ASTM Standards: Steel Plates, Pipes, Shapes, Forgings and Castings

About the Course

This two day course is designed to teach the basics of how common steel wrought products are made, such as: rolled plate/sheet/strip, forgings, tubulars, and wires to improve your ability to correctly review and write steel specifications when ordering or specifying steels based on ASTM Steel Standards.

These goals are achieved by studying more than 80 Connecting-the-Standards Examples covering more than 70 ASTM product specifications, general requirements specifications, test methods, practices, and terminology standards.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this course you will be able to:

• Recall how steel is made to produce wrought products
• Identify and apply ASTM standard steel terminology for wrought steel products
• Recall manufacturing methods for steel ingot and continuous cast processes to make blooms, billets, and slabs before the finished products as used in ASTM Standards
• Distinguish between a heat of steel and lot of steel, as well as between a steel’s heat analysis and product analysis as used in ASTM Standards
• Discuss steel refining practices such as rimmed steel, killed steel, deoxidation practices, inclusion control, and how they are used in ASTM Standards
• Describe how rolled, forged, tubular, and wire steel products are made and how each unique product form is specified in ASTM Standards
• Recall the anisotropic behavior of steels due the manufacturing direction of working and how this behavior affects the mechanical properties and testing of wrought steel products as specified requirements in ASTM standards.

Who Should Attend

This course is designed for all personnel involved with steels and particularly ASTM Steel Standards, such as, engineers, inspectors, QA/QC coordinators, NDE examiners, purchasers, inventory control personnel, tradespeople, manufacturing, fabricating and repair companies, engineering procurement companies, construction companies, and others working in most industries that use steel, including: civil construction (buildings, bridges), pressure equipment, ship building, water treatment, pipelines, oil and gas industries (oilfield, upgraders, refineries, etc.), chemical plants, petroleum refining, petrochemical plants, power plants, pulp and paper plants, fertilizer plants, and many others.

Course Outline

• What is a wrought steel product?
• How is steel made to produce wrought products?
  • Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) and electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking processes
  • What are heats and lots of steel?
  • What are rimmed, capped, killed, and semikilled steels?
  • What are Clean and Dirty Steels?
  • Deoxidation, desulfurization, and controlling inclusion content and shape control
• What are steel ingots, continuous strand castings, billets, blooms, and slabs?
• How are rolled plates, sheets, and strips made?
  • Rolling direction and thickness reduction
  • Advantages and disadvantages of hot vs cold rolled steels
  • Applications for steel plate, sheet, and strip
How are steel forgings made?
• What is a steel forging?
• Billets and blooms as forging starting stock
• Open die and closed-die forging; NDE and repair welding
• Advantages and disadvantages of steel forgings
• Applications for steel forgings
How are steel pipes and tubes made?
• What is the difference between steel pipe and tube?
• How are seamless and welded pipe or tube different?
• How are seamless steel pipe and tube made?
• bend testing (and referenced to E190 and E290)?
• How are FBW, ERW, and EFW pipe made?
• Advantages and disadvantages of seamless and welded pipe or tube
• Advantages and disadvantages of different welded pipe/tube types
• What is required when ordering steel pipe and tube?
• How is steel wire made?
  • Applications for steel wire
• What is anisotropic behavior of wrought steels and why is it important?
  • How are test specimens oriented in the wrought product to measure mechanical properties in different directions?
• What are laminations and lamellar tearing?

