Fuels Technology Hands-On Training

Early Bird Discount

ASTM automatically applies a discount of 10% when participants register 60 days prior to the start of the class.
*After the early bird period expires, registrations are subject to standard pricing.

About the Course

The Fuels Technology course will be most valuable to scientists and engineers whose job responsibilities include testing and usage of gasoline, diesel, and aviation fuels. This extensive 5-day course will not only benefit newcomers to this technology but also experienced fuel technologists. The instructor's vast experience in this area will allow him to focus on key issues related to fuel specifications, performance, additives, and fuel storage and distribution. His deep involvement with ASTM and his experience with global fuel issues enrich the course content. With recent trends towards environmentally friendly ultra-clean fuels, fuel specification testing procedures have attained a reasonable level of sophistication. The significance of such testing will be fully covered in this course.

The class is taught in a participatory atmosphere, comprised of a lecture section and a hands-on laboratory practical section where participants perform the prescribed test methods using the required instrumentation. In addition to the course workbook, you will also receive a copy of ASTM's manual on Significance of Tests for Petroleum Products, as well as copies of various ASTM standards.

Course Topics

• Hydrocarbon chemistry, refinery processes, and fuel blending
• Gasoline engine, combustion (knocking & octane)
• Volatility (distillation, vapor pressure, vapor liquid ratio)
• Gasoline specifications and sulfur reduction
• Gasoline testing procedures, additives, oxygenates, emissions
• Jet engine fuels and combustion, specifications, testing, volatility
• Jet fuels low temperature operability, viscosity, density, and specific energy
• Properties not controlled by specifications
• Brief discussion of Distribution and Quality Control procedures
• Aviation gasoline, specifications, testing, unleaded gas
• Diesel engine, combustion principles, cetane number, specifications and testing
• Diesel engine sulfur reduction, additives, lubricity, cold flow performance
• Diesel engine emissions and microbial contamination
• Fuel Storage, fuel distribution, quality control
• Fuels of the future

Learning Outcomes

By the end of the class you will be able to:

• Recall how gasoline and compositional variables affect engine performance
• Recall how to interpret test data to determine if gasoline meets required specifications and regulations
• Recall how to use octane blending equations and calculate volatility parameters
• Define how quality is maintained throughout the distribution system
• Discuss gasohol and other ethanol mixtures in gasoline
• Discuss reformulated gasoline, and the requirements mandated by the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act.

Who Should Attend

• Scientists
• Engineers
• Plant Supervisors
• Senior Technical Staff
• Senior Plant Operators
• Laboratory Personnel

Course Description

Registration: 7:30 AM-8:00 AM on first day
Class Lecture: 8:00 am-12:00 pm
Laboratory Practical: 1:00 pm-4:00 pm

Lunch will be provided.

A special five-day training course will be presented describing the specifications and testing of gasoline, diesel, and aviation fuels. Two days each will be devoted to gasoline and diesel, and one day to aviation fuel. Lectures will be presented each morning, and during the afternoons the attendees will conduct selected tests themselves in the laboratory. The presentations will discuss in detail the Standard Specifications for gasoline (ASTM D4814), for diesel fuel (D975), and aviation fuel (D1655). Additionally, gasoline topics will include chemistry, combustion, octane and octane enhancers, blending, volatility, distillation, driveability, vapor pressure and vapor liquid ratio, additives, oxygenates and worldwide gasoline specifications. The diesel topics will include diesel engine design and diesel combustion, cetane number and index, fuel grades and types, flash point, viscosity, sulfur, lubricity, detergency, cleanliness, microorganisms, cold flow performance, conductivity, and biodiesel. Aviation fuel topics will include jet engine fuels and combustion, water separation, cleanliness, volatility, density, specific energy, low temperature operability, and the specifications and testing of aviation gasoline. The standards covering the hands-on testing that the participants will conduct in the afternoons will be discussed in detail.

Day 1 and 2 - Gasoline

• Combustion
• Knocking, octane
• Volatility, Distillation
• Vapor pressure, Vapor liquid ratio
• Driveability, Worldwide gasoline specifications
• Oxygenates, Sulfur, Oxidation stability, Gums, Engine deposits
• Additives

Day 3 and 4 - Diesel

• Differences among No 1, No 2, and No 4 Diesel
• Pour and Cloud Points
• Flash Point
• Viscosity
• Copper Strip Corrosion
• Sulfur
• Ramsbottom Carbon Residue
• Lubricity, (HFRR)
• Cetane Number and Cetane Index
• Water and Sediment
• Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)
• Low Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)
• Biodiesel

Day 5 - Aviation Fuels

• Manufacture, Combustion in the Jet Engine
• Testing, Water Separation, Lubricity
• Specific Energy, Viscosity
• Additives, Static Electricity, Alternative Fuel Types

Each day following the morning lecture section, participants will perform a selection of test methods discussed during the day using the required instrumentation. This hands-on approach will reinforce the topics and subject matter discussed during the lecture session to enhance learning and retaining knowledge.

Day 1

D86 Distillation of Petroleum Products

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4 and 5 of D86.
2. Students will learn how to categorize a petroleum product by Group number 1,2,3, or 4 and use this information to determine what procedure to follow in the test method
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure Section 10 of D86.

