SYMPOSIA PAPER Published: 01 January 1989
STP22876S

Extraction Procedure Toxicity and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Extractions of Industrial and Solidified Hazardous Waste

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The 1984 amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) require that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) restrict the land disposal of certain hazardous wastes. The 7 Nov. 1986 RCRA amendments promulgated specific treatment standards and effective dates for the first phase of the land disposal restrictions (dioxin- and solvent-containing hazardous wastes). EPA also promulgated the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) for determining compliance for these wastes with applicable treatment standards.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of commercial hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs). Five facilities were sampled representing a wide range of treatment processes. Sampling was performed to monitor all influent, effluent, and treatment residues associated with each process. Leaching evaluations of industrial waste treatment residues and solidified/stabilized wastes are presented in this paper. Extraction procedure (EP) toxicity tests for metals and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) analyses for metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and semi-volatile organics are reported. The results demonstrate effective treatment resulting in nonhazardous residues in the majority of the cases. In several instances, the TCLP results for treatment residues are not within the recently promulgated regulations.

The waste composition and leachate results before and after treatment are compared. Metal hydroxide sludges from hydroxide precipitation processes were tested. A waste oil, a paint sludge, a biological treatment pond sludge, and a metal hydroxide plating sludge were tested before and after fly ash solidification. Plating wastes mixed with acids and neutralized with lime were tested after sulfide precipitation. Mixed plating sludges were tested before and after solidification with excess lime. Two ash residues produced by different solvent incinerators were tested. Compositional analyses showed varying quantities of organic compounds.

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Shively, WE
, Boston, MA
Crawford, MA
Peer Consultants, P. C., Cambridge, MA
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Developed by Committee: D34
Pages: 150–169
DOI: 10.1520/STP22876S
ISBN-EB: 978-0-8031-5090-4
ISBN-13: 978-0-8031-1261-2