROPERLY, IT IS best to review briefly the development of the different types of fuel and describe the quality requirements posed by the various engines and aircraft. The resulting specifications define the required fuel qualities and specify the standard methods to be used. The international acceptance and enforcement of these specifications ensure the availability of fuels for all types of aircraft on a worldwide basis. It is neither feasible nor desirable to cover in detail all international specifications in this chapter. Instead, the chapter is based on the fact that all major specifications measure and control similar properties. Typical examples of the physical and chemical requirements in current specifications are included for each of the major aviation gasoline (AVGAS used in pistonengine aircraft) and jet fuel grades.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11647M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11647M.htm

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=100  1\$aCopeland, C. Monroe, $eauthor.
=245  10$aWhite Mineral Oils / $cC. Monroe Copeland.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11654M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11654M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWHITE MINERAL OILS ARE VISCOUS LIQUIDS that are derived from petroleum. They are complex mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons including straight chain, branched chain, and ring structures, some of which have all three configurations. The relative concentration of straight or branched chain hydrocarbons (paraffins) and the saturated ring structures (naphthenes) determines the oils' identity as being paraffinic or naphthenic. Many different standard-setting groups in the food, medical, and cosmetic industries, as well as other individual trade associations representing specific applications, define the chemical and physical properties of white mineral oils. Uses and applications are identified by national regulatory agencies along with specific material specifications. As defined by USP-31, white mineral oil is a purified mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It may contain a suitable stabilizer.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11654M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11654M.htm

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=100  1\$aLong, John M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPetroleum Oils for Rubber / $cJohn M. Long, John H. Bachmann.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11658M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHISTORICAL BACKGROUND Petroleum products covering a molecular weight range that includes light solvents, lubricating oils, waxes, and residual materials have been used with rubber for at least 150 years. Today, these same products are still used, and, since the advent of synthetic rubber, their use has reached greater proportions than ever before. This chapter, however, will be limited to petroleum oils. Why are such products usable when one normally thinks of oils as the enemy of rubber? The explanation is that the degrading effect of oils on vulcanized rubber is put to use as a softener for unvulcanized rubber. Rubber, both natural and synthetic, is somewhat elastic in the raw state. It is broken down by mechanical or chemical means to a more plastic state prior to adding the necessary compounding ingredients. Oils are added to the rubber compound that make the rubber compound more workable and pliable. Materials that cause this softening effect are called softeners. They also are called processing aids or plasticizers.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=700  1\$aBachmann, John H., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11658M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11658M.htm

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=100  1\$aHall, Jennifer D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aLubricant Base Oils / $cJennifer D. Hall.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 1 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11655M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11655M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER WAS GENERATED TO GIVE AN overview of base oils. Base oils are components of many finished products, including lubricating oils, automotive and diesel engine oils, lubricating greases, white mineral oils, rubber processing oils, industrial oils, and refrigeration and heat transfer fluids, of which most are discussed in detail in other chapters. Lubricant base oils are commonly referred to as base oils, base stocks, mineral oil base fluids, mineral oils, lubricant base fluids, and hydrocarbon base oils throughout the industry. Base oils are manufactured from various refining processes, including both the refining of crude oil and the re-refining of used oils. Oil properties vary based on the feedstock, refining process, and manufacturing parameters. This chapter represents the first step in describing properties of lubricant base fluids affecting product performance. Test methods have been identified to characterize the composition and performance of base oils in addition to verifying their consistency.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11655M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11655M.htm

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=100  1\$aCase, Alan R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPetroleum Waxes Including Petrolatums / $cAlan R. Case.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11660M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWAXES CAN BE DEFINED AS HYDROCARBONS OR hydrocarbon derivatives that are solid at room temperature, but are low-viscosity liquids at moderate temperatures. Waxes are thermoplastic materials but, due to their low molecular weight, they are normally not considered to be plastics or polymers. Common wax properties are water repellency, smooth texture, low toxicity, low odor, combustibility, solubility in most organic solvents, insolubility in water, and low reactivity. By far the most important waxes in terms of volume produced and economic impact are petroleum waxes. Petroleum waxes are derived from crude oil. Other types of wax include hydrogenated triglycerides made from tallow or plant oils; animal waxes, such as beeswax; plant waxes such as carnauba and candelilla; mineral waxes such as montan; and synthetic waxes such as Fischer- Tropsch and polyethylene. Although this chapter deals only with petroleum waxes, much of the information and many of the test procedures can be applied to other types of wax as well. In the early years of petroleum processing, the waxy materials that were separated were regarded as having no commercial value. Ultimately, however, wax products were recovered that, with the benefit of additional refining, were found to be useful in many applications. A variety of grades of petroleum wax evolved that covered a broad range of physical properties. Now the petroleum wax product lines are in demand for a wide variety of uses. Modern refining methods have made available select grades of wax of controllable and reproducible quality, and some have unique properties for specialized applications.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11660M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11660M.htm

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=100  1\$aGiles, Harry N., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMethods for Assessing Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels / $cDavid R. Forester, Harry N. Giles.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11651M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11651M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSTABILITY GENERALLY REFERS TO THE RESISTance of a fuel to changes in its chemical quality, while cleanliness is a parameter relating to the physical presence of contaminants: most notably water and sediment, but also degradation products such as gums, asphaltenes, or polymerized products that can form following production of a fuel. There are significant differences in cleanliness and stability between light fuels (distillates) and residual fuels, and very different test methods are required. Also, while these would appear to be unrelated properties, the presence of contaminants can exacerbate reactions resulting in a loss of storage stability. In like manner, products such as gum, asphaltenes, or polymerized products produced when a fuel degrades can adversely affect fuel performance and can contribute to other reactions seriously affecting its usefulness. Two types of materials can make a fuel less suitable or unsuitable for the intended use. Fuel contaminants include materials such as water and rust or other particulate matter introduced subsequent to fuel manufacture, and fuel degradation products form in fuel during extended storage as a manifestation of fuel instability. Whether degradation products are soluble or insoluble depends on many factors, which include the chemistry of the degradation products and also the chemistry and solubility of the fuel itself (e.g., aromatics or oxygenate content). In addition, instability of heavy, residual fuels can result from mixing different heavy fuels or diluents (cutter stocks) designed to reduce viscosity or improve handling. Insoluble degradation products can combine with other fuel contaminants to reinforce deleterious effects. Soluble degradation products, such as gums, can form due to complex interactions and oxidation of small amounts of olefins, and sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen compounds present in some fuels. These soluble gums are less volatile than fuel and can carbonize during combustion. The formation of degradation products can be catalyzed by dissolved metals such as iron, zinc, and copper. The increasing diversity of products in today's market, ranging from highly refined gasoline, through aviation turbine fuel and ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, to residual fuel oil as well as newer biofuels, such as ethanol and alkyl ester biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters [FAME]), demands an equally diverse array of test methods. Consequently, many test methods have been developed over the years, with quite a few new methods having been introduced within the past decade for assessing the stability of petroleum products, biofuels, and blends of the two and determining their cleanliness.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=700  1\$aForester, David R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11651M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11651M.htm

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=100  1\$aWills, Dave, $eauthor.
=245  10$aLubricating Oils / $cDave Wills.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11656M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11656M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE MAJOR FUNCTION OF LUBRICATING OILS IS the reduction of friction and wear by the separation of surfaces, metallic or plastic, which are moving with respect to each other. The oils also act as carriers for many special chemicals such as corrosion inhibitors, antiwear agents, load-carrying friction modifiers, and foam suppressors. Performance requirements can also include cooling, the dispersion and neutralization of combustion products from fuels, and the transport of contaminants to a filter. The high-quality and improved properties of present-day lubricants have enabled engineers to design machines with higher power-to-weight ratios that generally have higher stresses, loads, and operating temperatures than before. Thus, it has been possible to develop automobile engines, turbines, gear sets, etc. that are capable of higher speeds and higher specific power output per unit weight of machinery. In a very different field, lubricants with increased resistance to the effects of radiation have been developed for nuclear power stations. From a historical standpoint, solvent-refined paraffinic oils have been the most widely used base stock for lubricating oil applications. In recent years, alternative refining processes such as catalytic isomerization and deep hydrogenation have been developed to yield higher purity base oils that are better suited to withstand severe operating conditions. Research in the field of additives has, in turn, produced lubricant formulations that can operate under the higher piston-ring belt temperatures of super-charged automotive diesel engines and provide the dispersion required to prevent the formation of low-temperature sludge in gasoline engines for stop-start, short-distance motoring. Despite the increasing temperatures, loads, and other requirements imposed on lubricants, mineral oils are likely to continue to be employed in the foreseeable future for the majority of automotive, industrial, and marine applications. However, in the aviation field, synthetic lubricants are used extensively. There are also a growing number of critical automotive, industrial, and marine applications where the use of synthetic lubricants can be justified on the basis of total performance or fire resistance.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11656M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11656M.htm

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=100  1\$aShah, Raj, $eauthor.
=245  10$aPassenger Car Engine Oil and Performance Testing / $cRaj Shah, Theodore Selby.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2010.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2010, Issue 1 (January 2010)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11657M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11657M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THE CREATIVE BEGINNING OF THE DEVELOPMENT of the automotive engine, it was clearly recognized that lubrication of the engine components was a most critical and basic aspect to continued engine operation. This understanding has always paced engine development throughout its history. Once the early engine had been brought to a level of application, automotive transportation was an obvious but challenging area of use.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2010. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=700  1\$aSelby, Theodore, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11657M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11657M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD132
=082  04$a669/.92$223
=245  00$aChapter 4-Sampling.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10289M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10289M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSAMPLING IS LIKE THE WEATHER-everybody talks about it, but nobody does anything to change it. Well, almost. Nearly everyone who thinks about the subject of sampling agrees it is critically important. After all, a metals analysis can be no better than the sample portion on which it has been performed. And yet, there are a variety of unproductive or misguided attitudes that prevail in the workplace, especially among analytical chemists.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10289M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10289M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 19-Good Administrative Practices.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10304M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10304M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBY ANALOGY TO GOOD LABORATORY practices, we can delineate administrative procedures that facilitate the function of a metals analysis laboratory. The focus here, as well, are quality issues, for without an organizing effort the most technically competent labs will appear to flounder. This is also, perhaps, the best place to characterize the different personalities and styles of operation that a metals lab can acquire since the administrative function molds that to a large degree.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10304M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10304M.htm

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=082  04$a669/.92$223
=245  00$aChapter 12-Titrimetry.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10297M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10297M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWHEN AN ANALYTE IS QUANTIFIED by measuring the volume (or, on rare occasions, the weight) of a solution that reacts with it, we call the process volumetric analysis or titrimetry. Generally, the reaction in question proceeds to its equilibrium point or to some reproducibly measurable point near equilibrium, whereupon the addition of reactant solution (titrant) is halted and the amount consumed up to that point is recorded. The reactant endpoint may be indicated by the appearance or disappearance of a color or a precipitate or by a change in instrumentally measured potential or pH or some other property. The titrant may be added manually from a buret, or the whole process may be under closed-loop control with an automatic titrator.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10297M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10297M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 1-Laboratory Design.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10286M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10286M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aONLY A SMALL NUMBER OF individuals ever have the opportunity to participate in the planning and design of a new laboratory facility. And those who do rarely have complete control over the final configuration, which is always a compromise of needs and means. In fact, what usually shakes out is a hodgepodge of different individual's ideas. Architects, corporate financial planners, builders, and others in the decision line may have quite a different agenda than the chemist who plans to work there. There is another sense, though, in which nearly everyone who works in a laboratory for any length of time participates in lab design because laboratories change with changing needs and evolving technology.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10286M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10286M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10299M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD132
=082  04$a669/.92$223
=245  00$aChapter 14-Emission Spectroscopy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10299M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10299M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b25.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIF THE READER FELT THAT the last chapter gave short shrift to an important subject, he may be outraged by the treatment presented here. The reason for such abbreviated coverage is that both absorption and emission spectroscopic techniques have an extensive and current literature authored by individuals far more knowledgeable and experienced in these areas. Our purpose with these chapters is to introduce these techniques and to illustrate how chemistry plays a role in their use. The reader is referred to the Bibliography and to the references that accompany these chapters for necessary details of both theory and application.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10299M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10299M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 15-Other Measurement Techniques.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10300M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10300M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b27.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER HAS BEEN RESERVED for the remaining mea surement techniques likely to find use in a metals analysis laboratory. To be concise and to keep our focus, we will not discuss instruments or procedures for the measurement of physical properties if there is not a direct tie-in with compositional results. Thus, while measurements of refractive index, surface tension, flash point, viscosity, or coating weight may be a part of the analytical laboratory's assignment, the reader will have to look elsewhere for guidance in these areas. Similarly, the specialized fields of surface analysis and thermal analysis, as well as physical metallurgy tools such as Xray diffraction and microprobe techniques, will not be included.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10300M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10300M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 9-Separation by Miscellaneous Techniques.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10294M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10294M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b48.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPRECIPITATION SCHEMES ASIDE, there remain several important categories of separation in inorganic analysis. In this chapter, we will discuss mercury cathode electrolysis, solvent extraction, ion exchange, and distillation/volatilization techniques, and at least touch upon fire assay. As in the previous chapter, for reasons of space and economy of effort on the part of both author and reader, the discussion will be confined to areas of the broadest utility in metals analysis. Since there is little that links this miscellany of isolation methodologies, perhaps it is best to just begin.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10294M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10294M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 17-Statistics and Specifications.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10302M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10302M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSTATISTICS AND SPECIFICATIONS are, in a sense, both com pletely unrelated and intimately connected. Analytical chemists are almost always out of the loop when it comes to specifications. We hear about them in corporate memos and in trade consensus publications, but rarely does anyone ask us for our opinion. Specifications are almost always based on property data and production exigencies. Rarely does anyone bother to ask can the lab do that?.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10302M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10302M.htm

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=082  04$a669/.92$223
=245  00$aChapter 5-Sample Preparation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10290M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10290M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b16.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THE LAST CHAPTER WE TOOK the sample to the laboratory door; now it is our purpose to prepare it for analysis. Actually, in many high-speed metal-refining operations no one carries samples to the laboratory; they arrive by pneumatic tube from the furnace-side station where they were taken. What happens next is likely to be just as complicated and to involve just as many decisions as what has gone before. What we must formulate now is the final phase of the sampling plan. To this point our primary concern has been the representativeness of the sample, which, of course, must continue to be the prime objective of the sampling plan. In this phase, our aim is to represent the laboratory sample in the test portion.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10290M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10290M.htm

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=082  04$a669/.92$223
=245  00$aChapter 3-Reagents.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10288M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10288M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b28.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIF LABORATORY EQUIPMENT IS THE HAMMER and chisels of metals analysis, then reagents are the fine Carrara marble. Just as a sculptor chooses a starting piece for shape and grain and assesses surmountable versus fatal defects, all with an eye toward his final purpose, so the analyst must plot a route to his goal, selecting reagents for type and purity and weighing compatibilities and reaction rates.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10288M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10288M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145320 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120662
=020  \\$a0803120664
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10301M$2doi
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD132
=082  04$a669/.92$223
=245  00$aChapter 16-Reference Materials, Calibration, and Validation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10301M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10301M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THIS LAST PART OF THE BOOK, we must address some issues that lie at the heart of our purpose as analytical chemists. Quality is not a new management revelation to the metals analyst, but has always been the essence of his task. It does take different forms, however, each with an underlying but seldom-voiced philosophy. In this chapter we will discuss one very important mechanism for bridging the gap between doubt and certainty: the application of certified reference materials to calibration and validation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10301M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10301M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120662
=020  \\$a0803120664
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10296M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD132
=082  04$a669/.92$223
=245  00$aChapter 11-Gravimetry.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10296M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10296M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWE PROCEED NOW TO THE TECHNIQUES of analytical measurement, the last phase of the metals analysis process. In these five brief chapters, we will highlight some relevant details of some of the major means of finishing a determination. Since these subjects are rather broad, with very wide-ranging applications, we must confine examples to only a useful handful in selected areas.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10296M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10296M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145320 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120662
=020  \\$a0803120664
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10298M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10298M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD132
=082  04$a669/.92$223
=245  00$aChapter 13-Absorption Spectrophotometry.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10298M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10298M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aALTHOUGH THEY ARE SELDOM linked in people's minds, molecular and atomic absorption techniques show many common features. The basic optics of the instruments bear a certain resemblance. Both approaches excel at minor to trace level concentrations. And in their respective heydays, both techniques were promoted for their speed and selectivity. It seems natural to discuss them together in this brief survey of measurement techniques to compare and contrast them, as well as to illustrate the important roles that both continue to play in the metals laboratory.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10298M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10298M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 20-Personnel.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10305M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10305M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHERE IS BUT ONE SUBJECT yet to cover-the most important quality factor of all: people. The best-equipped laboratory in the world is worthless without a qualified, trained, and motivated staff to operate it. Perhaps the container (robotic) labs will one day challenge this state of affairs in some industries, but until that day arrives management must continue to hire, train, and motivate human beings to work as metals analysts. And in those labs that must deal routinely with the nonroutine, it is unlikely that even future heuristic computer systems can eliminate the workforce. In fact, based on the heavy dependence on reference materials by much of industry, there is reason to believe that the near future may see some increase in personnel as classical techniques are recreated, phoenix-like, from their own ashes.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10305M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10305M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 2-Equipment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10287M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10287M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTO POSE POLARIZED BROMIDES: while necessity is the mother of invention, one really cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. In other words, there is an extensive array of paraphernalia associated with the metals analyst's work for which even the most innovative substitution simply will not do. It behooves the analyst, therefore, to know his or her tools and materials very well, to have them on hand, and to select among them judiciously.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10287M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10287M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 8-Separation by Precipitation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
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=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10293M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10293M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b16.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWe concluded the last section of this book with a reference to the familiar principle popularly known as Occam's Razor. What William of Occam (Ockham) actually said was: Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily (Quodlibeta Septem, c. 1320). It is sound advice for both life and science and for analytical chemistry in particular, where the practicing chemist must assemble a course of action from a large array of possible manipulative procedures. In today's laboratories, once the test portion has been dissolved it is frequently possible to proceed directly to the analyte measurement. Modern instrumentation has made this course of action much more common than ever before, and future developments will further extend this trend.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10293M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10293M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 18-Good Laboratory Practices.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10303M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10303M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aLIKE MOST IDEAS THAT BECOME widely disseminated, the original meaning of good laboratory practices has been somewhat altered. Today most people associate the phrase with safe laboratory practices, which carries only part of the original meaning. Certainly, good laboratory technique is safe, but it is also effective in its intended purpose. So we will return to that total concept with a miscellany of suggestions that pertain to metals analysis. Like so much that has gone before in this volume, we can only scrape at the surface of this subject, hopefully unearthing some nuggets that will prove useful.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10303M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10303M.htm

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=082  04$a669/.92$223
=245  00$aChapter 7-Miscellaneous Dissolutions.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10292M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10292M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER IS DEVOTED TO those dissolution schemes that by reason of uniqueness deserve to be treated as separate categories from the straight acid methodology described in Chapter Six. Each of this diverse group of techniques occupies a special niche in the metals analyst's bag of tricks; however, it is unlikely that any laboratory will need to use them all routinely. Here, as with the straight acid dissolution of inorganic materials, the role of particle size is critical to the control of reaction rate. Thus, sinters and fusions will always require very finely divided materials to ensure an intimate mixture with the flux, while inclusion isolation techniques will always require a monolithic solid to moderate reaction rates and to prevent dissolution of the isolates. Before beginning, we must again acknowledge the invaluable aid of the referenced texts by R. Bock and by J. Dolezal, P. Povondra, and Z. Sulcek.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10292M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10292M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145320 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120662
=020  \\$a0803120664
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10291M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD132
=082  04$a669/.92$223
=245  00$aChapter 6-Dissolution in Acids.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1996.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1996, Issue 25 (March 1996)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10291M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10291M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aONCE THE TEST PORTION has been selected, we most often must perform a number of operations on it before the analyte content is ready for measurement. Usually the first of these is dissolution. What we mean generally by dissolution is the conversion of the total test portion into an aqueous solution of dissociated salts. However, even that definition fails to incorporate a number of important exceptions in metal and ore analysis. Sometimes the medium is nonaqueous, as in halogen-solvent treatment for inclusion isolation, and sometimes only the analyte is leached or distilled from the test portion. Some European workers prefer the term decomposition for the general process and subcategorize dissolution for low-temperature work like acid treatment and opening out for high-temperature techniques like molten salt fusions.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1996. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis $x Handbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aMetals $x Analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10291M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10291M.htm

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=245  00$aAir-Entrained Concrete.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 49 (May 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL4920130003008
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL4920130003008".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete $xSpecifications $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL4920130003008.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL4920130003008.htm

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=245  00$aAnnex A1. Concrete Uniformity Requirements (Mandatory Information).
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 49 (May 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL4920130003021
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL4920130003021".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete $xSpecifications $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aReady-mixed concrete.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL4920130003021.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL4920130003021.htm

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=082  04$a666/.893$223
=245  00$aReferenced Documents.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2014.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aSampling of Coal Cores.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 11 (April 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10118M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10118M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCOAL has often been described as one of the most difficult materials to sample because of its heterogeneity. It is the end product of a sequence of biologic and geologic processes, the complexity of which should at least be appreciated whenever coal is appraised for a specific use.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFood Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10118M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10118M.htm

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=245  00$aLaboratory Analysis of Coal and Rock Drill Core Samples.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 11 (April 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10119M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10119M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAS SOON as a coal sample is received by the laboratory, an initial inventory should be performed. The shipping containers should be inspected for damage or perforations in the plastic bagging that could affect the integrity of the sample. Each sample should be clearly identified and accompanied with a set of processing and analytical instructions. Any problems identified during the check-in inventory should be reported to the field collector before proceeding with any further sample preparation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFood Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10119M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10119M.htm

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=245  00$aDescription of Coal and Rocks.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 11 (April 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10117M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10117M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe lithology ctnd approximate thickness of the strata being penetrated during drilUng can be monitored by describing the cuttings after they are separated from the borehole fluid returns. Precise description of the cuttings is necessary for determining the depth and type of marker strata above and below the targeted coal seam as well as the depth and thickness of the coal seam. Precise descriptions of drill cuttings is especially important if core is not taken and critical if geophysical logs are not run. Cuttings should be collected at regular depths to avoid problems with lag time when penetration rates vary.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFood Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10117M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10117M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10125M$2doi
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=245  00$aStandard Practice for Collection of Coal Samples from Core.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 11 (April 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10125M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10125M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFood Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10125M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10125M.htm

