Standard Historical Last Updated: Oct 16, 2013 Track Document
ASTM C912-93(2008)e1

Standard Practice for Designing a Process for Cleaning Technical Glasses

Standard Practice for Designing a Process for Cleaning Technical Glasses C0912-93R08E01 ASTM|C0912-93R08E01|en-US Standard Practice for Designing a Process for Cleaning Technical Glasses Standard new BOS Vol. 15.02 Committee C14
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Significance and Use

Many of the low-silica technical glasses which contain soluble or reactive oxides require processing or involve applications that require cleaning. Very often these cleaning procedures have evolved over several decades and are considered an art. They usually contain numerous steps, some of questionable validity. It is the premise of this practice that cleaning glass can be more scientific. Design of a cleaning procedure should involve (1) a definition of the soil to be removed, (2) an awareness of the constraints imposed by the glass composition, and (3) a rational selection of alternative methods that will remove the soil and leave the glass in a condition suitable for its intended application. This practice provides information to assist in step (3). General references on glass cleaning and on various methods of evaluating cleanliness and associated information has been published.

Scope

1.1 This practice covers information that will permit design of a rational cleaning procedure that can be used with a glass that is somewhat soluble in many aqueous chemical solutions. Typically, this type of glass is used in applications such as optical ware, glass-to-metal seals, low dielectric loss products, glass fibers, infrared transmitting products, and products resistant to metallic vapors.

1.2 In most cases, this type of glass contains high concentrations of oxides that tend to react with a number of aqueous chemicals. Such oxides include B2O3, Al2O3, R2O, RO, La2O3, ZnO, PbO, P2O5, and Fe2O3. The more conventional high-silica glasses are usually more chemically resistant, but the cleaning principles outlined here also apply to them.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 4 and Table 1.

TABLE 1 Relative Solubility of Various Glass Component Oxides in HF, Other Inorganic Acids, and NaOH, in Concentrated Solutions at Room Temperature

Note 1—Macro or minor/trace levels will determine degree of precipitation, especially in acids, for example, HNO3 (Sn, Sb, Mo).

Note 2—W is soluble in acid but heat may precipitate it, for example, H2WO4.

Note 3—Sn+4 is soluble in hot H2SO4; Sn+2 is soluble in other reagents as well.

Note 4—Most alkali solutions must be hot to effect solution.

Note 5—PbSO4 is soluble in hot concentrated H2SO4.

Note 6—Sb and Bi form insoluble oxychlorides in dilute HCl.

Note 7—Ba is insoluble in concentrated HNO3.

Oxides ofHF
49 %
H2SO4
96 %
HNO3
70 %
HCl
37 %
HBrHIH3PO4
85 %
NaOH
50 %
Al sAsssiiis
Sb iAiisssis
Asssssssss
Baiissssss
Besssssssi
Bisssssssi
Bssssssss
Cdssssssss
Caisssssss
Ceisiiiiii
Criiiiiiii
Cosssssssi
Cusssssssi
Erissssssi
Euissssssi
Gdissssssi
Gasssssssi
Gessssssss
Auiiiiiiii
Hfsiiiiiii
Fesssssssi
Laissssssi
Pbiisiiiss
Lissssssss
Mgissssssi
Mnsssssssi
Moss iBsssss
Ndissssssi
Nisssssssi
Nbsiiiiiii
Pdssiiiiii
Pssssssss
Ptiiiiiiii
Kssssssss
Prissssssi
Pmissssssi
Rhissssssi
Rbissssssi
Ruissssssi
Smissssssi
Sessssssss
Sisiiiiiis
Agsssiiisi
Nassssssss
Sriiiiiiii
Tasiiiiiii
Tessssssss
Tlssssiisi
Ths sBiiiiii
Snssssssss
Tis sBisiiii
Wsiiiiiis
Usssiiiii
Vssssssss
Ybissssssi
Yissssssi
Znssssssss
Zrs sBiiiiii

A s = relatively soluble, i = relatively insoluble.

B hot

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Details
Book of Standards Volume: 15.02
Developed by Subcommittee: C14.02
Pages: 6
DOI: 10.1520/C0912-93R08E01
ICS Code: 81.040.01