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Significance and Use
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that may be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize the quality of crude oils.
5.2 The density or relative density of crude oils is used for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15 °C or 60 °F and for the conversion of crude mass measurements into volume units.
5.3 The application of the density result obtained from this test method, for fiscal or custody transfer accounting calculations, may require measurements of the water and sediment contents obtained on similar specimens of the crude oil parcel.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density, relative density, and API gravity of crude oils that may be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 °C and 35 °C utilizing either manual or automated sample injection equipment. This test method applies to crude oils with high vapor pressures provided appropriate precautions are taken to prevent vapor loss during transfer of the sample to the density analyzer.
1.2 This test method was evaluated in interlaboratory study testing using crude oils in the 0.75 g/mL to 0.95 g/mL range. Lighter crude oil may require special handling to prevent vapor losses.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are included in this standard. The accepted units of measurement of density are grams per millilitre and kilograms per cubic metre.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D941 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
D1250 Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils: API MPMS Chapter 11.1
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4377 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 75.040 (Crude petroleum)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 15101508(Crude oil)
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DOI: 10.1520/D5002-19
Citation Format
ASTM D5002-19, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Oils by Digital Density Analyzer, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019, www.astm.org
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