ASTM D8047 - 19
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
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Significance and Use
5.1 Background—Prior to this test method, the ability of an engine lubricant to resist aeration was measured by the engine oil aeration test (EOAT) described in Test Method D6894. The continued availability of engine parts coupled with field service aeration problems led to concerns about the relevance of this test method to newer oil and engine technologies. These concerns prompted the development of this new engine oil aeration test method, based on the Caterpillar C13 engine and termed COAT. This test method aims to provide a more reliable measurement of the ability of a lubricant to resist aeration during engine operation in field service. The engine used is of current technology and the aeration measurement is operator independent.
5.2 Test Method—This test method evaluates aeration performance under high-engine-speed, zero-load operation in a turbocharged, heavy-duty, four-stroke diesel engine.
5.3 Use:
5.3.1 The tendency of engine oils to aerate in direct-injection, turbocharged diesel engines is influenced by a variety of factors, including engine oil formulation, oil temperature, sump design and capacity, residence time of the oil in the sump, and the design of the pressurized oil systems. In some engine oil-activated systems, the residence time of the oil in the sump is insufficient to allow dissipation of aeration from the oil. As a consequence, aerated oil can be circulated to hydraulically activated components, adversely affecting the engine timing characteristics and engine operation.
5.3.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements such as Specification D4485 to ascertain acceptance.
5.3.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the unique operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing the test results against specification requirements.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method evaluates an engine oil's resistance to aeration in automotive diesel engine service. It is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar-C13 Engine-Oil Aeration Test (COAT). The test is conducted under high-engine-speed (1800 r/min), zero-load conditions using a specified Caterpillar 320 kW, direct-injection, turbocharged, after-cooled, six-cylinder diesel engine designed for heavy-duty, on-highway truck use. This test method was developed as a replacement for Test Method D6894.
Note 1: Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent, for example, screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size.
1.3 This test method is arranged as follows:
|
| Section |
| Scope | 1 |
| Referenced Documents | 2 |
| Terminology | 3 |
| Summary of Test Method | 4 |
| Significance and Use | 5 |
| Apparatus | 6 |
| Engine Liquids and Cleaning Solvent | 7 |
| Preparation of Apparatus | 8 |
| Engine Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests | 9 |
| Procedure | 10 |
| Calculation, Test Validity and Test Results | 11 |
| Report | 12 |
| Precision and Bias | 13 |
| Keywords | 14 |
| ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization | Annex A1 |
| Safety Precautions | Annex A2 |
| Engine and Engine Build Parts Kit | Annex A3 |
| Oil Temperature Control System | Annex A4 |
| Engine Modifications and Instrumentation | Annex A5 |
| External Oil System | Annex A6 |
| Aeration Measurement System | Annex A7 |
| Specified Units and Formats | Annex A8 |
| ASTM TMC: Calibration Procedures | Annex A9 |
| ASTM TMC: Maintenance Activities | Annex A10 |
| ASTM TMC: Related Information | Annex A11 |
| Engine Break-in and Silicon Passivation Procedure | Annex A12 |
| Schedule for Taking Oil Samples and Carrying out Analyses | Annex A13 |
| Determination of Operational Validity | Annex A14 |
| Specification for PC-10 ULSD Fuel | Annex A15 |
| Typical System Configuration | Appendix X1 |
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A2 for general safety precautions.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
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D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5186 Test Method for Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (SLBOCLE)
D6894 Test Method for Evaluation of Aeration Resistance of Engine Oils in Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine
D7549 Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output ConditionsCaterpillar C13 Test Procedure
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 15121501(Engine oil); 26101504(Diesel engines)
Referencing This Standard
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DOI: 10.1520/D8047-19
Citation Format
ASTM D8047-19, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oil Aeration Resistance in a Caterpillar C13 Direct-Injected Turbocharged Automotive Diesel Engine, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019, www.astm.org
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