D323 Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4 and 5 of D323.
2. Students will review each Procedure A, B, C, and D and determine what types of Petroleum Products apply to each Procedure.
3. Students will perform and follow each step of Procedure A, Section 12 of D323

D381 Existent Gum in Fuels by Jet Evaporation

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D381.
2. Students will be able to recognize what petroleum products require an Air-Jet Apparatus and what products require a Steam-Jet Apparatus for Evaporation.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure Section 11 of D381.

D525 Oxidation Stability of Gasoline

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D525.
2. Students will review the detailed Apparatus Section 6 and Annex A1, compare each section to the actual equipment required, and demonstrate how each component fits together to compile a complete Oxidation Stability Apparatus for Fuels.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure Section 10 of D525.

D130 Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Tarnish Test

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D130.
2. Students will be able to recognize what petroleum products require a Pressure Vessel Apparatus and what products require a Test Tube Apparatus.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure Sections 10 and 11 for Preparation of Test Strips and Test Procedure.

D7667 Determination of Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel -Thin Silver Strip Method

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D7667.
2. Students will be able to recognize what petroleum products require following Procedure A -Using a Pressure Vessel (PVP) and what products require following Procedure B - Using a Vented Test Tube (VTTP).
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure Sections 10 and 11 for Preparation of Test Strips and Test Procedure.

D1319 Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D1319.
2. Students will review the detailed Apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required, and demonstrate how each component fits together to compile a complete Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption Apparatus (FIA).
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step Procedure as per Section 10 of ASTM D1319.

Day 3

D93 Flash point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D93.
2. Students will review the detailed Apparatus Section 6 for both manual and automated equipment compare each section to the actual equipment required, and determine what procedure A, B, or C is applicable to what product type, and what the key parameter differences are between each procedure.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step Procedure A, B, C, (Section 11, 12,13) of D93.

D2500 Cloud Point of Petroleum Products

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D2500.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure Section 8 of D2500.

D97 Pour Point of Petroleum Products

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D97.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure Section 8 of D97.

D445 Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D445.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure in Sections 10 General and 11 for Transparent Liquids.

Day 4

D2709 Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D2709.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure in Section 8 of D2709.

D524 Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D524.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure in Section 9 of D524.

D6371 Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D6371.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure in Section 12 of D6371.

D6079 Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D6079.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure in Section 11 and measuring the wear scar in Section 12.

D4294 Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 3, and 4 of D4294.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure in Section 12 of D4294.

Day 5

D1298 Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D1298.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure in Section 10 of D1298.

D2386 Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D1298.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure in Section 10 of D1298.

D2624 Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D2624.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure in Section 11 of D2624.

D1322 Smoke Point of Kerosine and Aviation Turbine Fuel

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D1322.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure from Section 11.1 to 11.5.6 of D1322.

D3948 Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer

Learning Objectives:

1. Students will fully understand the scope, summary, significance and use as described in Sections 1, 4, and 5 of D3948.
2. Students will review the detailed apparatus Section 6 and compare each section to the actual equipment required.
3. Students will perform and follow the step by step procedure in Section 10 of D3948.

ASTM Standards Referenced

Test Methods

• D86 Distillation of Petroleum Products
• D93 Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
• D97 Pour Point of Petroleum Products
• D130 Detection of Copper Corrosion from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Tarnish Test
• D381 Existent Gum in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
• D445 Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• D524 Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
• D525 Oxidation Stability of Gasoline
• D975 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
• D1298 Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
• D1319 Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
• D1322 Smoke Point of Kerosine and Aviation Turbine Fuel
• D1655 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
• D2500 Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
• D2624 Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
• D2709 Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
• D3948 Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
• D4294 Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
• D4814 Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• D6079 Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)
• D6371 Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels
• D7667 Determination of Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel -Thin Silver Strip Method

Manuals

• Significance of Tests for Petroleum Products

Fee Includes

• All referenced ASTM standards and course notes
• Transportation to and from tour site
• Coffee breaks
• Course Completion Certificate with 3.5 Continuing Education Units (CEUs)

About the Instructors

Dr. Salvatore J. Rand is an ASTM Fellow and a consultant in motor and aviation fuel technology. He is vice-chairman of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, former chairman of Subcommittee 5 on Properties of Fuels, and secretary of the section on Color and Reactivity. He is retired from the Fuels Research Division of Texaco's R&D Department. Rand received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Fordham University and his Ph.D degree in physical chemistry from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

David Forester has over 40 years' experience in the fuel and refining additive business and has over 35 US patents on development of diesel and jet fuel additives, refinery antifoulants, and other refinery and process related additives. He has designed, implemented and/or automated many fuel test methods, including many ASTM standards that have resulted in new additive products, reformulations, and improvements to diesel fuel additive products. He has been a member of ASTM Committee D02 for over 20 years and currently serves as Chairman of Subcommittee D02.14 Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels which has jurisdiction for 48 ASTM standards, test methods, practices and guides. Mr. Forester has authored or co-authored multiple SAE and IASH papers/presentations, and co-authored Chapter 11 "Methods for Assessing Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels" in Significance of Tests for Petroleum Products" 8th Edition published 2010 by ASTM. He is currently functioning as associate editor of fuels for the 2nd edition revision to "The Fuels and Lubricant Handbook" published by ASTM.

