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  • Applications
    • Aerospace Engineering
      • Aerospace Design, Operation, and Maintenance
        • Aircraft Design and Manufacture
        • Aircraft Emergencies
        • Aircraft Flight Manual
        • Aircraft Inspection
        • Aircraft Maintenance and Repair
        • Aircraft Operations
      • Aerospace Facilities
        • Airfield and Airspace
          • Airparks
          • Airport Ramps and Aprons
          • Runways
          • Taxiways
        • Clean Rooms and Controlled Areas
          • Clean Room Equipment and Materials
          • Clean Rooms
          • Controlled Areas
      • Aerospace Materials
        • Ablative Materials
        • Aerospace Fluids
          • Propellants
        • Aerospace Transparent Materials
          • Aerospace Transparent Heating Elements
          • Aerospace Interlayer Materials
        • Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals
          • Aircraft Cleaning Chemicals
      • Aerospace Personnel and Training
      • Aerospace Structures and Systems
        • Aerospace Transparent Enclosures
          • Aircraft Windscreens
          • Canopy
        • Aircraft Cabins
        • Aircraft Components
        • Aircraft Engines and Propulsion Systems
          • Aircraft Engines
          • Aircraft Fuel Systems
          • Electric Propulsion Systems
          • Reciprocating Piston Engines
          • Turbine Engines
        • Aircraft Structures
        • Aircraft Wheels and Tires
        • Airframes
        • Airplane Electrical Wiring Systems
        • Takeoff and Landing Systems
      • Aircraft
        • Airships
        • General Aviation Aircraft
        • Light Sport Aircraft
          • Small Airplanes
        • Light Sport Aircraft -- Fixed Wing
          • Airplanes
          • Gliders
          • Weight Shift Control Aircraft
        • Light Sport Aircraft -- Lighter-than-Air Craft
          • Balloons
        • Light Sport Aircraft -- Power Parachutes
        • Light Sport Aircraft -- Rotorcrafts
          • Gyroplanes
          • Helicopters
        • Military Aircraft
        • Unmanned Aircraft Systems
          • Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems
      • Aircraft Regulation and Certification
        • Aircraft Regulation Authorities
        • Airworthiness
        • Licensing and Certification
          • Pilot Registration and Licensing
      • Avionics
        • Aircraft Sense and Avoid Systems
        • Aircraft Vision Systems
          • Goggles
          • Head Up Displays
        • Angle of Attack Systems
      • Space Simulation
      • Space Vehicles
        • Launch and Reentry Vehicles
        • Rockets and Missiles
        • Spacecrafts
    • Agricultural Engineering
      • Adjuvants
      • Agricultural Liming Materials
      • Agricultural Residues and Wastes
      • Biological Control Organisms
      • Biopesticides
      • Farming
        • Irrigation
      • Fertilizers
      • Pest Control
        • Invertebrate Pest Control
      • Pesticide Delivery Systems
        • Application Apparatus
          • Anticoagulants
          • Dispersants
          • Field Atomizers and Sprayers
          • Granular Applicators
        • Pesticide Application
          • Aerial Application
          • Ground Application
          • Topical Application
      • Pesticide Drift
        • Spray Drift
      • Pesticide Ingredients
        • Active Ingredients
        • Inert Ingredients
          • Carriers
      • Pesticides and Alternative Control Agents
        • Antimicrobials
          • Antibiotics
          • Antivirals
          • Disinfectants
        • Attractants and Repellents
          • Mosquitoe Repellents
        • Fumigants
        • Herbicides
        • Insecticides
        • Microbicides
          • Fungicides
        • Piscicides
        • Rodenticides
      • Pesticides Formulation
        • Dry Formulation
          • Granules
          • Pellets
        • Liquid Formulation
          • Aerosols
          • Emulsifiable Concentrates
    • Asset Management
      • Asset Data Management
        • Property Receipts
        • Property Records
      • Asset Priority Index
      • Asset Process Management
        • Property Categorization
        • Property Identification
        • Property Movement
        • Property Risk Management
        • Property Storage
        • Property Tracking
      • Property Acquisition
      • Property Management Maturity
      • Property Management Systems
      • Property Reutilization and Disposal
        • Property Damage
        • Property Disposal
        • Serviceable Equipment Components
      • Sustainable Property Management
      • Tangible Property
        • Real Property
          • Moveable Property
    • Automotive Engineering
      • Automobiles
        • Commercial Vehicles
        • Passenger Vehicles
      • Automotive Components
        • Automotive Brake Systems
          • Anti-Lock Braking Systems
        • Engine and Ignition Systems
          • Automotive Fuel Systems
          • Compression Ignition Engines
          • Engine Cooling Systems
          • Spark-Ignition Engines
        • Exhaust Systems
        • Suspension and Axle Systems
        • Vehicle Safety Systems
          • Airbags
        • Vehicle Transmission Systems
      • Automotive Materials
      • Diesel Exhaust Fluids
      • Tires and Wheels
        • Light Truck Tires
        • Passenger Vehicle Tires
      • Traffic Monitoring Devices
    • Biomedical Engineering
      • Anesthetic and Respiratory Equipment
        • Anesthetic Equipment
        • Humidifiers
        • Patient Warming Equipment
        • Ventilators
      • Biomaterials
        • Surgical Adhesives and Sealants
      • Biomechanics
      • Diagnostic Equipment
        • Clinical Thermometers
        • Endoscopes
      • Fixation Devices
        • Neurosurgical Fixation Devices
        • Orthopedic Fixation Devices
        • Spinal Fixation Devices
      • Grafts
        • Bone Graft and Graft Substitutes
        • Vascular Grafts
      • Medical Accessories
        • Medical Gloves
        • Surgical Drapes and Gowns
      • Medical Imaging Techniques and Examination
        • Diagnostic Radiography
        • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
      • Medical Surgical Suction and Drainage
        • Catheters
        • Medical Suction Devices
      • Medicine
        • Anesthesiology
        • Regenerative Medicine
      • Reusable Medical Devices
      • Surgery
        • General Surgery
          • Vascular Surgery
        • Orthopedic Surgery
          • Arthroplasty
          • Vertebrectomy
      • Surgical Implants
        • Cardiovascular Implants
        • Cochlear Implants
        • Mammary Implants
        • Neurosurgical Implants
        • Orthopedic Implants
        • Spinal Implants
        • Ureteral Implants
      • Surgical Instruments
        • Surgical Blades
        • Surgical Forceps
        • Surgical Scissors
      • Syringe and Needles
        • Needles
        • Syringes
      • Tissue Engineered Medical Products
        • Cellular and Tissue-Based Products
        • Tissue Scaffolds
    • Biotechnology
      • Bioengineering
      • Bioprocessing
        • Cryopreservation
        • Cultivation
          • Growth Media
      • Bioreactors
      • Biotechnology Products
        • Biological Drug Products
        • Recombinant Products
      • Industrial Biotechnology
        • Biomass and Conversion
    • Business and Management
      • Banking and Finance
      • Contract Management
      • Economics
        • Cost Analysis
      • Human Resource Management
      • Marketing
      • Project Management
    • Chemical Technology
      • Adhesives
        • Construction Adhesives
        • Hot-Melt Adhesives
        • Liquid Optically Clear Adhesives
        • Metal Bonding Adhesives
        • Plastic Bonding Adhesives
        • Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
        • Solvent Cement
        • Wood Adhesives
      • Cleaning Agents
        • Bleaches
        • Ceramic Tile Cleaners
        • Metal Cleaners
        • Vapor Degreasers
      • Cosmetics
      • Dyes
        • Fluorescent Dyes
      • Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
        • Anti-Strip Additives
        • Catalysts and Catalyst Carriers
          • Catalyst Carriers
          • Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts
          • Reforming Catalysts
          • Zeolite Catalysts
        • Chelating Agents
        • Deicers
        • Desiccants
        • Diluents
        • Electrolyte
        • Engine Coolants
          • Antifreezes
          • Non-Aqueous Engine Coolants
          • Recycled Coolants
          • Supplemental Coolant Additives
        • Foaming and Defoaming Agents
        • Inhibitors
          • Corrosion Inhibitors
        • Leather and Textile Chemicals
          • Softening Agents
          • Stuffing Agents
          • Tanning Agents
        • Odorants
        • Plastics Additives and Rubber Chemicals
          • Accelerants
          • Antidegradants
          • Antioxidants
          • Antiozonants
          • Antistatic Agents
          • Blowing Agents
          • Colorants
          • Fillers and Extenders
          • Flame Retardants
          • Plasticizers
          • Polymer Modifiers
          • Slip Additives
          • Stabilizers
          • Vulcanizing Agents
        • Preservatives
          • Metal Preservatives
          • Wood Preservatives
        • Quenchants
        • Solvents
        • Sorbents
        • Surfactants
          • Anionic Surfactants
          • Non-Ionic Surfactants
        • Thickeners
        • Vapor Retarders
      • Paint Application Tools
        • Extension Poles
        • Paint Brushes
        • Paint Rollers and Covers
      • Paint Related Coatings
        • Architectural Coatings
        • Automotive Coatings
        • Coil Coatings
        • Decorative Coatings
        • Factory Applied Coatings
        • Marine Coatings
        • Pipeline Coatings
        • Powder Coatings
        • Protective Coatings and Linings
          • Conversion Coatings
          • Water Repellent Coatings
        • Traffic Coatings
      • Paints
        • Artist Paints and Art Materials
        • Latex Paints
        • Lead-Based Paints
        • Solvent-Borne Paints
        • Traffic Paints
        • Waterborne Paints
      • Paints and Inks Additives
        • Binders
        • Driers
        • Ink Vehicles
        • Paint Solvents
        • Paint Vehicles
        • Pigments
          • Colored Pigments
          • Metallic Pigments
          • White Pigments
        • Thinners
      • Pine Chemicals
      • Polishes
        • Automotive Polishes
        • Floor Polishes
        • Furniture Polishes
        • Shoe Polishes
      • Printing Inks
        • Solvent-Based Inks
        • Water-Based Inks
      • Reagents
      • Soaps and Detergents
        • Detergents
        • Soaps
      • Varnishes, Lacquers, Enamels and Primers
        • Enamels
        • Lacquers
        • Primers
        • Varnishes
    • Civil Engineering
      • Architecture
      • Building and Environmental Acoustics
        • Speech Privacy
      • Building Codes and Standards
        • Building Codes
        • Building Standards
      • Building Design and Construction
        • Building Enclosure Commissioning
        • Building Safety
        • Road and Pavement Design
      • Building Economics
        • Building Investments
      • Building Insulation
        • Acoustical Insulation
        • Thermal Insulation
          • Blanket Insulation
          • Loose Fill Insulation
          • Reflective Insulation
      • Building Maintenance
      • Building Performance
        • Air Leakage and Ventilation
          • Radon Mitigation Systems
        • Facility Rating Scale
      • Building Preservation and Rehabilitation
      • Building Products
        • Dimension Stone
          • Exterior Building Stone
        • Fences and Meshes
          • Chain-Link Fences
          • Expanded Metal Fences
          • Fencing Accessories
          • Ornamental Fence Systems
        • Fenestration
          • Doors and Windows
          • Skylights
        • Flooring and Floor Covering Systems
          • Floor Coverings
          • Floor Tiles
          • Resilient Flooring
          • Wood Flooring
        • Frames
        • Liners
        • Masonry Units
          • Bricks and Stones
          • Interlocking Concrete Pavers
          • Tiles
        • Reinforcement
          • Reinforcing Bars
          • Wire Reinforcement
        • Roofing and Waterproofing Membranes
        • Sheathing
        • Shingles
        • Sidings and Soffits
        • Structural Glazing
        • Surfacing
          • Microsurfacings
          • Monolithic Surfacings
      • Building Seals and Sealants
        • Aerosol Foam Sealants
        • Caulking Compounds
        • Compression Seals and Lock Strip Gaskets
        • Elastomeric Sealants
        • Glazing Compounds
        • Preformed Tape Sealants
      • Building Structures
        • Beams and Columns
        • Bridges
        • Building Decks
          • Bridge Decks
          • Roof Decks
        • Building Partitions
          • Building Envelopes
        • Ceilings
          • Suspended Ceilings
        • Lathing and Furring
        • Piles
        • Relocatable Structures
          • Tactical Shelters
        • Roofing and Waterproofing
          • Built-Up Roofs
          • Flashings
          • Foam Roofing Systems
          • Green Roofs
          • Roll Roofing
          • Steep Slope Roofing
        • Storage Tanks
          • Aboveground Storage Tanks
          • Septic Tanks
          • Underground Storage Tanks
        • Structural Panels
          • Structural Insulated Panels
        • Trusses
        • Walls and Wall Assemblies
          • Curtain Walls
          • Exterior Building Wall Systems
          • Exterior Insulation Finish Systems
      • Buildings
        • Commercial Buildings
        • Institutional Buildings
        • Residential Buildings
      • Construction Equipment
        • Concrete Mixers
        • Vibratory and Kneading Compactors
      • Flue Systems
        • Chimneys
        • Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
      • Pavement Preservation and Rehabilitation
      • Plumbing and Sewers
        • Access Hatches
        • Culverts
          • Arch Culverts
          • Box Culverts
        • Irrigation Pipes
        • Manhole Products
        • Pipe Repair and Rehabilitation
          • Cured-In-Place Pipes
          • Trenchless Pipeline Rehabilitation
        • Pipeline Inspection and Monitoring
        • Pipes and Fittings
          • Heat Shrink Tubing
          • Pipe Arches
          • Pipe Couplings
          • Pipe Joints
          • Pipe Liners
        • Pressure Pipes
        • Sewer Pipes
          • Drain-Waste-Vent Pipes
          • Gravity Sewer Pipes
        • Storm Drains
          • Stormwater Collection Chambers
        • Underground Pipe Installation
        • Water Distribution Systems
      • Roads and Pavements
        • Chip Seals
        • Flexible Pavements
        • Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements
        • Rigid Pavements
        • Roads
          • Base Course
          • Subbase
          • Subgrade
        • Superpave
    • Codes, Scales and Standards
      • Coden
      • Measurement and Conversion Tables
      • Resin Identification Code
      • Standard Scales
        • Color Scales
        • Hardness Scales
        • Temperature Scales
      • Standards and Standards Organizations
        • Reference Materials
          • Certified Reference Materials
          • Industry Reference Materials
          • Reference Radiographs
          • Standard Reference Materials
        • Standards
        • Standards Organizations
    • Consumer Products
      • Baby and Toddler Products
        • Baby Cribs
          • Crib Mattresses
        • Baby Monitors
