Standard Historical Last Updated: Dec 17, 2020 Track Document
ASTM D4763-06(2012)

Standard Practice for Identification of Chemicals in Water by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Standard Practice for Identification of Chemicals in Water by Fluorescence Spectroscopy D4763-06R12 ASTM|D4763-06R12|en-US Standard Practice for Identification of Chemicals in Water by Fluorescence Spectroscopy Standard new BOS Vol. 11.02 Committee D19
$ 75.00 In stock

Significance and Use

This practice is useful for detecting and identifying (or determining the absence of) 90 chemicals with relatively high fluorescence yields (see Table 1). Most commonly, this practice will be useful for distinguishing single fluorescent chemicals in solution, simple mixtures or single fluorescing chemicals in the presence of other nonfluorescing chemicals. Chemicals with high fluorescence yields tend to have aromatic rings, some heterocyclic rings or extended conjugated double-bond systems. Typical chemicals included on this list include aromatics, substituted aromatics such as phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's), some pesticides such as DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), some heterocyclics, and some esters, organic acids, and ketones.

TABLE 1 Summary of Experimental Parameters and Results

ChemicalCodeConcentra-
tions, ppm
Solventλexc, nm, nmNumber
of Peaks
WHM,
nm
Shoulder
Number
Detection
Limit
(DL), ppm
λ DL, nmComments
AcenaphtheneACN1.03CH290323 4... 30.001290
Acetone ACT227CH2904101... ...212290
AcridineACR96CH285/355386/4224/2...2/0......
ACR9.6ETOH290/355357/415 2/2...1/10.02/0.04290/355
Aniline ANL15.5CH2803161... ...0.037280
AnthraceneATH1.03CH355378 4... 10.001355
ATH1.55ETOH3553804... 10.001355
Aroclor 1242
1254
PC4
PC5
131
129
CH
CH
270
270
317
317
2
2
35
36
1
1
0.3
2
270
270
AtrazineATZ369CH290350 1... ...300290
AzinphosmethylAZP112CH350410 260 ...10350
AZP122ETOH340420280 ...4 340
Benz(a)anthraceneBAT1.1CH280386 4... 10.003280
Benzene BNZ79CH250279324 12/4 250/265
BenzonitrileBZN9.9CH260287 228 10.1/0.1260/270
Benzo(a)pyreneBAP0.088CH370405 6... 20.002370
Benzyl alcoholBAL99CH250284 227 10.1/0.1250/260
Benzyl amineBZM118CH250283 127 23/2 250/260
Benzyl triethylam-
monium chloride
BMA210H2O250 2801 28...59250
Bisphenol ABPA10.5ETOH270304 130 10.04/0.02270/285
Brucine BRU13.5ETOH280327156 ...2/2280/295
O-tert-ButylphenolBOP21CH265295 130 10.1/0.1265/275
p-tert-ButylphenolBTP17.5CH260295 131 10.6/0.4260/280
CarbarylCBY1.0CH285335 236 20.01285
Carnauba waxWCA63.5CH260310 164 ...42260
Castor oilOCA390ETOH290328 143 220 290
OCA286CH280/320...1... ...180/300280/320
CatecholCTC8.7H2O 265310146...0.4/0.2265/280
4-ChloroanilineCAP17.2CH290328 136 10.2 290
1-ChloronaphthaleneCNA11.3CH290328 334 40.1 290
p-ChlorophenolCPN101CH260305 130 ...1/0.1260/285
Chlorpyrifos (Duraban)DUR25.3CH 280326152...1/0.5280/295
p-ChlorotolueneCTN23.8CH265288 129 31/0.8265/275
p-Chloro-o-toluidineCOT25CH290328 139 10.09300
ChryseneCRY1.0CH270383 5... ...0.002270
Coconut oilOCC286CH290330 .........100290
Cod liver oilOCL323CH260/280
330
320/320
500
1/1
1
150...260,140
65
260,280
330
Copper naphthenateCNN98CH260326 160 33/1 260/280
Cottonseed oilOCS305CH280/320320/380.........165,300280,320
CoumaphosCOU11.4CH320377 174 ...0.3320
o-CresolCRO12.0CH265293 130 10.04280
p-CresolCRP10.3CH265299 130 ...0.03280
Cumene CUM101CH250283228 13 250
p-CymeneCMP11.8CH260285 128 20.4/0.2260/270
DDD DDD61.0CH240294130 24 240
DDT DDT87CH245291228 27 245
1,2,5,6-DibenzanthraceneDBA0.015CH 3003964...20.001300
Dicamba DIC22.2H2O310420 170 ...0.9310
DichlorobenilDIB108CH285312 130 ...0.6285
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy-
acetic acid
DCA159CH2703101 461 30270
DiethylbenzeneDEB100CH255283 128 20.2/0.1255/270
Diethylene glycolDEG202CH265310 2... ...202265
DiethylphthalateDEP145/289CH260/280300/3201/1.........280
2,4-DimethylphenolDMH10.5CH265300 131 10.2/0.04265/280
3,5-DimethylphenolDPM10.5CH265295 128 10.07/0.03265/280
DiphenylamineDAM11.2
1.2
CH
CH
290
290
333
333
1
1
37
37
2
2
...
...
290
290
photochemical change
DiphenyldichlorosilaneDDS157CH 260285230...3/2260/270
Diquat dibromideDQD35.5H2O 31034814110.055310
DodecylbenzeneDDB116CH250285 330 ...* 250* strong impurity
116 CH220285330...13.6220
Dowtherm ADTH10.8CH260305 233 20.035260
EthylbenzeneETB103CH250283 226 ...3.1/1.5250/260
FluorantheneFLA1.0CH360465 291 30.005360
Gallic acidGLA103H2O 290346177...0.70290
HydroquinoneHDQ1.1H2O 29032613810.025290
Indene IND175CH260309232 30.12260
Lard OLD340CH270330...... ......270
OLD287CH2803301... ......280
Linseed oilOLS355CH300418 1105 ...32300
MethoxychlorMOC95CH270299 130 11.3/0.8270,280
MethylanilineMAN10.8CH290325 135 ...0.01290
Methyl isobutyl
ketone
MIK 358CH2904001...... ...290
Methyl styreneMSR105CH255307 135 20.12255
NaphthaleneNPT10.5CH280323 224 30.02280
1-NaphthylamineNAD1.85CH325377 155 10.0012325
Nonyl phenolNNP17.1CH265298 128 ...0.09265
Olive oilOOL237CH260320 1... ......360
OOL290CH310......... ......310
Palm oilOPM300CH260320 160 ...218260
CH3505001140...300350
Peanut oilOPN249CH260,290120,3201............
Phenol PHN11.9CH265288130 20.011/0.007265/275
Phenyl etherDPE20.4CH265291 136 10.10265
Phthalic acidPHA97H2O 2803301100...84280
PHA228H2O270340 1100 ...114270
PiperazinePPZ235CH280350 1... .........
Polyethoxylated non-
ylphenol
PEN 9.5CH265297130... 0.08/0.03
17
265/280
PyrogallolPGA152H2O 270335186130270
QuinolineQNL113ETOH275321 5... 2... ...photolyzes
113 ETOH 355 420 1 70 0 ... ... photolyzes
95 CH 275 336 3 ... 2 0.37 275photolyzes
95 CH 350 ... 2 57 1 ... ...
ResorcinolRSC10.1H2O 26530313910.135/0.05265/280
Salicylic acidSLA1.5H2O 300409164...0.005300
Sodium dodecylben-
zenesulfonate
SDB 90CH 29034715220.90290
Soya bean oilOSB290CH270,320... .........0.300270,320
Styrene STY1.1CH270306232 20.03270
Tanaic acidTNA13H2O 2803401100...0.63280
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-
naphthalene
THN 12.3CH2602841272 0.21/0.13260/270
p-ToluidineTLI14.1CH290325 134 ...0.03290
Toluene TOL107CH250284227 12.1/1.6250/215
p-Toluene sulfonic acidTAP120H2O2602851281 2.1/1.5260/265
TricresylphosphateTCP123CH260288 166 10.55/0.35260/270
1,3,5-TriethylbenzeneTEB122CH 250292128312.5/1.5250/270
TurpentiveTPT301CH260283 134 331/13260/270
UndecylbenzeneUDB87.3CH250284 233 26.0 250
Uranyl nitrateUAN61.0H2O 29052035626.1/10.5290/330
m-XyleneXLM114CH260285 128 12.0/1.4260/270
o-XyleneXLO92CH260285 130 ...1.5/1.3260/270