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=008  170503c1992||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a0803114648
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10115M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10115M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aDrilling Equipment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 11 (April 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10115M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10115M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE BEST CHOICE of drilling equipment for a particular coal exploration program depends on the site-specific objectives. The following items should be considered when outlining a project: 1. Type of evaluation phase (exploration, predevelopment, development, etc.). 2. Time frame for implementation of the program. 3. Total cost (budgeted and projected) of the exploration program including costs of permitting, abandonment, and reclamation of boreholes. 4. Extent of the project area. 5. Geological and geophysical characteristics of the project area including types of subsurface lithologies. 6. Maps of surface features. 7. Access to and mobility within the study area. 8. Depth and thickness of the coal beds. 9. Distribution of drill site locations that will best define the variability of beds of interest. 10. Amount of sample required for planned analyses.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFood Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10115M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10115M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
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=100  1\$aWei, Fuzhong, $eauthor.
=245  10$aLow-Power Monochromatic Wavelength-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence-Principle and Applications in Petroleum Products / $cZ. W. Chen, Fuzhong Wei.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10115M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10115M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aX-ray fluorescence (XRF) using polychromatic X-rays is a powerful elemental analysis tool for petroleum products. XRF with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) provides rapid multielement analysis in oil, lubricants, and raw materials. Energy dispersive XRF (EDXRF) systems can be compact and robust. Several ASTM methods are based on EDXRF techniques, including D4294, D6445, D6481, and D7212. However, the limitations of an EDXRF system include 1) susceptibility to elemental interference due to relatively poor energy resolution, and 2) low limit of detection (LOD) in the range of 5 to 10 ppm for sulfur, chlorine, and phosphorus in low atomic number matrix, which is not adequate for trace-level analysis. Another option, wavelength-dispersive XRF (WDXRF), provides superior energy resolution and lower LOD. A high-power WDXRF system has an LOD of about 0.5 ppm for sulfur, chlorine, and other elements. Several ASTM methods are well established for petroleum applications, including D2622, D6334, and D6376. The disadvantage of a WDXRF system is that it typically requires a high-power X-ray tube in a sophisticated system involving precision alignment and scanning. It is also bulky and not suitable for field testing.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=700  1\$aChen, Z. W., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10115M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10115M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a665.5/38$223
=100  1\$aNadkarni, R. A. Kishore, $eauthor.
=245  10$aCalibration Protocols for Spectroscopic Measurements of Petroleum Products / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10127M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10127M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAll apparatus and instruments used in a laboratory require some kind of calibration or verification before an instrument is used for producing reliable data. A perfect analysis needs a perfect calibration as a first step and perfect quality control as perhaps the last step in the sequence of analytical event. Often this cycle is depicted as [1]: Calibration->Sample Analysis->QC Analysis->Calibration->->->.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10127M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10127M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP691
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=100  1\$aBrown, James M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInfrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants / $cJames M. Brown.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (21 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10118M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10118M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aInfrared (IR) refers to electromagnetic radiation that is infra (below) the red end of the visible spectrum. The IR region covers wavelengths from approximately 0.78 to 1,000 m, or frequencies from 12,800 to 10 cm1. IR spectroscopy is the study of the absorption of IR radiation by matter.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10118M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10118M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
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=100  1\$aNadkarni, R. A. Kishore, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAtomic Absorption Spectrometry in the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (21 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10108M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10108M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b47.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAn analytical revolution in the area of metals determination took place in the mid-fifties when Sir Alan Walsh of CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, invented the technique of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [1]. Until then, metals had to be determined by the tedious, labor-intensive, and time-consuming techniques of wet chemistry separations and gravimetric, titrimetric, or colorimetric measurements.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10108M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10108M.htm

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=100  1\$aVrebos, Bruno A. R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aWavelength Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry / $cBruno A. R. Vrebos, Timothy L. Glose.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (25 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10129M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10129M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b33.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe wavelength range of interest in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry is roughly the range between 0.04 and 2 nm. This allows the analysis of the elements from fluorine upward to the transuranics, either on their K or L characteristic lines. Using special precautions and dedicated multilayers (see section on Diffraction and the Analyzing Crystal), the range can be enlarged to 11 nm, including the characteristic lines of beryllium. Energy and wavelength are related according to the following equation: E=hc? where E is the photon energy; h is Planck's constant (6.626 1034 J s, or 4.135 1015 eV s); c is the speed of light in vacuum (3108m/s); and ? is wavelength. By substituting these values in Eq 1, and expressing photon energy in kiloelectronvolts and wavelength in nanometres, the following is obtained: E=1.24? or ?=1.24E.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=700  1\$aGlose, Timothy L., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10129M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10129M.htm

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=100  1\$aNadkarni, R. A. Kishore, $eauthor.
=245  10$aSpectroscopic Analysis of Biofuels and Biolubes / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10125M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10125M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAs crude oil stocks around the world slowly dwindle and the prices of crude oil and gasoline at the pump skyrocket, serious attention is being given to developing alternative fuels for the internal combustion engines. The more prominent among these alternative fuels is one derived from biomass, which a majority of oil-consuming countries have an abundance of. Whether biofuels will truly deliver the consumers from dependence on foreign oils is a matter of debate. The United States went through a similar scenario in the 1980s after Arab oil embargos, when concentrated efforts were dedicated by all major oil companies and nations to produce synthetic oil from coal and oil shale. Although technically successful, those efforts came to nothing when the crude oil price tumbled to about $5 a barrel in 1985 and all research and development efforts on synthetic fuels were abandoned. But at least at the moment, with encouragement from state and federal governments, a big push is on the way to commercialize biofuels. Worldwide investment in biofuels rose from $5 billion in 1995 to $38 billion in 2005 and is expected to top $100 billion by 2010. ASTM International is working toward standardizing or developing test methods for the characterization of these biofuels and biolubes.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10125M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10125M.htm

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=100  1\$aPohl, M. C., $eauthor.
=245  10$aEnergy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and Its Applications in the Field of Petroleum Products and Lubricants / $cC. A. Petiot, M. C. Pohl.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10114M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10114M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHenry Moseley was perhaps the father of the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. He was the first to build an X-ray tube that could be used to bombard samples with high-energy electrons. In 1925, Coster and Nishina [1] began using the X-rays coming from the bombardment of an electrode to excite an actual sample. Glocker and Schreiber [2] attempted to use the infant technique for quantitative analysis in 1928. Poor quality detector tubes made this nearly impossible until the late 1940s. The first commercially available instruments were offered in the 1950s. In 1970, the lithium drifted silicon detector was developed and it is still in use today!.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=700  1\$aPetiot, C. A., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10114M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10114M.htm

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=100  1\$aChassaniol, Kirk, $eauthor.
=245  10$aIon Chromatography in the Analysis of Industrial Process Waters and Petroleum Products / $cKirk Chassaniol.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10119M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10119M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSeveral books [14] have been published on ion chromatography (IC). It is a branch of liquid chromatography, and has several unique characteristics to meet the needs of ion analysis. The eluents, or mobile phases, used are often acid, alkaline, or high in salt content. The high-pressure pump used should have an all nonmetallic flow path in order to reliably deliver these eluents without contaminating the column or detection methods used. The ion exchange columns provide the unique ion separation capabilities, while chemically suppressed conductivity detection is the primary detector used for IC. Other detectors such as ultraviolet/visible light absorbance and electrochemical detectors are also often used. Like all forms of liquid chromatography, an IC includes a pump, injection valve, separation column, and detector. Fig. 1 is a representation of a liquid chromatograph used to determine ions. The hardware used to perform IC is similar to that used for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), although it is typically made of inert polymer that is resistant to corrosive acid and base solutions frequently used in IC. Some form of sample introduction device and a means of recording the output signal are also required.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10119M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10119M.htm

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=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a665.5/38$223
=100  1\$aBover, W. James, $eauthor.
=245  10$aAnalyzing and Interpreting Proficiency Test Program Data for Spectroscopic Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants / $cW. James Bover.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (38 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10107M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10107M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aQuality system standards for testing laboratories (ASTM D6792 and ISO 17025) require the use of processes to manage precision and bias. Several ASTM International standards guide users in the quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) practices for managing precision and bias within a testing laboratory (e.g., D6299, D6617, E882 and E1323). Some deal specifically with laboratories servicing the petroleum products and lubricants industry. Many of these practices focus on within-laboratory precision (repeatability). Using certified reference standards and statistical quality control (SQC) techniques like control charts are two widely used tools employed to satisfy requirements to manage precision and bias within a laboratory.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10107M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10107M.htm

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=100  1\$aDi Sanzo, Frank P., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChromatography Applied to the Analyses of Petroleum Feedstocks and Products : $bA Brief Overview / $cFrank P. Di Sanzo.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (27 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10120M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10120M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChromatography is a widely accepted and important analytical tool in petroanalyses. The technique provides composition of volatile and nonvolatile organic and certain inorganic compounds that affect feedstock catalytic processing and product quality. Analyses range from percentages to trace ppm and ppb concentration levels. A large number of ASTM methods apply chromatographic techniques.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10120M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10120M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a665.5/38$223
=100  1\$aNadkarni, R. A. Kishore, $eauthor.
=245  10$aElemental Analysis of Crude Oils Using Spectroscopic Methods / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10124M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10124M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b37.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCrude oils are highly complex hydrocarbon samples with some organometallic compounds, inorganic sediment, and water. Nearly 300 individual hydrocarbons and more than 200 separate sulfur compounds have been identified in crude oils [1]. A number of trace elements have been found in crude oils, but other than vanadium and nickel, which are most abundant in crude oils, other metals present have not received much work. There is also interest in the sodium content of crude oil as an indicator of sea-water contamination during transport. Many of these trace elements are present in milligram per kilogram (parts per million, ppm) or sub-ppm levels and thus, only sophisticated analytical techniques will be able to quantify them accurately.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10124M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10124M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP691
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=100  1\$aNadkarni, R. A. Kishore, $eauthor.
=245  10$aSpectroscopic Methods for the Determination of Sulfur in Petroleum Products / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2011, Issue 9 (January 2011)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10121M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10121M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b22.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSulfur either in elemental form or as its organic and inorganic compounds is present in most petroleum products and lubricants in varying concentrations, from high levels in some crude oils and lubricant additives to trace amounts in certain processed petroleum products. Sulfur originates in crude oil from natural sources from its marine animal and vegetative origins deposited with sediment in coastal waters in prehistoric times. Over the millennia, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and other volatile compounds evolved out of this primordial mixture due to the bacterial actions and thermal and environmental pressure leaving behind a mixture of hydrocarbons containing some of these elements, metals, and other compounds. In additives and lubricating oils, sulfur compounds are added as metal compounds acting as performance improvers [1].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10121M.
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=100  1\$aTittarelli, Paolo, $eauthor.
=245  10$aGraphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants / $cPaolo Tittarelli.
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=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10109M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10109M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b32.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSince the pioneering work carried out by Boris V. L'Vov [1], graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) represents a powerful tool for the determination of trace elements at ppb concentrations [2].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10109M.
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=245  10$aOverview of Spectroscopic Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
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=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10105M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10105M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFOR MORE THAN A CENTURY, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY HAS played a crucial role in the characterization of petroleum products and lubricants for their chemical and physical properties. Virtually all available well-known and many not-so-well-known analytical techniques have been used for this task. ASTM International Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants has been a critical partner in standardizing such methodology, as evident from its compilation of nearly 600 analytical standards [1,2].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10105M.
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=245  10$aCalibration and Quality Control Standards and Reference Materials for Spectroscopic Analysis of Petrochemical Products / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10128M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCalibration and quality control form an integral part of all analyses, including spectroscopic analysis of petroleum products and lubricants. All apparatus and instruments used in a laboratory for such analysis require calibration or verification before an instrument can be used for producing reliable data. A perfect analysis needs a perfect calibration as a first step and perfect quality control as perhaps the last step in the sequence of analytical events. Often this cycle is depicted as [1]: Calibration->Sample Analysis->QC Analysis->Calibration->.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10128M.
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=245  10$aAtomic Spectroscopic Determination of Mercury in Fossil Fuels / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
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=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10122M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10122M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b30.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe debilitating effects of mercury on humans and ecosystems have long been known, and they were brought to the attention of the world after the outbreak of diseases among the Japanese fishermen in Minamata Bay in the early seventies. Since then it has been recognized that the mercury contamination in fish is a worldwide human health threat because mercury is globally distributed through atmospheric transport. The methyl mercury present in fish is particularly toxic to humans, particularly pregnant women and children.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10122M.
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=245  10$aQuality Assurance in Spectroscopic Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10106M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aQuality assurance (QA) has been a fact of life in virtually all chemical processes and industries for many decades. Quality is an ingrained attitude, the results of which have a positive impact on all operations. Production of quality data does not occur automatically and is not guaranteed by following any one procedure or even several established procedures. It needs dedicated effort, careful attention to details, and practice of recognized principles of quality assurance.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10106M.
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=100  1\$aNadkarni, R. A. Kishore, $eauthor.
=245  10$aSpectroscopic Analysis of Used Oils / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10123M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10123M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b48.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aUsually all automobile users keep an eye on the gasoline gauge, but few pay much attention to the oil gauge until a warning light comes on the dashboard indicating that it is time to change the oil and filter. The time intervals between successive oil changes have increased from the usual 3,000 miles to nearly 10,000 miles per some manufacturers' warranties, and up to 25,000 miles for the synthetic oils.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10123M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10123M.htm

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=100  1\$aNadkarni, R. A. Kishore, $eauthor.
=245  10$aNeutron Activation and Gamma Ray Spectrometry Applied to the Analysis of Petroleum Products / $cR. A. Kishore Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2011.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10116M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10116M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b51.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAfter World War II, with its advent of nuclear energy, one of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy was the development of neutron activation analysis (NAA) as an accurate tool for characterizations of elements in a variety of matrices. NAA is a technique based on irradiation in a nuclear reactor or other irradiation source and measuring resultant radioactivity of specific isotopes; it is a very accurate and precise technique. A large body of data exists on the applications of this technique to crude oil and petroleum products. At one time, several universities in the United States, such as the University of Kentucky, University of California at San Diego, University of California at Irvine, Purdue University, University of Missouri, Georgia Tech, Texas A&M University, Cornell University, University of Oregon, University of Maryland, and Washington State University, had active programs in NAA of fossil fuels and other matrices. Because of the difficulty of access to a nuclear reactor and associated radiation hazards, however, it has found only limited use in petrochemical or oil company laboratories. But one does not need one's own nuclear reactor for NAA because several commercial companies provide such services at a reasonable price. The universities mentioned also provide irradiation services to interested parties.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2011. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xSpectra.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10116M.
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=100  1\$aToor, Pir M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aReferences and Conference Proceedings Towards the Understanding of Fracture Mechanics / $cPir M. Toor, C. Michael Hudson.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1985.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (51 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1985, Issue DS63 (November 1985)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11960D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11960D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCastastrophic failure of Liberty Ships and T-2 tankers during Word War II and many ships' failures thereafter instigated extensive research into the problem of brittle fracture. Later, the failure of missiles and aircraft gave a new boost to fracture research in the late 50's and 60's. New concepts of fatigue analysis and fracture are being continuously established and refined.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1985. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $XBibliography.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=700  1\$aHudson, C. Michael, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11960D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11960D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTH9446.O95
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=245  00$aChapter 1Basic Oxygen Safety Guidelines.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 36 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11282M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11282M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOXYGEN, WHICH CONSTITUTES APPROXIMATELY 21% of the Earth's atmosphere, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas at standard temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point temperature of oxygen is 90.25 K (-297.3F). High-purity liquid oxygen (LOX) is light blue, odorless, and transparent. Two significant properties of oxygen are its ability to sustain life and its ability to support combustion. Although oxygen itself is chemically stable, is not shock-sensitive, will not decompose, and is not flammable, its use involves a degree of risk that should never be overlooked. Oxygen is a powerful oxidizer in both the gaseous and liquid states. Many materials that will not burn in air will do so in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere and will have lower ignition energies and burn more rapidly. Oxygen is reactive at ambient conditions, and its reactivity increases with increasing pressure, temperature, and concentration.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11282M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11282M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 7Operating Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 36 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11288M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11288M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTO ENSURE THE SAFE OPERATION OF OXYGEN systems, standard operating procedures (SOPs) should be developed. These SOPs should be prepared and reviewed by persons familiar with the work being done, as well as with oxygen safety; oxygen risks and hazards; and safety guidelines, practices, codes, and standards. SOPs for all hazardous operations should be reviewed by the designated safety authority. Occupational health personnel should be involved in the review cycle when operational procedures involve potential health hazards. SOPs should provide for the control of hazards to an acceptable risk and should be reviewed periodically for observance and improvement. The design of safe facilities and equipment should consider human capabilities and the limitations of personnel responsible for operations.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11288M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11288M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 8Facility Planning and Implementation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 36 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11289M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11289M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPLANNING FOR THE PROTECTION AND SAFETY OF personnel and equipment must start at the initial facility design stages because of the hazards associated with oxygen and oxygen-enriched air. This planning should include a review of the hazards associated with each system as well as proper design to safely store oxygen, dispose of oxygen, and manage fires. Once an oxygen system is installed, there must be inspections and certifications to ensure that it is safe to use. In addition, steps must be taken to ensure that a system is maintained and that any necessary modifications are safely implemented. This chapter describes the life cycle of an oxygen system, beginning with topics related to facility planning and design, followed by a brief discussion of the steps that should be taken once an oxygen system is built to ensure that it is safe to use. This chapter is concluded with discussions of the steps that are taken once an oxygen system is in use and continuing through its decommissioning.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11289M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11289M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTH9446.O95
=082  04$a665.8/230289$223
=245  00$aChapter 9Transportation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 36 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11290M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11290M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSTANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR THE transportation of oxygen are for the protection of people and infrastructure. Transportation of gaseous oxygen (GOX) or liquid oxygen (LOX) on public thoroughfares is covered by federal and state transportation standards and guidelines (Table D-1, Appendix D). All operations for the transport of GOX or LOX shall adhere to these standards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11290M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11290M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 2Oxygen System Ignition Mechanisms.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 36 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11283M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11283M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER IS TO PROVIDE a basic understanding of the ignition mechanisms associated with the use of oxygen. This basic understanding is an integral part of selecting materials (Chapter 3) and designing systems (Chapter 5) for oxygen use. A systematic approach for evaluating ignition mechanisms in oxygen systems is described in Chapter 4.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11283M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11283M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 5Design Principles.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 36 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11286M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11286M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPROPER DESIGN IS A CRUCIAL STEP IN ENSURING the safe use of oxygen. This chapter begins with a section describing the design approach. The following sections deal with design guidelines for oxygen systems and the code design requirements associated with oxygen systems.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11286M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11286M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803162310 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803144705
=020  \\$a0803144709
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11285M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11285M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
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=245  00$aChapter 4Oxygen Compatibility Assessment Process.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 36 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11285M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11285M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE FOCUS OF THE OXYGEN COMPATIBILITY assessment process is fire hazards, and there is great emphasis placed on evaluating ignition mechanisms (presented in Chapter 2) and applying materials test data (presented in Chapter 3). This process is a systematic approach that can be used as both a design guide and an approval process for materials, components, and systems. The necessity for conducting an oxygen compatibility assessment is directly tied to minimizing the risk of fire and the potential effects of fire on personnel safety and the system. This chapter begins with a brief description of the risk management approach that is recommended for handling the fire hazards associated with oxygen systems, followed by a description of the oxygen compatibility assessment process. This chapter concludes with a description of how the oxygen compatibility assessment process can be usedv to select materials for oxygen service.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11285M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11285M.htm

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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11287M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTH9446.O95
=082  04$a665.8/230289$223
=245  00$aChapter 6Cleaning.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 36 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11287M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11287M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSCRUPULOUS CLEANING IS THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL fire safety measure that can be applied to oxygen systems. The presence of contaminants in otherwise-robust oxygen systems can lead to catastrophic fires. To reduce the hazard of ignition, components and systems should be initially clean and should be maintained clean during assembly and maintenance. The intent of this chapter is to provide a general overview of cleaning for oxygen systems that can be used alongside other cleaning standards. This chapter begins with an overview of cleaning, followed by descriptions of cleanliness levels, cleaning safety, cleaning methods and aids, and cleaning procedures. This chapter is concluded with guidelines for maintaining cleanliness during the assembly and maintenance of components and systems.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aOxygen $xIndustrial applications $xEquipment and supplies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11287M.
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=245  10$aChapter 3-Remediation Techniques / $cHL. Chesneau.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE TERM FUEL SYSTEM REMEDIATION describes the various processes used to return contaminated fuel and fuel systems to an acceptable condition. This chapter provides guidance on the basic processes for decontaminating fuels and fuel systems. Contaminants included in this discussion are water, organic and inorganic particulates, sludge slime, and biomass. After completing this chapter, readers should have a general understanding of each of the remediation processes; fuel polishing, tank cleaning, disposal, and chemical treatment. Fuel polishing involves filtration processes to clean the fuel. Physical tank cleaning is the best way to ensure that a system has been cleaned thoroughly. Tank cleaning is most effective when combined with fuel polishing. Typically, preventive measures are more cost effective than corrective measures. This chapter concludes with recommendations for reducing the rate of contaminant accumulation. Fuel polishing is designed to remove water and particulates from fuel in order to reduce water and sediment loads below applicable product specification criteria such as ASTM fuel specifications. Where sludge and sediment have accumulated on tank bottoms, slime has built up on tank shell surfaces, or a combination of both phenomena has occurred, fuel polishing is insufficient. Tanks thus contaminated need to be cleaned. Microbicide treatment may be needed to disrupt and kill biofilm populations (see Chapter 1)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \0$aFuel $xMicrobiology.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=245  00$aE 1259-01 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in Liquid Fuels Boiling Below 390C.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel Oils $xmicrobiology.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aFuel $xMicrobiology.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel Oils $xmicrobiology.
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=650  \0$aFuel $xMicrobiology.
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=245  00$aD 1426-98 Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen in Water.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 47 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10450M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10450M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel Oils $xmicrobiology.
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=650  \0$aFuel $xMicrobiology.
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=245  00$aE 1326-98 Standard Guide for Evaluating Nonconventional Microbiological Tests Used for Enumerating Bacteria.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b10.
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel Oils $xmicrobiology.
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=650  \0$aFuel $xMicrobiology.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10456M.htm

