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ASTM F436 / F436M - 19
Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
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Abstract
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. The types of washers covered here are: Type 1—washers made of carbon steel; and Type 3—washers made of weathering steel. Moreover, the styles of washers covered here are: circular washers, which are suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits; beveled washers, which are square and rectangular with a beveled 1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams and channels; and clipped washers, which are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped. Steels to be used to manufacture the washers shall be produced by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Each type and style of washer shall be suitably sampled, and should conform to specified values of chemical composition, Rockwell hardness, inside and outside diameter, thickness, and clipped width.
This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of 1/4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A354, A449, A563, A563M, F959/F959M, and F3125.
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material, by style denoting the shape, and by inch or metric dimensions.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel.
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher at the suppliers option.
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal sizes 1/4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100 suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes 1/2 through 11/2 in., M12 through M16, with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes 1/2 through 4 in., with a nominal thickness of 5/16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inch fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
A354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
A449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
A563M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Metric)
A588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A1059 Specification for Zinc Alloy Thermo-Diffusion Coatings (TDC) on Steel Fasteners, Hardware, and Other Products
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
F606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
F1136/F1136M Specification for Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protective Coatings for Fasteners
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical Properties and Performance Inspection
F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
F3125 Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts and Assemblies, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, Inch Dimensions 120 ksi and 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, and Metric Dimensions 830 MPa and 1040 MPa Minimum Tensile Strength
G101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 21.060.20 (Nuts)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 31161800(Washers)
Referencing This Standard
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DOI: 10.1520/F0436_F0436M-19
Citation Format
ASTM F436 / F436M-19, Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019, www.astm.org
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