ASTM D501 - 03(2016)
Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkaline Detergents
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Abstract
These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents. These detergents include caustic soda, soda ash, modified soda (sequicarbonate type), sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, borax, and sodium triphosphate. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of the detergents: total alkalinity, matter insoluble in water content, apparent density, ignition loss, pH level, turbidity, temperature rise, and particle size. Chemical analysis of the samples shall be performed by using either reverse-flow ion-exchange chromatography or paper chromatography.
This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
|
| Sections |
| Caustic Soda: |
|
| Sampling | 5 |
| Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O) | 6 – 8 |
| Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) | 9 – 11 |
| Carbonate as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) | 12 |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by the Evolution Method | 13 – 16 |
| Soda Ash: |
|
| Sampling | 17 |
| Matter Volatile at 150 to 155°C | 18 and 19 |
| Total Alkalinity as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3 ) | 20 – 22 |
| Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) | 23 – 25 |
| Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) by Potentiometric Titration | 26 – 28 |
| Matter Insoluble in Water | 29 and 30 |
| Apparent Density | 31 and 32 |
| Modified Soda (Sequicarbonate Type): |
|
| Sampling | 33 |
| Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O) | 34 – 36 |
| Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) | 37 – 39 |
| Matter Insoluble in Water | 40 |
| Sodium Bicarbonate: |
|
| Sampling | 41 |
| Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, and Free Moisture | 42 – 45 |
| Matter Insoluble in Water | 46 |
| Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Sesquisilicate and Sodium Orthosil- icate: |
|
| Sampling | 47 |
| Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O) | 48 – 50 |
| Total Silica as SiO2 | 51 – 53 |
| Sodium Metasilicate (Na2SiO3·5H2O) | 54 |
| Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2·11H2O) | 55 |
| Matter Insoluble in Water | 56 and 57 |
| Loss on Ignition of Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2 ·11H2O) | 58 and 59 |
| Sodium Orthosilicate (Na4SiO4) | 60 |
| Trisodium Phosphate: |
|
| Sampling | 61 |
| Trisodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) Content and Phosphorus Pentoxide (P2O5) | |
| Trisodium Phosphate Calculated as Na3PO4·12H2O, Na3PO4· H2O, Na3PO4, and as P2O5 | |
| Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O) | 69 – 71 |
| Matter Insoluble in Water | 72 and 73 |
| Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate: |
|
| Sampling | 74 |
| Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate | |
| Matter Insoluble in Water | 80 and 81 |
| Loss on Ignition | 82 and 83 |
| Borax: |
|
| Sampling | 84 |
| Total Borate and Excess Alkalinity or Acidity | 85 – 87 |
| Matter Insoluble in Water | 88 and 89 |
| Sodium Triphosphate: |
|
| Sampling | 90 |
| Tritratable Na2O | 91 – 94 |
| Total P2O5: |
|
| Preferred Method | 95 – 97 |
| Alternative Method | 98 – 101 |
| pH Titration | 102 – 107 |
| Quantitative Separation and Measurement of Various Phosphates: |
|
| Reverse-Flow Ion-Exchange Chromatography (Preferred Method) | |
| Paper Chromatographic Method | 120 – 127 |
| pH of 1 percent Solution | 128 |
| Turbidity | 129 |
| Temperature Rise | 130 – 134 |
| Sulfate | 135 – 137 |
| Ignition Loss | 140 and 141 |
| Matter Insoluble in Water | 142 – 144 |
| Particle Size | 145 |
| Orthophosphate | 146 – 151 |
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D459 Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 71.100.40 (Surface active agents)
Referencing This Standard
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DOI: 10.1520/D0501-03R16
Citation Format
ASTM D501-03(2016), Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkaline Detergents, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, www.astm.org
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