        • Bassinets and Bedside Sleepers
        • Changing Tables
        • Child Chairs
        • Child Seats
        • Cradles
        • Infant Carriers
        • Infant Walkers
        • Stationary Activity Centers
        • Strollers
        • Toddler Beds
      • Candle Products
        • Candle Containers
        • Candles
      • Cleaning Equipment, Others
        • Brooms
        • Mops
      • Consumer Behavior
        • Consumer Product Evaluation
          • Consumer Preference Test
      • Consumer Product Safety
        • Bath Tub Safety
        • Pool Safety
        • Toy Safety
      • Electronic Appliances
      • Fabric Fasteners
        • Buttons
        • Zippers
      • Flammable Liquid Containers
        • Portable Diesel Containers
        • Portable Gasoline Containers
        • Portable Kerosene Containers
      • Furniture
        • Chests
        • Outdoor Furniture
      • Home Playground Equipment
        • Play Yards
        • Swings
      • Jewelry
        • Adult Jewelry
      • Lighters
        • Utility Lighters
      • Personal Care Products
        • Wipes and Towelettes
      • Public Use Play Equipment
        • Constant Air Inflatables
        • Fun Karts
        • Recreational Powered Scooters
        • Soft Contained Play Equipment
      • Safety Accessories
        • Bed Rails
        • Emergency Escape Ladders
        • Expandable Gates and Enclosures
        • Window Fall Prevention Devices
      • Shopping Carts
      • Swimming Pools, Spas, and Tubs
        • Bath Seats and Tubs
        • Bathrooms
        • Spas
        • Swimming Pools
      • Toys
        • Non-Powder Guns
        • Riding Toys
      • Upholstery
        • Mattresses
        • Wall Coverings
      • Vacuum Cleaners
        • Canister Vacuum Cleaners
        • Central Vacuum Cleaners
        • Hand-Held Vacuum Cleaners
          • Utility Vacuum Cleaners
        • Stick Vacuum Cleaners
        • Upright Vacuum Cleaners
        • Vacuum Cleaner Accessories
    • Electrical and Electronics Engineering
      • Automation
        • Robotics
          • Robots
            • Robots
      • Electrical Conductors and Cables
        • Bus Bars
        • Compact Round Stranded Conductors
        • Compressed Round Stranded Conductors
        • Concentric-Lay-Stranded Conductors
        • Electrical Cables
        • Electrical Contacts and Connectors
        • Electrodes
          • Ion-Selective Electrodes
        • Fine-Wire Bunch-Stranded Conductors
        • Overhead Conductors
        • Rope-Lay Bunch-Stranded Conductors
        • Superconductors
        • Twisted Pair Conductors
        • Unilay-Stranded Conductors
      • Electrical Devices
        • Circuit Breakers
        • Electrical Motors
        • Generators
        • Heating Elements
        • Relays
        • Transformer and Components
      • Electrical Insulation
        • Insulating Gases
        • Insulating Liquids
        • Insulating Solids
      • Electron Tubes and Emitters
      • Electronic Devices and Components
        • Amplifiers and Oscillators
        • Capacitors
        • Resistors
        • Surface Mount Devices
      • Electronic Switches and Assemblies
        • Limit Switches
        • Membrane Switches
        • Proximity Switches
      • Integrated Circuits
        • Digital Integrated Circuits
        • Linear Integrated Circuits
      • Lasers and Incoherent Light Sources
        • Lamps
          • Xenon Arc Lamps
        • Lasers
          • Chemical Lasers
      • Magnetic Conductors
        • Magnet Wires
      • Optical Materials and Coatings
      • Optoelectronic Devices
        • Display Devices
          • Visual Display Unit
        • Fiber Optical Devices
        • Optical Components
          • Optical Filters
          • Optical Mirrors
          • Optical Reflectors
          • Polarizers
      • Particle Accelerators
      • Printed Circuit Board
      • Semiconductor Devices
        • Diodes
          • LED
        • MEMS
        • Semiconductor Wafers
        • Transistors
      • Sputtering Targets and Seals
        • Electronic Seals
        • Sputtering Targets
    • Energy Engineering
      • Energy Conservation
      • Energy Consumption
      • Energy Source and Power Station
        • Green Energy and Renewable Resources
          • Geothermal Energy
          • Solar Energy
        • Non-Renewable Resources
          • Fossil Fuels
          • Nuclear Energy
          • Thermal Energy
      • Power Generating Equipment and Accessories
        • Batteries
        • Boilers and Pressure Vessels
          • Boilers and Pressure Vessel Tubes
          • Pressure-Containing Parts
          • Pressure-Retaining Parts
        • Fuel Cells
          • Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
        • Heat-Transfer Apparatus
          • Condensers
          • Cooling Towers
          • Evaporators
          • Heat Exchangers
          • Superheaters
        • Power Infrastructure
          • Power Transmission Lines
          • Transmission Towers
        • Solar Devices
          • Photovoltaic Panels and Modules
          • Photovoltaic Systems
          • Solar Cells
          • Solar Collectors
          • Solar Heating Systems
        • Turbines and Components
          • Gas Turbines
          • Rotor and Rotor Blades
          • Steam Turbines
          • Water Turbines
          • Wind Turbines
    • Environmental Engineering
      • Air Quality
        • Air Filters
          • HEPA Filters
        • Air Quality Control Systems
        • Indoor Air Quality
      • Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
        • Aquatic Toxicology
          • Bioaccumulation
          • Bioconcentration
        • Biological Effects
        • Environmental Toxicology
          • Terrestrial Toxicology
      • Environmental Economics
        • Environmental Liability
      • Environmental Impact Assessment
        • Corrective Action
          • Risk-Based Corrective Action
        • Environmental Hazard Assessment
        • Environmental Risk Assessment
        • Environmental Site Assessment
          • Environmental Health Site Assessment
          • Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
          • Property Condition Assessment
          • Real Estate Assessment
          • Vapor Encroachment Screening
        • Life Cycle Assessment
          • Environmental Product Declaration
      • Environmental Management
        • Environmental Audits
        • Water Use and Conservation
      • Environmental Monitoring
        • Biomonitoring
      • Environmental Regulations and Laws
        • Environmental Act
        • Environmental Protection Agency
      • Environmental Safety and Sustainability
        • Environmental Reclamation and Conservation
      • Oil Spill Response and Control
        • Oil Spill Cleanup and Recovery
        • Oil Spill Control Systems
          • Oil Dispersants
          • Oil Spill Booms
          • Skimmers
        • Oil Spills
      • Pollution
        • Air Pollution
          • Airborne Particulate Matter
          • Vapor Intrusion
        • Land Pollution
        • Marine Pollution
        • Noise Pollution
        • Pollution Abatement and Control
          • Flue Gas Desulfurization
        • Water Pollution
      • Stormwater Management
        • Hydrodynamic Separators
        • Stormwater Treatment Devices
      • Waste Management
        • Recycling and Resource Recovery
          • Refuse-Derived Fuel
        • Remediation
          • Air Sparging
          • Bioremediation
          • Dredging
          • Greener Cleanups
        • Waste
          • E-Waste
          • Hazardous Waste
          • Industrial Waste
          • Mixed Waste
          • Municipal Solid Waste
          • Radioactive Waste
        • Waste Disposal
        • Waste Management Facilities
          • Waste Disposal Sites
        • Wastewater
          • Industrial Wastewater
      • Waste Treatment
        • Solid Waste Treatment
          • Composting
          • Incineration
          • Landfills
        • Waste Treatment Equipment and Facilities
          • Incinerators
          • Ion Exchange Resins
          • Membrane Filters
        • Wastewater Treatment
          • Aeration
          • Anaerobic Digestion
          • Sewage Treatment
      • Water Quality
        • Biochemical Oxygen Demand
        • Chemical Oxygen Demand
        • Dissolved Oxygen
      • Water Treatment
    • Food Technology
      • Cleaning and Sanitation Equipment
        • Commercial Dishwashing Machines
          • Conveyor Rack Type Dishwashers
          • Dump Type Dishwashers
          • Glasswashing Machines
          • Rotary Conveyor Type Dishwashers
          • Stationary Rack Type Dishwashers
        • Food Waste Disposers
        • Food Waste Pulpers
      • Cooking and Warming Equipment
        • Broilers
          • Conveyor Broilers
          • Overfired Broilers
          • Underfired Broilers
        • Cook Tops
        • Cookers
          • Steam Cookers
        • Food Processing Equipment
        • Fryers
        • Griddles
        • Holding Tables and Cabinets
        • Kettles
          • Steam Jacketed Kettles
        • Ovens
          • Convection Ovens
          • Cook-and-Hold Ovens
          • Gas Fired Electric Ovens
          • Microwave Ovens
        • Pans
          • Braising Pans
          • Frying Pans
        • Toasters
      • Food and Beverages
        • Beverages
        • Cereals and Pulses
        • Fruits and Vegetables
        • Meat and Meat Products
        • Milk and Milk Products
      • Food Evaluation Devices
      • Food Processing
        • Food Irradiation
      • Food Safety
        • HACCP
      • Food Service Equipment
      • Food Service Gloves
      • Mechanical Preparation Equipment
        • Food Cutting Machines
        • Food Mixers
        • Food Slicers
        • Kitchen Ventilation Systems
        • Vegetable Peelers
      • Storage and Dispensing Equipment
        • Dispensers
          • Beverage Dispensers
          • Coffee Brewers
          • Ice Dispensers
          • Milk Dispensers
          • Tea Dispensers
        • Storage Equipment
          • Freezers
          • Refrigerators
          • Thaw Cabinets
    • Forensic Science and Engineering
      • Criminalistics
        • Computer Forensics
          • Digital and Multimedia Evidence
        • Crime Scene Investigation
          • Evidence Collection
          • Evidence Documentation
          • Evidence Preservation
        • Document Alteration
          • Forgery
        • Fiber Examination
        • Forensic Ballistics
          • Ammunition
          • Firearms
          • Firearms and Ammunition Examination
          • Gunshot Residues
          • Gunshot Trajectory Reconstruction
        • Forensic Chemistry
          • Explosives and Explosion Analysis
          • Fire Debris and Arson Analysis
          • Paint Analysis
          • Trace Element Analysis
        • Forensic Glass Examination
        • Physical Evidence
          • Impression Evidence
          • Trace Evidence
        • Questioned Document Examination
          • Altered Document Detection
          • Handwriting Identification
          • Indented Writing Restoration
          • Ink Examination
          • Office Equipment Identification
          • Paper Examination
        • Questioned Documents
      • Death Investigation
        • Death
        • Manner of Death
        • Postmortem Interval
      • Forensic Anthropology
        • Fingerprinting
        • Forensic Podiatry
      • Forensic Biology
        • Wildlife Forensics
      • Forensic Engineering
        • Electrical Incidents and Investigation
        • Product Defect Incidents and Investigation
        • Vehicular Incidents and Investigation
      • Forensic Examiner Education and Training
      • Forensic Genetics
        • DNA Typing
          • PCR
        • Genetic Markers
      • Forensic Jurisprudence
        • Crimes
          • Criminal Sex Offenses
        • Criminal Justice System
          • Law Enforcement
        • Criminals
        • Victimology
        • Witness
          • Expert Witness
      • Forensic Odontology
        • Dental Evidences
      • Forensic Pathology
        • Diseases and Conditions
          • Allergic Diseases
          • Cancer and Tumors
          • Nervous System Diseases
          • Pathogenic Diseases
          • Vascular Diseases
        • Wounds and Injuries
          • Bone Trauma
          • Burn Injuries
          • Soft Tissue Injuries
      • Forensic Psychophysiology
        • Forensic Psychiatry
        • Forensic Psychology
          • Psychophysiological Detection of Deception
      • Forensic Serology
        • Body Fluids
          • Blood
          • Urine
        • Serological Investigation
      • Forensic Toxicology
        • Drugs
          • Amphetamines
          • Cocaine
          • Phencyclidine
        • Forensic Drug Analysis
        • Pharmacokinetics
        • Poisoning
    • Geotechnical Engineering
      • Coastal and Offshore Structures
        • Continental Shelf
      • Erosion Control
        • Brushmattress 
        • Fascines
        • Gabions and Revet Mattresses
        • Hydraulic Erosion Control Products
        • Mulches
        • Rolled Erosion Control Products
          • Turf Reinforcement Mats
        • Tackifiers
      • Geofill Materials
        • Backfills
        • Structural Fills
      • Geoinformatics
        • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
        • Geospatial Metadata
      • Geological Classification and Standards
        • Rock Mass Classification System
      • Geological Effects
        • Flood
        • Geomorphology
        • Landslide
        • Seismology
          • Earthquake
          • Seismic Waves
          • Tsunami
        • Tectonics
          • Geological Faults
      • Geophysical Exploration
        • Geophysical Methods
          • Electromagnetic Method
          • Gravity Method
          • Magnetic Method
          • Seismic Method
        • Stratigraphy
        • Sub-Surface Exploration
          • Auger Boring
          • Boreholes
          • Downhole Drilling
          • Drilling
          • Mining and Coring
      • Geostatistical Techniques
      • Geosynthetics
        • Geocomposites
        • Geofoams
        • Geogrids
        • Geomembranes
          • Non-Reinforced Geomembranes
          • Reinforced Geomembranes
        • Geonets
        • Geosynthetic Clay Liners
        • Geotextiles
          • Knitted Geotextiles
          • Nonwoven Geotextiles
      • Geotechnical Structures
        • Embankments
          • Berms and Levees
          • Earth Dams
        • Foundations
          • Deep Foundations
        • Retaining Walls
        • Slopes
        • Trench
        • Tunnels and Underground Structures
      • Hydrological Exploration
        • Aquifers
          • Confined Aquifers
          • Unconfined Aquifers
        • Groundwater Modeling
        • Groundwater Monitoring and Sampling
          • Groundwater Monitoring
          • Groundwater Monitoring Wells
          • Groundwater Sampling
          • Well Construction and Design
          • Well Maintenance and Rehabilitation
        • Groundwater Systems
          • Vadose Zone
          • Water Table
          • Wells
      • Hydrology and Soil Mechanics
        • Soil Compaction
        • Soil Consolidation
        • Soil Erosion
        • Soil Freezing
        • Soil Infiltration
        • Soil Liquefaction
        • Soil Suction
        • Soil Thawing
        • Surface Runoff
      • Remote Sensing
        • Aerial Photography
        • Photogrammetry
        • Remote Sensing by Radar
        • Satellite Imagery
      • Revetments
        • Man-Made Riprap
        • Natural Riprap
      • Soil and Rocks Sampling
      • Soil Stabilization
    • Healthcare and Pharmaceutical Engineering
      • Emergency Medical Services
        • Emergency Equipment
        • Emergency Medical Technician
        • EMS Ambulance Operations
