ASTM D6923 - 18
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
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Significance and Use
5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil's deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.3
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:
| Scope | 1 |
| Referenced Documents | 2 |
| Terminology | 3 |
| Summary of Test Method | 4 |
| Significance and Use | 5 |
| Apparatus and Installation | 6 |
| Intake Air System | 6.2.1 |
| Exhaust System | 6.2.2 |
| Fuel System | 6.2.3 |
| Oil Consumption System | 6.2.4 |
| Engine Oil System | 6.2.5 |
| Engine Coolant System | 6.2.6 |
| Engine Instrumentation | 6.2.7 |
| Reagents and Materials | 7 |
| Oil Samples | 8 |
| Preparation of Apparatus | 9 |
| General Engine Assembly Practices | 9.1 |
| Complete Engine Inspection | 9.2 |
| Copper Component | 9.3 |
| Engine Lubricant System Flush | 9.4 |
| Engine Piston Cooling Jet | 9.5 |
| Engine Measurements and Inspections | 9.6 |
| Cylinder Head | 9.7 |
| Valve Guide Bushings | 9.8 |
| Fuel Injector | 9.9 |
| Piston and Rings | 9.10 |
| Cylinder Liner | 9.11 |
| Compression Ratio | 9.12 |
| Engine Timing | 9.13 |
| Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure | 9.14 |
| Calibration and Standardization | 10 |
| Test Cell Instrumentation | 10.1 |
| Instrumentation Standards | 10.2 |
| Coolant Flow | 10.3 |
| Fuel Injectors | 10.4 |
| Air Flow | 10.5 |
| Intake Air Barrel | 10.6 |
| Fuel Filter | 10.7 |
| Oil Scale Flow Rates | 10.8 |
| Test Stand Calibration | 10.9 |
| Re-calibration Requirements | 10.9.1 |
| Extending Test Stand Calibration Period | 10.9.2 |
| Test Run Numbering | 10.10 |
| Humidity Calibration Requirements | 10.11 |
| Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters | 10.12 |
| Procedure | 11 |
| Engine Break-in Procedure | 11.1 |
| Cool-down Procedure | 11.2 |
| Warm-up Procedure | 11.3 |
| Shutdowns and Lost Time | 11.4 |
| Periodic Measurements | 11.5 |
| Engine Control Systems | 11.6 |
| Engine Coolant | 11.6.1 |
| Engine Fuel System | 11.6.2 |
| Engine Oil Temperature | 11.6.3 |
| Exhaust Pressure | 11.6.4 |
| Intake Air | 11.6.5 |
| Post-Test Procedures | 11.7 |
| Piston Ring Side Clearances | 11.7.1 |
| Piston Ratings | 11.7.2 |
| Ring Gap End Increase | 11.7.3 |
| Cylinder Liner Wear | 11.7.4 |
| Cylinder Liner Bore Polish | 11.7.5 |
| Photographs | 11.7.6 |
| Calculation and Interpretation of Results | 12 |
| Test Validity | 12.1 |
| Calculations | 12.4 |
| Quality Index | 12.4.1 |
| Oil Consumption | 12.4.2 |
| Report | 13 |
| Forms and Data Dictionary | 13.1 |
| Test Validity | 13.2 |
| Report Specifics | 13.3 |
| Precision and Bias | 14 |
| Precision | 14.1 |
| Bias | 14.2 |
| Keywords | 9.11.1 |
| Annexes |
|
| Engine and Parts Warranty | Annex A1 |
| Instrument Locations, Measurements and Calculations | Annex A2 |
| Cooling System Arrangement | Annex A3 |
| Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation | Annex A4 |
| Fuel System Design and Required Components | Annex A5 |
| Oil System | Annex A6 |
| Additional Report Forms | Annex A7 |
| Engine Assembly and Inspection Information | Annex A8 |
| Flushing Instructions and Apparatus | Annex A9 |
| Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions | Annex A10 |
| Piston and Liner Rating Modifications | Annex A11 |
| Return Goods Authorization Claim Form | Annex A12 |
| Appendixes |
|
| Various Examples of Supplemental Information for Reference Purposes | Appendix X1 |
| Safety | Appendix X2 |
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
D3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
D4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
D4863 Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine
D5966 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
D5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
D6202 Test Method for Automotive Engine Oils on the Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in the Sequence VIA Spark Ignition Engine
D6594 Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135 C
D6681 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel EngineCaterpillar 1P Test Procedure
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
SAE Standard
SAE J183 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classification Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.ICS Code
ICS Number Code 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products)
Referencing This Standard
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DOI: 10.1520/D6923-18
Citation Format
ASTM D6923-18, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, www.astm.org
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