ASTM D7740 - 20
Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
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Significance and Use
5.1 Accurate elemental analysis of petroleum products and lubricants is necessary for the determination of chemical properties, which are used to establish compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.
5.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in the oil industry for elemental analysis. There are at least twelve Standard Test Methods published by ASTM D02 Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants for such analysis. See Table 1.
5.3 The advantage of using an AAS analysis include good sensitivity for most metals, relative freedom from interferences, and ability to calibrate the instrument based on elemental standards irrespective of their elemental chemical forms. Thus, the technique has been a method of choice in most of the oil industry laboratories. In many laboratories, AAS has been superseded by a superior ICP-AES technique (see Practice D7260).
5.4 Some of the ASTM AAS Standard Test Methods have also been issued by other standard writing bodies as technically equivalent standards. See Table 2.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and operational guidance for elemental measurements using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
1.1.1 AAS Related Standards—Test Methods D1318, D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184, D5863, D6732; Practices D7260 and D7455; and Test Methods D7622 and D7623.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D3340 Test Method for Lithium and Sodium in Lubricating Greases by Flame Photometer
D3348 Test Method for Rapid Field Test for Trace Lead in Unleaded Gasoline (Colorimetric Method)
D3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy
D3831 Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D4628 Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D5056 Test Method for Trace Metals in Petroleum Coke by Atomic Absorption
D5184 Test Methods for Determination of Aluminum and Silicon in Fuel Oils by Ashing, Fusion, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D5863 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
D6732 Test Method for Determination of Copper in Jet Fuels by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
D6792 Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories
D7260 Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D7455 Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis
D7622 Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion and Direct Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method with Zeeman Background Correction
D7623 Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion-Gold Amalgamation and Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis); 75.040 (Crude petroleum); 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products); 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 15101500(Petroleum and distillates)
Referencing This Standard
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DOI: 10.1520/D7740-20
Citation Format
ASTM D7740-20, Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020, www.astm.org
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