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=245  00$aD 3867-99 Standard Test Methods for Nitrate-Nitrite in Water.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10451M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10451M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=245  00$aD 4412-84R02 Standard Test Methods for Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Water and Water-Formed Deposits.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10453M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel Oils $xmicrobiology.
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=245  00$aIP 472-02 Determination of Fungal Fragment Content of Fuels Boiling Below 390 C.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10458M".
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=245  10$aChapter 1-Introduction to Fuel Microbiology / $cFJ. Passman.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
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=520  3\$aUNCONTROLLED MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION in fuels and fuel systems causes biodeterioration problems that translate into substantial economic loss. Biodeterioration's adverse economic effects constitute one cost of quality category. Microbial contamination problems are sometimes difficult to diagnose, and require the expertise of a microbiologist experienced in biodeterioration. Often, however, well informed stakeholders can recognize microbial contamination and take effective action to control it. Consequently, if all personnel involved with fuel and fuel system stewardship have a general understanding of fuel microbiology, they will be better prepared to reduce the costs of quality caused by biodeterioration. This chapter provides an overview of microbiology fundamentals pertinent to understanding fuel and fuel system biodeterioration. It opens with an explanation of the microorganisms likely to inhabit fuel systems, and then reviews their primary activities. The next section explains how air, water-content, temperature and other key variables affect biological activity. The final section provides an overview of fuel system microbial ecology.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=100  1\$aHill, G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 2-Sampling Methods for Detecting Microbial Contamination in Fuel Tanks and Systems / $cG. Hill.
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=520  3\$aTHE OLD MAXIM, THAT ANY TEST result is only as good as the sample, is never more true than for analysis of samples drawn for the investigation of microbiological contamination in fuels and fuel systems. Probably more than any other fuel contamination type, microbial contamination will tend to have a highly heterogeneous dispersion that is likely to be in a continual state of change. There may be changes in the overall numbers of microbes present, their viability (and culturability), the relative numbers of the predominant types (genera and species) and the amounts of microbial biomass present [1]. These changes may be due to the microbial activity itself or as a consequence of tank or system operating activities. It is thus apparent that both the timing of sampling operations and selection of appropriate sampling points need careful consideration and planning. In order that those conducting the analyses can put the best possible interpretation on the results obtained, as much information as possible about the sampling needs to be conveyed to the testing laboratory.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
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=245  00$aD 1067-02 Standard Test Method for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10447M
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10452M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10452M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=245  02$aA Review of the Nomenclature, Mathematical and Geometric Conventions Used in Describing Crash Event Data.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 5 (January 2009)
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10100M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aChapter 2 deals with the standard geometry, coordinates, and terms of reference for the physical environment of a vehicle crash event. Vehicle position and velocity are described in terms of three global axes defined by three SAE standards. SAE J670e, Vehicle Dynamics Terminology (SAE J670e, 1976-07) , SAE J1733, Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing (SAE J1733, 1994-12) , and SAE J211, Instrumentation for Impact Test (SAE J211-1, 1995-03) , and these are illustrated with respect to the occupant translation in a crash event vehicle. Also covered is the relative translation of an occupant (with inherent occupant axes) with respect to the fixed coordinates of the vehicle (vehicle axes). In a crash event, the magnitude of that translation, and the time of that translation, versus the deployment of safety devices can be key in preventing occupant injury by hard contact with the vehicle interior (the secondary impact). Additionally covered is the relationship of basic EDR data to the timing and geometry of occupant protection in a crash event vehicle.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aVehicle geometric conventions.
=650  \0$aAlgorithm simulated response to test-crash data.
=650  \0$aAutomotive event data recorders.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xDynamics $xData processing.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xCrash tests.
=653  10$avehicle geometric conventions.
=653  20$aalgorithm simulated response to test-crash data.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10100M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10100M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL272.54
=082  04$a629.28/26$223
=245  00$aExamples and Exercises in Data Translation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (79 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 5 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10101M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10101M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b16.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSection 3.1 deals with the assimilation of event data from various sources into digital formats usable for investigation analysis. This includes mathematical data in the form of unparsed text sentences (S19 files) and the treatment of multibyte quantities in the parsed data. Also included is the process of mapping hexadecimal block data into hexadecimal linear lists. Linear lists allow the investigator to make parallel data lists which allow comparisons of data from the same unit after different exposures (such as before and after a simulated crash pulse) so that variances in the data patterns can be immediately and visually discerned by the investigator.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aOctal.
=650  \0$aBitmap.
=650  \0$aBinary files.
=650  \0$aEDR analysis.
=650  \0$aSigned-binary.
=650  \0$aEEPROM analysis.
=650  \0$aAntilock braking.
=650  \0$aCrash event data.
=650  \0$aInverted vehicle.
=650  \0$aConditional status.
=650  \0$aDeductive analysis.
=650  \0$aInductive analysis.
=650  \0$aWheel speed sensor.
=650  \0$aAcceleration vector.
=650  \0$aAcceleration overlay.
=650  \0$aHardcopy source data.
=650  \0$aAcceleration signatures.
=650  \0$aHexadecimal data mapping.
=650  \0$aSpreadsheet data mapping.
=650  \0$aPolar data representation.
=650  \0$aAutomotive event data recorders.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xDynamics $xData processing.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xCrash tests.
=653  10$aHexadecimal data mapping.
=653  20$aInductive analysis.
=653  20$aEEPROM analysis.
=653  20$aEDR analysis.
=653  20$acrash event data.
=653  20$adeductive analysis.
=653  20$abinary files.
=653  20$aspreadsheet data mapping.
=653  20$abitmap.
=653  20$asigned-binary.
=653  20$aoctal.
=653  20$aconditional status.
=653  20$aacceleration vector.
=653  20$ainverted vehicle.
=653  20$aantilock braking.
=653  20$awheel speed sensor.
=653  20$apolar data representation.
=653  20$ahardcopy source data.
=653  20$aacceleration overlay.
=653  20$aacceleration signatures.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10101M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10101M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=037  \\$aMNL11443M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL704.7
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=245  00$aSection CWater Detection.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 5 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11443M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11443M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Shell water detector determines low levels of suspended (undissolved) water in jet fuels.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel $xContamination.
=650  \0$aMaterials handling $xQuality control.
=650  \0$aGasoline industry $xQuality control.
=650  \0$aFuel filters.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11443M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11443M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=020  \\$a0803170084
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11441M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11441M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL704.7
=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aSection AGeneral Fuel Handling.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 5 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11441M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11441M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of these field tests (Glass JarSec. A.1.4.2, White BucketSecs. A.1.4.3+A.1.4.4, and Visual Fuel SamplerSec. A.1.7) is to detect possible water, solid contaminants, microbial debris, surfactants (Surface Active Agents), and/or other petroleum products in aviation fuel by visual inspection. These tests are not precision tests; they are considered subjective. Experience is the important element; any condition that varies from the normal is a cause for concern. Questionable or unsatisfactory results obtained from these simple tests must be reported to the appropriate authority and may require that certain specification tests must be performed to determine if the product is indeed on specification or not. These are the simplest tests, low cost and easy to run.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel $xContamination.
=650  \0$aMaterials handling $xQuality control.
=650  \0$aGasoline industry $xQuality control.
=650  \0$aFuel filters.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11441M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11441M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803184145 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170032
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10102M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10102M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL272.54
=082  04$a629.28/26$223
=245  00$aEDR Data Considerations with/Respect/to Evidentiary Reliability and Interrogation Procedures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 5 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10102M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10102M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe principles and methods discussed in Chapters 2 and 3 are good engineering science, but they are only of academic value unless they can be applied for a business purpose. Analysis and improvement of system designs is one such purpose. Another purpose may be to conduct a safety systems performance analysis for purposes of litigation issues. A third purpose may be to document vehicle conditions at the time of a crash event (such as when the vehicle under examination has struck another vehicle). Chapter 4 discusses various publicly and privately known EDR data content and considerations for submitting such data as evidence in a litigation environment. Among these considerations are the Daubert criteria: (1) reliability, (2) repeatability, (3) error rate, (4) consistency with industry standards, and (5) relevance to the instant case. Lastly, Chapter 4 provides new investigation examples which employ methods designed to meet foreseeable Daubert challenges.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDaubert rules.
=650  \0$aEDR data scope.
=650  \0$aEDR data as evidence.
=650  \0$aSelf-auditing methodology.
=650  \0$aAutomotive event data recorders.
=650  \0$aTraffic accident investigation $xInstruments.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xDynamics $xData processing.
=650  \0$aAutomobiles $xCrash tests.
=653  10$aEDR data as evidence.
=653  20$aDaubert rules.
=653  20$aEDR data scope.
=653  20$aself-auditing methodology.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10102M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10102M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803169005 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170087
=020  \\$a0803170084
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11445M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11445M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL704.7
=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aSection EMicrobial Contamination Detection.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 5 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11445M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11445M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis section describes accepted laboratory test methods as well as field test kits than can be used to detect microbial contamination in fuel facilities. Microorganisms can enter the fuel system in many ways, and cause a variety of problems. These problems can occur anywhere in the world. The purpose of this section is to explain the nature of the problem, and to define accepted means of detection. The tests listed herein were chosen due to wide use in the industry. All possible tests are not shown. Inclusion of a test in this section does not mean to imply that is an accepted test by any airline, aircraft manufacturer, or oil company.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel $xContamination.
=650  \0$aMaterials handling $xQuality control.
=650  \0$aGasoline industry $xQuality control.
=650  \0$aFuel filters.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11445M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11445M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803169005 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170087
=020  \\$a0803170084
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11442M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11442M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL704.7
=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aSection BParticulate Detection.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 5 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11442M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11442M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aParticulate contamination of aviation fuels may be indicated by passing a measured volume of fuel through a standard white filter membrane and evaluating the color of the membrane against a standardized color chart with numbers ranging from 0 for the lightest through 10 for the darkest. At the same time, the color can be evaluated for change with respect to previous tests. This test provides a standard means for communicating filter membrane colors.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel $xContamination.
=650  \0$aMaterials handling $xQuality control.
=650  \0$aGasoline industry $xQuality control.
=650  \0$aFuel filters.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11442M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11442M.htm

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=008  170503c2009||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803169005 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803170087
=020  \\$a0803170084
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11444M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11444M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTL704.7
=082  04$a629.134/351$223
=245  00$aSection DFiltration Equipment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 5 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11444M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11444M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis section describes filter vessels and filter element media that may be used at aviation fuel handling facilities. This topic is sufficiently complex that only the highlights can be considered herein. Taking inspiration from this ASTM Manual 5, the API and Energy Institute have recently published a new guidance document (API/IP 1550) to communicate to the typical user many of the issues that should be appreciated in using fuel filters for the supply of aviationfuel.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aAirplanes $xFuel $xContamination.
=650  \0$aMaterials handling $xQuality control.
=650  \0$aGasoline industry $xQuality control.
=650  \0$aFuel filters.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11444M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11444M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803133563
=020  \\$a0803133561
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
=082  04$a617.4/710592$223
=100  1\$aLaurencin, CT., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1-Bone Grafts and Bone Graft Substitutes : A Brief History / $cCT. Laurencin, Y. Khan.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 6 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10056M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10056M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE ORIGIN OF THE FIELD OF MEDICINE as a formal discipline has been traced to Africa by many historians. Imhotep's descriptions of ailments and treatments were found written on papyrus and translated in the mid-1800s by Edwin Smith [1]. Among the medical descriptions included in Imhotep's writings are cervical dislocations, skull fractures, and compound fractures [1]. Indeed, mummies found in Egyptian tombs have been found with crude braces constructed from wood planks and linen straps on their limbs representing some of the earliest accounts of orthopedics [2]. The use of autografts, allografts, and bone graft substitutes has interesting origins as well. The use of each graft type dates back several hundred years to apparently crude yet inspired methods and theories, which nonetheless set the stage for what we today consider state-of-the-art. Below is a brief history of each graft sub-group.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBone-grafting.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=700  1\$aKhan, Y., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10056M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10056M.htm

=LDR  03510nam  2200613 i 4500
=001  MONO10066M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2003||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145665 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133563
=020  \\$a0803133561
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10066M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10066M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
=082  04$a617.4/710592$223
=100  1\$aRosier, R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 9-Preclinical, Clinical, and Regulatory Issues in Cell-Based Therapies / $cM. Attawia, R. Rosier, TL. Arinzeh.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 6 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10066M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10066M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCELL OR CELL-BASED TISSUE ENGINEERING therapy is a rapidly growing and evolving technology that can include a broad range of products, e.g., processed, selected, or expanded human or other mammalian cells, stem or progenitor cells, genetically engineered cell therapies, alone or in combination with a synthetic or biological biomaterial. The United States Food and Drag Administration (FDA) reviews and regulates these products to assure safety and effectiveness. Beginning in the 1990s, the FDA has set forth a considerable amount of resources to improve the review and regulation of these products to ensure the protection of the public health while permitting significant innovation and keeping regulatory burden to a minimum. Currently, the FDA has approved some cell-based tissue engineered products for use, whereas others are still in preclinical development or undergoing regulatory evaluation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBone-grafting.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=700  1\$aArinzeh, TL., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aAttawia, M., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10066M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10066M.htm

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=001  MONO10075M
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2003||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145665 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133563
=020  \\$a0803133561
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10075M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
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=100  1\$aYaszemski, MJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 17-Issues Involving Standards Development for Synthetic Material Bone Graft Substitutes / $cM. Agrawal, DS. Katti, M. Long, R. Talac, MJ. Yaszemski.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 6 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10075M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10075M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b33.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMODERN ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY HAS become complex and technically sophisticated. Orthopedic surgeons and basic scientists have translated recent advances in chemistry, molecular biology, physiology, and biomaterials science into novel management options for their patients. In particular, the development of new synthetic bone graft substitutes (BGS) represents a rapidly evolving area. These synthetic biomaterials may be used alone, as scaffold, or as carrier for bioactive agents (proteins, antibiotics, blood derived or bone marrow derived agents, and cells). To date, most BGS materials available on the market have been classified as Bone Void Fillers (BVF) intended to be gently packed into bone voids or gaps that are not intrinsic to the stability of the bony structure [12]. These graft alternatives are subjected to varying degrees of regulatory scrutiny, and thus their true safety and effectiveness in patients may not be known prior to their clinical use [22]. Continuous innovation and the development of new implants raise important issues for technology testing, clinical performance, risk assessment and regulation. It is therefore not surprising that the development of standards for these implants represents an issue that increasingly confronts the professionals from industrial and health care sectors.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBone-grafting.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=700  1\$aAgrawal, M., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKatti, DS., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aLong, M., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aTalac, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10075M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10075M.htm

=LDR  04102nam  2200601 i 4500
=001  MONO10062M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2003||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145665 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133563
=020  \\$a0803133561
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10062M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10062M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
=082  04$a617.4/710592$223
=100  1\$aTomford, WW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 6-Standards Development Perspectives on the Use of Bone Graft Substitutes Based Upon Allografts / $cWW. Tomford, JS. Kirkpatrick.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 6 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10062M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10062M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE DEVELOPMENT OF BONE GRAFT substitutes has had explosive growth recently. Bone graft substitutes include collagen or mineral void fillers, processed bone allografts, extracted allograft products such as demineralized bone matrix, and combination products of implants and bone morphogenetic proteins [1,2]. Bone morphogenetic protein products are in need of standardization for a number of issues including dose, concentration of product, carrier factors, and threshold of bone induction [2]. One example of the complex nature of evaluating bone graft substitutes is the recently Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved InFUSE Bone Graft/LT-CAGE Lumbar fusion device. This product includes three components: a metallic device, a collagen sponge, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) [3]. The manufacturer provided basic science and clinical data from a several year, multicenter investigation in order to obtain approval for the product. Only one component of the product was subject to a standardized evaluation, and that was the cage component. The remaining components (the collagen sponge and rhBMP-2) had no standardized testing or specifications. This resulted in data that may not be comparable for future products, nor does it allow clinicians to know what key components are needed for specific clinical problems. These problems result in significant added cost to the consumer and health care system, and delays in implementing treatments that are beneficial to patients.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBone-grafting.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=700  1\$aKirkpatrick, JS., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10062M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10062M.htm

=LDR  03605nam  2200649 i 4500
=001  MONO10064M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2003||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145665 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133563
=020  \\$a0803133561
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10064M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10064M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
=082  04$a617.4/710592$223
=100  1\$aRosier, R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 7-Cell-Based Approaches for Bone Graft Substitutes / $cM. Attawia, R. Rosier, S. Kadiyala, K. Fitzgerald, K. Kraus, SP. Bruder.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 6 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10064M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10064M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b33.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PROCESS OF BONE HEALING is an exquisite and complex phenomenon that requires the interaction of three key ingredients: 1) competent bone-forming cells, 2) a suitable framework or scaffold, and 3) the presence of biological stimulants. The principal actors in the process of bone formation are the bone-forming cells, the osteoblasts, and their precursors, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Bone formation is the direct result of the self-assembly and mineralization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by the osteoblasts. The osteoblast arises from the MSC and progresses through a series of maturation steps, eventually becoming an osteoblast. In this process, the cell stages of the maturation sequence are known by distinct names. The term osteoprogenitor is commonly used to refer to all the cell stages preceding the osteoblast, including the MSC.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBone-grafting.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=700  1\$aAttawia, M., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aBruder, SP., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aFitzgerald, K., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKadiyala, S., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKraus, K., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10064M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10064M.htm

=LDR  03203nam  2200613 i 4500
=001  MONO10069M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2003||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145665 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133563
=020  \\$a0803133561
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10069M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10069M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
=082  04$a617.4/710592$223
=100  1\$aRosier, R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 12-Bone Graft Substitutes : A Regulatory Perspective / $cM. Attawia, R. Rosier, SJ. Gadaleta.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 6 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10069M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10069M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFOR MORE THAN 30 YEARS, the orthopedic community, including academic, industrial, and government sectors, has been investigating the use of synthetic-, growth factor-, and cell-based therapies as bone graft substitutes; the ultimate goal of which is to reduce or eliminate the use of autograft in healing bony defects. Synthetic bone graft substitutes, demineralized bone matrix, and bone morphogenetic proteins are legally marketed bone graft substitutes; however, each of these products has a distinct regulatory classification and, as such, requires a different regulatory path for approval prior to marketing.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBone-grafting.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=700  1\$aAttawia, M., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aGadaleta, SJ., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10069M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10069M.htm

=LDR  03333nam  2200613 i 4500
=001  MONO10074M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2003||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145665 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133563
=020  \\$a0803133561
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10074M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10074M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
=082  04$a617.4/710592$223
=100  1\$aKatti, DS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 16-Clinical Issues in the Development of Bone Graft Substitutes in Orthopedic Trauma Care / $cM. Agrawal, DS. Katti, RW. Bucholz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 6 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10074M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10074M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMORE THAN 500,000 SURGICAL PROCEDURES using bone grafts or bone graft substitutes are performed annually in the United States. Fractures and traumatic bone defects constitute a large proportion of these procedures, second only to spinal arthrodeses. This expanding market for grafts has stimulated the development over the last 20 years of a host of different bone graft substitutes composed of calcium phosphate or calcium sulfate biomaterials. No fewer than 30 bone graft substitutes and allograft products are currently in various stages of clinical development. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the critical clinical issues in the development of bone graft substitutes in orthopedic trauma care.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBone-grafting.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=700  1\$aAgrawal, M., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aBucholz, RW., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10074M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10074M.htm

=LDR  03194nam  2200637 i 4500
=001  MONO10072M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c2003||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145665 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133563
=020  \\$a0803133561
=024  7\$a10.1520/MONO10072M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10072M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aRD755.6
=082  04$a617.4/710592$223
=100  1\$aRichelsoph, KC., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 14-Calcium Sulfate-Based Bone Void Substitutes / $cM. Agrawal, DS. Katti, WO. Haggard, KC. Richelsoph, JE. Parr.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 6 (January 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10072M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10072M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b26.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE USE OF CALCIUM SULFATE as a bone graft implant has been reported in the clinical literature for more than a century. The history of calcium sulfate usage for both dental and orthopedic applications can be found in reviews by many authors including Bahn, Damien, Hulbert, Mackey, Peltier, and Smith [2,5,10,14,19,23]. A review of the recent development of multiple calcium sulfate bone graft products, their clinical performance, regulatory status, and standard activity will be surveyed and presented.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBone-grafting.
=650  \0$aBone Substitutes.
=650  \0$aBone Transplantation $xmethods.
=650  \0$aBone Morphogenetic Proteins.
=700  1\$aAgrawal, M., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHaggard, WO., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKatti, DS., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aParr, JE., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10072M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10072M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10767M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10767M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aMasciale, M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aCoating Materials / $cM. Masciale.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10767M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10767M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE SELECTION OF coatings for use in nuclear power plants is based upon requirements for normal operations as well as established accident requirements. Coating manufacturers evaluate materials in accordance with current standards to determine radiation resistance, decontamination properties, and service ability under design basis accident conditions. Other criteria for the testing, selection, and application of coatings in nuclear power plants are defined in ANSI and ASTM documents (references to be given)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10767M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10767M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10771M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10771M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aTrallo, R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aSafety / $cR. Trallo.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10771M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10771M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSAFETY IN AN operating nuclear plant is site specific. The information provided in this chapter should be considered when scoping and scheduling coating work and is meant only as a guide.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10771M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10771M.htm

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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10770M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10770M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aHill, D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInspection / $cD. Hill.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10770M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10770M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aToday, with increasing use of exotic coating formulations and the pressing need to satisfy our various environmental concerns, it is becoming more needful to have an effective inspection program. This is not to reflect upon the adequacies or inadequacies of the coating applicator. Instead, the inspection program should fit hand in glove with the intent of the specifications and the ability and reputation of the coating applicator.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10770M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10770M.htm

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=001  MNL10762M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10762M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10762M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aPuschel, M., $eauthor.
=245  14$aThe Significance of Maintenance Coating / $cM. Puschel, J. Cavallo.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10762M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10762M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THE NUCLEAR utility industry, maintenance painting is performed for one or more of the following purposes: 1. Corrosion mitigation and prevention (life extension). 2. Facilitate decontamination. 3. Regulatory commitment. 4. System color coding. 5. Human factor considerations (aesthetics, lighting, identification, etc.) 6. Facilitate housekeeping.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=700  1\$aCavallo, J., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10762M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10762M.htm

=LDR  02839nam  2200589 i 4500
=001  MNL10766M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10766M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10766M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aOechsle, SJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aQualification of Nuclear Grade Maintenance Coatings / $cSJ. Oechsle.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10766M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10766M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe purpose of preparing concrete test blocks is to use these samples for application of coatings which represent coating systems found in Service Level I nuclear facilities. These samples are then subjected to radiation and DBA conditions found in that particular facility (Fig. 10)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10766M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10766M.htm

=LDR  02968nam  2200601 i 4500
=001  MNL10769M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10769M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10769M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aIkenberry, R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPractical Methods of Coating Application / $cR. Ikenberry, WC. Bates.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10769M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10769M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER OUTLINES the methods and tools in common use for appHcation of maintenance coatings at power generating facihties. In most cases, a Hquid material is applied in a uniform manner to the surface to be protected. The liquid will then cure to the desired state (rigid, elastomer, etc.) by solvent evaporation, oxidation, catalyzation, or a combination of methods.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=700  1\$aBates, WC., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10769M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10769M.htm

=LDR  02948nam  2200589 i 4500
=001  MNL10764M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10764M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10764M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aShugart, T., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPreparing for Maintenance Painting / $cT. Shugart.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10764M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10764M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE FIRST STEP in developing a maintenance coating program for an operating nuclear plant is that the painting schedules, materials, and application procedures used during construction be turned over to the Operating Department. This turnover, however, does not happen in all plants. The plant engineer has to survey each area, then develop a program that best fits into the plant's coating maintenance program.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10764M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10764M.htm

=LDR  03480nam  2200601 i 4500
=001  MNL10763M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10763M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10763M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aShugart, T., $eauthor.
=245  10$aSurveillance Plan for In-Service Coatings / $cM. Puschel, T. Shugart.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10763M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10763M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER REVIEWS plant operating and maintenance department requirements associated with in-service coating inspection and covers guidelines for monitoring coating performance in an operating nuclear power plant. Establishment of an in-service coatings surveillance plan permits planning and prioritization of coatings maintenance work to maintain coating integrity and performance in all coating systems, and Service Level I coating systems in particular. It also enables identification and detection of potential problems in coating systems known in advance to be suspect or deficient for some reason and assists in recommendations for follow-up procedures to resolve any significant deficiency relative to coating work. A surveillance plan may also be required to fulfill technical specifications and safety analysis report commitments, if any, for Service Level I coating work.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=700  1\$aPuschel, M., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10763M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10763M.htm

