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Significance and Use
5.1 The determination of class group composition of automotive spark-ignition fuels as well as quantification of various individual species such as oxygenates and aromatics in automotive fuels is useful for evaluating quality and expected performance, as well as compliance with various governmental regulations.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is a standard procedure for the determination in percent mass or percent volume of hydrocarbon group types (paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatics), methanol, ethanol, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes in automotive spark-ignition engine fuels using gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet detection (GC-VUV).
1.1.1 The concentration ranges for which precision has been determined are as follows:
Property | Units | Applicable Range |
Paraffins | % Volume | 3.572 to 23.105 |
Isoparaffins | % Volume | 22.697 to 71.993 |
Olefins | % Volume | 0.011 to 44.002 |
Olefin | % Mass | 0.027 to 41.954 |
Naphthenes | % Volume | 0.606 to 18.416 |
Aromatics | % Volume | 14.743 to 58.124 |
Methanol | % Volume | 0.063 to 3.426 |
Ethanol | % Mass | 0.042 to 15.991 |
Benzene | % Volume | 0.09 to 1.091 |
Toluene | % Volume | 0.698 to 31.377 |
Ethylbenzene | % Volume | 0.5 to 3.175 |
Xylenes | % Volume | 3.037 to 18.955 |
Naphthalene | % Volume | 0.019 to 0.779 |
Methylnaphthalenes | % Volume | 0.21 to 1.484 |
1.1.2 This test method may be applicable to other concentration ranges, to other properties, or to other hydrocarbon streams, however precision has not been determined.
1.2 Individual hydrocarbon components are typically not baseline-separated by the procedure described in this test method, that is, some components will coelute. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra and deconvolution algorithms.
1.3 While this test method reports percent mass and percent volume for several specific components that may be present in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel, it does not attempt to speciate all possible components that may occur in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. In particular, this test method is not intended as a type of detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA).
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See specific hazard statements in subsection 8.4 and Section 9.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D3606 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Spark Ignition Fuels by Gas Chromatography
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection
D5769 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
D6730 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100-Metre Capillary (with Precolumn) High-Resolution Gas Chromatography
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 12350000(Compounds and mixtures); 15101506(Gasoline or Petrol)
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DOI: 10.1520/D8071-20
Citation Format
ASTM D8071-20, Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbon Group Types and Select Hydrocarbon and Oxygenate Compounds in Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-VUV), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020, www.astm.org
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