With appropriate separatory techniques (HPLC, TLC, and column chromatography) and in some cases, special detection techniques (OMA's and diode arrays), this practice can be used to determine these 90 chemicals even in complex mixtures containing a number of other fluorescing chemicals. With the use of appropriate excitation and emission wavelengths and prior generation of calibration curves, this practice could be used for quantitation of these chemicals over a broad linear range.

Fluorescence is appropriately a trace technique and at higher concentrations (greater than 10 to 100 ppm) spectral distortions usually due to self-absorption, or inner-filter effects but sometimes ascribed to fluorescence quenching, may be observed. These effects can usually be eliminated by diluting the solution. Detection limits can be lowered following identification by using broader slit widths, but this may result in spectral broadening and distortion.

This practice assumes the use of a corrected spectrofluorometer (that is, one capable of producing corrected fluorescence spectra). On an uncorrected instrument, peak shifts and spectral distortions and changes in peak ratios may be noted. An uncorrected spectrofluorometer can also be used if appropriate data is generated on the instrument to be used.

Scope

1.1 This practice allows for the identification of 90 chemicals that may be found in water or in surface layers on water. This practice is based on the use of room-temperature fluorescence spectra taken from lists developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard (1). Ref (1) is the primary source for these spectra. This practice is also based on the assumption that such chemicals are either present in aqueous solution or are extracted from water into an appropriate solvent.

1.2 Although many organic chemicals containing aromatic rings, heterocyclic rings, or extended conjugated double-bond systems have appreciable quantum yields of fluorescence, this practice is designed only for the specific compounds listed. If present in complex mixtures, preseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), column chromatography, or thin-layer chromatography (TLC) would probably be required.

1.3 If used with HPLC, this practice could be used for the identification of fluorescence spectra generated by optical multichannel analyzers (OMA) or diode-array detectors.

1.4 For simple mixtures, or in the presence of other nonfluorescing chemicals, separatory techniques might not be required. The excitation and emission maximum wavelengths listed in this practice could be used with standard fluorescence techniques (Refs 2-6) to quantitate these ninety chemicals once identification had been established. For such uses, generation of a calibration curve, to determine the linear range for use of fluorescence quantitation would be required for each chemical. Examination of solvent blanks to subtract or eliminate any fluorescence background would probably be required.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Price:
Contact Sales
Related
Reprints and Permissions
Reprints and copyright permissions can be requested through the
Copyright Clearance Center
Details
Book of Standards Volume: 11.02
Developed by Subcommittee: D19.06
Pages: 6
DOI: 10.1520/D4763-06R12
ICS Code: 13.060.50