Dr. Raj Shah currently holds the position of Director at Koehler Instrument Company, Long Island, NY where he has been working for the past two decades. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from the Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT) and a Ph. D in Chemical Engineering from The Pennsylvania State University and a MCP degree in Marketing and Management from Long Island University.

He is an active member of ASTM, STLE, NLGI, SAE, ACS, AOCS, SPE and AICHE and chairs various subcommittees in several of these organizations. He has over 100 publications and has co-edited an ASTM reference bestseller book "Fuels and Lubricant Handbook: Technology, Properties, Performance and Testing."

Dr. Shah is an elected Fellow of The Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) and was given the honor in 2016, in recognition for his outstanding contributions to the field of tribology. He is also the recipient of the Fellows award from NLGI since 2007, which endorsed his invaluable work in the field of greases. Raj is a Certified Professional Chemist and a Certified Chemical engineer with the National certification commission in chemistry and chemical engineering. He has also been awarded the Chartered Scientist status from the Science Council, UK and the Chartered Chemist status from the Royal society of chemistry.

Dr. Shah is an elected fellow of American Institute of Chemists and of the Energy Institute, UK. That fellowship was awarded to him in recognition of his professional experience and depth of knowledge and expertise that helped make a difference in the field of Energy. Raj is also a Chartered engineer with the Engineering Council, UK and was elected a Chartered Petroleum engineer with the Energy Institute in recognition of his specific expertise as a practitioner in energy engineering. Dr. Shah is a recent recipient of the PM Ku medal from STLE and the John A Bellanti Sr. Memorial award from NLGI, both prestigious recognitions for his volunteer work with the respective institutions over the years.

Raj has been particularly active with ASTM going back approximately 25 years. He was the vice-chair for the D02.G committee for over 12 years and served in leadership capacities in subcommittees D02. 9 and D02.12. In recent years, Dr. Shah is a co-instructor for the ASTM hands-on Motor gasoline course, and the ASTM Fuel technology Course. Raj is a previous recipient of the ASTM Award of Excellence thrice in his career, and has also been lauded with the illustrious ASTM Eagle award.

Dr. Shah is an elected fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, which is typically awarded by one's peers to signify a scientist's high level of accomplishment. Dr. Shah is the only recipient of both the President's award and the Long service award from NLGI India and was honored in 2013 with the distinguished alumni award recipient from the Institute of Chemical Technology.

Raj volunteers his time to both professional and charitable organizations and has served on the Founders board of directors of Developmental Disabilities institute, a special needs school for autistic children in Long Island, and also served on the NLGI board of directors for over 15 years. Dr. Shah is involved in working closely with several universities and is currently on the advisory board at: The Department of Chemical Engineering: State University of New York, Stony Brook, The School of Engineering, Design, Technology and Professional programs (SEDTAPP): Pennsylvania State University, and the Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Tribology and lubrication science minor at Auburn University. Fluent in multiple languages, he enjoys world music, mixology, kayaking and mobile photography and lives in Melville, NY with his family.

Vincent Colantuoni, B.E, M.B.A, is the Product Manager for Koehler Instrument Company, Inc.

Koehler is a Manufacturer of Petroleum Testing Equipment with their major customer base being Petroleum Refineries, Inspection and Research Laboratories and other Major Universities and Institutions, where he has 10 years of experience in the Petroleum/Petrochemical Industry.

Vincent has been an active member of ASTM International, a worldwide standardization organization since 2008, in Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants. At ASTM International, he serves as the Secretary of Subcommittee 9, Section C on the Oxidation Testing of Turbine Oils. Within this section, Vincent is also the Technical Contact for ASTM test method D943 and is responsible for any changes being proposed or made to the method. Vincent also assumes administrative responsibilities in Subcommittee C for Turbine Oils and Subcommittee G on Lubricating Greases. In Subcommittee C, he is the Technical Contact for ASTM test methods D665 and D3605. In Subcommittee G, he is the Technical Contact for ASTM test methods D217 and D1403.

Education:

Master of Business Administration, M.B.A. Double Major in Management/Operations Management and Sustainable Business 2015, Baruch College, City University of New York, N.Y.

Bachelors of Engineering, B.E. in Chemical Engineering Specialization in Business Management and Technology Transfer 2007, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N.Y.

About ASTM and Sponsoring Committee

Organized in 1898, ASTM is one of the world's largest voluntary standards development organizations. ASTM standards have grown to be among the world's most widely used and accepted documents. The 82-volume Annual Book of ASTM Standards contain 12,000 standards written by 34,000 members on our 140 technical committees. Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants developed the standards used in this course. For more information, contact Alyson Fick at (610) 832-9710 or go to our D02 technical committee page.

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How Learning Will Be Assessed

Learning will be assessed through a series of question and answer sessions.

Questions About This Training Course

For information on this training course, please contact Training or call (610) 832-9686.