        • EMS Training and Education
      • Health Care Facilities
      • Healthcare Data Analysis
      • Healthcare Documentation
        • Dictation
        • Medical Transcription
        • Speech Recognition Technology
      • Healthcare Information Systems
        • Electronic Health Records
          • Continuity of Care Record
        • Healthcare Data Security Systems
        • Healthcare Document Formats
        • Laboratory Information Management Systems
      • Pharmaceutical Engineering
        • Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing
        • Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Control
        • Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Equipment
          • Process Analytical Technology
    • Imaging Technology
      • Business Copy Products
        • Copiers
          • Electrostatic Copiers
          • Full-Color Copiers
        • Imaging and Printing Consumables
          • Cartridges
          • Inks
          • Ribbons
          • Toners
        • Printers
          • Impact Printers
          • Inkjet Printers
          • Laser Printers
          • Thermal Printers
        • Scanners
        • Typewriters
          • Electric Typewriters
          • Electronic Typewriters
      • Image and Signal Processing
        • Image Denoising
          • Image Resolution and Quality
        • Image Recognition
          • Optical Character Recognition
        • Image Reconstruction
      • Imaging Devices
        • Optical Tracking Systems
        • Photographic Equipment
      • Imaging Standards
        • DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)
        • DICONDE
      • Imaging Techniques
        • 3D Imaging
          • 3D Imaging Systems
        • Imaging
          • Electrostatic Imaging
          • Inkjet Imaging
          • Thermal Imaging
      • Photography
        • Photographic Films
    • Industrial Special Purpose
      • Corrosive Service Applications
        • Anodic Protection
        • Cathodic Protection
      • High-Pressure Services
      • Pressure Tight Applications
        • Gaskets
        • Seals
      • Temperature Services
        • High-Temperature Services
        • Low-Temperature Services
        • Moderate-Temperature Services
    • Instrumentation Engineering
      • Calibration
      • Geophysical Instruments
        • Borehole Logging Devices
        • Consolidometers
        • Groundwater Monitoring Equipment
        • Groundwater Sampling Devices
        • Penetrometers
        • Piezometers
        • Soil Sensors
      • Laboratory Apparatus
        • Laboratory Instruments and Equipment
          • Autoclaves
          • Centrifuges
          • Environmental Chambers
          • Laboratory Ovens
          • Vacuum Chambers
          • Water Baths
          • Weighing Devices
            • Weighing Devices
            • Weighing Devices
        • Laboratory Ware and Supplies
          • Burets
          • Crucibles
          • Filter Papers
          • Flasks
          • Funnels
          • Interchangeable Ground Joints
          • Laboratory Containers
          • Pipets
          • Test Tubes
      • Measuring Instruments
        • Accelerometers
        • Ammeters
        • Calorimeters
          • Bomb Calorimeters
          • Cone Calorimeters
          • Differential Scanning Calorimeters
        • Chemical Analyzers
        • Colorimeters
        • Counters and Detectors
          • Radiation and Particle Detectors
            • Radiation and Particle Detectors
        • Densitometers
        • Dilatometers
        • Dosimeters
        • Durometers
        • Dynamometers
        • Extensometers
        • Falling Weight Deflectometers
        • Fluid Flow Meters
        • Fluorometers
        • Guarded Hot-Plate Apparatus
        • Heat Flow Meters
        • Hydrometers
        • Hygrometers
        • Inclinometers
        • Interferometers
        • Lysimeters
        • Micrometers
        • Nephelometers
        • Nuclear Density Gages
        • Penetrameters
        • Permeameters
          • Constant-Head Permeameters
          • Falling Head Permeameters
          • Flexible Wall Permeameters
          • Rigid Wall Permeameters
        • Ph Meters
        • Photometers
          • Flame Photometers
          • Spectrophotometers
        • Polarimeters
        • Pressure Gages
        • Probes and Sensors
          • Strain Gages
          • Thermocouples
        • Profilograph
        • Profilometers
        • Pycnometers
        • Pyranometers
        • Pyrheliometers
        • Refractometers
        • Relaxometers
        • Retroreflectometers
        • Rheometers
          • Bending Beam Rheometers
          • Dynamic Shear Rheometers
          • Torque Rheometers
        • Spectrometers
          • Atomic Spectrometers
          • Infrared Spectrometers
          • Mass Spectrometers
          • Particle Spectrometers
          • X-Ray Spectrometers
        • Tensiometers
        • Thermo Mechanical Analyzers
        • Thermometers
          • Digital Contact Thermometers
          • Directional Flame Thermometers
          • Liquid-In-Glass Thermometers
          • Radiation Thermometers
          • Resistance Thermometers
        • Time-Domain Reflectometers
        • Tribometers
        • Turbidimeters
        • Viscometers
          • Oscillating Piston Viscometers
          • Rotational Viscometers
          • U-Tube Viscometers
        • Voltmeters
        • Wattmeters
      • Process Control and Monitoring Instruments
        • Fuel Monitors
        • Process Stream Analyzers
        • Programmable Logic Controllers
      • Testing Instruments
        • Abrasion Testers
        • Compression Testing Machines
        • Corrosion Testing Apparatus
        • Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
        • Flash Point Testers
          • Closed Cup Flash Point Testers
          • Open-Cup Flash Point Testers
        • Fracture Testing Apparatus
        • Gyratory Compactors
        • Hardness Testing Machines
          • Barcol Impressor Hardness Tester
          • Webster Hardness Tester
        • Impact Testing Machines
        • Microscopes
          • Electron Microscopes
          • Light Microscopes
        • Samplers
        • Tensile Testing Machines
        • Test Sieves
        • Torque Testing Machines
        • Universal Testing Machines
        • Wind Tunnels
    • IT and Telecommunication
      • IT
        • Artificial Intelligence
          • Artificial Neural Networks
          • Expert Systems
        • Computers and Software
          • Application Software
          • Computer Algorithms and Programs
          • Computer Simulation
          • Computers
          • Software Libraries
          • System Software
        • Information Storage and Retrieval Systems
          • Data Mining
          • Database Management Systems
            • Database Management Systems
            • Database Management Systems
            • Database Management Systems
          • Information Retrieval and Data Automation
          • Storage Devices
        • Networking
          • Network Protocols and Standards
          • Networks
      • Telecommunication
        • Communication Equipment and Systems
        • Data Transmission
        • GPS/GNSS
        • Radio Communication
        • Radio Frequency Identification
        • Telecommunication Cables
    • Language Services and Products
      • Language Products
      • Language Services
        • Language Instruction
        • Language Interpretation
        • Language Test
          • Language Proficiency
          • Language Service Quality
        • Language Translation
      • Standardization and Terminology
        • Standardization
        • Terminology
    • Logistics Management
      • Fleet Management
      • Inventory Management
      • Loading
      • Material Handling and Lifting Equipment
        • Conveyor Systems
        • Cranes
        • Overhead Lifting Equipment and Accessories
      • Material Handling Safety
      • Packaging
        • Child-Resistant Packaging
        • Food Packaging
        • Labeling and Marking
        • Pharmaceutical and Medical Packaging
      • Packaging Machinery
      • Shipment
      • Shipping and Transportation
        • Automatic Guided Vehicles
        • Energy Piping Systems
        • Intelligent Transportation Systems
      • Storage
      • Transport Packaging Materials and Accessories
        • Crates
        • Pallets
        • Primary Barrier Packaging Materials
          • Cushioning Materials
          • Porous Packaging Materials
        • Shipping Containers
          • Corrugated Containers
          • Wooden Boxes
        • Stretch Wrap Films
        • Tapes and Labels
          • Pressure-Sensitive Tapes
    • Marine Engineering
      • Machinery and Piping Systems
      • Marine Safety
      • Marine Vessels
        • Barges
        • Merchant Vessels
        • Naval Ships
        • Unmanned Maritime Vehicle Systems
      • Outfitting and Deck Machinery
        • Guard Rails
        • Marine Decks
        • Marine Doors
      • Shipbuilding and Marine Structures
        • Hulls Structure Elements
        • Marine Engines and Propulsion Systems
        • Marine Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Heating Systems
        • Navigation and Control Equipment
        • Ship Building Structures
        • Shipboard and Marine Electrical Equipment
        • Shipbuilding Materials and Components
    • Mathematics and Natural Sciences
      • Anatomy
        • Cells
        • Musculoskeletal Systems
        • Nervous Systems
        • Organs
      • Atmospheric Science
        • Climatology
          • Global Warming
          • Greenhouse Gases
        • Meteorology
        • Weather
      • Biology
        • Animals
          • Amphibians
          • Canids
          • Rodents
          • Ruminants
        • Aquatic Organisms
        • Bioaerosols
        • Biofilms
        • Bioterrorism
        • Birds
        • Insects
        • Microorganisms
          • Algae
          • Bacteria
          • Fungi
          • Virus
        • Physical Anthropology
          • Anthropometry
        • Plants
      • Chemistry
        • Analytical Chemistry
      • Ecology
        • Ecosystems
          • Aquatic Ecosystem
          • Terrestrial Ecosystem
        • Population Ecology
      • Geography
      • Mathematics
        • Numerical Methods
          • Finite Element Method
        • Statistical Models
      • Pathology
      • Physics
        • Condensed Matter Physics
        • Mechanics
    • Mechanical Engineering
      • Equipment and Machinery
        • Actuators
        • Furnaces and Kilns
        • Machine Tools
        • Mixers and Blenders
      • Fluid Systems and Components
        • Fans, Blowers and Compressors
          • Fans
        • Fluid Storage Devices
        • Hoses
        • Hydraulic Systems
        • Pumps
          • Centrifugal Pumps
            • Centrifugal Pumps
          • Positive Displacement Pumps
            • Positive Displacement Pumps
      • HVAC Systems
        • Air Conditioning Systems
        • Radiant Barriers
      • Installation, Maintenance and Repair
        • Condition Monitoring
        • Lubrication
          • Boundary Lubrication
      • Mechanical Components
        • Anchors
        • Bearings
          • Ball Bearings
          • Journal Bearings
          • Roller Bearings
        • Bushings and Sleeves
        • Chains
        • Fasteners
          • Bolts, Screws and Studs
          • Clamps
          • Nails, Spikes and Staples
          • Nuts
          • Retaining Rings
          • Rivets
          • Washers
        • Flanges
        • Gears
        • Mechanical Joints
          • Bonded Joints
          • Expansion Joints
          • Mechanical Splices
          • Welded Joints
        • Nozzles
        • Ropes and Cables
        • Rotors
        • Shafts and Couplings
        • Springs
          • Box Springs
          • Disk Springs
          • Torsion Springs
          • Valve Springs
        • Valves
          • Control Valves
          • Multi-Turn Valves
          • Quarter-Turn Valves
          • Self-Actuated Valves
    • Nanotechnology
      • Nanomaterials
        • Nanoparticles
    • Nuclear Technology
      • Dosimetry Systems
        • Chemical Dosimetry Systems
        • Film Dosimetry Systems
        • Routine Dosimetry Systems
        • Thermoluminescent Dosimetry Systems
      • Nuclear Facility Operations
        • Nuclear Accidents
        • Nuclear Facility Decommissioning
        • Nuclear Fuel Transportation and Storage
        • Nuclear Reactor Regulation
        • Reactor Pressure Vessel Surveillance Program
      • Nuclear Reactor Components
        • Fuel Rods
        • Reactor Core
      • Nuclear Reactor Materials
        • Fuel Cladding
        • Moderators
        • Neutron Absorbers
        • Reactor Coolants
        • Reactor Shielding
      • Nuclear Reactors
        • Heavy Water Reactors
        • Light Water Reactors
        • Research and Test Reactors
      • Radiation Processing
    • Petroleum Engineering
      • Oil and Gas Drilling
        • Coring
        • Drilling Rigs
          • Drilling Risers
          • Oil Platforms Design and Construction
          • Subsea Production Systems
        • Oil and Gas Drilling, Subsea
        • Oil and Gas Drilling, Surface Off-Shore
        • Oil and Gas Drilling, Surface On-Shore
      • Oil and Gas Occupational Heath and Safety
        • Oil and Gas Pipeline Safety
        • Process Safety
      • Oil and Gas Pipelines, Shipping and Storage
        • Custody Transfer
        • Oil and Gas Pipelines
      • Petroleum Engineering, Subsea
      • Petroleum Engineering, Surface Off-Shore
      • Petroleum Engineering, Surface On-Shore
      • Refining and Marketing
        • Petroleum Marketing and Distribution
          • Distribution Terminals and Filling Stations
          • Marine Transfer Operations
        • Petroleum Refining and Natural Gas Processing
          • Petroleum Refineries
      • Well Completion and Servicing
        • Well Completion
          • Well Cementing
          • Well Completion Systems
            • Well Completion Systems
            • Well Completion Systems
            • Well Completion Systems
            • Well Completion Systems
            • Well Completion Systems
            • Well Completion Systems
        • Well Completion and Servicing, Subsea
        • Well Completion and Servicing, Surface
        • Well Decommissioning
        • Well Servicing
          • Well-Service Equipment
        • Well Stimulation
          • Hydraulic Fracturing
    • Quality and Statistics
      • Acceptance Criteria and Testing
        • Acceptance Criteria
        • Acceptance Testing
        • Proficiency Test
        • Round Robin Test
        • Ruggedness Testing
      • Accreditation and Certification
        • Accreditation
          • Laboratory Accreditation
        • Accreditation Systems and Practices
        • Inspection and Verification
          • In-Service Inspection
        • Qualification and Certification
          • Personnel Certification
      • Data Collection and Analysis
      • Design of Experiments
      • Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
      • Measurement Systems Analysis
      • Quality Assurance
        • Quality Control
        • Quality Planning
      • Reliability
      • Sampling
        • Probability Sampling
          • Random Sampling
          • Systematic Sampling
        • Sampling Plan
      • Statistical Analysis
        • Reliability Analysis
      • Test Method Evaluation
        • Accuracy
        • Error
        • Measurement Uncertainty
        • Precision and Bias
        • Repeatability and Reproducibility
        • Sensitivity
        • Validation
      • Total Quality Management
        • Process Capability
        • Process Understanding
        • Statistical Quality Control
          • Analysis of Variance
          • Correlation Analysis