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=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10761M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10761M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aHill, D., $eauthor.
=245  10$aProtecting Surfaces in a Nuclear Plant / $cD. Hill.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10761M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10761M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER ACQUAINTS the user of this manual with background information so that a better understanding of the complexities of regulations and their need in the maintenance of the nuclear power facility is achieved. The following subjects will be briefly discussed: 1. The reasons for the initial coating work, including that done in the primary containment structure. 2. The relationship between the coating work accomplished during the construction phase and the concerns of the emergency coolant system/engineered safety systems of light water nuclear power plants.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10761M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10761M.htm

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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10765M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10765M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aTrallo, R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPlanning and Scheduling Maintenance Coating Work / $cR. Trallo.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10765M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10765M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER is closely related to Chapter 4. However, this chapter goes into more detail as to the specific area being coated.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10765M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10765M.htm

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=001  MNL10768M
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=005  20170503163000.0
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1990||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145191 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803114043
=020  \\$a0803114044
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10768M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10768M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK1078
=082  04$a621.48/3/0288$223
=100  1\$aCavallo, J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aPractical Methods of Surface Preparation for Maintenance Painting / $cJ. Cavallo.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1990.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1990, Issue 8 (January 1990)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10768M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10768M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSurface preparation is the most important part of any painting project. Historical analysis of failures of industrial painting systems indicates that up to 75% of all coating system failures are the result of inadequate surface preparation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1990. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xMaintenance and repair.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $xNuclear. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNuclear power plants $xPainting.
=650  \0$aNuclear reactors $xContainment $xPainting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10768M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10768M.htm

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=001  MNL10678M
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=005  20170503163000.0
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=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1997||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145351 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120730
=020  \\$a0803120737
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10678M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10678M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTX335
=082  04$a664/.07$223
=100  1\$aRossi, F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 5-Three Multivariate Approaches to Relating Consumer to Descriptive Data / $cR. Popper, H. Heymann, F. Rossi.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1997.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1997, Issue 30 (February 1997)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10678M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10678M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn the course of product development, it often is desirable to collect information on a specific set of products from both a trained descriptive panel and from consumers. By considering both sources of information, one can often gain a better understanding of the sensory attributes important to consumers than can be gained by considering consumer data alone. In particular, the study of the relationship between consumer and trained data can provide answers to the following questions: 1. What sensory attributes, as measured by a trained panel, are important to how much a consumer likes or dislikes a product? 2. How does one translate the terms consumers use to describe products into terms used by a trained descriptive panel?.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1997. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $x-- Food Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch.
=700  1\$aHeymann, H., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aPopper, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10678M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10678M.htm

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=001  MNL10676M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1997||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145351 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120730
=020  \\$a0803120737
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10676M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10676M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTX335
=082  04$a664/.07$223
=100  1\$aPeryam, DR., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3-Validity / $cDR. Peryam, AM. Muoz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1997.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1997, Issue 30 (February 1997)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10676M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10676M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aValidity is a Holy Grail, a supreme and basic virtue in the realm of data relationships, research, and measurement in general. It is sometimes equated with truth, thus becoming the ultimate good, which is probably overstated. But researchers should have the concept of validity ever present, at least operationally, even though the specific term is not always used. Being virtuous, we know what we should do and our behavior generally conforms. So let's try to muster the facts and suppositions.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1997. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $x-- Food Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch.
=700  1\$aMuoz, AM., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10676M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10676M.htm

=LDR  02707nam  2200589 i 4500
=001  MNL10679M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1997||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145351 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120730
=020  \\$a0803120737
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10679M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10679M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTX335
=082  04$a664/.07$223
=100  1\$aRothman, L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 6-Relationship Between Consumer Responses and Analytical Measurements / $cL. Rothman.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1997.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1997, Issue 30 (February 1997)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10679M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10679M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA. To determine the relationships between analytical measurements and consumer responses for herb and cheese breadsticks. B. To predict consumer responses based on analytical measurements.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1997. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $x-- Food Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10679M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10679M.htm

=LDR  03096nam  2200637 i 4500
=001  MNL10675M
=003  IN-ChSCO
=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1997||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145351 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120730
=020  \\$a0803120737
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10675M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10675M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTX335
=082  04$a664/.07$223
=100  1\$aStouffer, J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 2-Requirements and Special Considerations for Consumer Data Relationships / $cD. Irving, J. Chinn, JE. Herskovic, CC. King, J. Stouffer.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1997.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1997, Issue 30 (February 1997)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10675M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10675M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWhen establishing consumer data relationships, there are many requirements relating to the data sets being compared. These requirements pertain to the following areas: 1. The samples to be evaluated. 2. The sensory methodology to be used. 3. The physical/chemical methodology to be used. 4. The data-handling procedures. 5. The statistical requirements of the experiment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1997. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $x-- Food Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch.
=700  1\$aChinn, J., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aHerskovic, JE., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aIrving, D., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aKing, CC., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10675M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10675M.htm

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=001  MNL10674M
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=005  20170503163000.0
=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1997||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145351 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120730
=020  \\$a0803120737
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10674M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10674M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTX335
=082  04$a664/.07$223
=100  1\$aMuoz, AM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1-Importance, Types, and Applications of Consumer Data Relationships / $cAM. Muoz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1997.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1997, Issue 30 (February 1997)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10674M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10674M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aConsumer research is one of the key activities of consumer products companies. Through this type of testing, companies determine consumer acceptance, preference, and opinions on the products tested. This is, ultimately, the most important type of information companies use to make product decisions, such as the development and marketing of new products, the reformulation of existing products, the acceptance of alternate suppliers and processes, the establishment of quality control specifications, etc.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1997. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $x-- Food Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10674M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10674M.htm

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=100  1\$aJones, RM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 4-Statistical Techniques for Data Relationships / $cRM. Jones.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1997.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1997, Issue 30 (February 1997)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10677M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10677M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe reader should be aware that this chapter is not a textbook in statistics or data analysis. It does provide an overview of some of the more common techniques used in data analysis, especially for data relationships. If the sensory professional is not trained in statistics, the help of a statistician should be sought in applying and interpreting many of the methods. Regardless of the training or experience of the sensory professional, it may be of value to combine forces with a statistician to obtain the maximum possible information from any study of data relationships as defined for this publication.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1997. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $x-- Food Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10677M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10677M.htm

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=100  1\$aKing, S., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 7-Relationships Between Consumer Acceptance and Consumer/Market Factors / $cS. King, J. Heylmun.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1997.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1997, Issue 30 (February 1997)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10680M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10680M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSensory consumer tests are usually designed to study the effect of product variables/factors, such as ingredients or processing changes, on consumer acceptance. Conclusions and recommendations are based on the effect of product factors on consumer acceptance. For example, the consumer response may have changed as a result of an ingredient change. If the product is to remain the same, further work on ingredient substitution is recommended based on these results.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1997. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $x-- Food Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch.
=700  1\$aHeylmun, J., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10680M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10680M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aDaw, ER., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 8-Relationship Between Consumer and Employee Responses in Research Guidance Acceptance Tests / $cER. Daw.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1997.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1997, Issue 30 (February 1997)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10681M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10681M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFrom a practical standpoint, it is often desirable for a consumer products company to be able to conduct preliminary acceptance testing with an in-house panel made up of company employees. While results from this type of panel should never be used as a basis for final consumer product decisions, they are useful in the early stages of the product development cycle to predict which formulations are most likely to be successful in further testing or to predict consumer responses to such issues as shelf life expiration based on acceptance. Before these panels can be used with confidence, however, it is necessary to establish an understanding of the true predictive nature of in-house panels when compared to actual consumer responses for the product category of interest.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1997. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommercial products $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $x-- Food Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensory evaluation.
=650  \0$aConsumers $xResearch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10681M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10681M.htm

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=008  170503c1994||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145634 (e-ISBN)
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=020  \\$a0803120559
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=030  \\$aASTMMO
=037  \\$aMONO10053M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTK3401
=082  04$a621.319/37$223
=100  1\$aVincent, GA., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 5 Molecular Structure and Composition of Liquid Insulating Materials / $cGA. Vincent.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1994.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (57 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1994, Issue 2 (January 1994)
=490  1\$aASTM monograph series ; $vMONO10053M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MONO10053M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b57.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIt is necessary to know something about the chemical bonding holding atoms together to form molecules and the interactions of molecules in order to have some understanding of matter. Why is a liquid a liquid and not a gas or a solid? What is the basis of the physical and chemical properties of liquids?.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1994. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElectric insulators and insulation $xLiquids.
=650  \0$aDielectrics.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pmonograph Series ; $vMONO10053M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MONO10053M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803162495 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803142695
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=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL11345M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA418.72
=082  04$a620.1/1292$223
=245  00$aChapter 5-Adhesive Wear Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 56 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11345M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11345M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAS WAS PREVIOUSLY MENTIONED, THE TERM adhesive essentially defines a wear mechanism, and mechanisms are seldom universally agreed upon. In addition, the term adhesive wear is not popular, but for this guide, it is preferred over the nonabrasive alternate term. Many times, the adhesive component may be minor, but nonabrasive may have no meaning to newcomers in tribology. In any case, the ASTM G 40 definition is: wear due to localized bonding between contacting solid surfaces leading to material transfer between the two surfaces or loss from either surface..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11345M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11345M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803142695
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=037  \\$aMNL11350M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA418.72
=082  04$a620.1/1292$223
=245  00$aChapter 10-Erosion Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 56 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11350M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11350M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEROSION IS DIFFERENT FROM WEAR IN THAT there is a fluid contribution to the mechanical action that is producing wear. If the fluid is corrosive to the material being eroded, it will increase material removal. Water is often corrosive in erosion on metal base systems so there will be a contribution. On the other hand, air in solid particle and droplet erosion is not corrosive to most materials so there will not be a dissolution component. When a fast-moving stream erodes a canyon through solid rock there may or may not be a corrosion component depending on the type of rock. Water in copper plumbing can certainly have a chemical component. In fact, any of the metals that rely on passive films for corrosion resistance are likely to be corroded when the mechanical action of the fluid or particles in the fluid disrupts the film formation kinetics.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11350M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11350M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA418.72
=082  04$a620.1/1292$223
=245  00$aChapter 9-Rolling Wear, Impact Wear, and Surface Fatigue Testing.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 56 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11349M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11349M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHOW DOES ROLLING ON A SURFACE WEAR IT? As mentioned in the discussion of rolling wear in Chapter 2, pure rolling only occurs in a fraction of the total footprint of a revolute shape (ball, roller, wheel, etc.) that rolls on another surface (Figure 9-1). Rolling means that both surfaces are at the same velocity; there is no relative slip. When there is slip, there is wear (and friction). It is really the same as sliding wear except that the relative slip can be very small. Therefore, rolling wear occurs by the nonuniform slip that accompanies a Hertzian contact.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11349M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11349M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803142695
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=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA418.72
=082  04$a620.1/1292$223
=245  00$aChapter 2-Alternatives to Testing : Modeling and Simulation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 56 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11342M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11342M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE SCENARIO: A LUBRICANT IS NEEDED FOR A plain bearing of CDA 172 phosphor bronze sliding against nitrided steel to complete a project. Your company's lubricant selection expert system is called up on your CAD terminal; information is entered on shaft size, speed, torque, normal force, and desired service life; and the computer displays a trade name and type of a specific lubricant to use, how it is to be applied, and lubrication intervals.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11342M.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11343M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11343M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHOW DOES A PERSON START IN ADDRESSING THE task of conducting a wear test? The same way that any engineering or research effort is started: decide upon the purpose and objective of the proposed test. This is not a trivial task. These elements should be well thought out as they can affect the entire test program. Some of the common reasons for conducting a wear tests include the following: 1. Purpose: to solve a current wear problem Objective: to get a machine back in operation 2. Purpose: to prevent a perceived wear problem in a new system Objective: to ensure desired serviceability of a machine 3. Purpose: to rank a class of materials or treatments for wear resistance Objective: to provide guidelines on application of materials and treatments to provide optimum serviceability 4. Purpose: to research a wear mechanism Objective: to design materials that will resist a type of wear 5. Purpose: to develop wear resistant materials or treatments Objective: to make profits for your company who will market the material or treatment.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11343M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11343M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 11-Types of Friction and Friction Testing.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMANY CLEVER PEOPLE HAVE BUILT PERPETUAL motion machines and no one has succeeded in making one that works. The machines eventually stop because of friction. Friction is an energy dissipation process that accompanies a body or substance in relative motion in contact with another body or substance. When a solid body slides on another solid, it takes energy to put the body in motion and keep it moving. This energy is dissipated at the rubbing surfaces, usually in the form of heat or deformation. When a solid body is moved through a fluid, the energy required to produce motion is dissipated by movement of the fluid as in waves or even results in heating. Re-entry of the U.S. space shuttle is an example of friction between a solid (the shuttle) and a fluid (air) and the energy of the collision and rubbing of air molecules on the shuttle surfaces is heating. A fluid in a pipe dissipates energy at the fluid/pipe interface. Rolling a revolute shape like a tire on a solid surface requires energy and this energy is dissipated by tire and roadway heating. There is no zero friction mechanism because there is always rubbing when a body or substance is set in motion and rubbing of solid surfaces or substances dissipates energy. A first principle of physics is for any force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. The friction force is often the reaction force dictated by physics. The mathematical definition of friction force, per ASTM G 40, is: F - the resisting force tangential to the interface between two bodies when, under the action of an external force, one body moves or tends to move relative to the other.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11351M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11351M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 6-Plastic/Elastomer Wear.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPLASTICS ARE POLYMERIC MATERIALS THAT CAN be molded into shape by flow at some elevated temperature. Elastomers are polymeric materials that have high elongation (more than 100% in a tensile test) and forcibly return from elongation/deformation; they have high restitution. It is current practice to combine moldable plastics with elastomers to make thermoplastic elastomers; essentially, these are injectionmoldable rubbers. There is a plastic phase and a rubber phase in the microstructure.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11346M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11346M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 13-Test Confidence and Correlation with Service.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS GUIDE DISCUSSED THE MOST WIDELY USED wear tests and, to end this book, industrial case histories will be presented to try to convince readers to use these tests to solve problems and to perform research studies. The chapter goal is readers who recognize that bench tests are a fast, costeffective approach to solving tribological problems.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11353M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11353M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 7-Lubricated Wear Tests.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11347M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11347M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE PURPOSE OF MOST WEAR TESTS IS TO SIMUlate a specific situation, a type of motion, frequency, speed, etc. Of course, some tribosystems involve the use of lubricants. Thus, representative bench tests also use lubrication-a lubricated wear test, which is the primary subject of this chapter. The objective of a lubricated wear test is often to determine the efficacy of a particular material couple when lubricated in a specific way. There are also tests, called lubricant tests, that keep the material couple constant and test the friction or wear reduction characteristics of lubricants, although these tests are not included in the chapter scope. The evaluation of lubricants is such a large subject that it could not be properly addressed in one short chapter.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11347M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11347M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 1-Identification of Different Types of Wear.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11341M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11341M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDIAGNOSIS IS THE FIRST STEP IN SOLVING A medical problem, a car repair, or home repair problem-just about any problem. What is the nature of the problem? What does it look like? What is its severity? Some wear diagnoses are very fast and simple. For example, when the treads disappear on your automobile tires, you can be safe in assuming that abrasive wear from roadway contact removed enough material to warrant replacement. However, when an automobile engine starts to burn oil and have less power than normal, it may take some sleuthing to find out whether something has worn out. If so, what? Similarly, if a manufacturing machine is not working properly, some components that may be buried in the machine are worn. As with a medical diagnosis, the remedy can only come when the cause is identified. So too with friction, wear, and erosion. There is a need to identify the specific type of wear, friction, or erosion before proceeding to solve the problem.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11341M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11341M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 4-Abrasive Wear Testing.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11344M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aABRASION TAKES PLACE ON CRUSHER JAWS WHEN rocks are crushed to make pea-size stones for pavement. This type of abrasion is termed gouging abrasion because handling big rocks gouges truck bodies and all of the equipment that is used to mine and process the rock to a finished product. However, once big rocks are converted to neat pea-size stones, they produce low-stress abrasion when they are conveyed or slide down chutes. If the same stone were milled to a one-micrometer powder, it might produce polishing wear on the comminution equipment. The mechanism of gouging abrasion is macroscopic plastic deformation of surfaces coupled with high-stress scratching abrasion. The pushing of the rock against and across the working surfaces is sufficient to cause the rock to crush; thus, it is high-stress abrasion. When the pea stone is sliding on a metal or plastic chute, it produces low-stress or scratching abrasion because the stone's sharp edges produce scratches on the contacting surfaces. Finally, the scratches are no longer macroscopic when one-millimeter stone particles rub on surfaces. It removes material probably by a mechanism of microscopic scratches and adhesive transfer of material from the rubbed surface to the harder rock. For these reasons, there are basically four categories of abrasion tests, and one should be selected to simulate a particular application.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11344M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11344M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 8-Fretting Tests.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11348M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFRETTING DAMAGE OCCURS IN COUNTLESS applications where it is not recognized or where it is ignored. It is also relatively ignored in testing practices, and that is why an entire chapter is dedicated to this form of nonabrasive wear. Hopefully, this attention will counteract the relative neglect that it receives from the technical community. One significant reason for fretting damage neglect is that the damage is frequently visually negligible. A classic example is fretting damage on wires in rope and other metal-strand cables. Repeated use involves elastic elongations of individual wires. Because of the braiding, the wires do not elongate the same under load, and some wires are stretching more than others, which means microscopic relative slip. Eventually, the wires that are subject to the most fretting motion start to fail because the fretting damage produced a deep pit that acted as a stress concentration. However, the wire rope user may never see any visual external damage until enough wires have failed to produce dangerous damage. Often, the damage is never detected until a load is dropped when the entire wire rope or cable breaks. Fretting corrosion is a limiting factor in the use of wire ropes and similar cables subjected to alternating loads.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11348M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11348M.htm

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=008  170503c2007||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA418.72
=082  04$a620.1/1292$223
=245  00$aChapter 12-Micro-, Nano-, and Biotribotests.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2007.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2007, Issue 56 (January 2007)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11352M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11352M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMOST OF THE TESTS DESCRIBED TO THIS POINT simulate tribosystems in machinery. Damage and wear effects usually are macroscopic, that is, it is possible to see what happened with the unaided eye. However, the advent of computers and advances in medicine have brought about a variety of tribotests that are quite different. Microtribotests deal with sliding systems involving motions and wear events with sizes in the range of 1 to 100 m. Nanotribology deals with wear effects that are in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Biotribology is the science of interactions occurring in human joints and internal body mechanisms. These subjects are quite diverse, but they have commonality in their specificity. Each deals with a specialty in tribology that is limited in participation, but not importance.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2007. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMaterials $xTesting.
=650  \0$aFriction.
=650  \0$aMechanical wear.
=650  \0$aErosion.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11352M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11352M.htm

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=008  170503c1992||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145214 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803117563
=020  \\$a0803117566
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10522M$2doi
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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aKeane, P., $eauthor.
=245  14$aThe Flavor Profile / $cP. Keane.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 13 (May 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10522M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10522M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe flavor profile method is based on the concept that flavor consists of identifiable taste, odor, and chemical feeling factors plus an underlying complex of sensory impressions not separately identifiable. The method consists of formal procedures for describing and assessing the aroma and flavor of a product in a reproducible manner. The separate characteristics contributing to the overall sensory impression of the product are identified, and their intensity assessed in order to build a description of the aroma, flavor, and aftertaste of the product.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFood Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensorisch onderzoek.
=650  \0$aLevensmiddelen.
=650  \0$aOnderzoeksmethoden.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10522M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10522M.htm

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=008  170503c1992||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145214 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803117563
=020  \\$a0803117566
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10524M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10524M$bASTM
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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aMuoz, AM., $eauthor.
=245  14$aThe Spectrum Descriptive Analysis Method / $cAM. Muoz, GV. Civille.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 13 (May 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10524M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10524M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe Spectrum Descriptive Analysis Method consists of a complete, detailed, and accurate descriptive characterization of a product's sensory attributes. This characterization provides information on the perceived sensory attributes (characters or notes) and the levels or intensities of each. The perceived intensities are recorded in relation to absolute or universal scales, which allow the comparison of relative intensities among attributes within a product and among products tested.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFood Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensorisch onderzoek.
=650  \0$aLevensmiddelen.
=650  \0$aOnderzoeksmethoden.
=700  1\$aCiville, GV., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10524M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10524M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803117563
=020  \\$a0803117566
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10525M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aSzczesniak, AS., $eauthor.
=245  14$aThe Texture Profile / $cAM. Muoz, AS. Szczesniak, MA. Einstein, NO. Schwartz.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 13 (May 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10525M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10525M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b15.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis document describes the characteristics and procedures of the original texture profile method as developed by General Foods technical stafFin 1963. The development of the texture profile method was based on adaptation of rheological principles to sensory evaluation and on the overall concept of the flavor profile method.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFood Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensorisch onderzoek.
=650  \0$aLevensmiddelen.
=650  \0$aOnderzoeksmethoden.
=700  1\$aEinstein, MA., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aMuoz, AM., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aSchwartz, NO., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10525M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10525M.htm

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=008  170503c1992||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145214 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803117563
=020  \\$a0803117566
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10523M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10523M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTX546
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=100  1\$aStone, H., $eauthor.
=245  10$aQuantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) / $cH. Stone.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1992.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1992, Issue 13 (May 1992)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10523M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10523M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe method of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) is based on the principle of a panelist's ability to verbalize perceptions of a product in a reliable manner. The method embodies a formal screening and training procedure, development and use of a sensory language, and the scoring of products on repeated trials to obtain a complete, quantitative description.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1992. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFood $xSensory evaluation.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xFood Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSensorisch onderzoek.
=650  \0$aLevensmiddelen.
=650  \0$aOnderzoeksmethoden.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10523M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10523M.htm

