Journal Published Online: 09 December 2024
Volume 48, Issue 2

Measurement of External and Internal Cation Exchange Capacity and Implications to Expansive Soil Classification

CODEN: GTJODJ

Abstract

Soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) can be divided into external CEC and internal CEC depending on whether exchangeable cations are located on mineral surfaces or within the intercrystalline mineral space. External and internal CECs play different roles in many important aspects of soil physical and mechanical behaviors such as water retention and volume change. An approach is proposed to separate internal and external CEC from total CEC based on automated measurements of the soil water isotherm (SWI). Results from SWI experiments are interpreted to explicitly divide total specific surface area (SSA) into external and internal SSA by separating external water adsorption, internal water adsorption, and capillary water retention from measured isotherms. Internal CEC is separated from total CEC using a proportionality factor between the internal and total SSA. Practical application is demonstrated by comparing internal CEC for 30 natural soils covering a wide spectrum of soil types with the existing indices for expansive soil classification. A new expansive soil classification approach is proposed using internal CEC as an index variable and has shown improved accuracy in classifications compared to existing approaches.

Author Information

Luo, Shengmin
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
Zhou, Baochun
Henan Unsaturated Soil and Special Soil Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang City, Henan, China
Lu, Ning
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
Likos, William J.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Pages: 19
Price: $25.00
Related
Reprints and Permissions
Reprints and copyright permissions can be requested through the
Copyright Clearance Center
Details
Stock #: GTJ20240085
ISSN: 0149-6115
DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20240085