          • Error Analysis
          • Multi-Variate Analysis
          • Regression Analysis
        • Statistical Tools
          • Control Charts
    • Railway Engineering
      • Railroad Materials
        • Railroad Ballasts
        • Rails and Ties
      • Railway Components
      • Railway Rolling Stock
        • Tractive Stock
          • Locomotives
        • Trailing Stock
          • Rail Cars
      • Railway Services
        • Electric Railway Services
        • Locomotive Hauled Railway Services
        • Mass Transit Services
    • Safety and Security
      • Fire Safety
        • Fire Hazard Assessment
          • Fire Hazards
        • Fire Prevention
        • Fire Protection Systems and Equipment
          • Fire Extinguishers
          • Fire-Resistant Materials
          • Fireproofing
          • Firestops
        • Fire Risk Assessment
      • Homeland Security
        • Airport Security
        • Arms and Ammunition
        • CBRNE Sensors and Detectors
          • Handheld Point Chemical Vapor Detectors
          • HAZMAT Detectors
          • Metal Detectors
        • Detention and Correctional Facilities
        • Emergency Management
          • Emergency Medical Responders
          • Emergency Response
          • Incident Command System
          • Incident Management
        • Personnel Decontamination Systems
        • Security Systems and Equipment
          • Electronic Security Systems
          • Locking Devices
          • Perimeter Security and Vehicle Barriers
          • Proximity Warning and Alert Systems
          • Security Seals
          • Vaults
      • Occupational Health and Safety
        • Chemical Safety and Hazard Communication
          • Chemical Hazards
            • Chemical Hazards
          • MSDS
          • REACH
        • Dust Explosion
        • Electrical and Arc Flash Safety
        • Ergonomics
        • Occupational Exposure
          • Workplace Atmospheres
        • Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
        • Occupational Safety Training
        • Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
          • Confined Space Safety
          • Oxygen Systems
        • Safety Markings
      • Pedestrian and Walkway Safety
        • Pavement Markers
        • Sidewalk Safety
        • Walkway Surfaces
      • Personal Protective Equipment
        • Body Armor
        • Electrical Protective Equipment
        • Eye and Face Protective Equipment
        • Fall Protection Equipment
        • Foot Protective Equipment
        • Hand Protective Equipment
        • Personal Protective Clothing
          • Chemical Protective Clothing
          • Radiation Protection Clothing
          • Thermal Protective Clothing
        • Respiratory Protective Equipment
      • Search and Rescue
        • Rescue Animals and Training
        • Rescue Operations
          • Ice Rescue
          • Land Rescue
          • Mountain Rescue
          • Urban Search and Rescue
          • Water Rescue
        • Rescue Personnel and Training
          • Hazard Awareness
        • Rescue Systems and Equipment
      • Traffic Safety
    • Sports and Recreation
      • Recreational Facilities and Equipment
        • Amusement Rides and Devices
          • Amusement Railway Rides and Devices
          • Patron-Directed Amusement Rides
          • Water-Related Amusement Rides
        • Camping Softgoods
          • Backpacks
          • Sleeping Bags
          • Tents
        • Recreational Basketball Equipment
        • Recreational Snow Sports
        • Treestands
      • Sport Biomechanics
        • Sports Injuries
      • Sports and Equipment
        • Aerial Adventure Sports and Equipment
        • Airsoft and Equipment
          • Airsoft
          • Airsoft Guns
        • Archery and Equipment
          • Archery
          • Archery Equipment
        • Athletics and Equipment
          • Athletic Footwear
          • Athletics
          • Pole Vault
        • Baseball and Equipment
          • Baseball
          • Baseball Equipment
        • Bicycles and Equipment
          • Bicycle Equipment
          • Bicycle Racing
          • Bicycles
        • Fitness Equipment
          • Elliptical Trainers
          • Inclusive Fitness Equipment
          • Treadmills
        • Football and Equipment
          • Football
          • Football Equipment
        • Gymnastics and Wrestling Equipment
          • Wrestling
        • Hockey and Equipment
        • Horse Sports and Equipment
          • Body Protectors
          • Horse Sports
        • Ice Hockey and Equipment
          • Ice Hockey
        • Lacrosse Equipment
        • Martial Arts
        • Motor Sports
        • Paintball and Equipment
          • Paintball
          • Paintball Equipment
        • Parasailing and Equipment
        • Skating
          • Ice Skating
          • Roller Skating
        • Skiing and Snowboarding Equipment
          • Ski Bindings and Retention Devices
          • Skiing
          • Skis and Boots
          • Snowboards
        • Snow Sports and Equipment
          • Alpine Skiing
          • Snowboarding
        • Soccer and Equipment
          • Soccer
          • Soccer Equipment
        • Softball and Equipment
          • Softball
          • Softball Equipment
        • Surfing and Equipment
        • Trampolines and Equipment
          • Trampoline Courts
          • Trampolines
          • Trampolines Equipment
      • Sports Facilities and Playing Surfaces
        • Playing Surfaces
          • Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems
          • Natural Playing Surfaces
        • Sports Facilities
          • Skatepark
      • Sports Psychology
      • Sports Safety and Protective Equipment
        • Protective Equipment
          • Eye Protectors
          • Face Protectors
          • Helmets
          • Mouth Protectors
        • Sports Safety
      • Sports Training and Education
  • Materials
    • Biochemicals
      • Alkaloids and Flavanoids
        • Alkaloids
      • Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
        • Amino Acids
          • Nonessential Amino Acids
        • Proteins
          • Conjugated Proteins
            • Conjugated Proteins
            • Conjugated Proteins
          • Simple Proteins
            • Simple Proteins
          • Structural Proteins
            • Structural Proteins
      • Biological Factors
        • Antibodies
        • Biological Pigments
        • Biological Toxins
        • Immunogens and Antigens
      • Biopolymers
        • Chitin
        • Lignin
        • Plant Gums
        • Tannin
      • Carbohydrates
        • Monosaccharides
          • Arabinose
          • Galactose
          • Xylose
        • Polysaccharides
          • Cellulose
          • Cellulose Derivatives
            • Cellulose Derivatives
            • Cellulose Derivatives
          • Starch
      • Enzymes and Coenzymes
        • Coenzymes
        • Enzymes
          • Hydrolases
          • Transferases
      • Lipids
        • Fats and Oils
          • Animal Fats and Oils
          • Marine Fats and Oils
          • Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils
          • Vegetable Fats and Oils
        • Fatty Acids
          • Saturated
        • Glycerides
          • Diglycerides
          • Monoglycerides
          • Triglycerides
      • Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides and Nucleosides
        • Nucleic Acids
          • DNA
        • Nucleosides
      • Terpenes
      • Vitamins
        • Fat Soluble Vitamins
          • Vitamin E
    • Cementitious Materials
      • Admixtures
        • Chemical Admixtures
          • Accelerating Admixtures
          • Air-Entraining Admixtures
          • Cold-Weather Admixtures
          • Coloring Admixtures
          • Set-Retarding Admixtures
          • Water-Reducing Admixtures
        • Mineral Admixtures
          • Pozzolans
            • Pozzolans
            • Pozzolans
            • Pozzolans
            • Pozzolans
      • Aggregates
        • Coarse Aggregates
        • Fine Aggregates
        • Recycled Concrete Aggregates
      • Asphalt Mixtures
        • Asphalt Cement
          • Cutback Asphalt
          • Emulsified Asphalt
        • Asphalt Concrete
        • Hot Mix Asphalt
        • Warm Mix Asphalt
      • Cement
        • Blended Hydraulic Cement
        • Hydraulic Cement
          • Masonry Cement
          • Natural Cement
          • Portland Cement
        • Special Hydraulic Cement
          • Expansive Cement
          • Oil Well Cements
          • Plastic Cement
          • Rapid Hardening Cement
            • Rapid Hardening Cement
      • Concrete
        • High and Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
          • High-Density Concrete
          • Roller-Compacted Concrete
          • Self-Consolidating Concrete
        • Light-Weight Concrete
          • Cellular Light-Weight Concrete
          • Light-Weight Insulating Concrete
        • Pervious Concrete
        • Polymer Concrete
        • Polymer-Modified Concrete
          • Polymer Cement Concrete
        • Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
        • Ready-Mix Concrete
        • Reinforced Concrete
          • Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
            • Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
        • Returned Fresh Concrete
        • Shotcrete
          • Dry-Mix Shotcrete
          • Wet-Mix Shotcrete
      • Concrete Products
        • Concrete Pipes
          • Concrete Drain Tiles
          • Non-Reinforced Concrete Pipes
          • Perforated Concrete Pipes
          • Reinforced Concrete Pipes
        • Precast Concrete Products
          • Architectural Products
            • Architectural Products
          • Structural Products
            • Structural Products
            • Structural Products
            • Structural Products
            • Structural Products
            • Structural Products
            • Structural Products
        • Prestressed Concrete Products
      • Controlled Low-Strength Materials
      • Fiber-Reinforced Cement Products
        • Asbestos-Cement Products and Accessories
          • Asbestos Sheets
            • Asbestos Sheets
          • Asbestos-Cement Pipes
        • Non-Asbestos Fiber-Reinforced Cement Products
      • Gypsum Products
        • Calcined Gypsum
        • Glass-Reinforced Gypsum
        • Gypsum Panel Products
          • Gypsum Boards
            • Gypsum Boards
            • Gypsum Boards
            • Gypsum Boards
            • Gypsum Boards
            • Gypsum Boards
            • Gypsum Boards
          • Reinforced Gypsum Panels
            • Reinforced Gypsum Panels
            • Reinforced Gypsum Panels
      • Lime
        • Hydrated Lime
        • Hydraulic Lime
        • Lime Putty
        • Quicklime
      • Mortars and Grouts
        • Chemical-Resistant Mortars and Grouts
          • Resin Grouts
          • Resin Mortars
          • Tile Grouts
        • Grouts
        • Mortars
      • Plasters
        • Gypsum Plasters
          • Gypsum Casting Plasters
          • Gypsum Molding Plasters
          • Keene's Cement
          • Veneer Plasters
        • Portland Cement Plasters
          • Stucco
    • Chemicals -- Inorganic
      • Chemical Compounds
        • Aluminates
        • Arsenides, Selenides and Tellurides
          • Gallium Arsenide
        • Borates and Borides
          • Lithium Metaborate
        • Carbonates, Bicarbonates and Carbides
          • Boron Carbide
          • Calcium Carbide
          • Calcium Carbonate
          • Silicon Carbide
          • Sodium Bicarbonate
          • Sodium Carbonate
          • Tungsten Carbide
        • Chromates and Dichromates
          • Lead Chromate
          • Lead Silicochromate
          • Potassium Dichromate
          • Strontium Chromate
          • Zinc Chromate
        • Coordination Compounds
        • Cyanides, Cyanates and Thiocyanates
          • Hydrogen Cyanide
        • Halides
          • Chlorides
            • Chlorides
            • Chlorides
            • Chlorides
            • Chlorides
            • Chlorides
          • Fluorides
            • Fluorides
            • Fluorides
            • Fluorides
        • Hydrides
          • Ammonia
          • Calcium Hydride
          • Silicon Hydride
          • Sodium Borohydride
        • Hypochlorites
          • Calcium Hypochlorite
          • Sodium Hypochlorite
        • Mineral Acids
          • Binary Acids
            • Binary Acids
            • Binary Acids
          • Ternary Acids
            • Ternary Acids
            • Ternary Acids
            • Ternary Acids
            • Ternary Acids
            • Ternary Acids
        • Nitrates, Nitrides and Nitrites
          • Mercury Nitrate
          • Silicon Nitride
        • Oxalates
          • Calcium Oxalate
        • Oxides and Hydroxides
          • Hydroxides
            • Hydroxides
            • Hydroxides
            • Hydroxides
            • Hydroxides
          • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
            • Metal Oxides
          • Nitrogen Oxides
            • Nitrogen Oxides
          • Oxocarbon
            • Oxocarbon
            • Oxocarbon
          • Silica
          • Sulfur Oxides
            • Sulfur Oxides
        • Permanganates
          • Potassium Permanganate
        • Peroxides
          • Hydrogen Peroxide
        • Phosphates, Pyrophosphates, Phosphides and Phosphites
          • Calcium Phosphate
            • Calcium Phosphate
          • Sodium Pyrophosphate
          • Zinc Hydroxy Phosphite
          • Zinc Phosphate
        • Silicides, Silicates and Silanes
          • Aluminum Silicate
          • Calcium Borosilicate
          • Calcium Silicate
          • Magnesium Silicate
          • Molybdenum Silicide
          • Tantalum Silicide
          • Titanium Silicide
          • Tungsten Silicide
        • Sulfates, Thiosulfates, Sulfites and Sulfides
          • Ammonium Sulfate
          • Barium Sulfate
          • Cadmium Sulfide
          • Calcium Sulfate
          • Copper Sulfate
          • Hydrogen Sulfide
          • Magnesium Sulfate
          • Sodium Sulfate
      • Chemical Elements
        • Alkali Metals
          • Lithium
          • Sodium
        • Alkaline Earth Metals
          • Beryllium
          • Calcium
        • Halogens
          • Bromine
          • Chlorine
          • Iodine
        • Metalloids
          • Arsenic
          • Boron
          • Germanium
          • Silicon
        • Noble Gases
          • Argon
          • Helium
            • Helium
          • Krypton
          • Radon
          • Xenon
        • Non-Metals
          • Carbon
          • Hydrogen
          • Nitrogen
          • Oxygen
            • Oxygen
            • Oxygen
          • Phosphorus
          • Sulfur
        • Rare Earth Elements
          • Actinides
            • Actinides
            • Actinides
          • Lanthanides
      • Isotopes
        • Non-Radioactive Isotopes
          • Boron-10
        • Radioactive Isotopes
          • Barium-140
          • Californium-252
          • Cesium-137
          • Cobalt-60
          • Iridium-192
          • Iron-55
          • Iron-59
          • Lead-210
          • Neodymium-148
          • Neptunium-237
          • Neptunium-239
          • Radiocarbon
            • Radiocarbon
          • Radioiodine
            • Radioiodine
          • Radiostrontium
          • Radium-226
          • Silver-110
          • Strontium-89
          • Strontium-90
          • Sulfur-32
          • Technetium-99
          • Tritium
    • Chemicals -- Organic -- Aromatic
      • Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
        • Alkenyl Substituted
          • alpha-Methylstyrene
          • Styrene
        • Alkyl Substituted
          • Cumene
          • Ethylbenzene
          • Toluene
          • Xylene
            • Xylene
            • Xylene
            • Xylene
        • Benzene
      • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
        • Small Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
          • Naphthalene
    • Chemicals -- Organic -- Halogenated
      • Brominated Hydrocarbons
        • Bromocarbons
          • 1,2-Dibromoethane
          • n-Propyl Bromide
      • CFCs, HCFCs and Halons
        • Chlorofluorocarbons
          • 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane
          • Chlorotrifluoroethylene
          • Trichlorotrifluoroethane
        • Halons
          • 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane
          • 2-Bromo-3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-Propene
          • Bromochlorodifluoromethane
          • Bromotrifluoromethane
      • Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
        • Alkyl Chlorides
          • 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
          • Carbon Tetrachloride
          • Chlordane
          • Chloroform
          • Ethylene Dichloride
          • Heptachlor
          • Methylene Chloride
          • Perchloroethylene
          • Trichloroethylene
        • Aryl Chlorides
          • Chlorobenzene
        • Polychlorinated Biphenyls
      • Fluorinated Hydrocarbons
        • Fluorocarbons
          • Tetrafluoromethane
        • Hydrofluorocarbons
          • 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
          • 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane
          • 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane
          • Pentafluoroethane
          • Trifluoromethane
      • Halocarbon Blends
        • HCFC Blend B
        • HFC Blend B
    • Chemicals -- Organic -- Other
      • Alcohols and Phenols
        • Alcohols
          • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Polyols
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Polyols
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Polyols
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Polyols
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Polyols
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Polyols
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Polyols
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Polyols
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Polyols
          • Aromatic Alcohols
          • Primary Alcohols
            • Primary Alcohols
            • Primary Alcohols
            • Primary Alcohols
            • Primary Alcohols
            • Primary Alcohols
            • Primary Alcohols
          • Secondary Alcohols
            • Secondary Alcohols
            • Secondary Alcohols
            • Secondary Alcohols
          • Tertiary Alcohols
        • Phenols
          • Monohydric Phenols
            • Monohydric Phenols
            • Monohydric Phenols
          • Polyhydric Phenols
            • Polyhydric Phenols
            • Polyhydric Phenols
            • Polyhydric Phenols
            • Polyhydric Phenols
      • Aldehydes, Ketones and Derivatives
        • Aldehydes
          • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Aldehydes
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Aldehydes
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Aldehydes
          • Aromatic Aldehydes
            • Aromatic Aldehydes
        • Hydrazines
        • Ketals and Acetals
          • Acetals
        • Ketones
          • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ketones
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ketones
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ketones
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ketones
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ketones
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ketones
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ketones
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ketones
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ketones
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ketones
          • Aromatic Ketones
      • Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
        • Alkanes
          • Cycloalkanes
            • Cycloalkanes
          • Open-Chain Alkanes
            • Open-Chain Alkanes
            • Open-Chain Alkanes
            • Open-Chain Alkanes
            • Open-Chain Alkanes
            • Open-Chain Alkanes
            • Open-Chain Alkanes
            • Open-Chain Alkanes
            • Open-Chain Alkanes
        • Alkenes
          • Cycloalkenes
          • Open-Chain Alkenes
            • Open-Chain Alkenes
            • Open-Chain Alkenes
            • Open-Chain Alkenes
            • Open-Chain Alkenes
        • Alkynes
          • Acetylene
      • Carboxylic Acid and Derivatives
        • Acid Anhydrides
          • Acetic Anhydride
          • Maleic Anhydride
          • Phthalic Anhydride
        • Amides
          • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Amides
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Amides
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Amides
        • Carboxylic Acids
          • Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
            • Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
          • Monocarboxylic Acids
            • Monocarboxylic Acids
            • Monocarboxylic Acids
          • Polycarboxylic Acids
            • Polycarboxylic Acids
        • Esters
          • Acetates
            • Acetates
            • Acetates
            • Acetates
            • Acetates
            • Acetates
            • Acetates
            • Acetates
            • Acetates
            • Acetates
            • Acetates
          • Acrylates and Methacrylates
            • Acrylates and Methacrylates
            • Acrylates and Methacrylates
            • Acrylates and Methacrylates
            • Acrylates and Methacrylates
            • Acrylates and Methacrylates
          • Aliphatic Esters, Others
          • Benzoates
            • Benzoates
          • Phthalates
            • Phthalates
            • Phthalates
            • Phthalates
      • Ethers and Peroxides
        • Ethers
          • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ethers
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ethers
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ethers
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Ethers
          • Glycol Ethers
            • Glycol Ethers
            • Glycol Ethers
            • Glycol Ethers
            • Glycol Ethers
            • Glycol Ethers
        • Peroxides
          • Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide
          • Dicumyl Peroxide
      • Heterocyclic Compounds
        • Furans
        • Imidazoles, Thiazoles and Oxazoles
        • Indoles
        • Pyridines
        • Quinolines and Isoquinolines
      • Organic Nitrogen Compounds
        • Amines
          • Aromatic Polyamines
            • Aromatic Polyamines
          • Aromatic, Primary
            • Aromatic, Primary
          • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
        • Carbamates
          • Carbofuran
        • Carbamides and Guanidines
          • Guanidines
            • Guanidines
        • Isocyanates
          • Aromatic Isocyanates
            • Aromatic Isocyanates
            • Aromatic Isocyanates
            • Aromatic Isocyanates
        • Nitriles
          • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Nitriles
            • Aliphatic and Alicyclic, Nitriles
        • Nitro Compounds
          • Aromatic Nitro Compounds
            • Aromatic Nitro Compounds
      • Organochlorine Compounds
      • Organometallic Compounds
        • Tributyltin
      • Organophosphorus Compounds
        • Tricresyl Phosphate
      • Organosilicon Compounds
      • Organosulfur Compounds
        • Sulfides and Disulfides
        • Sulfonamides
        • Sulfonates, Sulfates and Sulfites
        • Sulfonic Acids
        • Thiols
        • Thiones
    • Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas
      • Alternative Fuels
        • Biofuels
          • Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends
          • Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene
        • Fuel Oxygenates
          • Fuel Butanol
          • Fuel Ethanol
          • Fuel Methanol
        • Synthetic Fuels
          • Shale Oils
      • Coal and Coke
        • Coal
          • Anthracite
          • Bituminous
          • Lignite
          • Subbituminous
        • Coal Gas
        • Coal Tar
        • Coke
      • Non-Petroleum Based Lubricants and Fluids
        • High-Performance Fluids and Solids
        • Metal Working Fluids
          • Metal Forming Fluids
          • Metal Removal Fluids
        • Non-Lubricating Process Fluids
          • Drilling and Well Completion Fluids
          • Heat Transfer Fluids
          • Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids
            • Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids
          • Quench Oils
        • Way Lubricants
      • Petroleum and Natural Gas
        • Crude Oil
        • Natural Gas
        • Natural Gasoline
      • Petroleum Products
        • Asphalt, Pitch, Tar and Bitumen
        • Carbon and Graphite Products
          • Activated Carbon
            • Activated Carbon
            • Activated Carbon
            • Activated Carbon
            • Activated Carbon
          • Carbon Black
          • Graphite
          • Manufactured Carbon
        • Fuel and Lubricant Additives
        • Gaseous Fuels
          • Hydrogen Fuels
          • Liquefied Natural Gas
          • Liquefied Petroleum Gas
        • Liquid Fuels
          • Aviation Fuels
            • Aviation Fuels
            • Aviation Fuels
          • Burner Fuels
          • Heating and Lighting Fuel Oils
            • Heating and Lighting Fuel Oils
            • Heating and Lighting Fuel Oils
          • Marine Fuels
          • Motor Fuels
            • Motor Fuels
            • Motor Fuels
            • Motor Fuels
          • Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
        • Lubricating Greases
        • Lubricating Oils
          • Automatic Transmission Fluids
          • Automotive Engine Oils
          • Gear Oils
          • Hydraulic Fluids
            • Hydraulic Fluids
          • Industrial and Railway Engine Oils
          • Turbine Oils
            • Turbine Oils
            • Turbine Oils
        • Mineral Oils
          • Pharmaceutical White Oils
          • White Mineral Oils
        • Naphtha and Naphtha Derivatives
        • Petrochemicals
        • Petroleum Coke
          • Calcined Petroleum Coke
          • Green Petroleum Coke
          • Raw Petroleum Coke
        • Petroleum Oils for Rubber
          • Rubber Extender Oils
          • Rubber Processing Oils
        • Petroleum Waxes and Petrolatums
          • Microcrystalline Wax
          • Paraffin Wax
          • Petrolatum
        • Recycled Products
          • Used Oils
        • Residual Fuel Oils
    • Composites
      • Carbon Matrix Composites
        • Fiber-Reinforced Carbon
          • Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Carbon
      • Ceramic Matrix Composites
        • Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Carbide
          • Ceramic Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Carbide
            • Ceramic Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Carbide
      • Composite Products
        • Pipes and Tubes
        • Plates
        • Rods and Bars
        • Shells
        • Tapes
      • Fabric-Reinforced Composites
        • Braided Composites
      • Fiber-Reinforced Composites
        • Ceramic Fiber-Reinforced Composites
          • Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites
      • Metallic Matrix Composites
        • Cemented Carbides
        • Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum
          • Ceramic Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum
            • Ceramic Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum
      • Polymer Matrix Composites
        • Reinforced Plastics
          • Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
            • Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
          • Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
            • Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
            • Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
            • Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
          • Metal Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
          • Polymer Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
            • Polymer Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
      • Pultruded Composites
      • Structural Composites
        • Composite Laminates
          • Cross-Ply Laminates
        • Sandwich Structures
          • Sandwich Beams
          • Sandwich Panels
            • Sandwich Panels
            • Sandwich Panels
    • Fabrics and Leather
      • Clothing
        • Apparel
          • Denim Wear
          • Kid's Apparel
          • Men's Apparel
          • Sportswear
          • Women's Apparel
        • Co-Ordinates
          • Blankets
          • Handkerchiefs
          • Scarfs
          • Ties
        • Home Furnishings
          • Curtains and Draperies
          • Pile Floor Coverings
          • Slip Covers
        • Safety and Protective Clothing
          • Inflatable Restraints
          • Rain Wear
      • Fabrics
        • Coated Fabrics
          • Plastic-Coated Fabrics
          • Rubber-Coated Fabrics
        • Knitted Fabrics
        • Nonwoven Fabrics
        • Tire Cord Fabrics
        • Woven Fabrics
      • Fibers and Yarns
        • Man-Made Fibers
          • Carbon Fibers
          • Ceramic Fibers
          • Glass Fibers
          • Polymer Fibers
            • Polymer Fibers
            • Polymer Fibers
            • Polymer Fibers
            • Polymer Fibers
          • Regenerated Cellulose Fibers
            • Regenerated Cellulose Fibers
          • Steel Fibers
        • Natural Fibers
          • Animal Fibers
            • Animal Fibers
            • Animal Fibers
            • Animal Fibers
          • Mineral Fibers
            • Mineral Fibers
          • Vegetable Fibers
            • Vegetable Fibers
            • Vegetable Fibers
        • Yarns
          • Filament Yarns
          • Spun Yarns
      • Leather
        • Raw Skins and Hides
        • Tanned Leather
          • Vegetable Tanned Leather
          • Wet Blue
          • Wet White
      • Leather Products
        • Footwear
        • Leather Gloves
    • Fissile Materials
      • Fertile Materials
        • Americium Isotopes
          • Americium-241
        • Mixed Oxide Fuel
          • Gadolinium-Uranium Oxide
          • Uranium-Plutonium Dioxide
        • Plutonium Compounds and Isotopes
          • Plutonium Chloride
          • Plutonium Nitrate
          • Plutonium Oxide
            • Plutonium Oxide
          • Plutonium-238
          • Plutonium-240
          • Plutonium-242
        • Thorium Isotopes
          • Thorium-230
          • Thorium-232
        • Uranium Compounds and Isotopes
          • Uranium Hexafluoride
          • Uranium Oxide
            • Uranium Oxide
            • Uranium Oxide
            • Uranium Oxide
          • Uranium-232
          • Uranium-234
          • Uranium-236
          • Uranium-238
          • Uranyl Nitrate
      • Nuclear Spent Fuel
      • Special Nuclear Materials
        • Plutonium Fuel
          • Plutonium-239
          • Plutonium-241
        • Uranium Fuel
          • Uranium-233
          • Uranium-235
    • Glass and Ceramics
      • Advanced Ceramics
        • Bioceramics
      • Clay Products
        • Structural Clay Products
          • Ceramic Tiles
          • Clay Drain Tiles
          • Clay Flue Liners
          • Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
          • Vitrified Clay Pipes
        • Whitewares
          • Tablewares
      • Glass
        • Oxide Glass
