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ASTM D8166 - 21a
Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and Bottle Sampler Automatic Particle Condition Monitors
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Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field to evaluate the cleanliness of distillate fuels, and liquid biofuels, such as biodiesel and diesel blends. This specific test method and the precision statement applies to off-line analysis.
Note 4: These PCMs can be used for high pressure on-line applications as well, however the repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) for on-line application were not established.
5.2 An increase in particulate counts can indicate a change in the fuel condition caused for example by contamination during storage or transfer. Potential causes of particulates formation during storage could be “fuel-degradation products,” as described in Specification D975, Appendix X3.
5.3 High levels of particles can cause filter blockages (especially when the particles are close in size to the filter porosity rating) and have a serious impact on the life of pumps, injectors, pistons, and other moving parts. Knowledge of particle size in relation to the metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of particles is also known from other sources.
5.4 This test method specifies a minimum requirement for reporting measurements in particle size bands (A1.2.1). Some specific applications may require measurements in other particle size bands. The particle count from the test should be carefully interpreted by the user as it can potentially over-state risk of abrasive damage or filter blocking due to counting water droplets as well as hard dirt particles.
5.5 In situations where there is a requirement for the calibration of the apparatus to be in accordance with ISO 11171, Test Methods D7619, IP 565, or IP 577 should be used.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method uses specific automatic particle condition monitors (PCMs) to count and measure the size of dispersed dirt particles, water droplets and other particulates, in middle distillate fuel, in the overall range from 4 µm to 70 µm and in the size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, ≥14 µm, and ≥30 µm.
1.2 This test method has interim repeatability precision only, see Section 14 for more information.
Note 1: ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method include Specifications: D975, D1655, D3699, D7467, MIL-DTL-83133, MIL-DTL-5624, and distillate grades of D396 and D2880.
Note 2: For the purposes of this test method, water droplets are counted as particles, and agglomerated particles are detected and counted as a single larger particle. Dirt includes microbial particulates. Although the projected area of a particle is measured, this is expressed as the diameter of a circle for the purposes of this test method. The detector is unable to distinguish between dirt and water particles.
Note 3: This test method may be used for particle sizes bands up to 70 µm, however the interim repeatability has only been determined for the size bands ≥4 µm, ≥6 µm, and ≥14 µm. All measurements are counts per millilitre.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D3699 Specification for Kerosine
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter
ISO Standards
ISO 12103 Road vehiclesTest contaminants for filter evaluationPart 1: Arizona test dustEnergy Institute Test Methods
IP 564 Determination of the level of cleanliness of aviation turbine fuel Automatic particle condition monitor IP 565 Determination of the level of cleanliness of aviation turbine fuel Portable automatic particle counter method IP 577 Determination of the level of cleanliness of aviation turbine fuelAutomatic particle counter method using light extinctionU.S. Dept. of Defense Specifications
MIL-DTL-5624 Specification: Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Grades JP-4 (NATO F-40 and JP-5 (NATO F-44) MIL-DTL-83133ICS Code
ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 15101700(Fuel Oils)
Referencing This Standard
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DOI: 10.1520/D8166-21A
Citation Format
ASTM D8166-21a, Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and Bottle Sampler Automatic Particle Condition Monitors, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2021, www.astm.org
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