MANUAL Published: 01 November 2022
MNL8320200004

Chapter 2 | Basic Bearing Steel Metallurgy and Relationship of Steel Composition, Metallurgical Cleanliness, and Heat Treatment—Specifications and Standard Methods

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The microstructure of steels for rolling bearings is the single most important parameter in the metallurgy of steels for rolling bearings. The required spheroidize annealing operation for high carbon through hardening steels is reviewed. The microstructure produced in martensitic and bainitic through hardening processes are described as well as the carbide microstructure effects in secondary hardening treatment for steels for high temperature aerospace precision rolling bearings. Metallurgical cleanliness is an all-encompassing parameter in steels for rolling bearings and as such the various characteristics of inclusions present in rolling bearing steels are described. The effect of chemical elements in bearing steel compositions is treated with respect to their effects on rolling bearing properties. The international specifications and details of testing methods for steels for rolling bearings are explained and illustrated. The metallurgical specification and test parameters covered in this section are: microcleanliness, mesosize, defect control, macroinclusion testing using ultrasonic methods, microstructure control, steel composition testing, hardness testing, grinding burn, static capacity relationships, retained austenite and residual stress determination using x-ray diffraction, and radiation testing. The information in this section will enable the reader to identify the most important parameters for global sourcing and testing of steels for rolling bearings.

Author Information

Beswick, John, M.
CEng FIMMM, Montfoort, NL
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Details
Pages: 21–59
DOI: 10.1520/MNL8320200004
ISBN-EB: 978-0-8031-7151-0
ISBN-13: 978-0-8031-7150-3