          • Borosilicate Glass
          • Lead Glass
          • Soda-Lime Glass
      • Glass Products
        • Flat Glass
          • Annealed Glass
          • Architectural Glass
          • Chemically Strengthened Glass
          • Heat-Strengthened Glass
          • Laminated Glass
          • Tempered Glass
        • Glass Beads
        • Glass Containers
        • Glass Panels
        • Glass Pipes and Tubes
        • Glass Tablewares
        • Insulating Glass
        • Laboratory Glasswares
        • Sealing Glass
      • Glass-Ceramics
        • Bioactive Glass-Ceramics
      • Recycled Glass
        • Glass Cullet
      • Refractories
        • Acidic Refractories
          • Alumina Refractories
          • Fireclay Refractories
            • Fireclay Refractories
            • Fireclay Refractories
          • Silica Refractories
        • Basic Refractories
          • Chrome Refractories
          • Chrome-Magnesia Refractories
          • Dolomite Refractories
          • Magnesia-Carbon Refractories
          • Magnesia-Chrome Refractories
          • Magnesite Refractories
        • Neutral Refractories
          • Alumina-Zirconia-Silica Refractories
          • Carbon Refractories
          • Mullite Refractories
          • Zircon Refractories
      • Refractory Products
        • Monolithic Refractories
          • Castable Refractories
          • Plastic Refractories
          • Ramming Mixes
          • Refractory Mortars
        • Refractory Bricks and Shapes
          • Refractory Bricks
          • Refractory Shapes
    • Metals -- Aluminum and Alloys
      • Aluminum
      • Aluminum Alloy Products
        • Castings
        • Crude/Semi-Finished Products
          • Billets, Cakes and Blooms
          • Ingots
          • Metal Powders
          • Slabs
        • Flat Products
          • Plates
          • Sheet, Strips and Foils
        • Forgings
        • Long Products
          • Bars and Rods
          • Wires
        • Metallic-Coated Products
          • Anodized
        • Profiles
          • Angles
          • Beams
          • Channels
          • Tees/Zees
        • Tubular Products
          • Corrugated Pipes and Tubes
          • Seamless Pipes and Tubes
          • Welded Pipes and Tubes
      • Aluminum Alloys
        • Heat Treatable Alloys
          • Aluminum-Copper Alloys
          • Aluminum-Copper-Silicon Alloys
          • Aluminum-Magnesium-Silicon Alloys
          • Aluminum-Zinc Alloys
        • Non-Heat Treatable Alloys
          • Aluminum-Magnesium Alloys
          • Aluminum-Manganese Alloys
          • Aluminum-Silicon Alloys
          • Aluminum-Tin Alloys
    • Metals -- Copper and Alloys
      • Copper
        • Blister Copper
        • Refined Copper
          • Deoxidized Copper
          • Oxygen Free Copper
          • Tough Pitch Copper
      • Copper Alloys
        • Brass
          • Admiralty Brass
          • Aluminum Brass
          • Bismuth Brass
          • Cartridge Brass
          • Commercial Bronze
          • Free-Cutting Brass
          • Gilding Metal
          • Jewelry Bronze
          • Leaded Brass
          • Muntz Metal
          • Naval Brass
          • Nickel Silver
          • Red Brass
          • Silicon Brass
          • Tin Brass
          • Yellow Brass
        • Bronze
          • Aluminum Bronze
          • Architectural Bronze
          • Bearing Bronze
          • Gear Bronze
          • Leaded Bronze
          • Manganese Bronze
          • Phosphor Bronze
          • Silicon Bronze
          • Spinodal Bronze
          • Tin Bronze
          • Tungum Alloys
        • Copper-Nickel Alloys
        • Copper-Silicon Alloys
        • High-Copper Alloys
          • Beryllium Copper
          • Chromium Copper
          • Copper-Iron Alloys
          • Copper-Tellurium Alloys
          • Zirconium Copper
      • Copper Products
        • Castings
        • Coated Products
          • Metallic-Coated/Clad Products
          • Pre-Patinated Products
        • Crude/Semi-Finished Products
          • Billets, Cakes and Blooms
          • Cathodes
          • Ingots
          • Metal Powders
          • Slabs
        • Flat Products
          • Plates and Disks
          • Sheet, Strips and Coils
        • Forgings
        • Long Products
          • Bars and Rods
          • Wires
        • Tubular Products
          • Seamless Tubes and Pipes
          • Welded Tubes and Pipes
      • Master Alloys and Alloying Additives
        • Ferro Copper
    • Metals -- Iron and Alloys
      • Cast Iron
        • Alloy Cast Iron
        • Ductile Cast Iron
        • Gray Cast Iron
        • Malleable Cast Iron
        • White Cast Iron
      • Ferroalloys and Alloying Additives
        • Alloying Additives
        • Ferroalloys
      • Iron and Steel Products
        • Castings
        • Crude/Semi-Finished Products
          • Billets and Blooms
          • Ingots
          • Metal Powders
          • Pig Iron
          • Slabs
          • Wrought Iron
        • Flat Products
          • Plates
          • Sheet, Strips and Coils
        • Forgings
        • Long Products
          • Bars, Rods and Rebars
          • Rails
          • Wires, Wire Strands and Wire Ropes
        • Metallic-Coated/Clad Products
          • Alloy Coated
          • Aluminum Coated
          • Copper Coated
          • Nickel Coated
          • Terne Coated
          • Zinc Coated
        • Non-Metallic Coated Products
          • Asphalt Coated
          • Ceramic/Enamel Coated
          • Polymer Coated
        • Tin Mill Products
          • Black Plates
          • Electrolytic Chromium Coated
          • Electrolytic Tin Coated
        • Tubular Products
          • Centrifugally Cast Pipes and Tubes
          • Corrugated Pipes and Tubes
          • Seamless Pipes and Tubes
          • Welded Pipes and Tubes
      • Steel
        • Alloy Steel
          • Chromium Steel
          • Chromium-Vanadium Steel
          • Manganese Steel
          • Molybdenum Steel
            • Molybdenum Steel
            • Molybdenum Steel
          • Nickel Steel
          • Nickel-Chromium Steel
          • Silicon-Manganese Steel
        • Carbon Steel
          • High-Carbon Steel
          • Low-Carbon and Mild Steel
          • Medium-Carbon Steel
        • Specialty Steel
          • Advanced High Strength Steel
            • Advanced High Strength Steel
            • Advanced High Strength Steel
          • Bearing Steel
          • Drawing Steel
          • Electrical Steel
          • High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel
            • High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel
            • High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel
          • Magnetic Materials
          • Maraging Steel
          • Spring Steel
          • Structural Steel
          • Tool Steel
            • Tool Steel
          • Trip Steel
        • Stainless Steel
          • Austenitic Stainless Steel
          • Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steel
          • Ferritic Stainless Steel
          • Martensitic Stainless Steel
          • Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
    • Metals -- Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys
      • Bearing Alloys
        • Lead-Based Bearing Alloys
        • Tin-Based Bearing Alloys
      • Chromium and Alloys
        • Chromium
        • Chromium Alloys
      • Electrical Contact Alloys
        • Gold-Based Electrical Contact Alloys
        • Silver-Based Electrical Contact Alloys
      • Low Melting Metals and Alloys
        • Antimony and Alloys
          • Antimony
          • Antimony Alloys
        • Bismuth and Alloys
          • Bismuth Alloys
            • Bismuth Alloys
            • Bismuth Alloys
        • Cadmium and Alloys
          • Cadmium
          • Cadmium Alloys
            • Cadmium Alloys
            • Cadmium Alloys
        • Indium and Alloys
          • Indium
          • Indium Alloys
            • Indium Alloys
            • Indium Alloys
        • Lead and Alloys
          • Lead
          • Lead Alloys
            • Lead Alloys
            • Lead Alloys
        • Tin and Alloys
          • Tin
          • Tin Alloys
            • Tin Alloys
            • Tin Alloys
            • Tin Alloys
            • Tin Alloys
            • Tin Alloys
            • Tin Alloys
      • Magnesium and Alloys
        • Magnesium
        • Magnesium Alloys
          • Magnesium-Aluminum Alloys
          • Magnesium-Rare Earth Alloys
          • Magnesium-Zinc Alloys
      • Manganese and Alloys
        • Manganese
        • Manganese Alloys
      • Master Alloys
        • Aluminum-Based Master Alloys
        • Zinc-Based Master Alloys
      • Mercury
      • Nickel, Cobalt and Superalloys
        • Cobalt and Alloys
          • Cobalt
          • Cobalt Alloys
            • Cobalt Alloys
        • Nickel
        • Nickel Alloys
          • Nickel-Aluminum Alloys
          • Nickel-Chromium Alloys
            • Nickel-Chromium Alloys
            • Nickel-Chromium Alloys
          • Nickel-Cobalt Alloys
            • Nickel-Cobalt Alloys
          • Nickel-Copper Alloys
          • Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloys
          • Nickel-Molybdenum Alloys
          • Nickel-Titanium Alloys
        • Superalloys
          • Cobalt-Based Superalloys
          • Iron-Based Superalloys
          • Nickel-Based Superalloys
      • Non-Ferrous Products
        • Castings
        • Coated Products
        • Crude/Semi-Finished Products
          • Anodes and Cathodes
          • Billets
          • Ingots
          • Metal Powders
          • Pellets, Briquettes and Blocks
          • Pig Metal and Sponge
        • Flat Products
          • Foils
          • Plates and Disks
          • Sheet, Strips and Coils
        • Forgings
        • Long Products
          • Bars and Rods
          • Wires
        • Profiles
        • Tubular Products
          • Seamless Pipes and Tubes
          • Welded Pipes and Tubes
      • Precious Metals and Alloys
        • Gold and Alloys
          • Gold
          • Gold Alloys
            • Gold Alloys
        • Iridium and Alloys
          • Iridium
        • Palladium and Alloys
          • Palladium
          • Palladium Alloys
            • Palladium Alloys
            • Palladium Alloys
            • Palladium Alloys
        • Platinum and Alloys
          • Platinum
          • Platinum Alloys
            • Platinum Alloys
        • Rhodium and Alloys
          • Rhodium
          • Rhodium Alloys
        • Ruthenium and Alloys
          • Ruthenium
        • Silver and Alloys
          • Silver
          • Silver Alloys
            • Silver Alloys
            • Silver Alloys
            • Silver Alloys
            • Silver Alloys
            • Silver Alloys
            • Silver Alloys
            • Silver Alloys
            • Silver Alloys
      • Refractory and Reactive Metals and Alloys
        • Hafnium and Alloys
          • Hafnium
          • Hafnium Alloys
        • Molybdenum and Alloys
          • Molybdenum
          • Molybdenum Alloys
            • Molybdenum Alloys
            • Molybdenum Alloys
        • Niobium and Alloys
          • Niobium
          • Niobium Alloys
            • Niobium Alloys
            • Niobium Alloys
            • Niobium Alloys
        • Tantalum and Alloys
          • Tantalum
          • Tantalum Alloys
            • Tantalum Alloys
            • Tantalum Alloys
        • Titanium and Alloys
          • Titanium
          • Titanium Alloys
            • Titanium Alloys
            • Titanium Alloys
            • Titanium Alloys
        • Tungsten and Alloys
          • Tungsten
          • Tungsten Alloys
        • Zirconium and Alloys
          • Zirconium
          • Zirconium Alloys
            • Zirconium Alloys
            • Zirconium Alloys
      • Rhenium
      • Shape Memory Alloys
      • Solder Alloys
        • Cadmium-Based Solders
        • Lead-Based Solders
        • Tin-Based Solders
        • Zinc-Based Solders
      • Thermostat and Electrical Heating Alloys
        • Electrical Heating Alloys
        • Thermostat Metals
      • Vanadium and Alloys
        • Vanadium
      • Zinc and Alloys
        • Zinc
          • Commercial Grade Zinc
          • Galvanizing Grade Zinc
        • Zinc Alloys
          • Zinc-Aluminum Alloys
            • Zinc-Aluminum Alloys
            • Zinc-Aluminum Alloys
          • Zinc-Antimony Alloys
          • Zinc-Copper Alloys
          • Zinc-Tin Alloys
    • Minerals and Natural Resources
      • Minerals
        • Gemstones
          • Sapphire
        • Metalliferous Minerals
          • Chromium Ores
          • Copper Ores
          • Iron Ores
          • Lead and Zinc Ores
          • Manganese Ores
          • Uranium Ores
        • Non-Metalliferous Minerals
          • Clay Minerals
            • Clay Minerals
            • Clay Minerals
            • Clay Minerals
            • Clay Minerals
          • Silicate Minerals
            • Silicate Minerals
            • Silicate Minerals
            • Silicate Minerals
            • Silicate Minerals
        • Non-Silicate Minerals
          • Carbonate Minerals
            • Carbonate Minerals
            • Carbonate Minerals
          • Sulfate Minerals
            • Sulfate Minerals
        • Phosphate Minerals
          • Hydroxylapatite
      • Rocks
        • Igneous Rocks
          • Granite
          • Pumice
        • Metamorphic Rocks
          • Marble
          • Quartzite
          • Slate
        • Sedimentary Rocks
          • Limestone
            • Limestone
            • Limestone
            • Limestone
          • Sandstone
          • Shale
      • Sediments
        • Fluvial Sediments
        • Marine Sediments
      • Soils
        • Coarse-Grained Soils
          • Gravel
          • Sand
        • Fine-Grained Soils
          • Clays
          • Silts
        • Organic Soils
          • Peats
        • Permafrost
      • Water
        • Drinking Water
        • Fresh Water
          • Groundwater
          • Surface Water
            • Surface Water
            • Surface Water
            • Surface Water
            • Surface Water
            • Surface Water
            • Surface Water
            • Surface Water
        • Industrial Water
          • Boiler Feedwater
          • Brine
          • Cooling Water
          • High-Purity Water
        • Salt Water
          • Brackish Water
          • Seawater
    • Plastics and Rubber
      • Cellular Plastics and Elastomers
        • Polyisocyanurate Foams
      • Degradable Plastics
        • Biodegradable Plastics
        • Hydrolytically Degradable Plastics
        • Oxidatively Degradable Plastics
        • Photodegradable Plastics
      • Plastics
        • Cellulosic Plastics
        • Polymer Blends and Alloys
          • Polymer Alloys
          • Polymer Blends
        • Thermoplastics
          • Acetal Plastics
            • Acetal Plastics
          • Acrylic Plastics
            • Acrylic Plastics
          • Fluoroplastics
            • Fluoroplastics
            • Fluoroplastics
            • Fluoroplastics
            • Fluoroplastics
            • Fluoroplastics
            • Fluoroplastics
            • Fluoroplastics
            • Fluoroplastics
            • Fluoroplastics
          • Liquid Crystal Polymers
          • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
            • Olefin Plastics
          • Polyamide Plastics
            • Polyamide Plastics
            • Polyamide Plastics
            • Polyamide Plastics
          • Polyamide-Imide Plastics
          • Polyether Plastics
            • Polyether Plastics
            • Polyether Plastics
            • Polyether Plastics
          • Polyetherimide Plastics
          • Polysulfides
            • Polysulfides
          • Polysulfones
            • Polysulfones
            • Polysulfones
          • Styrenic Plastics
            • Styrenic Plastics
            • Styrenic Plastics
