ASTM D6593 - 18
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automotive engine oil's control of engine deposits under operating conditions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This test method was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services. The same field service oils were then used in developing the operating conditions of this test procedure.
FIG. 1 Schematic of Engine Fuel System
5.2 This test method, along with other test methods, defines the minimum performance level of the API Category SL (detailed information about this category is included in Specification D4485). This test method is also incorporated in automobile manufacturers' factory-fill specifications.
5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, should be considered when interpreting test results.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test,2 and it has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.3 It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A5.
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
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| Section | |
| Scope | 1 | |
| Referenced Documents | 2 | |
| Terminology | 3 | |
| Summary of Test Method | 4 | |
| Significance and Use | 5 | |
| Apparatus (General Description) | 6 | |
| Apparatus (The Test Engine) | 7 | |
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| Sequence VG Test Engine | 7.1 |
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| Required New Engine Parts | 7.2 |
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| Reusable Engine Parts | 7.3 |
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| Specially Fabricated Engine Parts | 7.4 |
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| Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment | 7.5 |
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| Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation | 7.6 |
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| Solvents and Cleaners Required | 7.7 |
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| Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations | 7.8 |
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| Assembling the Test Engine-Installations | 7.9 |
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| Engine Installation on the Test Stand | 7.10 |
| Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) | 8 | |
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| Intake Air | 8.1 |
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| Fuel and Fuel System | 8.2 |
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| Engine Oil and Engine Oil System | 8.3 |
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| Coolants | 8.4 |
| Measurement Instrumentation | 9 | |
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| Temperatures | 9.1 |
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| Pressures | 9.2 |
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| Flow Rates | 9.3 |
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| Fuel Consumption | 9.4 |
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| Speed and Load | 9.5 |
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| Exhaust Gas | 9.6 |
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| Humidity | 9.7 |
| Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment | 10 | |
| Test Stand Calibration | 11 | |
| Test Procedure | 12 | |
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| Pre-Test Procedure | 12.1 |
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| Engine Operating Procedure | 12.2 |
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| Periodic Measurements and Functions | 12.3 |
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| Special Maintenance Procedures | 12.4 |
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| Diagnostic Data Review | 12.5 |
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| End of Test Procedure | 12.6 |
| Interpretation of Test Results | 13 | |
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| Parts Rating Area-Environment | 13.1 |
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| Sludge Ratings | 13.2 |
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| Varnish Ratings | 13.3 |
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| Clogging | 13.4 |
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| Sticking | 13.5 |
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| Used Oil Analyses | 13.6 |
| Assessment of Test Validity | 14 | |
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| General | 14.1 |
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| Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation | 14.2 |
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| Blowby Flow Rate | 14.3 |
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| Manifold Absolute Pressure | 14.4 |
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| Fuel Consumption Rate | 14.5 |
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| Oil Consumption | 14.6 |
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| Engine Parts Replacement | 14.7 |
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| Quality Index and Deviation Percentage | 14.8 |
| Final Test Report | 15 | |
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| Report Forms | 15.1 |
| Precision and Bias | 16 | |
| Keywords | 17 | |
| ANNEXES |
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| ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization | Annex A1 |
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| ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures | Annex A2 |
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| ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities | Annex A3 |
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| ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information | Annex A4 |
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| Safety Precautions | Annex A5 |
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| Control and Data Acquisition Requirements | Annex A6 |
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| Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus | Annex A7 |
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| Special Service Tools for the Test Engine | Annex A8 |
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| Test Engine Part Number Listing | Annex A9 |
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| External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique | Annex A10 |
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| Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary | Annex A11 |
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| Dipstick Calibration | Annex A12 |
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| Critical Part Supplier List | Annex A13 |
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| Operational Data Log-Engine Oil | Annex A14 |
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| Rating Worksheets | Annex A15 |
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| Fuel Injector Flow Measurements | Annex A16 |
| APPENDIXES |
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| Piston and Ring Measurements Record Forms | Appendix X1 |
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| Sources of Materials and Information | Appendix X2 |
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| Description of Scott Quarterly Gas Audit Service | Appendix X3 |
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)
D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D2789 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low Olefinic Gasoline by Mass Spectrometry
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels
D3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spectroscopy
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5769 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Two-Stroke Cycle Turbo-Supercharged 6V92TA Diesel Engine
D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
ANSI Standard
ANSI MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-ThermocouplesICS Code
ICS Number Code 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 15121501(Engine oil)
Referencing This Standard
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DOI: 10.1520/D6593-18
Citation Format
ASTM D6593-18, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, www.astm.org
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