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=008  170503c1975||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803105959 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803108172
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL11855D$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL11855D$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401.A18
=082  04$a620.1/1/08 s$223
=100  1\$aWright, W. A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aViscosity Index Tables for Celsius Temperatures / $cW. A. Wright, A. F. Talbot, R. E. Manning.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1975.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (950 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1975, Issue DS39B (May 1975)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11855D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11855D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b5.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThese tables were prepared to provide a convenient means of obtaining the viscosity index of petroleum products and lubricants without the necessity of calculation. They have been prepared under the sponsorship of Research and Development Division VII on Flow Properties of ASTM Committee D-2.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1975. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xThermal properties $xTables.
=650  \0$aViscosity $xTables.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xThermal properties.
=650  \0$aViscosity.
=700  1\$aManning, R. E., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aTalbot, A. F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11855D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11855D.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145412 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120822
=020  \\$a0803120826
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 2 Stress Analysis for Members with Cracks-KI.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (37 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10324M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10324M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFRACTURE MECHANICS is a method of characterizing the fracture and fatigue behavior of sharply notched structural members (cracked or flawed) in terms that can be used by the engineer, namely, stress (?) and flaw size (a)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10324M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10324M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 16 Importance of Constraint and Loading-The Ingram Barge.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10338M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10338M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES the brittle fracture of the Ingram Barge which occurred in 1972. This ship had a notch toughness level of about 55 ft-lb at the service temperature, well above what would generally be considered adequate to prevent a brittle fracture. However, in this case, the three-dimensional constraint based on the design was such that the principle stresses, ?1, ?2, and ?3, were relatively high in tension. This triaxial state of tensile stresses prevented the development of significant shear stresses at the fracture origin. Thus, as would be concluded from strength of materials principles, brittle fracture could occur when the three principal stress components are large.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10338M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10338M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 20 Problems.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10342M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10342M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aGiven a structural material with a yield strength of 80 ksi and an ultimate strength of 100 ksi loaded to a KI value of 60 ksi?in., plot the stress distribution, ?y directly ahead of a crack (? = 0) between r = 0 and r = 1.0 in.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10342M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10342M.htm

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=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 19 Importance of Loading Rate on Structural Performance-Burst Tests of Steel Casings.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10341M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10341M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER PRESENTS chemical and mechanical properties of two J-55 casings selected to have significantly different yield strengths. The chemical composition and tensile properties of the tested casings met the specification requirements for both J-55 and K-55 casing grades. Consequently, the results of the investigation are equally applicable to both grades. Also presented are the results of burst tests that were conducted at Battelle [1] on short sections of these casings containing milled notches and the results of a failure analysis of the tested sections conducted at the U.S. Steel Technical Center. Finally, the significance of the results to API Charpy V-notch requirements for J-55 and K-55 casings are discussed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10341M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10341M.htm

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=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 3 Resistance Forces-Kc-Jc-?c.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (28 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10325M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10325M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN CHAPTER 2 we described various analytical relationships for determining stress-intensity factors in elastic bodies with different-shaped cracks. These stress-intensity factors are a function of load, crack size, and geometry, but not material properties. Ideally, a KI stress-intensity factor associated with a specific crack geometry can be used to model an actual crack in a real structure. Three of the most common geometries are the edge crack, surface crack, and through-thickness crack, as shown in Figure 3.1.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10325M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10325M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 15 Importance of Fracture Toughness and Proper Fabrication Procedures-The Bryte Bend Bridge.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10337M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10337M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFRACTURE toughness is a very important consideration in preventing brittle fractures of welded structures. However, as research and service experience have shown, brittle fracture is not, and never has been, just a material problem. Design, fabrication, materials, inspection, and service conditions all are factors that affect the susceptibility of a structure to brittle fracture. In this chapter the contribution of these factors to the Bryte Bend Bridge failure [1,2] is discussed. In addition, the AASHTO Fracture Control Plan for steel bridges is discussed to show how, had the ASSHTO Fracture Control Plan [3] been in existence, this failure would not have occurred.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10337M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10337M.htm

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=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 1 Overview of the Problem of Fracture and Fatigue in Structures.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (25 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10323M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10323M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aALTHOUGH THE TOTAL number of structures that have failed by brittle fracture is low, brittle fractures have occurred and do occur in structures. The following limited historical review illustrates the fact that brittle fractures can occur in all types of engineering structures such as tanks, pressure vessels, ships, bridges, airplanes, and buildings.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10323M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10323M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120822
=020  \\$a0803120826
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10339M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 17 Importance of Loading and Inspection-Trans Alaska Pipeline Service Oil Tankers.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (17 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10339M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10339M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aOIL TANKERS, such as those in the Trans Alaska Pipeline Service (TAPS), can be subjected to fairly severe wave loadings. The severe wave loadings result in high cyclic stresses, and undetected cracks may grow by fatigue to lengths approaching the critical crack size of the hull steel.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10339M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10339M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120822
=020  \\$a0803120826
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
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=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 18 Importance of Proper Analysis, Fracture Toughness, Fabrication, and Loading on Structural Behavior-Failure Analysis of a Lock-and-Dam Sheet Piling.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10340M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10340M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b1.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER DESCRIBES the fracture of a sheet pile in a cofferdam cell and presents a failure analysis to determine the cause of failure. The analysis examines the steel properties, fabrication and construction procedures, and the design of the cell.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10340M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10340M.htm

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=008  170503c1999||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145412 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120822
=020  \\$a0803120826
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10335M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10335M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 13 Fracture Criteria.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (20 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10335M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10335M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA FRACTURE CRITERION is a standard against which the expected fracture behavior of a structure can be judged. In general terms, fracture criteria are related to the three levels of fracture performance, namely plane strain, elastic plastic, or fully plastic, as shown in Figure 13.1. Although it would appear desirable always to specify fully plastic behavior, this is rarely done because it is almost always unnecessary as well as economically unfeasible in most cases. Furthermore, relying primarily on notch toughness to prevent failure rather than good robust design may lead to problems. Finally, it is unsound engineering because good design is defined as an optimization of satisfactory structural performance, safety, and economic considerations.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10335M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10335M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145412 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120822
=020  \\$a0803120826
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10329M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10329M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 7 Introduction to Fatigue.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (19 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10329M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10329M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE DISCUSSION in the preceding chapters described the fracture behavior of components subjected to a monotonically increasing load. However, most equipment and structural components are subjected to repeated fluctuating loads whose magnitude is well below the fracture load under monotonic loading. Examples of equipment and structures subjected to fatigue loading include pumps, vehicles, earthmoving equipment, drilling rigs, aircraft, bridges, ships, and offshore structures.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10329M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10329M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 12 Fracture and Fatigue Control.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (31 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10334M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10334M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE OBJECTIVE in the structural design of large complex structures, such as bridges, ships, pressure vessels, buildings, etc., is to optimize the desired performance, safety requirements, and cost (i.e., the overall cost of materials, design, fabrication, operation, and maintenance). In other words, the purpose of engineering design is to produce a structure that will perform the operating function efficiently, safely, and economically. To achieve these objectives, engineers make predictions of service loads and conditions, calculate stresses in various structural members resulting from these loads and service conditions, and compare these stresses with the critical stresses for the particular failure modes that may lead to failure of the structure. Members are then proportioned and materials specified so that failure does not occur by any of the possible failure modes. Because the response to loading can be a function of the member geometry, an iterative process may be necessary.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10334M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10334M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 10 Fatigue and Fracture Behavior of Welded Components.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (44 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10332M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10332M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b31.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWELDING TECHNOLOGY has had a significant impact on industrial developments. Fabrication by welding is an effective method to reduce production and fabrication costs and can be mechanized, computer controlled, and incorporated in assembly lines. Welding fabrication has revolutionized many industries, including shipbuilding and automotive production, and has resulted in the development of various products, such as pressure vessels, that could not otherwise have achieved their present functions.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10332M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10332M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 4 Effects of Temperature, Loading Rate, and Constraint.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (23 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10326M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10326M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN CHAPTER 3, VARIOUS fracture test methods for determining the fracture toughness under conditions of slow, intermediate, and dynamic loading rates were described. Generally, fracture toughness values are referred to as Kc, the critical stress intensity factor. For specific situations, there are specific Kc values, such as KIc, for slow-loading under plane strain conditions as defined by ASTM E 399. The fracture toughness under intermediate-load rate conditions is referred to as KIc (t), where the time to maximum load is given in the parentheses. The dynamic crack arrest fracture toughness is KIa, and the critical plane-strain stress-intensity factor under conditions of impact loading is referred to as KId. Furthermore, the KIc, KIc (t), and KIa tests are frequently conducted at various temperatures to determine the static, intermediate, and dynamic fracture toughness of various structural materials as a function of temperature.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10326M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10326M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145412 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120822
=020  \\$a0803120826
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10336M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10336M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 14 Fitness for Service.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (26 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10336M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10336M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFITNESS FOR SERVICE is a term used by Wells [1] in the early 1960s to describe the actual safety or reliability of a structure at a given time. It takes account of the actual stresses, flaw sizes, material toughness, service conditions, etc. in a realistic manner so that the fitness for continued service of an existing structure can be established on a rational basis. It has also been referred to as common sense engineering [2] and serves as the basis for a decision as to the life extension of an existing structure.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10336M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10336M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145412 (e-ISBN)
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=030  \\$aASTMML
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=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 8 Fatigue-Crack Initiation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10330M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10330M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b16.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE FATIGUE LIFE of structural components is determined by the sum of the elapsed cycles required to initiate a fatigue crack and to propagate the crack from subcritical dimensions to the critical size. Consequently, the fatigue life of structural components may be considered to be composed of three continuous stages: (1) fatigue-crack initiation, (2) fatigue-crack propagation, and (3) fracture. The fracture stage represents the terminal conditions (i.e., the particular combination of ?, a, and KIc) in the life of a structural component. The useful life of cyclically loaded structural components can be determined only when the three stages in the life of the component are evaluated individually and the cyclic behavior in each stage is thoroughly understood.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10330M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10330M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120822
=020  \\$a0803120826
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10328M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10328M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 6 Fracture-Mechanics Design.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (27 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10328M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10328M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aDESIGN IS A TERM used in different ways by engineers. From a structural viewpoint, the term usually refers to the synthesis of various disciplines (statics, strength of materials, structural analysis, matrix algebra, etc.) to create a structure that is proportioned and then detailed into its final shape. When the word design is used in this sense, designing to prevent fracture usually refers to using an appropriate stress level as well as to the elimination (as much as possible) of those structural details that act as stress raisers and that can be potential fracture-initiation sites; for example, weld discontinuities, mismatch, and intersecting plates. Unfortunately, large complex structures (either welded or bolted) rarely are designed (or fabricated) without these discontinuities, although good design and fabrication practices can minimize their size and number.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10328M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10328M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120822
=020  \\$a0803120826
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10327M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA409
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aChapter 5 CVN-KId-Kc Correlations.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1999.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1999, Issue 41 (January 1999)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10327M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10327M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCHAPTER 3 DESCRIBED various fracture mechanics test methods that can be used to measure the resistance force of structural materials regardless of the fracture toughness level. That is, test methods ranging from linear elastic, KIc test methods to fully plastic J-R or ?U test methods were described. Furthermore, the relationships between K-J-? were described so that the engineer can estimate the resistance force in terms of a Kc value for comparison with the driving force, KI, as described in Chapter 2. Thus, regardless of the inherent fracture toughness of a structural material or the service loading conditions, it is possible to use fracture mechanics to predict the fracture behavior of actual structures.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1999. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics.
=650  \0$aMetals $xFatigue.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xCase studies.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10327M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10327M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA401
=082  04$a620.17$223
=100  1\$aVan Echo, John A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aReport on The Elevated-Temperature Properties of Stainless Steels / $cWard F. Simmons, John A. Van Echo.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1965.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (208 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1965, Issue DS5S1 (December 1965)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11827D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11827D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis compilation is a graphical summary of the elevated-temperature mechanical-property data (with a very limited amount of low-temperature data) for commercially produced stainless steels. The data were collected through the efforts of the Data and Publications Panel of the Joint ASTM-ASME Committee on Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Metals.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1965. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMetals $xEffect of high temperatures on.
=650  \0$aStainless steel.
=700  1\$aSimmons, Ward F., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11827D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11827D.htm

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=100  1\$aFlint, AJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aResponses to Flame Exposure / $cAJ. Flint.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 35 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10707M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10707M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlastics $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMaterial Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10707M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10707M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120796
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=100  1\$aFlint, AJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMeasuring Mechanical Properties of Plastics / $cAJ. Flint.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (34 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 35 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10706M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10706M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlastics $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMaterial Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10706M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10706M.htm

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=100  1\$aFlint, AJ., $eauthor.
=245  10$aGeneral Guidelines for Conducting Tests and Evaluating Data / $cAJ. Flint.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 35 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10705M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10705M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlastics $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMaterial Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10705M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10705M.htm

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=050  \4$aTA455.P5
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=100  1\$aDriscoll, SB., $eauthor.
=245  10$aClassifications and Definitions / $cSB. Driscoll.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 35 (October 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10704M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10704M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPlastics $xTesting.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMaterial Science. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10704M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10704M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120969
=020  \\$a0803120966
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=050  \4$aTP321
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=100  1\$aWebster, GM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 19-Petroleum Waxes / $cGA. Mansoori, HL. Barnes, GM. Webster.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (32 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10734M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10734M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b43.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWAXES ARE USUALLY SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE because they contain linear paraffinic hydrocarbons with carbon chains of various lengths. Waxes can vary in consistency from easily kneadable to brittle. They exhibit relatively low viscosity at temperatures slightly above melting point. the appearnce of the waxes can vary fronm translucent to opaque, but they are not glassy. The consistency (i.e., hardness) and solubility of waxes depends on the temperature at which they are observed.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aBarnes, HL., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aMansoori, GA., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10734M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10734M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aBala, V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 16-Gear Lubricants / $cV. Bala.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (33 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10731M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10731M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b47.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aGEAR DESIGN AND THE LUBRICANTS USED FOR THEIR APPLICATION have evolved continuously over the last 200 years [1]. These improvements were largely attributed to advances in gear design, metallurgy, lubricant additives and base oil refining [1,2]. Global trends in improved end user satisfaction, fuel economy, lower down time, cheaper maintenance, and improved equipment durability have provided the necessary motivation for increased competition among Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) [1-3]. As a result of these trends, gear lubricants currently are formulated to meet exacting standards required to lubricate gear boxes and automotive drivelines. the following sections covered the basics in gear lubricants depending on thier application.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10731M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10731M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aRakow, MS., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1-Petroleum Oil Refining / $cMS. Rakow.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (28 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10716M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10716M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER PRESENTS AN OVERVIEW of the modern, integrated oil refinery, and how it separates and processes crude oil and other hydrocarbon feedstocks into the required array of liquid fuels and other products. A description of an overall, simplified refinery flow plan serves to introduce the subject and terminology unique to the industry.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10716M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10716M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP321
=082  04$a662/.6$223
=100  1\$aHamilton, B., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3-Motor Gasoline / $cB. Hamilton, RJ. Falkiner.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (28 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10718M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10718M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b67.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE SPARK IGNITION ENGINE HAS REMAINED THE POWER PLANT OF CHOICE for personal transport for almost a century, and the fuel specifically formulated for SI engines is called gasoline (U.S.) or petrol (UK). Gasoline has evolved continuously since it was first produced in quantity to meet the burgeoning demand from mass production of the automobile in the early 1900s. It was first produced from light naphtha batch distilled from crude oil and liquid condensate from natural gas production, and in the early days, had no test methods or specifications at all (see Chapter 2, Liquefied Petroleum Gas). It became a carefully formulated mixture of hydrocarbons and additives, seasonally blended to match local ambient conditions, providing good performance and efficiency for constantly changing vehicle fleet. More recently, gasoline has been formulated to reduce various emissions and minimize the impact of automoblies on urban air quality.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aFalkiner, RJ., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10718M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10718M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP321
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=100  1\$aRiZvi, SQA, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 30-Oxidation of Lubricants and Fuels / $cGJ. Cochrac, SQA RiZvi.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (38 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10745M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10745M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMODERN LUBRICANTS PRIMARILY COMPRISE PERFORMANCE ADDITIVES such as dispersants, detergents, oxidation inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, and others, blended in a base fluid (see chapter on Additives and Additive Chemistry). Many properties of the lubricant such as viscosity, viscosity index, slipperiness (reduced friction), film-strength, pour point, oxidation stability, volatility, and flammability, therefore depend on the properties of both the base fluid and the additive package. However, since the base fluid in a lubricant is present in excess of 70%, its contribution towards the listed properties predominates that of the additive package.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aCochrac, GJ., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10745M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10745M.htm

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=100  1\$aTung, SC., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 17-Automotive Lubricants / $cSE. Schwartz, SC. Tung, ML. McMillan.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (31 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10732M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10732M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b17.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMANY TYPES OF LUBRICANTS ARE USED IN A VEHICLE. Engine oil and transmission fluid, on a volume basis, provide a major portion of the lubricants in a typical car or truck, and a great number of standard tests are associated with these fluids. Greases provide a variety of highly specialized functions and are found in many locations within a vehicle (for example, in door locks, gears for seat adjustments and windshield wipers, bearings, electrical contacts, and numerous other places)
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aMcMillan, ML., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aSchwartz, SE., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10732M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10732M.htm

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=100  1\$aHunter, ME., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 31-Corrosion / $cME. Hunter, RF. Baker.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10746M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10746M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b3.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPER ASTM G 15, CORROSION IS "THE CHEMICAL OR ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION between a material, usually a metal, and its environment that produces a deterioration of the material and its properties." Corrosion is one of the causes of premature failure of a lubricated system. Fuels and lubricant will be exposed to water, one of the necessary components for electrochemical corrosion to occur. This chapter will outline the nature of ferrous and non-ferrous corrosion and the common additive approach to inhibiting corrosion and will summarize the common tests employed to evaluate the effects and prevention of corrosion.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aBaker, RF., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10746M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10746M.htm

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=100  1\$aWinkler, MF., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 6-Introduction to Marine Petroleum Fuels / $cMF. Winkler.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (24 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10721M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10721M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b18.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE MODERN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY began during the late 19th century, although small quantities of petroleum were obtained as early as the 14th century. In Pennsylvania, Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well in 1859, striking oil at a depth of 21 m. Drake's oil well was generally accepted as the start of the petroleum industry. Kerosine or lamp oil was the object of the early refining industry. Kerosine or lamp oil was the object of the early refining industry. The simple distillation process was conducted to obtain as much lamp oil as possible from the Pennsylvannia crude oil.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10721M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10721M.htm

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=100  1\$aManning, RE., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 33-Cold Flow Properties / $cRE. Manning, MR. Hoover.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10748M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10748M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE VISCOSITY OF A LIQUID CONSISTING OF ONLY ONE TYPE OF MOLECULE will increase when the liquid is cooled. If the liquid is cooled sufficiently, the viscosity will increase until the liquid solidifies (freezes). However, most petroleum products are composed of mixtures of many different types of molecules, each of which has its own freezing point. When these liquids are cooled to low temperatures, unanticipated results can occur. The diesel fuel for cars and trucks can form crystals taht will plug the fuel filter while the vehicle is being driven, causing the vehicle to stop. Heating oil can be loaded into a delivery vehicle, but at very low temperature the oil may not flow through the delivery hose to the business or home receiving the oil. Automotive engine products in conventional quart, liter, or gallon, containers may, when left outside the filling station in the winter, solidify so they will not pour out of the container. Some petroleum products will form a gel structure at a certain low temperatur. However, the same material, when cooled rapidly from a warm water to a still lower temperature and through a critical temperature range, will flow in a normal manner.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aHoover, MR., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10748M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10748M.htm

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=020  \\$a0803120966
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=050  \4$aTP321
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=100  1\$aWebster, GM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 14-Compressor Lubricants / $cD. Garg, GE. Totten, GM. Webster.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (30 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10729M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10729M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b39.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCOMPRESSORS ARE VITALLY IMPORTANT IN MANY INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES. For example, compressors are used in nearly every industry including steel, automotive, petroleum, mining, food, gas production, and storage and energy conversion [1]. The purpose of the compressor lubricant is to reduce friction and wear of the working parts of a compressor such as bearings, gears, and pistons; reduce internal leakage; and if the oil is compressed in the compression zone, to provide heat transfer to reduce the temperature of the gas being compressed [2]. In addition, a properly formulated compressor should provide corrosion protection and be sufficiently stable to minimize the potential for deposit formation on hot surfaces within the system. [3].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aGarg, D., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aTotten, GE., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10729M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10729M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=100  1\$aSchmidt, FE., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 37-Lubricant Friction and Wear Testing / $cM. Anderson, FE. Schmidt.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (26 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10752M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10752M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b38.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER PROVIDES VARIOUS METHODS TO EVALUATE THE FRICTION AND WEAR PROPERTIES of lubricants and materials. If friction and wear can be controlled then the engineer can select materials and lubricants with a high degree of confidence. Many laboratory tests are used to evaluate the interaction of materials under a broad range of test conditions and controlled environments.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aAnderson, M., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10752M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10752M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aStrauss, KH., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 4-Aviation Fuels / $cKH. Strauss.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (26 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10719M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10719M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b42.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEARLY AIRCRAFT ENGINES WERE OPERATED on ordinary straight run motor gasoline well into the 1920s . Research then isolated uncontrolled combustion as a major source of engine overheating and failures, prompting a search for ways to cure the problem. The big step came in 1921 with the invention of tetraethyl lead (TEL), an unequaled knock resistance enhancer. The same period saw the development of the heptane-isooctane scale still in use today for rating antiknock properties in terms iof ocatne numbers. For aviation gasoline, the concept of rating knock resistance in special single cylinder engines resulted in the Aviation Octane Test Method (D 614), which tested fuels under lean fuel mixture conditions simulating cruise operation. (In 1970 this method was replaced in the specification by the Motor Octane Method, D 2700.) An aviation gasoline specification, issued by the U.S. Air Corps in 1938, listed a 68 octane grade containing no lead and a 92 octane grade with a maximum of 6 ml TEL/gallon. As engine power output was increased by supercharging the fuel air/mixture, a second rating method, D 909, came into use to evaluate performance under rich take-off conditions, so that by World War II both rating methods were required. Engine designers soon discovered the performance benefits of high octane, which permitted a higher octane fuel so develop more power in a given engine or allowed a reduction in engine size with the same power output. Research on high octane fuel thus received a high priority and resulted in a 100 octane fuel by the beginning of World War II. while the heroic performance of the RAF is widely recognized, it would have been impossible without the 100 octane fuel.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10719M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10719M.htm

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=100  1\$aFitch, JC., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 24-Hydrocarbon Analysis / $cJC. Fitch, M. Barnes.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (26 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10739M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10739M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b45.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE AIM OF THIS CHAPTER IS TO BRIEFLY PRESENT SIX ANALYTICAL METHODS for characterizing hydrocarbon compounds found in fuels and lubricants. The methods presented are NMR spectrometry, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy. The analysis of hydrocarbons deploying these methods is well-founded in scientific laboratories and is the basis of numerous ASTM standards.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aBarnes, M., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10739M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10739M.htm

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=100  1\$aNadkarni, RK., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 26-Elemental Analysis / $cRK. Nadkarni.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10741M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10741M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b32.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA MAJORITY OF ELEMENTS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE ARE PRESENT IN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ranging in concentration from percent levels of C-H-O-S to parts per billion levels of trace elements. The metals in crude oils originate from marine animals and plants. Additives and lubricating oils have metals purposely added to them to affect their performance in internal combustion engines.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10741M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10741M.htm

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=100  1\$aTotten, GE., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 8-Hydrocarbons for Chemical and Specialty Uses / $cDW. Brunett, GE. Totten, PM. Mattlockt.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10723M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10723M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b34.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aETHYLENE (C2), PROPYLENE (C3), AND THE C4 PRODUCTS (butene 1, butene-2, isobutylene and 1,3-butadiene) are monomers of enormous industrial importance. Among the numerous uses of ethylene are the synthesis of ethylene glycol, which is used for antifreeze formulation, and the production of polyethylene terephthalate. Ethylene is also used for polyethylene manufacture and as a co-monomer in the production of various synthetic rubbers.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aBrunett, DW., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aMattlockt, PM., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10723M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10723M.htm