            • Styrenic Plastics
            • Styrenic Plastics
            • Styrenic Plastics
          • Thermoplastic Polyesters
            • Thermoplastic Polyesters
            • Thermoplastic Polyesters
          • Vinyl Plastics
            • Vinyl Plastics
            • Vinyl Plastics
        • Thermosetting Plastics
          • Alkyd Resins
          • Allyl Plastics
          • Amino and Furan Resins
            • Amino and Furan Resins
            • Amino and Furan Resins
          • Epoxy Resins
          • Imide Resins
          • Phenolic Plastics
            • Phenolic Plastics
          • Polyurethane
          • Silicone Resins
          • Thermosetting Polyesters
            • Thermosetting Polyesters
            • Thermosetting Polyesters
      • Plastics Products
        • Molded and Extruded Products
          • Plastic Bottles
          • Plastic Containers
          • Plastic Film, Sheet and Tapes
          • Plastic Panels
          • Plastic Pipes and Tubes
            • Plastic Pipes and Tubes
          • Plastic Plates
          • Plastic Rods and Bars
        • Plastic Lumber
        • Plastic Profiles
      • Recycled Plastics and Rubber
        • Recycled Plastics
        • Recycled Rubber
          • Crumb Rubber
          • Recycled Vulcanizate Particulate Rubber
      • Rubber and Rubber-Like Materials
        • Natural Rubber
        • Rubber Latex
          • Natural Rubber Latex
          • Synthetic Rubber Latex
        • Synthetic Rubber
          • Butadiene Rubber
          • Butyl Rubber
            • Butyl Rubber
            • Butyl Rubber
          • Chloroprene Rubber
          • Ethylene-Propylene Rubber
            • Ethylene-Propylene Rubber
            • Ethylene-Propylene Rubber
          • Fluorocarbon Rubber
          • Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
          • Nitrile Rubber
          • Polyethylene Elastomers
            • Polyethylene Elastomers
          • Polyurethane Rubber
          • Silicone Rubber
          • Styrene-Butadiene Rubber
            • Styrene-Butadiene Rubber
            • Styrene-Butadiene Rubber
        • Thermoplastic Elastomers
      • Rubber Products
        • Condoms
        • Finger Cots
        • Rubber Discs and Diaphragms
        • Rubber Gloves
        • Rubber Hoses and Belts
          • Rubber Hoses
        • Rubber Pads and Mounts
        • Rubber Rings
          • O-Rings
        • Rubber Seals and Adhesives
          • Rubber Cements
          • Rubber Seals
        • Rubber Sheets and Bales
          • Rubber Bales
          • Rubber Sheets
        • Rubber Tapes and Membranes
        • Rubber Threads
    • Wood, Paper and Pulp
      • Paper and Paper Products
        • Coated Paper
        • Felt Paper
        • Insulation Paper
        • Office Paper
          • Duplicator Paper
            • Duplicator Paper
            • Duplicator Paper
          • Printing and Writing Paper
            • Printing and Writing Paper
            • Printing and Writing Paper
            • Printing and Writing Paper
        • Packaging Paper
        • Paperboards
          • Corrugated Fiberboards
        • Tissue Paper
      • Pulp
      • Wood
        • Hardwood
        • Softwood
      • Wood Products
        • Lumber and Engineered Wood Products
          • Composite Wood Products
            • Composite Wood Products
          • Glued Structural Members
            • Glued Structural Members
            • Glued Structural Members
            • Glued Structural Members
          • Lumber
          • Wood Veneer and Veneer-Based Materials
            • Wood Veneer and Veneer-Based Materials
        • Particulate Wood Fuels
        • Wood Assemblies
        • Wood Panel Products
          • Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
            • Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
            • Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
            • Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
            • Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
          • Structural Wood Panels
        • Wood Pole and Pile Products
  • Process
    • Biological Process
      • Aging
        • Degradation/Deterioration
      • Detoxification
      • Fermentation
      • Germination
      • Microbial Growth
        • Algal Growth
        • Bacterial Growth
        • Fungal Growth
      • Photosynthesis
      • Reproduction
      • Sterilization and Disinfection
    • Chemical Process
      • Acid Digestion
      • Alkylation
      • Calcination
      • Carbonization
      • Catalysis
      • Chemical Reaction
        • Acetylation
        • Alkali-Aggregate Reaction
        • Disproportionation
        • Reduction
        • Sulfation
      • Cracking
        • Catalytic Cracking
        • Pyrolysis
      • Crosslinking
      • Curing
      • Decomposition
      • Dehydration
      • Dissolution
      • Doping and Etching
      • Efflorescence
      • Emulsification
      • Encapsulation
      • Esterification
      • Fouling and Scaling
      • Halogenation
        • Chlorination
      • Hydration
      • Hydrolysis
      • Ignition and Combustion
      • Neutralization
      • Nitration
      • Oxidation
      • Photolysis
      • Polymerization
      • Staining
    • Contamination and Decontamination
      • Contamination
        • Chemical Contamination
        • Groundwater Contamination
        • Microbial Contamination
        • Radioactive Contamination
        • Soil Contamination
      • Decontamination
    • Corrosion
      • Localized Corrosion
        • Cavitation Corrosion
        • Crevice Corrosion
        • Erosion Corrosion
        • Filiform Corrosion
        • Fretting Corrosion
        • Galvanic Corrosion
        • Intergranular Corrosion
        • Pitting Corrosion
        • Stress Corrosion Cracking
      • Uniform Corrosion
        • Atmospheric Corrosion
    • Electrochemical Process
    • Manufacturing Process
      • Additive Manufacturing
        • Direct Metal Laser Sintering
        • Directed Energy Deposition
        • Electron Beam Melting
        • Powder Bed Fusion
        • Selective Laser Melting
      • Braiding
      • Casting
        • Centrifugal Casting
        • Continuous Casting
        • Die Casting
        • Investment Casting
        • Permanent Mold Casting
        • Sand Casting
        • Semi-Solid Casting
          • Rheo Casting
          • Squeeze Casting
          • Thixo Casting
        • Twin-Roll Casting
      • Coking
      • Cutting
      • Filament Winding
      • Forming
        • Blanking
        • Drawing
        • Extrusion
          • Coextrusion
        • Forging
          • Closed Die Forging
          • Swaging
        • Milling
        • Pultrusion
        • Rolling
          • Cold Rolling
          • Hot Rolling
      • Glazing
      • Grinding and Crushing
      • Heat Treatment
        • Annealing
        • Hardening/Diffusion Coating
          • Boriding
          • Carburizing/Decarburizing
          • Induction Hardening
          • Nitriding
        • Isothermal Treatment
          • Austempering
        • Normalizing
        • Precipitation Hardening
        • Quenching
        • Tempering
      • Joining
        • Adhesive Bonding
        • Bolting and Riveting
        • Brazing and Soldering
        • Splicing
        • Welding
          • Arc Welding
          • Electrofusion
          • Fusion Welding
          • Laser Welding
          • Resistance Welding
      • Knitting
      • Lamination
      • Lithography
      • Machining
      • Manufacturing Defects
        • Distortion
        • Inclusions
          • Non-Metallic Inclusions
        • Pinholes and Voids
        • Surface Defects
          • Surface Flaws
        • Warpage
      • Metal Smelting and Refining
        • Refining
          • Basic-Oxygen Process
          • Decarburization
          • Electrorefining
          • Electroslag Refining Process
          • Ladle Refining
          • Vacuum Degassing
          • Vacuum Melting
        • Smelting
          • Blast-Furnace Process
          • Cupola Process
          • Electric-Furnace Process
      • Molding
        • Blow Molding
        • Compression Molding
        • Contact Molding
        • Extrusion Molding
        • Injection Molding
        • Transfer Molding
      • Polishing and Buffing
      • Powder Metallurgy
        • Hot Forging
        • Metal Injection Molding
        • Pressing
          • Cold Isostatic Pressing
          • Hot Isostatic Pressing
          • Isostatic Pressing
          • Uniaxial Pressing
        • Sintering
      • Pulverization
      • Surface Treatment
        • Cleaning
          • Chemical Cleaning
          • Ultrasonic Cleaning
        • Coating
          • Cladding
          • Electrolytic Process
          • Electrostatic Spray Coating Method
          • Enameling
          • Hot-Dip Process
          • Metallic Coating
          • Non-Metallic Coating
          • Thermal Spray Coating
        • Descaling
        • Passivation
        • Pickling
        • Shot Peening
        • Vapor Degreasing
      • Tanning
      • Vacuum/Vapor Deposition
        • Chemical Vapor Deposition
        • Physical Vapor Deposition
          • Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition
      • Vulcanization
      • Weaving
      • Wire Bonding
    • Mechanical Process
      • Adhesion and Cohesion
      • Buckling
      • Compression
      • Crack Initiation and Propagation
        • Crack Growth and Propagation
        • Crack Initiation
        • Cracks and Cracking
      • Creep
      • Deformation
        • Plastic Deformation
      • Drilling
      • Failure
        • Delamination
        • Embrittlement
          • Hydrogen Embrittlement
          • Radiation Embrittlement
        • Fatigue
          • Corrosion Fatigue
          • Cyclic Fatigue
          • Fretting Fatigue
          • Thermal Fatigue
        • Fracture
          • Non-Linear Elastic Fracture
      • Friction
        • Kinetic Friction
      • Impact
      • Torsion
      • Vibration
        • Damping
    • Nuclear Process
      • Fission
      • Fusion
    • Physical Process
      • Air Entrainment
      • Capillary Action and Wicking
      • Cavitation
      • Cooling
      • Deflection
      • Diffusion
      • Dispersion
      • Drying and Dessication
      • Expansion
      • Heat Transfer
        • Heat Convection
        • Heat Radiation
      • Laser-Induced Damage
      • Leakage
        • Water Leakage
      • Luminescence
        • Chemiluminescence
        • Photoluminescence
      • Mixing and Blending
        • Agitation
      • Outgassing
      • Penetration
        • Water Penetration
      • Permeation
      • Phase Transformation
        • Condensation
        • Freezing and Thawing
        • Gelation
        • Melting
        • Recrystallization and Crystallization
        • Solidification
        • Vaporization
          • Boiling
          • Evaporation
      • Radiation
        • Nuclear Irradiation
          • Electron Irradiation
          • Ion Irradiation
          • Neutron Irradiation
        • Optical Radiation
          • Infrared Radiation
          • Ultraviolet Radiation
        • Thermal Radiation
      • Radiation Damage
      • Scattering
      • Segregation and Inoculation
      • Sieving and Grading
      • Sorption
        • Absorption
        • Adsorption and Desorption
      • Sputtering
        • Ion-Beam Sputtering
      • Swelling
      • Wave Phenomena
        • Attenuation
        • Diffraction
        • Propagation
        • Reflection and Transmission
        • Resonance
      • Weathering
        • Disintegration
        • Rutting
      • Wetting
      • Work Hardening
    • Separation and Purification
      • Centrifugation
      • Coagulation and Flocculation
      • Distillation
        • Fractional Distillation
        • Vacuum Distillation
      • Electrolysis
      • Extraction
        • Leaching
        • Liquid-Liquid Extraction
        • Solid-Phase Extraction
        • Supercritical Fluid Extraction
      • Filtration
        • Microfiltration
        • Nanofiltration
        • Reverse Osmosis
        • Ultrafiltration
      • Flotation
      • Ion Exchange
      • Precipitation
      • Sedimentation
      • Stripping
    • Specimen Preparation
      • Sample Conditioning
    • Wear and Erosion
      • Abrasive Wear
      • Adhesive Wear
        • Galling Wear
        • Sliding Wear
        • Spalling Wear
      • Erosion
        • Cavitation Erosion
        • Liquid Impingement Erosion
      • Fretting Wear
      • Impact Wear
      • Tread Wear
  • Properties and Measurements
    • Acoustic Properties
      • Acoustic Impedance
      • Sound Transmission Loss
      • Sound, Noise
      • Speed of Sound
    • Biological Properties
      • Bioavailability
      • Biocompatibility
      • Biodegradability
        • Aerobic Biodegradability
        • Anaerobic Biodegradability
      • Biological Efficacy
      • Microbial and Antimicrobial Activity
      • Toxicity
        • Cytotoxicity
        • Ecotoxicity
        • Effective Concentration
        • Lethal Concentration
        • Lethal Dose
        • Neurotoxicity
        • Phytotoxicity
    • Chemical Properties
      • Acidity
      • Alkalinity
      • Atomic and Molecular Properties
        • Molecular Mass
      • Basicity
      • Bromine Number
      • Cation Exchange Capacity
      • Chemical Compatibility
      • Chemical Composition
        • Additive Elements
        • Ash Content
        • Inorganic Matter Content
        • Insoluble Matter Content
        • Isotopic Composition
        • Moisture Content
        • Organic Matter Content
        • Trace Elements
        • Volatile Matter Content
          • Volatile Organic Compounds
        • Water and Sediment Content
      • Chemical Resistance
        • Oxidation Stability
      • Cloud Point
      • Iodine Number
      • Kinetics
        • Activation Energy
        • Pre-Exponential Factor
        • Reaction Rate
        • Reactivity
      • Leachability
      • Maceral Composition
      • Methylene Blue Index
      • Miscibility
      • Partition Coefficient
      • pH
      • Purity
      • Salinity
      • Saponification Number
      • Solubility
      • Volatility
      • Water Hardness
    • Combustion Properties
      • Cetane Number and Cetane Index
      • Fire Point
      • Flame Spread
      • Flammability
      • Flash Point
      • Heat of Combustion
      • Ignitability
      • Octane Number
      • Oxygen Compatibility
      • Oxygen Index
      • Smoke Point
    • Dimensionless Numbers and Physical Constants
      • Damping Ratio
      • Physical Constants
      • Water-Cement Ratio
    • Electrical Properties
      • Capacitance
      • Dielectric Properties
        • Dielectric Constant
        • Dielectric Strength
        • Permittivity
      • Dissipation Factor
      • Electrical Conductivity
      • Electrical Resistivity
      • Voltage, Current and Power
    • Electrochemical Properties
      • Corrosion Resistance
      • Corrosivity
      • Electrochemical Noise
      • Electrochemical Potential
      • Oxidation-Reduction Potential
      • Polarization Resistance
    • Geotechnical Properties
      • Atterberg Limits
        • Liquid Limit
        • Plastic Limit
      • Coefficient of Consolidation
      • Hydraulic Conductivity
      • Plasticity Index
      • Pore Size Distribution
      • Pore Water Pressure
    • Magnetic Properties
      • Coercivity
      • Core Loss
      • Hysteresis
      • Magnetic Field Strength
      • Magnetic Permeability
      • Magnetization
    • Mechanical Properties
      • Abrasivity
      • Brittleness
      • Castability and Moldability
      • Compliance
      • Damping Capacity
      • Ductility
      • Elasticity
        • Compressive Modulus
        • Flexural Modulus
        • Modulus of Elasticity
        • Poisson's Ratio
        • Resilience
        • Shear Modulus
        • Superelasticity
        • Young's Modulus
      • Formability and Extrudability
