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Significance and Use
5.1 Residue in LPG is a contaminant that can lead to operational problems in some end use applications. Engines, micro-turbines, fuel cells and other equipment may be sensitive to residue levels as low as 10 mg/kg.
5.2 Contamination of LPG can occur during production, transport, delivery, storage and use. A qualitative indication of the contaminants can help track down the source of the contamination from manufacture, through the distribution system, and to the end user.
5.3 This test method is designed to provide a lower detection limit, wider dynamic range, and better accuracy than gravimetric methods like Test Method D2158.
5.4 This test method can be performed with little or no discharge of LPG vapors, compared to Test Method D2158 which requires evaporation of 100 mL of sample per test.
5.5 Sampling for residue in LPG using sorbent tubes can be performed in the field, and the sorbent tubes sent to a laboratory for analysis. This saves significant costs in shipping (weight of tube is approximately 10 grams), and is much safer and easier than transporting LPG cylinders.
5.6 This test method determines total residues from C6 to C40, compared to a thermal gravimetric residue method such as Test Method D2158 which heat the residue to 38°C, resulting in a lower recovery due to loss of lighter residue components.
5.7 If there is a need to decrease the detection limit of residue or individual compounds of interest below 10 µg/g, the procedures in this test method can be modified to achieve 50 times enhanced detection limit, or 0.2 µg/g.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of residue in LPG by automated thermal desorption/gas chromatography (ATD/GC) using flame ionization detection (FID).
1.2 The quantitation of residue covers a component boiling point range from 69°C to 522°C, equivalent to the boiling points of C6 through C40 n-paraffins.
1.2.1 The boiling range covers possible LPG contaminants such as gasoline, diesel fuel, phthalates and compressor oil. Qualitative information on the nature of the residue can be obtained from this test method.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D2158 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Floating Piston Cylinder
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
Environmental Protection Agency
EPA Method TO-17 Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air using Active Sampling onto Sorbent TubesICS Code
ICS Number Code 75.160.30 (Gaseous fuels)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 15111510(Liquified petroleum gas)
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DOI: 10.1520/D7828-12
Citation Format
ASTM D7828-12, Standard Test Method for Determination of Residue Composition in Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Using Automated Thermal Desorption/Gas Chromatography (ATD/GC), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012, www.astm.org
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