ASTM's refractory standards are instrumental in specifying, testing, and evaluating the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of various materials and products made of refractory. These materials, which are commonly made from the oxides of aluminum (alumina), silicon (silica), magnesium (magnesia), and calcium (lime), have the distinct characteristic of being able to retain physical and chemical stability at extremely high temperatures. These refractory standards help materials science laboratories, material processing companies, product manufacturers, and other producers and users of such materials and products in their proper fabrication and treatment procedures to ensure good quality and workmanship towards safe utilization.
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Chemical Behaviors
C768-99 Standard Practice for Drip Slag Testing Refractory Materials at High Temperature (Withdrawn 2004)
C874-20 Standard Test Method for Rotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials
C863-00(2022) Standard Test Method for Evaluating Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Carbide Refractories at Elevated Temperatures
C454-10(2022) Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Carbon Refractories by Alkali
C456-18(2023) Standard Test Method for Hydration Resistance of Basic Bricks and Shapes
C492-92(2023) Standard Test Method for Hydration of Granular Dead-Burned Refractory Dolomite
C831-18(2023) Standard Test Methods for Residual Carbon, Apparent Residual Carbon, and Apparent Carbon Yield in Coked Carbon-Containing Brick and Shapes
C544-18(2023) Standard Test Method for Hydration of Dead-Burned Magnesite or Periclase Grain
C607-88(2024) Standard Practice for Coking Large Shapes of Carbon-Bearing Materials
C288-20e1 Standard Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
Monolithics
C1446-19 Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Self-Flowing Castable Refractories
C181-11(2018) Standard Test Method for Workability Index of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Plastics
C1445-13(2018) Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
C860-15(2019) Standard Test Method for Determining the Consistency of Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
C975-87(2020) Standard Practice for Preparing Test Specimens from Basic Refractory Ramming Products by Pressing
C862-16(2020) Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
C903-15(2020) Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Specimens by Cold Gunning
C973-87(2020) Standard Practice for Preparing Test Specimens from Basic Refractory Gunning Products by Pressing
C974-87(2020) Standard Practice for Preparing Test Specimens from Basic Refractory Castable Products by Casting
C865-22 Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
C1656-13(2023) Standard Guide for Measuring the Reactivity of Hydraulic Refractory Castables Using Exothermic Profile
C179-14(2024) Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
C1054-24 Standard Practice for Pressing and Drying Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
Physical Properties
C1444-00 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Angle of Repose of Free-Flowing Mold Powders (Withdrawn 2005)
C113-14(2019) Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
C577-19 Standard Test Method for Permeability of Refractories
C135-96(2022) Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Water Immersion
C20-00(2022) Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
C92-95(2022)e1 Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis and Water Content of Refractory Materials
C357-07(2022)e1 Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Granular Refractory Materials
C914-09(2022)e1 Standard Test Method for Bulk Density and Volume of Solid Refractories by Wax Immersion
C704/C704M-15(2022)e1 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
C1407-23 Standard Practice for Calculating Areas, Volume, and Linear Change of Refractory Shapes
C134-95(2023) Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
C604-18(2023) Standard Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
C830-00(2023) Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
C210-95(2024) Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
Refractories for Glass
C1276-94(2005) Standard Test Method for Measuring the Viscosity of Mold Powders Above Their Melting Point Using a Rotational Viscometer (Withdrawn 2009)
C622-84(1995) Standard Test Method for Corrosion Resistance of Refractories to Molten Glass Using the Basin Furnace (Withdrawn 2000)
C621-09(2022) Standard Test Method for Isothermal Corrosion Resistance of Refractories to Molten Glass
C987-10(2023) Standard Test Method for Vapor Attack on Refractories for Furnace Superstructures
C1223-19(2023) Standard Test Method for Testing of Glass Exudation from AZS Fusion-Cast Refractories
Strength
C832-21 Standard Test Method for Measuring Thermal Expansion and Creep of Refractories Under Load
C16-03(2018) Standard Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Shapes at High Temperatures
C198-09(2019) Standard Test Method for Cold Bonding Strength of Refractory Mortar
C1099-07(2019) Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Carbon-Containing Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
C1419-14(2020) Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Materials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining an Approximate Young's Modulus
C885-87(2020) Standard Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
C1548-02(2020) Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio of Refractory Materials by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
C583-15(2021) Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
C199-22 Standard Test Method for Pier Test for Refractory Mortars
C133-24 Standard Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
The Joseph E. Kopanda Subcommittee for Editorial, Terminology and Classification
C435-93(1999) Standard Classification of Steel Pouring Pit Fireclay Refractories (Withdrawn 2001)
C861-93(2020) Standard Practice for Determining Metric Dimensions of Standard Series Refractory Brick and Shapes
C545-97(2022) Standard Classification of Zircon Refractories
C673-97(2022) Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Plastic Refractories and Ramming Mixes
C909-18(2022) Standard Practice for Dimensions of a Modular Series of Refractory Brick and Shapes
C899-79(2022) Standard Practice for Use of Metric Units of Measure for Reporting Properties of Refractory Materials
C1190-18(2022) Standard Practice for Location of Test Specimens from Magnesia-Carbon and Impregnated Burned Basic Brick
C1655-06(2022) Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Mortars
C27-98(2022) Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
C155-97(2022) Standard Classification of Insulating Firebrick
C401-12(2022) Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
C416-97(2022) Standard Classification of Silica Refractory Brick
C455-07(2022) Standard Classification of Chrome, Chrome-Magnesia, Magnesia-Chrome, and Magnesia Brick
C1547-02(2022) Standard Classification for Fusion-Cast Refractory Blocks and Shapes
C467-14(2023) Standard Classification of Mullite Refractories
C71-12(2024) Standard Terminology Relating to Refractories
Thermal Properties
C1100-88(1998) Standard Test Method for Ribbon Thermal Shock Testing of Refractory Materials (Withdrawn 2005)
C417-21 Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Unfired Monolithic Refractories
C108-46(2018) Standard Symbols for Heat Transmission (Withdrawn 2023)
C1171-16(2022) Standard Test Method for Quantitatively Measuring the Effect of Thermal Shock and Thermal Cycling on Refractories
C24-09(2022) Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials
C1113/C1113M-09(2024) Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)
C182-24 Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Firebrick
C201-24 Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
C202-19(2024)e1 Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractory Brick
C767-24 Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Refractories