      • Hardenability
        • End-Quench
      • Hardness
        • Brinell Hardness
        • Knoop Hardness
        • Leeb Hardness
        • Pfund Hardness
        • Rockwell Hardness
        • Vickers Hardness
      • Machinability
      • Plasticity
      • Skid/Frictional Resistance
      • Stiffness
        • Flexural Stiffness
        • Shear Stiffness
        • Torsional Stiffness
      • Strength
        • Bearing Strength
        • Bond Strength
        • Burst Strength
        • Bursting Strength
        • Compressive Strength
        • Creep Strength
        • Fatigue Strength
        • Flexural/Bend Strength
        • Freeze-Thaw Resistance
        • Impact Strength
        • Residual Strength
        • Shear Strength
        • Tear Strength
        • Tensile Strength
      • Stress and Strain
        • Compressive Stress
        • Residual Stress
        • Shear Stress
        • Strain Rate
        • Stress-Intensity Factor
        • Tensile Stress
        • Thermal Stress
      • Toughness
        • Fracture Toughness
        • Notch Toughness
      • Wear and Erosion Resistance
      • Weldability/Solderability
    • Metallurgical Properties
      • Crystal Structure and Defects
        • Crystal Structure
        • Linear Defects
      • Grain Size
      • Microstructure
        • Grain Boundary
    • Optical Properties
      • Absorbance and Absorption Coefficient
      • Birefringence
      • Hiding Power
      • Lightfastness
      • Luminance
      • Opacity and Transmittance
      • Optical Density
      • Reflectance and Reflectivity
      • Refractive Index
      • Tinting Strength
    • Performance Characteristics
      • Airtightness
      • Filtration Efficiency
      • Sealability
      • Service Life
      • Serviceability Index
      • Setting Time
      • Shelf Life
      • Weatherability
    • Physical Properties
      • Anisotropy
      • Appearance
      • Cleanliness
      • Compatibility
      • Compressibility
      • Density and Relative Density
        • API Gravity
        • Bulk Density
      • Diffusivity
      • Dimension
        • Depth
        • Diameter
        • Height
        • Length
        • Size
        • Thickness
        • Width
      • Displacement
      • Distance, Speed and Acceleration
      • Dose and Dose Rate
      • Durability
      • Energy
      • Fiber Characteristics
        • Micronaire
      • Fineness
      • Force, Pressure
      • Friability, Grindability
      • Fusibility
      • Gravity
      • Humidity
        • Dew Point
        • Relative Humidity
      • Hydraulic Transmissivity
        • LNAPL Transmissivity
      • Mass, Volume and Weight
      • Particle Size Distribution
      • Permeability
      • Phase Transition Temperature
        • Boiling Point
        • Glass Transition Temperature
        • Melting Point
        • Pour Point
        • Softening Point
        • Solidification Point
      • Porosity
      • Radioactivity
      • Shrinkage
      • Stability
        • Dimensional Stability
        • Storage Stability
      • Storage Coefficient
      • Temperature
      • Turbidity
      • Vapor Pressure
        • Reid Vapor Pressure
      • Void Ratio
      • Water Vapor Transmission Rate
      • Wavelength and Frequency
    • Radiological Properties
      • Flux and Fluence
        • Neutron Fluence
        • Neutron Flux
    • Rheological Properties
      • Flow Rate
      • Pumpability
      • Shear Stability
      • Storage Modulus
      • Viscoelasticity
      • Viscosity
        • Dynamic Viscosity
        • Kinematic Viscosity
        • Viscosity Index
    • Sensorial Properties
      • Brightness
      • Color
      • Flavor
      • Gloss and Haze
      • Odor
      • Taste
      • Visual Perception
    • Surface Properties
      • Impact Attenuation
      • Surface Area
        • Specific Surface Area
      • Surface Roughness
      • Surface Tension
      • Surface Texture
    • Thermal and Thermodynamic Properties
      • Cooling Rate
      • Emittance and Emissivity
      • Enthalpy
      • Heat Capacity
      • Heat Flux
      • Heat of Fusion
      • Heat of Hydration
      • Heat of Sublimation
      • Heat of Vaporization
      • Heat Transfer Coefficient
      • Linear Thermal Expansion
      • Thermal Conductivity
      • Thermal Diffusivity
      • Thermal Resistivity
      • Thermal Shock Resistance
      • Thermal Stability
      • Workability
    • Tribological Properties
      • Coefficient of Friction
      • Lubricity
  • Test Methods
    • Biological Test
      • Immunoassay
      • Microbiological Test
      • Molecular Biology Techniques
        • DNA Sequencing
        • Electrophoresis
          • Capillary Electrophoresis
          • Gel Electrophoresis
        • Polymerase Chain Reaction
      • Toxicity Test
        • FETAX
    • Chemical Analysis
      • Coating-Weight Test
      • Colorimetry
        • Tristimulus Colorimetry
      • Electrochemical Techniques
        • Voltammetry
          • Amperometry
      • Gravimetry
        • Fusion-Hydrochloric Acid Dehydration Method
      • Hyphenated Techniques
        • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
        • Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
        • Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis
      • Loss-on-Ignition Test
      • Oxidation Test
      • Spot Test
      • Titrimetry
        • Coulometry
          • Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
          • Microcoulometry
        • Potentiometric Titration
        • Volumetry
          • Dichromate Titration
          • Permanganate Titration
          • Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration
      • Turbidimetry
      • Ultimate Analysis
        • Proximate Analysis
    • Chromatography
      • Gas Chromatography
        • Capillary Column Gas Chromatography
        • Headspace Gas Chromatography
        • Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
      • Ion Chromatography
      • Liquid Chromatography
        • HPLC
        • Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
      • Reversed-Phase Chromatography
      • Size-Exclusion Chromatography
        • Gel Permeation Chromatography
      • Thin Layer Chromatography
    • Corrosion Test
      • Cabinet Test
        • Corrosive Gas Test
        • Salt Spray Test
      • Electrochemical Test
      • Immersion Test
      • Stress Corrosion Cracking Test
    • Crystallography
      • Electron Diffraction Technique
      • X-Ray Diffraction Technique
    • Fire Test
      • Flammability Test
      • Flash Point Test
    • Geotechnical Test
      • Foundation and Pile Test
        • Dynamic Load Testing
        • Integrity Testing
        • Static Load Testing
      • Soil Test
        • California Bearing Ratio Test
        • Compaction Test
        • Cone Penetration Test
        • Direct Shear Test
        • Falling Head Permeability Test
        • Resonant Column Test
        • Sand Equivalent Test
        • Standard Penetration Test
        • Unconfined Compression Test
        • Vane Shear Test
      • Triaxial Test
        • Consolidated Drained Triaxial Test
      • Water Level Analysis
        • Aquifer Test
          • Slug Test
        • Well Test
    • Mechanical Test
      • Adhesion Test
        • Peel Test
      • Bend Test
        • Flexural Test
        • Four-Point Bend Test
        • Three-Point Bend Test
      • Burst Test
      • Compression Test
      • Creep Test
      • Fatigue Test
        • Constant-Amplitude Fatigue Test
      • Fractography
        • Hardness Test
          • Brinell Hardness Test
          • Dynamic Hardness Test
          • Indentation Hardness Test
          • Knoop Hardness Test
          • Microhardness Test
          • Pencil Hardness Test
          • Rebound Hardness Test
          • Rockwell Hardness Test
          • Scleroscope Hardness Test
          • Scratch Test
          • Vickers Hardness Test
      • Impact Test
        • Charpy Test
        • Drop-Weight Test
        • Izod Test
      • Pull-Out Test
      • Puncture Test
      • Shear Test
        • Iosipescu Shear Test
        • Lap Shear Test
        • Torsional Shear Test
      • Shock and Vibration Testing
      • Small Punch Test
      • Stress Rupture Test
      • Structural Analysis
      • Tear Test
      • Tensile Test
        • Direct Tension Test
        • Grab Test
        • Indirect Tensile Test
      • Torsion Test
      • Wear Test
        • Abrasion Test
        • Erosion Test
        • Friction Test
    • Metallography and Resinography
      • Fracture Analysis
      • Grain Size Analysis
        • Planimetric Method
          • Heyn Intercept Method
          • Jeffries Planimetric Method
      • Macroetch Test
      • Microscopy
        • Electron Microscopy
          • Scanning Electron Microscopy
          • Transmission Electron Microscopy
        • Optical Microscopy
          • Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
          • Phase Contrast Microscopy
          • Polarized Light Microscopy
          • Reflected Light Microscopy
        • Photomacrography
        • Photomicrography
        • Scanning Probe Microscopy
          • Atomic Force Microscopy
          • Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
      • Test Specimens and Test Engines
    • Non-Destructive Evaluation
      • Acoustic Emission Techniques
        • Acoustic Emission Test
        • Acousto-Ultrasonics
      • Airborne Ultrasound Testing
      • Computed Tomography
      • Electromagnetic Test
        • Alternating Current Field Measurement
        • Remote Field Testing
      • Guided Wave Testing
      • Holiday Test
      • Leak Test
        • Bubble Emission Leak Test
        • Electrical Leak Location Survey
        • Halogen Leak Test
        • Helium Leak Test
        • Pressure Leak Test
      • Liquid Penetrant Testing
        • Dye Liquid Penetrant Testing
        • Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing
        • Visible Liquid Penetrant Testing
      • Magnetic Particle Inspection
        • Dry Method
        • Wet Method
      • Potential Drop Method
      • Radiology
        • Digital Radiography
        • Gamma Radiography
        • Neutron Radiography
        • X-Ray Radiography
      • Thermography
        • Flash Thermography
        • Infrared Thermography
      • Ultrasonic Examination
        • Angle Beam Method
        • Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing
        • Pulse Echo Method
        • Straight Beam Ultrasonic Testing
        • Time-Of-Flight Diffraction Method
      • Visual and Optical Testing
        • Holography
        • Shearography
        • Visual Inspection
    • Performance Test
      • Accelerated Aging Test
        • Pressurized Aging Vessel Test
        • Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test
      • Bench Test
      • Durability Test
      • Exposure Test
        • Accelerated Weathering Test
        • Outdoor Exposure Test
      • High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig Test
      • Insulation Test
        • Franklin Test
      • Lubricant Testing
      • Marshall Stability Test
      • Mortar Bar Test
      • Packaging Performance Testing
      • Proof Test
      • Solvent Rub Test
    • Petrography
    • Physical Test
      • Color Test
      • Dilatometry
      • Ellipsometry
      • Flow Table Test
      • Interferometry
      • Magnetic Testing
      • Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
      • Particle Size Analysis
        • Non-Sieving Methods
          • Laser Diffraction Method
      • Penetration Test
      • Permeation Test
      • Photometry and Radiometry
        • Flame Photometry
      • Porosimetry
      • Sieve Analysis
        • Dry Sieve Analysis
        • Wet Sieve Analysis
      • Slump Test
    • Radiochemical Analysis
      • Dosimetry
      • Isotope Analysis
      • Liquid Scintillation Counting
      • Neutron Activation Analysis
      • Radiation Hardness Test
    • Sensory Evaluation
      • Discrimination Test
        • Duo-Trio Test
        • Paired Comparison Test
        • Triangle Test
    • Spectroscopy
      • Absorption Spectroscopy
        • Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
          • Cold Vapor Generation Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
          • Flameless Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
          • Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
          • Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
        • Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
        • Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
        • UV-Visible Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy
      • Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy
      • Alpha Spectrometry
      • Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
      • Electron Spectroscopy
        • Auger Electron Spectroscopy
        • X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
      • Emission Spectroscopy
        • Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
          • Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
        • Optical Emission Spectroscopy
          • Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy
        • X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy
      • Fluorescence/Luminescence Spectroscopy
        • X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
          • Micro X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
      • Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy
      • Mass Spectroscopy
        • Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
        • Ionization Mass Spectroscopy
        • Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry
        • Tandem Mass Spectrometry
        • Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
      • Molecular Spectroscopy
      • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
      • Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
        • Time-Of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
      • Spectrophotometry
        • Infrared Spectrophotometry
      • UV-Visible Spectroscopy
      • Vibrational Spectroscopy
        • Infrared Spectroscopy
          • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
        • Raman Spectroscopy
      • Visible Spectroscopy
      • X-Ray Spectroscopy
        • Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
        • Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
    • Surface Analysis
    • Test Specimens and Test Engines
    • Thermal Analysis
      • Calorimetry
        • Differential Scanning Calorimetry
        • Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry
      • Differential Thermal Analysis
      • Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
      • Thermogravimetry
      • Thermomechanical Analysis
      • Thermometry

Topic


  • Advances in the State of the Art of Fire Testing
  • Bearing Steel Technology
  • Biofuels
  • Conditioning and Weathering
  • Consumer Product Safety and Evaluation
  • Corrosion Monitoring and Measurement
  • Effects of Radiation on Nuclear Materials
  • Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics
  • Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
  • Guclasse for Sampling and Analysis
  • Lubricant Evaluation
  • Medical Implants and Material Characterization
  • Metallography and Resinography
  • Non-destructive Testing for Pavements
  • Oil Spill Response and Control
  • Performance and Durability of Building Sealants
  • Performance of Protective Clothing
  • Petrography
  • Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction
  • Refractory Metal in Nuclear Industry
  • RoHS Complaince
  • Roofing and Waterproofing Research
  • Sports Safety
  • Sustainable Management and Remediation
  • Test Methods for Self Consolclassating Concrete
  • Testing of Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
  • Thermal Insulation for Buildings
  • Toxicology and Environmental Hazard Assessment