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=100  1\$aWedeven, LD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 36-Bench Test Modeling / $cLD. Wedeven.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (53 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10751M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10751M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b11.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS IS ONE IN A SERIES OF THREE CHAPTERS DEALING WITH Lubrication and Wear (Chapter 35), Bench Test Modeling (Chapter 36), and Wear and Lubricant Testing (Chapter 37). In this chapter, the lubrication and wear mechanisms discussed in Chapter 35 are used to extend the selection and application of the tribology tests discussed in Chapter 37.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10751M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10751M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=100  1\$aRemmelmann, A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 11-Environmentally Friendly Oils / $cH. Murrenhoff, A. Remmelmann.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (29 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10726M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10726M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b46.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIn a variety of technical systems, hydraulic drives are the preferred alternative because of their versatility and efficiency. To perform the drive functions over the life of the system, the hydraulic fluid must be considered as a system component during the design stage. Due to a societal increase in environmental conciousness in the late 1980s, regulatory agencies began demanding that these fluids be rapidly biodegradable and nontoxic. This excluded mineral oil from consideration. Currently vegetable oils, some synthetic esters, and polyglycols are being used for these applications [1-10].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aMurrenhoff, H., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10726M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10726M.htm

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=100  1\$aMontemayor, RG., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 25-Volatility / $cRG. Montemayor.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (32 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10740M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10740M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b56.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aVOLATILITY, IN ITS SIMPLEST DEFINITION, IS THE TENDENCY OF A LIQUID TO CHANGE INTO VAPOR. For fuels, lubricants, and other petroleum products, this tendency is measured in a variety of ways. Volatility parameters are related to the performance characteristics and/or safety of these materials. Among the various ways of determining the volatility properties of materials are: distillation, rate of evaporation measurement, flash point test, and vapor pressure determination. Distillation determines the temperatures required to evaporate known portions of the material, as well as the temperatures at which distillation begins and ends. Distillation also determines the temperature the boiling range of the materials. A volatility property particularly important in solvents and coating materilas is the rate of evaporation. The flash point of a liquid is the lowest temperature, corrected for barrometric pressures, at which application of an ignition source causes the vapor above the specimen to ignite. Vapor pressure is the force per unit area exerted on the walls of a closed container by the vaporized portion portion of the liquid material in the container.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10740M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10740M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aWebster, GM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 21-Mineral Oil Heat Transfer Fluids / $cJ. Fuhr, J. Oetinger, GE. Totten, GM. Webster.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10736M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10736M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b27.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aBECAUSE OF COST AND POTENTIAL FOULING PROBLEMS, indirect process heating designs are usually preferred over direct, fuel-fired heating or individual electrically heated units [2]. For indirect process heating, heat transfer is usually accomplished by steam or by using a heat transfer fluid (HTF). Examples of HTFs include: petroleum based mineral oils, glycols, silicones and various synthetic fluids such as alkyleated aromatics, terphenyls, and mixtures of bi and diphenyls and their oxides. selected physical properties for a number of illstrative types of heat transfer fluids are provied in Table 1. These data show that there are notable differences in the physical properties of different classes of differences fluids within a class.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aFuhr, J., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aOetinger, J., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aTotten, GE., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10736M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10736M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803120969
=020  \\$a0803120966
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10738M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP321
=082  04$a662/.6$223
=100  1\$aOppenheim, L., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 23-Static Petroleum Measurement / $cL. Oppenheim.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10738M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10738M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aSTATIC PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT CAN BE BEST SUMMED UP as the procedures and methods used to determine the quantity of liquid in a storage tank, marine vessel, road transport vehicle, or a rail tank car. In determining the quantity of the liquid in the container, there may be other things in the container that detract from determining the quantity of useable petroleum or petroleum products. They do take up space in the container and therefore must be dealt with as part of any measurement procedure. These sac include water, sediment, sludge, rust scale, and sand just to name as a few. As used here, petroleum products refers to crude oil, therefore the continuous reference to petroleum products. Petroleum products as used here are the liquid stocks (e.g., naphtha, kerosene, fuel oils) derived from the refinery processes from crude oil. It is important to know the total of the liquids and solids in the tank to prevent a tank from overflowing during a receipt. However, the more exacting science of static petroleum measurement is concerned with determining an accurate measure of the quantity of petroleum and petroleum products used in the purchase, sale, or inventory control of the commodit. This section on static petroleum measurement will deal primary with manual gauging techniques and the related sampling and quality tests needed to obtain accurate petroleum and petroleum product quantity measurements. Automatic tank gauging, not discussed in this chapter, relies on the manual gauging, not discussed in this chapter, relies on the manual gauging methods for calibration purposes. Newer techniques for leak detection combine a form of static petroleum measurement with inventory control to assure that tanks and lines storing and moving the products are tight. Leak detection procedures primarily combine automatic gauging methods with computer programming. This chapter is designed to explain how to accurately measure the petroleum and petroleum products, why certain procedures are necessary, sampling and testing processes, and the basics of converting these measures into quantity measurements used in the industry.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10738M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10738M.htm

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=245  10$aChapter 20-Lubricating Greases / $cTM. Verdura, G. Brunette, R. Shah.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10735M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10735M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b9.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE ESSENTIAL FUNCTION OF ANY LUBRICANT is to prolong the life and increase the efficiency of mechanical devices by reducing friction and wear. Secondary functions include heat dissipation, corrosion protection, power transmission, and contaminant removal. Generally, fluid lubricants are difficult to retain at the point of application and must be replenished frequently. If, however, a fluid lubricant is thicknened, its retention is improved, and lubrications intervals can be extended. A lubricating grease is simply a lubricating fluid which has been gelled with thickening agent so that the lubricant can be retained more readily in the required area. This is not to say that the thickener does not play a part in the lubrication. Depending on the type of thickener being used and the lubricating regime, some thickeners will contribute in the lubrication.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=700  1\$aBrunette, G., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aShah, R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10735M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10735M.htm

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=100  1\$aGoodger, EM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 28-Engineering Sciences of Aerospace Fuels / $cEM. Goodger.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (28 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10743M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10743M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b19.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS, PROPULSION SETS THE MOST STRINGENT requirements in terms of the levels of energy to be provided for the purpose, subject to the constraints of mass and volume available for carriage of the fuel within the vehicle. In this study, the following definitions are employed, with the maximum levels of net specific energy shown in parentheses:.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10743M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10743M.htm

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=100  1\$aRyan, TW., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 27-Diesel Fuel Combustion Characteristics / $cTW. Ryan.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (12 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10742M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10742M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b48.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHISTORICALLY, FUELS HAVE BEEN MADE TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS of specific engine types. This tailoring of the fuels has been accomplished in an iterative process, in which problems are uncovered in the field and efforts are made to resolve the problems through a process of specification and qualification. An example of this proces is the development of the currently used cetane number (CN). Cetane number is the measured parameter defined to provide a rating of the ignition quality of fuels for diesel engines. As refinery processes became more complex and focused on the production of gasoline in the 1920s, and as the diesel engine gained acceptance, the quantities of high quality, straight run diesel fuel became limited. The fuels that were available in that time period demonstrated problems with cold starting and low temperature white smoke.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10742M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10742M.htm

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=100  1\$aRizvi, SQA, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 18-Metalworking and Machining Fluids / $cSQA Rizvi.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (28 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10733M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10733M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b25.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMETALWORKING IS THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING BULK METAL into a component or a part and primarily involves two types of operations: those that produce metal debris and those that produce no debris. The former type is classified as metal removal operations and the latter type is classified as metal forming operations. Cutting and grinding are examples of the first type and drawing, stamping, and bending are examples of the second type. All metalworking operations involve bringing two solids, a tool and a work piece, together to create a new part or a shape. The process involves high friction, high temperature, and tool wear; and it is a job of the lubricant, or the metalworking fluid, to control them. Metalworking fluids accomplish this by providing coolinf, lubrication, and protection against corrosion. Therefore, they improve the efficiency of the operation, and hence increase productivity.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10733M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10733M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=100  1\$aLau, ATC, $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 38-Statistical Quality Assurance of Measurement Processes for Petroleum and Petroleum Products / $cATC Lau.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2003.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (18 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2003, Issue 37 (June 2003)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10753M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10753M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b7.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN A QUALITY CONSCIOUS AND COST COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT, proficiency and statistical control of measurement processes used for product certification are expected between suppliers and customers. Statistical control occurs when the measurement process is operated with stable and quantifiable accuracy and precision. Likewise, proficiency occurs when the measurement process accuracy and precision performance metrics are reasonable when compared to similar processes taht are operated with an industry-agreed upon standard protocol. ASTM test methods are example of such standardized protocols.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2003. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aFuel $xTesting $xMethodology.
=650  \0$aFuel $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aLubrication and lubricants $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10753M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10753M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 7 : Delivering Your Message.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 54 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10518M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10518M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis chapter is about delivering your product, your presentation. Hopefully, by now I have given you the tools and methodology to prepare a presentation; now, how do you deliver it? I have mentioned a number of facility problems that can arise in giving a presentation, but I have not discussed how to deal with the vagaries of meeting rooms and places where you may have to give your presentation. Occurrences, such as no projection screen for your slide talk, can stress a well-prepared talk.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommunication of technical information.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical Writing. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPublic speaking.
=650  \0$aInformation technique.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10518M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10518M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 3 : Researching Your Subject.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 54 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10514M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10514M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe problem addressed in this chapter is determining your message. Almost all technical presentations start with a request from a supervisor, customer, or peer, inside or outside organization, or as a response to an advertised call for papers. The title follows next. Then you need to access resources to arrive at the data and supporting information for your message. It is the purpose of this chapter to suggest some research techniques and to discuss which information needs to be included in an oral presentation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommunication of technical information.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical Writing. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPublic speaking.
=650  \0$aInformation technique.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10514M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10514M.htm

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=037  \\$aMNL10512M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT10.5
=082  04$a808/.0666$223
=245  00$aChapter 1 : Message Strategy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 54 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10512M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10512M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThere are many situations that lead to an oral presentation, but once you commit to making a presentation, the first step that you need to take is to develop your presentation strategy. The presentation situation sometimes can serve as the foundation of your presentation strategy. For example, if you were asked by your supervisor to give a talk to the department on the proper use of material safety data sheets, you immediately know the objective (proper use of these sheets by department members), and you know the audience. All talks start with the five Ws: what, who, why, where, when. The what is safety data sheets; the who is the department; the why is because the boss asked you; and the where and when can be arranged.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommunication of technical information.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical Writing. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPublic speaking.
=650  \0$aInformation technique.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10512M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10512M.htm

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=008  170503c2005||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT10.5
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=245  00$aChapter 5 : Intellectual Property Considerations.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 54 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10516M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10516M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe term intellectual property came into common use in U.S. industry in the 1990s. It probably was invented by a business consultant, and thus it is not defined in most dictionaries. What it encompasses in U.S. industry are the technologies, processes, patents, products, secrets, and personnel that provide a competitive edge to your company. It is what gives you differentiation in the market. Significant intellectual property is usually necessary for business success. The problem addressed in this chapter is that a technical presentation, even within a company, can have a negative effect on your organizations intellectual property. Secondly, presentations can violate the intellectual property of others, and this can produce liability. I will discuss intellectual property and copyrights as they apply to oral presentations with the objective of giving a speaker sufficient information to deal with intellectual property, such that it can help rather than hurt your company's intellectual property.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommunication of technical information.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical Writing. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPublic speaking.
=650  \0$aInformation technique.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10516M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10516M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 2 : Audience Accommodation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10513M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10513M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAll written documents should be directed to a particular readership. This requirement is even more important in oral presentations; an audience is assembled to hear a talk that was advertised to address a specific subject. They usually assemble in a defined space, usually a room. They are captive. You must accommodate them by delivering facts and information on the advertised subject. Formal talks will have a specific title like: Abrasion Resistance Testing with Abrasive Finishing Tape.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommunication of technical information.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical Writing. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPublic speaking.
=650  \0$aInformation technique.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10513M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10513M.htm

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=245  00$aChapter 4 : Preparing an Oral Presentation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 54 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10515M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10515M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHopefully I have made the case for a time budget for a presentation successfully; now I will address what goes into your time budget. How do you prepare what you will say in the introduction, the body, and all elements of your talk? Do you write every word that you are going to say in a talk? Do you prepare flash cards to keep you on track in your presentation? Sometimes, yes; sometimes, no. It is the purpose of this chapter to discuss a variety of speaking situations and how to prepare a talk for them. My objective is to have you, the speaker, adopt a system of preparing talks that works for you. The secrets to an effective presentation are sincerity, truth, and confidence. You must believe in your message, it must contain information that you believe to be correct, and you must have the confidence that you will deliver that message to your audience in a forceful manner. A well-prepared talk will supply the confidence component. This chapter will cover preparing an outline for a talk, writing a talk, and preparing delivery aids.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommunication of technical information.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical Writing. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPublic speaking.
=650  \0$aInformation technique.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10515M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10515M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145610 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803133709
=020  \\$a0803133707
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10517M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aT10.5
=082  04$a808/.0666$223
=245  00$aChapter 6 : Selecting and Preparing Visual Aids.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 54 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10517M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10517M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aVisual aids that do not work are without a doubt the biggest problem with technical presentations. Audience feedback is not what it should be in most presentation situations, and most of the time the speakers do not realize that most of the audience could not see his or her graphs or read the data tables. Most times, people put too much on a visual aid; sometimes there are just too many. Sometimes they are unnecessary; sometimes they are just sloppy. Most oral presentations are not edited, and the audience becomes the testing ground for visual aids. When they do not add value to a presentation, they usually produce a negative audience effect.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aCommunication of technical information.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xTechnical Writing. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPublic speaking.
=650  \0$aInformation technique.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10517M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10517M.htm

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=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145368 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120808
=020  \\$a080312080X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10930M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10930M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP1180.P65
=082  04$a668.4/23$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Trace Ethylene Glycol in Used Engine Oil.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10930M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10930M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPolyethylene.
=650  \0$aEthylene.
=650  \0$aPolymers.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10930M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10930M.htm

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=006  m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
=007  cr\\\\\\\\\\\\
=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145368 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120808
=020  \\$a080312080X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10921M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10921M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
=040  \\$aASTM$cSCOPE$beng$erda
=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD79.C45
=082  04$a543/.85$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Analysis of p-Xylene by Gas Chromatography.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10921M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10921M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xAnalytic. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aGas chromatography.
=650  \0$aChromatographic analysis.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xAnalytic. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10921M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10921M.htm

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=008  170503c1998||||pau|||||s|||||||||||eng||
=020  \\$a9780803145368 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120808
=020  \\$a080312080X
=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10976M$2doi
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=037  \\$aMNL10976M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD79.C45
=082  04$a543/.0873$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10976M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10976M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xAnalytic. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aGas chromatography.
=650  \0$aMass spectrometry.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xAnalytic. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10976M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10976M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145368 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120808
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=024  7\$a10.1520/MNL10899M$2doi
=030  \\$aASTMML
=037  \\$aMNL10899M$bASTM
=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.S1
=082  04$a665.8/4$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp).
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10899M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10899M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=050  \4$aQC915
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Water Vapor Content of Gaseous Fuels Using Electronic Moisture Analyzers.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aEthylene.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Aromatic Types Analysis of Gas-Oil Aromatic Fractions by High Ionizing Voltage Mass Spectrometry.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (13 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQP551
=082  04$a572/.636$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Aromatic Carbon Contents of Hydrocarbon Oils by High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10970M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10970M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xLife Sciences $xBiochemistry. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aProteins $xAnalysis $xLaboratory manuals.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xLife Sciences $xBiochemistry. $2bisasch.
=650  \0$aNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
=650  \0$aProteins $xAnalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10970M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10970M.htm

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=050  \4$aTN23
=082  04$a665.5385$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Analysis of Petroleum Waxes by Gas Chromatography.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10975M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum.
=650  \0$aParaffin wax.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10975M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10975M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aPS3555.V2126
=082  04$a813/.54$223
=100  1\$aHemighaus, G., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 3 Analysis of Kerosine, Diesel, and Aviation Turbine Fuel / $cG. Hemighaus.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10824M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10824M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b13.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aKEROSINE, DIESEL, AND AVIATION turbine fuel (jet fuel) are members of the class of petroleum products known as middle distillates. As the name implies, these products are heavier than gasoline but lighter than gas oils. Middle distillates cover the boiling range from approximately 175C to 375C (350F to 700F) and the carbon number range from about C8 to C24.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDiesel (Fictional character) $xFiction.
=650  \0$aWitches $xFiction.
=650  \0$aBakers $xFiction.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10824M.
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=050  \4$aHD9560.4
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method).
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aBUSINESS & ECONOMICS $xIndustries $vGeneral. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xPrices $xHistory.
=650  \0$aPetroleum industry and trade $xHistory.
=650  \7$aBUSINESS & ECONOMICS $xIndustries $vGeneral. $2bisasch.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10962M.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Waste Materials by Gas Chromatography.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11002M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11002M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPolychlorinated biphenyls $xEnvironmental aspects.
=650  \0$aWater $xPollution.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11002M.
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP670
=082  04$a665$223
=100  1\$aBarker, AD., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 5 Analysis of Waxes / $cAD. Barker.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10826M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10826M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b8.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPETROLEUM WAXES are the solid hydrocarbon residues remaining at the end of the refining process either in the lube stream (as mainly paraffin and intermediate waxes) or in the residual lube stock tank bottoms (as higher melting microcrystalline waxes). The waxy oil is fractionated to produce an oily wax, called slackwax. This is separated by solvent extraction and fractionated into different melting point ranges to give waxes with a variety of physical characteristics. Paraffin waxes consist mainly of straight chain alkanes (also called normal alkanes), with small amounts (3 to15%) of branched chain alkanes (or iso-alkanes), cycloalkanes, and aromatics. Microcrystalline waxes contain high levels of branched chain alkanes (up to 50%) and cycloalkanes, particularly in the upper end of the molecular weight distribution. Paraffin waxes contain alkanes up to approximately 600 molecular weight, whereas microcrystalline waxes can contain alkanes up to 1100 molecular weight.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aWaxes $xDatabases.
=650  \0$aWaxes $xStatistics.
=650  \0$aWaxes $xComposition.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10826M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10826M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP318
=082  04$a662.6/2$223
=245  00$aStandard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10993M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10993M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aFossil fuels $xEnvironmental aspects $zUnited States $xEvaluation.
=650  \0$aFossil energy.
=650  \0$aFossil fuels.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xChemical & Biochemical. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10993M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10993M.htm

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=050  \4$aTA463
=082  04$a669.95$223
=245  00$aStandard Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10932M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10932M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aLiquid metals.
=650  \0$aSteel $xNitrogen content.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMetallurgy. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10932M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10932M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145368 (e-ISBN)
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aHD9581.U5
=082  04$a665.7/4/0687$223
=245  00$aStandard Practice for Natural Gas Sample-Handling and Conditioning Systems for Pipeline Instrumentation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10980M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10980M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b6.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aNatural gas $xPurchasing $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aGas industry $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aPrivatization $zUnited States.
=650  \0$aRisk management.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10980M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10980M.htm

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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Analysis of Demethanized Hydrocarbon Liquid Mixtures Containing Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide by Gas Chromatography.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10894M".
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \0$aNitrogen cycle.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xAgriculture $vGeneral. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aNitrogen fertilizers.
=650  \0$aNitrogen fertilizers $xEnvironmental aspects.
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=082  04$a551.0285$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Pour Point of Crude Oils.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus).
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Solvent Extractables in Petroleum Waxes.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by Centrifuge Method (Field Procedure).
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=050  \4$aQD271 .S885 1969
=082  04$a574.192$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame lonization Detection.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aGas chromatography $xCongresses.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption.
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=082  04$a621.402/3$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10944M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aCetane number $xStandards.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Benzene in Hydrocarbon Solvents by Gas Chromatography.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Chemiluminescence.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10873M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10873M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xAnalysis.
=650  \0$aGas chromatography.
=650  \0$aSpectrophotometry.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=100  1\$aJohansen, NG., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 1 Analysis of C5 and Lighter Hydrocarbons / $cNG. Johansen.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10822M".
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=520  3\$aTHE LIGHT HYDROCARBONS-methane (C1), ethane (C2), propane (C3), and the butanes (C4), either in the gas phase or liquefied, are primarily used for heating, motor fuels, and as feedstocks for chemical processing. The pentanes/pentenes (C5) are products of natural gas or petroleum fractionation or refinery operations (i.e., reforming and cracking) that are removed for use as chemical feedstocks. The olefins-ethene (ethylene), propene (propylene), butenes (butene-1, isobutylene, cis- and trans-butene-2, and the butadienes), pentenes, and pentadienes are materials produced by various refining processes involving the use of the saturated hydrocarbons as feedstocks.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \0$aHydrocarbons $zMexico $xEconomic policy.
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=650  \0$aHydrocarbons $xGovernment policy $zMexico.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Analysis of High Purity Benzene for Cyclohexane Feedstock by Capillary Gas Chromatography.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aCapillary gas chromatography.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels (JFTOT Procedure).
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aPolymers $xDeterioration.
=650  \0$aOxidation.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Methods for Determination of Total Oxygen in Gasoline and Methanol Fuels by Reductive Pyrolysis.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10984M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \0$aAlcohol as fuel.
=650  \0$aGas producers.
=650  \0$aMethanol as fuel.
=650  \0$aSynthetic fuels.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=050  \4$aQD79.C45
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Traces in Propylene Concentrates By Gas Chromatography.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10898M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10898M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aGas chromatography.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xAnalytic. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aChromatographic analysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Analysis of Isopropylbenzene (Cumene) by Gas Chromatography.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xAnalytic. $2bisasch.
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=050  \4$aQD54.C4
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure).
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10924M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xIndustrial & Technical. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aCentrifuges.
=650  \0$aCentrifugation.
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=050  \4$aQD96.A8
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc In Unused Lubricating Oils By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10941M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xSpectroscopy & Spectrum Analysis. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aAtomic absorption spectrometry.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xSpectroscopy & Spectrum Analysis. $2bisasch.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Methods for Analysis of Cyclohexane by Gas Chromatography.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \0$aOxidation.
=650  \0$aCyclohexane.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=100  1\$aWarne, TM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 4 Analysis of Viscous Oils / $cTM. Warne.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
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=520  3\$aVISCOUS OILS are those petroleum fractions and derived products that have higher boiling points than distillate fuels and are liquid at, or slightly above, room temperature. They contain 20 to 50+ carbon atoms and distill at temperatures above 260C (500F). Examples include refinery streams such as gas oils and residuum, heavier fractions obtained from refining processes such as catalytic cracking, reforming, polymerization, solvent extraction, and hydro- and thermal cracking. Viscous oils include finished products such as lubricants, process oils, and insulating oils. Asphalt and coke are discussed only incidentally.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \0$aPolymerization.
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=650  \0$aRadicals (Chemistry)
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \0$aX-ray spectroscopy.
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=245  00$aStandard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aFiscal policy.
=650  \0$aPetroleum industry and trade.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xPrices.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTaxation.
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=050  \4$aQP551
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=245  00$aStandard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10945M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10945M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMagnetische relaxatie.
=650  \0$aDynamica.
=650  \0$aMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy $xmethods.
=650  \0$aProteins $xanalysis.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10945M.htm