ASTM Standards Referenced

This course references the following standards:

• ASTM A6/A6M General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling
• ASTM A20/A20M General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels
• ASTM A53/A53M Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
• ASTM A67 Standard Specification for Steel Tie Plates, Low-Carbon and High-Carbon-Hot-Worked
• ASTM A106/A106M Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
• ASTM A108 Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished
• ASTM A131/A131M Structural Steel for Ships
• ASTM A134/A134M Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and over)
• ASTM A135/A135M Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe
• ASTM A178/A178M Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon- Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
• ASTM A182/A182M Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service
• ASTM A228/A228M Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Music Spring Quality
• ASTM A229/A229M Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs
• ASTM A266/A266M Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
• ASTM A288/A288M Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Magnetic Retaining Rings for Turbine Generators
• ASTM A291/A291M Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Pinions, Gears and Shafts for Reduction Gears
• ASTM A333/A333M Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service and Other Applications with Required Notch Toughness
• ASTM A350/A350M Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components
• ASTM A370 Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• ASTM A450/A450M Standard Specification for General Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
• ASTM A485 High Hardenability Antifriction Bearing Steel
• ASTM A498/A498M Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins
• ASTM A500/A500M Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes
• ASTM A505 Steel, Sheet and Strip, Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
• ASTM A506 Standard Specification for Alloy and Structural Alloy Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled
• ASTM Standards Referenced in Connecting-the-Standards© Examples (Continued)
• ASTM A510/A510M Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and Alloy Steel
• ASTM A516/A516M Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service
• ASTM A519/A519M Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Mechanical Tubing
• ASTM A530/A530M Standard Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
• ASTM A568/A568M Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for
• ASTM A579/A579M Standard Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
• ASTM A595/A595M Standard Specification for Steel Tubes, Low-Carbon or High-Strength Low-Alloy, Tapered for Structural Use
• ASTM A606/A606M Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
• ASTM A635/A635M Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Alloy, Carbon, Structural, High Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, General Requirements for
• ASTM A646/A646M Standard Specification for Premium Quality Alloy Steel Blooms and Billets for Aircraft and Aerospace Forgings
• ASTM A749/A749M Steel, Strip, Carbon and High Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled, General Requirements for
• ASTM A751 Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
• ASTM A770/A770M Standard Specification for Through-Thickness Tension Testing of Steel Plates for Special Applications
• ASTM A788/A788M Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• ASTM A822/A822M Standard Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Tubing for Hydraulic System Service
• ASTM A824 Standard Specification for Metallic-Coated Steel Marcelled Tension Wire for use with Chain Link Fence
• ASTM A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
• ASTM A1023/A1023M Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Wire Ropes for General Purposes
• ASTM A1024/A1024M Standard Specification for Steel Line Pipe, Black, Plain-End, Seamless
• ASTM A1110/A1110M Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes with 52 KSI [360 MPa] Minimum Yield Strength and Impact Requirements
• ASTM E7 Standard Terminology Relating to Metallography
• ASTM E45 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
• ASTM E1806 Standard Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition 

Fee Includes

• Referenced ASTM standards and course notes

About the Instructor

John E. Bringas, P.Eng. is the President and Founder of Codes and Standards Training Institute (CASTI). He is a professional engineer who has practiced metallurgical and materials engineering, and inspection since 1975. He has also been certified as an API 510, 570, 653, 571, 577, and 580 inspector, an AWS Certified Welding Inspector, an Alberta In-Service Pressure Vessel Inspector and Welding Examiner, and CGSB certified NDE examiner in UT and RT. He is a long-time committee member of ASTM A01 Steels, A05 Coated Steels, B02 Nonferrous Alloys, E04 Metallography, E28 Mechanical Testing, F42 Additive Manufacturing, J01 ASTM/NACE Committee on Corrosion, NACE STG 31 Oil and Gas Production—Corrosion and Scale Inhibition, STG 32 Oil and Gas Production-Metallurgy, STG 34 Petroleum Refining and Gas Processing, STG 35 Pipelines, Tanks, and Well Casings, STG 39 Process Industries—Materials Applications and Experiences, and past Canadian Representative on ISO TC 17-SC 4 (Steels). He is the author of the ASTM Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards, ASTM Handbook of Steel Data: American and European, ASTM Passport to Steel Database, and the CASTI Metals Data Books. Mr. Bringas has engineering work experience in the steel making, foundry, consulting (failure analysis), inspection, NDE, refinery, pipeline, and petrochemical industries.

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How Learning Will Be Assessed

Learning will be assessed through discussions. Participants are expected to ask questions if an issue is unclear to them.

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