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=050  \4$aQP519.9.F56
=082  04$a543/.56$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Methods for Elemental Analysis of Lubricant and Additive Components- Barium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Zinc by Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10950M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10950M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xSpectroscopy & Spectrum Analysis. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aSpectrometry, Fluorescence.
=650  \0$aBiochemistry.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xSpectroscopy & Spectrum Analysis. $2bisasch.
=650  \0$aFluorescence spectroscopy.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10950M.
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTP339
=082  04$a662/.88$223
=245  00$aStandard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Gaseous Fuels.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (5 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10968M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBiomass energy.
=650  \0$aBiodiesel fuels.
=650  \0$aAlcohol as fuel.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Bromine Index of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Electrometric Titration.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10990M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10990M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xOrganic. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xChemistry $xOrganic. $2bisasch.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10988M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xPrices.
=650  \0$aPetroleum industry and trade.
=650  \0$aPetroleum reserves $xPolitical aspects.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=650  \0$aHydrocarbon reservoirs $xFluid dynamics.
=650  \0$aViscosity.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Motor Fuels and Oils by Ultraviolet Fluorescence.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity).
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10974M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aAbsorption spectra.
=650  \0$aSpectrum analysis.
=650  \0$aColorimetry.
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Benzene Content of Cyclic Products by Gas Chromatography.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aMass spectrometry.
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=050  \4$aHD9560.5
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10931M".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTaxation.
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=245  10$aChapter 7 Analysis of Aromatic Hydrocarbons / $cCH. Pfeiffer.
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=520  3\$aTHE HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL analyses of aromatic hydrocarbons began in the 1920s when the production of benzene from coke by-products became commercially viable. By the 1930s, the rapid growth in demand for benzene as well as the commercial production of heavier aromatics led to the formulation of a considerable number of empirical analytical procedures. At this time, ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic Hydrocarbons was formed. In the more than 50 years that this group has been active, the changes in analytical techniques have progressed hand-in-hand with the advancements in process technology and the expansion in the demand for high-purity aromatic products.
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=050  \4$aTP691
=082  04$a665.5/38$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (8 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10846M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10846M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum $xTesting.
=650  \7$aPOLITICAL SCIENCE $xPolitical Ideologies $xCommunism & Socialism. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xTesting.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10846M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10846M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP691.M358
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (6 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10905M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10905M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPetroleum Products.
=650  \0$aHydrocarbons.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10905M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10905M.htm

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=050  \4$aRA1242.B78 B89 2001
=082  04$a363$223
=245  00$aStandard Guide for Analysis of 1,3-Butadiene Product.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10967M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10967M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aButadiene $xDose-response relationship.
=650  \0$aButadiene $xEnvironmental aspects.
=650  \0$aButadiene $xToxicology.
=650  \0$aButadienes $xadverse effects.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=050  \4$aTD192.5
=082  04$a665.5389$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method).
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10839M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10839M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBioremediation.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xEnvironmental aspects.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10839M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10839M.htm

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=050  \4$aTP692.2
=082  04$a665.5/385$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Drop Melting Point of Petroleum Wax Including Petrolatum.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10836M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10836M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPetroleum. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products.
=650  \0$aLubricating oils.
=650  \0$aParaffin wax.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPetroleum. $2bisasch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10836M.
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=050  \4$aTD885.5.O85
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=100  1\$aMcCann, JM., $eauthor.
=245  10$aChapter 2 Analysis of Gasoline and Other Light Distillate Fuels / $cJM. McCann.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10823M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10823M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b20.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE CHALLENGE TO DEVELOP more accurate and precise test methods for the analysis of gasoline or automotive sparkignition engine fuel has been tremendously influenced by federal and state regulations covering the production of reformulated gasolines (RFG) with tight limits on many parameters. Examples of these new fuels include U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) RFG and California Air Resources Board (CARB) Phase 2 Gasoline. The regulated RFG test parameters include vapor pressure, distillation, benzene content, total aromatics, total olefins, individual oxygenates, oxygen content, and total sulfur. Regulatory requirements have enhanced the need for better test methods to control manufacturing and the distribution of gasolines. The addition of alcohol and ether as important blending components to gasoline to meet air quality standards has necessitated modifying some existing test methods and the development of new procedures. The desire to reduce manufacturing costs, coupled with the regulatory requirements, have enhanced the application of more cost effective test methods including rapid screening procedures and wider use of online analyzers. In this chapter, a brief history of ASTM method development for hydrocarbon analysis of gasoline is given. The focus, however, will be on some of the test parameters required for today's reformulated gasolines including many of the new test methodologies.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aReformulated gasoline $xEnvironmental aspects.
=650  \7$aSCIENCE $xGlobal Warming & Climate Change. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aOzone.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10823M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10823M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aUG447
=082  04$a623.4/59/072073$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Chemical Composition of Gases By Mass Spectrometry.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
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=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10896M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10896M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aBioremediation $xResearch.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xMilitary Science. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aChemical weapons $xResearch.
=650  \0$aMass spectrometry $xResearch.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10896M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10896M.htm

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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD305.E7
=082  04$a547$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Determination of Peroxides in Butadiene.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10991M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10991M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aPeroxides.
=650  \0$aHydroperoxyden.
=650  \0$aThermochemie.
=650  \0$aSynthese (chemie)
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10991M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10991M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145368 (e-ISBN)
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=037  \\$bASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aQD181.S1
=082  04$a665.8/4$223
=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Gas by Oxidative Microcoulometry.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1998.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 1998, Issue 3 (June 1998)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10912M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10912M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSulfur dioxide.
=650  \7$aTECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING $xPower Resources $vGeneral. $2bisacsh.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10912M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10912M.htm

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=020  \\$a9780803145368 (e-ISBN)
=020  \\$a9780803120808
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=245  00$aStandard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aAmmonium nitrate fuel oil.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aOrganic compounds $xStructure.
=650  \0$aNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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=245  10$aChapter 6 Analysis of Crude Oils / $cAJ. Lubeck.
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=520  3\$aCRUDE OILS are a highly complex combination of hydrocarbons; heterocyclic compounds of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; organometallic compounds; inorganic sediment; and water. Approximately 600 different hydrocarbons have been identified in crude oil, and it is likely that thousands of compounds occur, many of which probably will never be identified. In a study sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute (API), nearly 300 individual hydrocarbons were identified in Ponca City, Oklahoma crude oil. Some 200 individual sulfur compounds were identified in a 20-year systematic study of four crude oils. Not only is the composition of crude oil highly complex, it is also highly variable from field-to-field, and even within a given field it is likely to exhibit inhomogeneity. Physical and chemical characterization of this complex mixture is further complicated for the analyst by the fact that crude oils are not pure solutions, but commonly include colloidally suspended components, dispersed solids, and emulsified water.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aPetroleum.
=650  \0$aOil industries.
=650  \0$aPetroleum products $xAccidents.
=650  \0$aOil spills $xEnvironmental aspects.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aGas chromatography.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=650  \0$aSilicone rubber.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11001M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11001M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1998. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aMedical supplies $xSterilization.
=650  \7$aMEDICAL $xInfectious Diseases. $2bisacsh.
=650  \0$aEthylene oxide.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
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=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11001M.
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=245  00$aSafety and Occupational Footwear Design and Style Characteristics, Fit and Sizing.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
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=245  00$aSpecifications and Test Methods for Safety Toe Protective Footwear.
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=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
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=245  00$aSoling Materials.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 71 (April 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL712013000603
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL712013000603".
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
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=245  00$aSlip Resistance.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2014, Issue 71 (April 2014)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL712013000805
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL712013000805".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b49.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2014. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
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=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aSafety shoes.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL712013000805.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL712013000805.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA350
=082  04$a620.1/04$223
=100  1\$aSmith, G. V., $eauthor.
=245  10$aEvaluations of the Elevated Temperature Tensilde and Creep-Rupture Properties of C-Mo, Mn-Mo and Mn-Mo-Ni Steels / $cG. V. Smith.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c1971.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (94 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 1971, Issue DS47 (November 1971)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11841D
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11841D".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b22.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThis report evaluates the elevated temperature strength properties of carbon-moly steel, and various modified versions of that steel commonly identified as manganese-molybdenum or manganese-molybdenum-nickel steels. The data that have been evaluated encompass test results previously included in ASTM Data Series DS 6 (1953) and DS6-S1 (1966), and previously unpublished test results gathered by The Metal Properties Council.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d1971. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aElongation.
=650  \0$aCreep strength.
=650  \0$aYield strength.
=650  \0$aData evaluation.
=650  \0$aRupture strength.
=650  \0$aTensile strength.
=650  \0$aReduction of area.
=650  \0$aElevated temperature.
=650  \0$aMechanical properties.
=650  \0$aTime-temperature parameter.
=650  \0$aCarbon moly and manganese moly steels.
=653  10$aelevated temperature.
=653  20$atensile strength.
=653  20$ayield strength.
=653  20$acreep strength.
=653  20$arupture strength.
=653  20$aelongation.
=653  20$areduction of area.
=653  20$acarbon moly and manganese moly steels.
=653  20$atime-temperature parameter.
=653  20$adata evaluation.
=653  20$amechanical properties.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11841D.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11841D.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTH9031
=082  04$a693.8/93$223
=100  1\$aFicken, Bruce W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aLegal Considerations and Dispute Resolution : $bThe Water-Related Construction Defect / $cBruce W. Ficken.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (15 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11566M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11566M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b49.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aWATER CAUSES MORE CONSTRUCTION FAILURES than any other agent. Whether from leaks, air, floods, failed plumbing, or fire hoses, water very often is the culprit where, for example, mold and mildew occurs, adhesive fails, insulation fails to maintain its ability to insulate, or concrete begins to spall and crack. Exactly how water affects buildings and materials is explained elsewhere in this book. The subject of this chapter is the legal rules applicable to resolving construction-related failures, with particular emphasis on those caused by water. The chapter concludes with a detailed case study analysis of a several-week arbitration arising out of a 16-story hotel riddled with mold and mildew.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11566M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11566M.htm

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=100  1\$aShirtliffe, Cliff J., $eauthor.
=245  12$aA Conceptual System of Moisture Performance Analysis / $cMark T. Bomberg, Cliff J. Shirtliffe.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11567M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11567M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b37.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN A MANUAL SUCH AS THIS ONE, INDIVIDUAL ASpects of moisture control are discussed in separate, discipline-oriented chapters, even though such a treatment of the subject matter does not allow the integration of these various aspects into a comprehensive strategy of moisture control. Yet, there is a need for consolidating the multitude of findings of the research and field studies in the rapidly developing science of environmental control in buildings. This chapter attempts to fill this need by introducing a conceptual system of moisture performance analysis. The following chapter, added in the second edition of this manual, will continue the topic even further, leading the reader towards the development of methods for assessment of moisture-originated damage. Performance of whole buildings as it depends on building components, e.g., external envelope, mechanical and electrical systems, and operational conditions (defined by climate and occupancy of the building), must also be related to the selection of materials forming the components of the building system. In this process, the materials are selected on the basis of structural and environmental control considerations [1]. Yet, while the structural design is well defined, this is not the case with the environmental control process. In the worst case, the environmental design is based on experience gained by the designer in the trial and error process. Heat, air, and moisture transport across a building envelope are inseparable phenomena. Each influences the other and is influenced by all the materials contained within the building envelope. Often we simplify the process of design by relating control of each phenomenon to a particular material or component. The thermal insulation, for example, is perceived to control heat transfer and the air barrier to control air leakage (Table 1). Likewise, the rain screen and vapor barrier eliminate ingress of moisture into the system.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=700  1\$aBomberg, Mark T., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11567M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11567M.htm

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=082  04$a693.8/93$223
=100  1\$aConlin, Francis, $eauthor.
=245  10$aManufactured Housing / $cFrancis Conlin.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (14 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11561M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11561M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b2.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aIN THE PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONtents of the first edition were drawn upon. The author acknowledges the author of the first edition, Michael F. Werner [1]. The new current edition will review and update the topics as addressed by the previous author, introduce new technology that has been developed, and include up-to-date references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11561M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11561M.htm

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=100  1\$aBurge, Harriet A., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMoisture, Organisms, and Health Effects / $cHarriet A. Burge.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHISTORICALLY, MANKIND BEGAN THE SAGA OF structure occupancy in caves, which were undoubtedly virtual gardens of mold, bacteria, and pests. As civilization advanced, indoor conditions became more and more hygienic, so that the Greeks and Romans lived in comparatively clean, dry environments. During the Middle Ages, however, hygiene was apparently forgotten. Rats, mice, cockroaches, and probably mold were allowed to proliferate in occupied environments, and straw was used to absorb all kinds of organic material on the floors of both castles and hovels. These conditions led to the black death (spread by rat fleas), exposure to intestinal bacteria and viruses, and the consumption of mycotoxins. During these times, outdoor air, in spite of rain, snow, and hail, was far healthier than indoor air. Today, rats and cockroaches are not normally permitted in our living space, and straw is reserved for barns (sometimes leading to allergic and possibly toxic diseases in farm animals). We have designed and built homes and work places that are clean and that may be more healthy than the outdoor environment. Our interiors can be kept dry, and mechanical ventilation allows filtration of all entering air, providing a refuge from the fungal spores, bacteria, and other particles in outdoor air. However, changes in construction practices and materials are introduced at a rate exceeding our current capabilities to evaluate their implications. There is evidence that housing units are becoming more tightly constructed, resulting in reduced air exchange rates. Water generated by occupants and water migration through slabs on grade can contribute to increased indoor humidity.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11545M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11545M.htm

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=100  1\$aRose, William B., $eauthor.
=245  10$aRecommendations for Remedial and Preventive Actions for Existing Residential Buildings / $cWilliam B. Rose.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11559M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11559M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b22.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEXISTING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS COMPARE well to new homes. Their performance history is evident to the trained eye of someone like a home inspector, and good diagnosis of problems helps in performance prognosis. By any measure of sustainability, existing structures are desirable because the materials in place form a valuable repository of embodied energy. They are often in the most desirable economic locations. Existing homes have survived many of the problems that occur after construction, such as construction moisture and backfill settlement. Existing homes are of many vintages and many types. The moisture problems that occur are strongly dependent on age, climate, condition, materials, finishes, thermal protection, foundation type, roof geometry, maintenance, use, etc. Thus it is very difficult to seek to provide a comprehensive list of possible problems, the associated factors, and recommended remedies. This chapter seeks to simply give an overview. Moisture problems may be chronic (wet basement is a common example) or catastrophic (as from a pipe burst, hurricane, or flood). This chapter addresses chronic problems. Catastrophic moisture problems require local professional care. The fire and water damage restoration industry, represented by associations such as Restoration Industry of America (http://www.ascr.org/) and the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (http://www.iicrc.org/), has emerged to address cleanup after catastrophic problems like this. Existing houses are not governed by the same model codes and local codes that govern new construction. The International Code Council has issued the International Existing Buildings Code [1], which describes four levels of alteration to the existing building, leading to four different levels of code compliance. In making changes to existing buildings, make sure that bringing the building up to code is done under the proper set of code regulations.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11559M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11559M.htm

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=100  1\$aMakepeace, Chris, $eauthor.
=245  10$aDetails and Practice / $cPeter Baker, Chris Makepeace.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (54 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11555M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11555M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aHOW MANY TIMES HAVE YOU HEARD PEOPLE IN the construction industry say, The Devil is in the Details? Details are far more important than just conveying the aesthetic of a building design. Estimators use the documents and their details to establish budgets. Contractors produce bids and schedules based on how they perceive the details can be constructed and coordinated for completion of the project. Subcontractors submit bids based on the scope of work they would under take to complete the details. Why is it then, that universities and technical schools have given their students little or no formal training in how to develop details? Even if they do provide such courses, these courses rarely present constructability reviews of the details presented so the student enters the work force with a false perspective on how details are executed on sites. Individuals in these institutions are instructed in how to draw with the computer, but not what to draw and how it relates to the finished performance of the finished system. The Internet may provide information on particular systems or products, but the details often do not show how the individual products should be detailed in the context of the variety of building designs that are now present. Many in the design community fail to realize the limitations imposed by the contractor's capabilities and that of the products they install. Design details and documents for the building enclosure have been the most visible area of construction where a lack of workable details has led to building failures and law-suits over the past years. Failures of cladding components to perform have occurred in many cities throughout North America. Leaking walls and windows in house construction in Carolina, and the leaking condos in Vancouver, and the issues of mold in new building construction are just a few that have been in the news. Details can indicate the use of materials which are specified incorrectly or materials chosen for an inappropriate use. Weaknesses in material selection can be further compounded by a lack of understanding of construction sequence, material tolerances, building movements, material compatibility, and buildability problems. When the details presented overlook some or all of these issues, the failures may not be catastrophic or instantaneous, but the expected performance life for the owner can be significantly reduced.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=700  1\$aBaker, Peter, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11555M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11555M.htm

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=100  1\$aLstiburek, Joseph, $eauthor.
=245  10$aMoisture Control for New Residential Buildings / $cJoseph Lstiburek.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11557M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11557M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMOISTURE ACCUMULATES WHEN THE RATE OF moisture entry into an assembly exceeds the rate of moisture removal. When moisture accumulation exceeds the ability of the assembly materials to store the moisture without significantly degrading performance or long-term service life, moisture problems result. Various strategies can be implemented to minimize the risk of moisture damage. The strategies fall into the following three groups:  control of moisture entry control  control of moisture accumulation  removal of moisture. Strategies in the three groupings can be utilized in combination and have been proven to be most effective in that manner. Strategies effective in the control of moisture entry, however, are often not effective if building assemblies start out wet and, in fact, can be detrimental. If a technique is effective at preventing moisture from entering an assembly, it is also likely to be effective at preventing moisture from leaving an assembly. Conversely, a technique effective at removing moisture may also allow moisture to enter. Balance between entry and removal is the key in many assemblies.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11557M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11557M.htm

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=100  1\$aPersily, Andrew K., $eauthor.
=245  10$aEffects of Air Infiltration and Ventilation / $cAndrew K. Persily, Steven J. Emmerich.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11548M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11548M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b35.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES THE ROLE OF AIR INFILtration and ventilation in building moisture transport. While water vapor diffusion can be a very important moisture transport mechanism, as discussed in other chapters, bulk air movement via infiltration and ventilation carries far more water vapor into and out of buildings than diffusion, as much as ten times or more under common conditions [1]. Therefore it is important that we understand the phenomena of infiltration and ventilation, and the related building and system features that determine the impacts on moisture transport. This chapter discusses the terminology related to infiltration and ventilation, the driving forces for infiltration, envelope airtightness and its measurement, mechanical ventilation systems, building ventilation requirements and interzone airflows within buildings. Many of these issues are well covered in Chapter 27 Ventilation and Infiltration of the ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook [2], and therefore the material in this chapter reviews that information briefly and focuses on the moisture-specific implications. Other valuable resources for information on infiltration and ventilation include the publications and conference proceedings of the Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AIVC) (www.aivc.org), as well as various other ASHRAE publications. In addition, ASTM has held a number of symposia over the years that have resulted in Special Technical Publications (STPs) with a number of useful technical papers [35].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=700  1\$aEmmerich, Steven J., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11548M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11548M.htm

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=100  1\$aMundle, Richard B., $eauthor.
=245  10$aContract Documents and Moisture Control / $cHorace Calvin Crofford, Richard B. Mundle.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (9 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11563M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11563M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b12.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aCONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ARE NORMALLY EXecuted by means of a written formal contract. While the extent of detail may vary according to the complexity of the work, the documents must describe the services to be performed accurately and unambiguously. Most construction projects consist of contract clauses, drawings, and specifications. The contract clauses cover the administrative operations of the contract. The technical description of the work is provided in the drawings and specifications. In general, drawings depict the layout of the work, indicate the materials to be used, and the arrangement of those materials. The specification describes the materials, their properties, quality, and methods of installation. Together, the drawings and specifications form the definition of the project. When there are conflicts between the drawings and specifications, most contracts state that the specifications will take precedence over the drawings. For this reason, it is important that the specifications accurately reflect the intentions of the project designer. The extent and detail of the construction documents vary depending on the size and complexity of the work. The documents for a large building may consist of hundreds of drawings and many hundreds of pages of specifications. A small building may require only a dozen or less drawings and 20 to 50 pages of specifications. A major rehabilitation project may require almost as many or as many drawings as a new building, but a minor repair job or the installation of a minor moisture control measure may only require a small sketch and a one-page written contract. However large or small, the documents must always be in writing, must be concise, unambiguous, spell out the specific tasks and performance levels to be accomplished by the contractor, and the amount and method of payment. This chapter discusses rehabilitation or addition projects of a size that do require more than a simple contract, but are small enough that a professional specification writer is generally not needed. The chapter also discusses the overall organization of the contract documents for large new construction.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=700  1\$aCrofford, Horace Calvin, $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11563M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11563M.htm

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=100  1\$aTenWolde, Anton, $eauthor.
=245  10$aDesign Tools / $cAnton TenWolde, Mark T. Bomberg.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11550M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11550M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b21.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTO PREVENT POTENTIAL MOISTURE PROBLEMS IN housing in cold climates, various rules of thumb were developed during the 1930s and 40s. In principle they all stated that a vapor barrier should be incorporated into exterior walls on the inside (warm in winter side) of the insulation [1]. These rules were later refined to include a statement that the exterior of the wall should have a water vapor permeance five times greater than the interior vapor barrier [2]. Further refinements attempted to include rules for warm and humid climates [3]. By and large, these rules were useful, although they did not cover moisture transport mechanisms other than vapor diffusion which, it was found later, is not the greatest source of moisture transport into and through building envelopes. While these simple rules may be appropriate for extreme cold or extreme warm climates, they ignore the fact that in many locations design rules targeted at one season (summer or winter) may not be appropriate for conditions during the rest of the year. To account for diffusion mechanisms more effectively, manual, steady-state methods were developed to determine moisture movement in walls and roofs. Being steady-state, based on a single set of assumptions, such as indoor and outdoor temperatures and relative humidities; such methods are of limited value, although their application is a significant improvement over the simple adoption of the rules of thumb previously used. These methods, known as manual design tools, all have severe limitations, and the results are difficult to interpret. However, these methods are widely used by design professionals and have traditionally been used to formulate building code requirements for vapor re-tarders. The proper use and limitations of these methods are discussed in the first section of this chapter, Manual Design Tools. In an effort to provide a better understanding of the various mechanisms and interactions of moisture and heat transfer in building envelopes, transient mathematical models were developed. First thought of as strictly research tools, they soon began to be useful tools for designers. In their most simple form, they applied hourly weather data to model moisture diffusion through multilayer envelope sections. In their most sophisticated form they account not only for diffusion, but also for air movement and rainwater wetting of the exterior surface and rainwater leakage.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=700  1\$aBomberg, Mark T., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11550M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11550M.htm

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=100  1\$aShirtliffe, Clifford J., $eauthor.
=245  10$aHygrothermal Characteristics of Materials and Components Used in Building Enclosures / $cMark T. Bomberg, Clifford J. Shirtliffe.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (22 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11542M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11542M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b53.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aA BUILDING IS A RATHER COMPLEX AND LONG-lived system. Its shell, building enclosure (BE), breathes, ages, expands, contracts, and is exposed to an ever-changing set of conditions induced by nature and man. Sometimes the people change the fabric from the original design; buildings are reinsulated, renovated, and rehabilitated. The designer must consider all aspects of the building's life during the design and yet keep the building affordable and competitive. The design of the building enclosure aimed in addressing the set of interacting conditions in heat, air, moisture flows, and their effects on construction, is called environmental control..
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=700  1\$aBomberg, Mark T., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11542M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11542M.htm

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=100  1\$aTrechsel, Heinz R., $eauthor.
=245  10$aGeneral Principles for Design of Building Enclosures with Consideration of Moisture Effects / $cMark T. Bomberg, Heinz R. Trechsel, Paul R. Achenbach.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11554M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11554M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b47.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aMODERN NORTH AMERICAN (NA) BUILDING ENCLOsures are highly insulated and airtight. Most NA houses and buildings use mechanical ventilation. The use of air conditioning is becoming more and more prevalent. These and many other changes [1] have reduced the drying potential of walls and required that consideration of moisture in building enclosures (BE) becomes a more important component in the design process. Therefore, the objectives of a designer or builder with respect to moisture control are: 1. To ensure the adequate performance during the service life. 2. To ensure good indoor environment by avoiding mold growth inside or on BE surfaces. 3. To ensure economic use of energy and materials.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=700  1\$aAchenbach, Paul R., $eauthor.
=700  1\$aBomberg, Mark T., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11554M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11554M.htm

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=100  1\$aStraube, John F., $eauthor.
=245  10$aExterior Climate Data for Hygrothermal Analysis / $cJohn F. Straube.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (16 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11546M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11546M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b14.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED CHAPTER IS THE presentation of climatic loading information appropriate for the hygrothermal (heat, air, and moisture) design and analysis of building enclosures (primarily above-grade walls, windows, and roofs). Building design professionals currently have very little guidance about regionally varying hygrothermal loads (such as driving rain, solar radiation, and night sky cooling) for enclosures. The result is often inappropriate enclosure designs or products for some climates, which result in rot, mold, corrosion, decay, freeze-thaw, and other damage. The growing use of computer-based building enclosure models also demands more and different climate information. Although it is both the difference and absolute value of the exterior and interior conditions that influence the load on the enclosure, this chapter will focus on the exterior conditions. The interior and exterior environmental conditions can conveniently be studied as separate entities, but it must be borne in mind that internal activities and processes can have a significant impact on the interior environment (e.g., stack effect pressures and interior humidity) and they combine with exterior conditions to create the difference that is the load on building enclosures.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11546M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11546M.htm

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=100  1\$aTama, Mario, $eauthor.
=245  10$aQuality Management in Design and Construction of the Building Envelope / $cMario Tama.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (74 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11565M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11565M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHIS CHAPTER ADDRESSES CONTROL OF QUALITY in design and construction in the context of industry moisture control problems, building design requirements, and building owners' needs. The chapter is broken into ten sections covering the following topics: 1. IntroductionThe Building Industry and Quality Challenges 2. Contracting for Building Design and Construction 3. Quality in Building Design and Construction 4. Managing Quality in Building Design 5. Specifying Quality Control in the Construction Contract Documents 6. The Construction Project TeamA Quality Approach 7. Communications Through Construction Project Meetings 8. Understanding Plans and Programs for Construction Quality Control 9. Developing a Quality Control Plan and Program for a Construction Project 10. Documentation Management for Construction Projects 11. Quality Management and Building Envelope Commissioning In Sections 1 and 2, the composition and business practices of the building design and construction industry are reviewed. Section 3 includes a brief introduction to quality management of design and construction. The meaning of quality is discussed, as is the difference between quality control and quality assurance. The importance of proactive control processes vice reactive inspection processes is emphasized. Section 4 reviews the steps that go into developing an effective building designa complete and unambiguous set of construction drawings and specifications. Peer reviews and quality reviews are emphasized. Section 5 addresses how owners can develop the scope of a contractor-managed quality control program in the building construction contract. Section 6 discusses the importance of effective collaboration between the building project participantsowner, designer, and construction contractor. Sections 710 provide detail on how contractors can effectively establish and manage project quality control programs, including organizational structure, quality control processes, and quality documentation. Section 11 expands the discussion to summarize the enhanced quality assurance process of building envelope commissioning.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11565M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11565M.htm

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=100  1\$aHandegord, Gustav, $eauthor.
=245  10$aNew Commercial, Institutional, and High-Rise Buildings / $cGustav Handegord.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (25 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11558M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11558M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b44.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aPUBLISHED INFORMATION RELATING TO THE DEsign of commercial, institutional and particularly high-rise buildings in North America over the past forty years has been readily available from the Division of Building Research of the National Research Council of Canada (DBR/NRCC) (now the Institute for Research in Construction, IRC/NRCC) and is currently available on the website http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Over 200 Canadian Building Digests (CBDs) specifically prepared for the building design professional are listed by subject and title and are available at no charge. Many other NRCC publications related to building research and practice are also listed and are currently available at nominal charge. The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation has more current reports and research studies on high-rise residential buildings at www.cmhc.ca/en/hoinpr/aren/index.cfm, which can be provided to interested professionals on request. Reference to these publications is used extensively in this chapter, particularly the Canadian Building Digests (CBDs) and are identified by author and title in the list of references.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11558M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11558M.htm

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=100  1\$aChristian, Jeffrey E., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMoisture Sources / $cJeffrey E. Christian.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (7 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11547M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11547M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b29.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTO UNDERSTAND MOISTURE PROBLEMS IN BUILDings, one must correctly determine the moisture sources. This chapter discusses the major sources of moisture in buildings, the rates associated with those sources, and frequencies of moisture dissipation. Several key equations are presented to estimate moisture sources for unique site-specific conditions. Excessive moisture within buildings can cause mold, mildew, and potentially damaging concealed condensation which, in time, distresses the building envelope's thermal and structural performance. Interior moisture sources are more important in colder climates, with more than 2,222 heat degree days (HDD) base 18.8C (4,000 HDD base 65F) and an average January temperature below 4.4C (40F) where the relative humidity within the building could be 45%[1]. In the summer, moist outside air is the more important moisture source. Moist air from the outside is generally an important moisture source of concern in regions meeting the ASHRAE definition of a humid climate [2]. A humid climate is defined as one in which one or both of the following conditions occur: 1. A 19.5C (67F) or higher wet-bulb temperature for 3,500 h or more during the warmest six consecutive months of the year. 2. A 23C (73F) or higher wet-bulb temperature for 1,750 h or more during the warmest six consecutive months of the year.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11547M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11547M.htm

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=100  1\$aPark, Sharon C., $eauthor.
=245  10$aMoisture in Historic Buildings and Preservation Guidance / $cSharon C. Park.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (21 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
=337  \\$acomputer$2rdamedia
=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2009, Issue 18 (January 2009)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL11562M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11562M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aUNCONTROLLED MOISTURE IS THE MOST PREvalent cause of decay in historic buildings. Over a long period of time, the presence of moisture in all of its forms can erode, rot, corrode, and otherwise deteriorate aging building materials if it is not controlled. Historic buildings are vulnerable to moisture damage for several reasons: building materials are fragile, exterior envelopes are not tight, construction joints have weakened over time, modern aggressive methods used to control moisture often further damage historic materials, and modern insulation and HVAC systems used for energy efficiency often create additional moisture problems. And so we see with historic buildings that moisture management is often more complicated than with newer structures. This chapter briefly discusses, in laymen's terms, moisture sources and preservation philosophies and identifies in checklist form the typical patterns of decay for historic buildings and outlines generally acceptable remedial treatments to manage unwanted moisture [1]. Historic buildings, by their very nature, are irreplaceable and dedicated owners see themselves as stewards of their architectural resources. With a renewed emphasis on sustainable design, historic buildings, well-maintained or rehabilitated for continued use, play an important role in conserving our cultural and architectural heritage. If buildings are not maintained, or if moisture is improperly diagnosed and treated, buildings may decay beyond the point that makes economic sense to repair them. ASTM standards are an important component of good repair or replacement specifications. Specific ASTM standards, for example, concerning the use of stainless steel anchors or lime-based mortar mixes, are not listed in this chapter, as each building presents unique circumstances and must be evaluated accordingly. A treatment or ASTM standard for one building may be completely inappropriate for another. While a number of remedial treatments may be listed under the various components of a building, the reader should be aware that careful evaluation must be made by qualified professionals and complex moisture issues generally require a team of specialists knowledgeable about historic construction. This team may include any or all of the following: historical architects, architectural historians, soil and geo-physical engineers, structural engineers, preservation consultants and contractors with proven experience with historic buildings and sites.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11562M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11562M.htm

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=100  1\$aVigener, Niklas W., $eauthor.
=245  10$aInvestigating Moisture Damage Caused by Building Envelope Problems / $cHeinz R. Trechsel, Niklas W. Vigener.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11552M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b28.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE MAJORITY OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE problems are caused by water leakage through the building envelope and condensation of moisture in exterior wall and roof assemblies. Identifying the sources of water leakage is a critical first step to developing a regimen of effective building repairs. This chapter reviews common building envelope leakage problems and discusses investigative techniques to identify the sources of leakage. To the layperson, troubleshooting in buildings, particularly with regard to moisture problems, conjures visions of investigators poking with flashlights in dark corners or dangling from ropes on a building wall hundreds of feet above the street. While investigating moisture damage caused by building envelope problems may include the above secretive or heroic modes of operation, more frequently and more typically troubleshooting involves the preparation of test protocols, performance of diagnostic tests, and the careful evaluation of test results. Troubleshooting, or the diagnosis of building problems, is much like the work of the detective who tries to solve a crime or the doctor who attempts to diagnose and cure a patient's illness. The term building diagnostics has come into frequent use and certainly can be applied to moisture investigations. The term building diagnostics here refers to the use of tests providing measurable results for determining the performance of buildings and their components. Although standard test methods are usually applied, it can include the development of tests for a specific case, as standard methods do not exist for all the tests an investigator may wish or need to undertake. In some instances, the evaluation of test results is straightforward, consisting of a comparison with some standard or code value; in others, it includes an element of the investigator's experience in similar cases. However, moisture investigations include more than the conduct of tests and measurements. They include the gathering of physical evidence, surveys of damage, and occupant surveys. Finally, the approach of the investigator and the determination of what tests to perform, at what time, and under what circumstances are still largely an art, and no two investigators are likely to follow the same protocol in the same case. As standardized test methods become more abundant, as they are applied with greater frequency, and as the community of investigators becomes more aware of each others' work, moisture investigations also will become more standardized as generally accepted protocols are adopted. Chapter 11 discussed various techniques and methods for measuring moisture content and for moisture-related tests in buildings and for building components, products, and materials. It is the intent of this chapter to provide guidance on how and when to apply the testing and measurement methods to identify causes and mechanisms of moisture problems and to determine the most effective remedial actions.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=700  1\$aTrechsel, Heinz R., $eauthor.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11552M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11552M.htm

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=100  1\$aKeeler, Russell M., $eauthor.
=245  10$aHeating and Cooling Equipment / $cRussell M. Keeler.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2009.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (11 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL11549M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references$b4.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAIR CONDITIONING IS TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED with cooling, but the conditioning of air to provide comfortable conditions for building occupants or processes can apply either to heating or cooling applications. Moisture generation as a by-product of air conditioning is more frequent in cooling due to the condensing of water vapor in the cooling and dehumidification of supply air. In this chapter, references are to cooling rather than heating unless identified as a heating season phenomenon. Space cooling is as a process whereby heat is removed from the space. The heat transfer medium from the space to the air conditioning unit is typically air; space heat is absorbed by the conditioning air. Heat in the air consists of two components: sensible (temperature related) and latent (moisture content). Sensible heat is absorbed through a rise in the supply air temperature. Latent heat is absorbed through a rise in the humidity ratio of the supply air. The conditioning air is then returned to the air conditioning unit, where the absorbed heat is removed at the cooling coil and transferred to a second heat transfer medium (refrigerant) in the cooling coil. Ultimately, in this secondary process, the heat is transferred to the general environment, either to the atmosphere or to water. When considering the impact of air conditioning systems on the formation of mold and mildew, consider how an air conditioning system maintains the humidity of a space within predetermined limits; moisture must be removed at the same rate as it is introduced. If the moisture is thus controlled, little chance will exist for the formation of liquid water through condensation of airborne water vapor. The lack of liquid water within the space will eliminate an essential ingredient for mold and mildew formation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2009. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aDampness in buildings $xPrevention.
=650  \0$aWaterproofing.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL11549M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL11549M.htm

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=245  00$aTest Equipment.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 52 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10614M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10614M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE COMPACT SPECIMENS OF FIG. 7 AND THE DISK SHAPED SPECIMEN of Fig. 8 are loaded using pin and clevis fixturing. The clevis design is shown in Fig. 10. For compact specimens, the load line is offset from the approximate specimen hinge point (located near mid-ligament) by about 3/4W. Hence, the specimen arms rotate open as the load is applied. The small flat surfaces at the bottoms of the clevis holes provide low friction sliding surfaces for the pins as the specimen arms rotate. The direction of sliding is forward, away from the crack tip, so that the starting position for the pins should be to the rear of the holes. Clevises should be made of ultra-high-strength steels such as maraging steel or high quality tool steels. Hardness of the clevis material should be 40 HRC or better. On the other hand, use of clevises made from ultra-high-strength steel is not recommended for pre-cracking, due to the sensitivity of ultra-high strength steels with respect to fatigue crack initiation.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10614M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10614M.htm

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=245  00$aDetermination of Reference Temperature, To.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 52 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10619M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10619M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEQUATION 9 OR EQ 10 CAN BE USED TO SOLVE FOR To, GIVEN THAT SCALE parameter (Ko - Kmin) has been determined using either Eq 22 or Eq 23. For all specimens tested at one temperature, T, and all KJc values are IT size equivalent.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10619M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10619M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
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=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aTest Practices.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (2 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 52 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10616M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10616M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE KJC TOUGHNESS LIMIT VALUE, KJC (LIMIT), GIVEN BY EQ 12, WILL almost always occur near the point of maximum load in the test record. To avoid specimen failure due to excessive system crack drive at maximum load and beyond, the applied load must decrease equally with the decrease in load bearing capacity of the test specimen. Hence, the test machine must be operated under rigid displacement control. Servo-hydraulic machines can be displacement controlled, using the feedback voltage of a clip gage attached across either the crack mouth or the load-line of a specimen. An alternative is to use the machine actuator voltage feedback for stroke control. The former approach provides infinitely stiff control, and the latter will contain the slightly softer spring-like compliance of the pull rods and clevises. Screw-driven test machines usually have stiff frames and cross-heads, so they perform the same as a servo-hydraulic machine under stroke control. All of the above approaches have been proven to work successfully, provided that the pull rods are of suitable stiffness.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10616M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10616M.htm

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=041  \\$aeng
=050  \4$aTA645
=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aFracture Toughness Calculations.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=338  \\$aonline resource$2rdacarrier
=347  \\$atext file $bPDF $2rda
=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 52 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10617M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10617M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aAs previously mentioned in connection with Eq 6, fracture toughness is first determined using the elastic-plastic J-integral corresponding to the point of cleavage instability. Then Eq 6 is used to convert the result into units of stress intensity factor. J-integral is separated into two parts, specifically an elastic component and a plastic component: Jc=Je+Jp.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10617M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10617M.htm

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=245  00$aConcepts Under Study.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 52 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10621M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10621M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aEVEN THOUGH THE CHARPY (CVN) BEND BAR IS SMALLER THAN ANY other candidate fracture mechanics specimen, it is being considered for use because it is the most common non-fracture mechanics specimen used in manufacturing and engineering applications. Oftentimes this CVN bar is the only fracture toughness type of specimen inserted into the surveillance capsules of nuclear reactor pressure vessels, and in some cases, the important pre-irradiation or base-line CVN transition curves were not developed. Hence, there is good motivation to determine if valid fracture mechanics-based KJc values can be obtained from the Charpy bar after it has been fatigue pre-cracked into a fracture mechanics configuration. If the effort were successful, it would obviate the need for baseline CVN data to evaluate irradiation damage currently judged by the CVN ?T curve shift.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10621M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10621M.htm

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=245  00$aDevelopment of Tolerance Bounds.
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 52 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10620M
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=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE ESTABLISHMENT OF TOLERANCE BOUNDS ON DATA SCATTER CAN be accomplished by using one of two available methods. One method uses standard deviations for the data distribution that can be extended to chosen probability levels (tolerance bounds) with the use of standard normal deviates, Z. The other option is to use cumulative probabilities expressed by the Weibull distribution. Because the methods differ from the standpoint of mathematical approach, the tolerance bound curves calculated will differ slightly. Since this difference is small, the choice among the two is optional.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10620M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10620M.htm

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=245  00$aPre-Cracking and Side-Grooving of Specimens.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10615M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10615M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE CLEVIS DESIGNS OF FIGS. 10 AND 11 ARE ALSO SUITABLE FOR pre-cracking compact specimens, but instead of using ultra high strength steels, use high strength steels with yield strengths in the range of 100-140 ksi. These steels are less sensitive to fatigue crack initiation at sharp corners.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10615M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10615M.htm

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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 52 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10622M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10622M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE MASTER CURVE CONCEPT HAS INTRODUCED TEST PRACTICES AND an analysis methodology that has made fracture mechanics, as applied to structural steels, a practical technology. Specimen size requirements are now practical for routine laboratory testing purposes. Data developed with small specimens can be scaled to predict the fracture toughness behavior in applications that involve other sizes or dimensions. In addition, statistical methods have been introduced that model the data scatter displayed by structural steels in the transition range. Most important, a minimum number of replicate tests is necessary. This allows for the prediction of the lowest fracture toughness likely to be encountered, which is of use to establish design safety margins in terms of critical flaw sizes and/or design stresses.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10622M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10622M.htm

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=245  00$aBackground.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (10 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10611M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10611M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aFRACTURE MECHANICS IS A RELATIVELY NEW SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE that has effectively added a useful advancement to the technology of the mechanics of materials. Fracture mechanics provides the tools to compute the capability of brittle materials to sustain cracks stably while under load (stress). This new technology has been most successfully applied to aerospace materials, which usually have ultra-high strength and, therefore, are usually highly frangible. More recent attempts to adapt this new technology to structural steels has encountered added difficulties, and considerably more technological development had to be undertaken. Specifically, the added difficulty results from the combination of higher fracture toughness and lower yield strength, resulting in more plastic deformation involved in the fracture toughness development process. Consequently, several elastic-plastic analysis procedures have been introduced [1-3], of which the most widely used has been the J-integral approach, conceived in the early 1970s. However, until recently, the main use of J has been for the characterization of ductile tearing resistance in terms of J-R curves and JIc [4,5].
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10611M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10611M.htm

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=082  04$a620.1/126$223
=245  00$aDetermination of Scale Parameter, Determination of Scale Parameter, (Ko - Kmin).
=264  \\$aWest Conshohocken, Pa. : $bASTM International, $c2005.
=300  \\$a1 online resource (3 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
=336  \\$atext$2rdacontent
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 52 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10618M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10618M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aThe most efficient method of determining a scale parameter is to test six or more specimens at one test temperature and as close as possible to the To temperature. A method of making a rough estimate of a test temperature close to To is to use data from a Charpy V-notch impact-energy transition curve in conjunction with the following equation: To(estimate)=TCVN+C.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10618M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10618M.htm

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=245  00$aKJc Data Validity Requirements.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 52 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10612M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10612M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aASTM STANDARD E 1921 REQUIRES THAT SPECIMENS BE MACHINED to certain proportionality and precision requirements. Most important for obtaining good data is that the specimens should be fatigue pre-cracked exactly as specified. Test machines must have calibrated load cells, and test fixturing should be aligned properly.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10612M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10612M.htm

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=245  00$aTest Specimens.
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=300  \\$a1 online resource (4 pages) : $billustrations, figures, tables.
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=362  0\$aVolume 2005, Issue 52 (January 2005)
=490  1\$aASTM manual series ; $vMNL10613M
=500  \\$a"ASTM Stock Number: MNL10613M".
=504  \\$aIncludes bibliographical references.
=506  \\$aSubscription required for access to full text.
=506  \\$aLicense restrictions may limit access.
=520  3\$aTHE SPECIMENS USED TO DETERMINE TRANSITION RANGE DATA ARE shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Three compact specimen designs are shown in Fig. 7, all of which have fixed height to width ratios, 2H/W of 1.2. Thickness B = W/2. The one specimen on the left has a machined-in slot that is too narrow for inserting a displacement-measuring clip-gage at the load line. J-integral calculations require the measurement of work done on the specimen (area under the load versus load point displacement test record), so that load-line displacement measurement is necessary. However, the displacement gage can be placed on the front face of the specimen at a position 0.25W in front of the load-line. Front face displacement, Vff, is nominally a factor of 1.37 times the load-line displacement, VLL [22], hence the area under a load versus Vff plot will be 1.37 times the area under a load versus VLL plot, enabling J-integral calculations to be based on either type of test record. An alternative would be to use the caliper-type over-the-top gage shown in Fig. 9. Use of this gage should be limited to materials of low fracture toughness, since specimens that fracture with high stored elastic strain energy may damage such gages. The other two compact specimen designs shown in Fig. 7 provide recesses for clip gages that are placed on the load-line. Both have small vertical faces onto which razor blade knife-edges can be spot welded. Razor blade steel is easily trimmed to the size and shape needed with ordinary sheet-metal shears.
=530  \\$aAlso available online via the World Wide Web. Tables of contents and abstracts freely available; full-text articles available by subscription.
=530  \\$aFull text article also available for purchase.
=530  \\$aAlso available in PDF edition.
=533  \\$aElectronic reproduction. $bW. Conshohocken, Pa. : $cASTM International, $d2005. $nMode of access: World Wide Web. $nSystem requirements: Web browser. $nAccess may be restricted to users at subscribing institutions.
=538  \\$aMode of access: World Wide Web.
=541  \\$aASTM International$3PDF$cPurchase price$hUSD25.
=588  \\$aDescription based on publisher's website, viewed May 03, 2017.
=650  \0$aStructural analysis (Engineering) $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFracture mechanics $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=650  \0$aFractures $xHandbooks, manuals, etc.
=710  2\$aAmerican Society for Testing and Materials.
=710  2\$aASTM International.
=830  \0$aJournal of ASTM International. $pManual Series ; $vMNL10613M.
=856  40$uhttps://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/MNL/PAGES/MNL10613M.htm

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=250  \\$a4th edition.
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=650  \0$aReformulated gasoline$xStandards$zUnited States.
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