ASTM D117 - 18
Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
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Abstract
This guide describes methods of testing and specifications for electrical insulating oils of petroleum origin intended for use in electrical cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus where the oils are used as insulating, or heat transfer media, or both. This guide is classified into the following categories: sampling practices, physical tests, electrical tests, chemical tests, and specifications. The test methods shall be as follows: aniline point; coefficient of thermal expansion; color; examination; flash and fire point; interfacial tension; pour point of petroleum products; refractive index; relative density; specific heat; thermal conductivity; turbidity; viscosity; dielectric breakdown voltage; dissipation factor and relative permittivity; gassing tendency; resistivity; stability under electrical discharge; acidity; carbon-type composition; compatibility with construction material; copper content; furanic compounds; gas analysis; gas content; inorganic chlorides and sulfates; neutralization numbers; oxidation inhibitor content; oxidation stability; polychlorinated biphenyl content; sediment and soluble sludge; sulfur; water content; mineral insulating oil for electrical apparatus; and high firepoint electrical insulating oils.
This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes methods of testing and specifications for electrical insulating liquids intended for use in electrical cables, transformers, liquid circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus where the liquids are used as insulating, or heat transfer media, or both.
1.2 The purpose of this guide is to outline the applicability of the available test methods. Where more than one is available for measuring a given property, their relative advantages are described, along with an indication of laboratory convenience, precision, (95 % confidence limits), and applicability to specific types of electrical insulating oils.
1.3 This guide is classified into the following categories: Sampling Practices, Physical Tests, Electrical Tests, Chemical Tests, and Specifications. Within each test category, the test methods are listed alphabetically by property measured. A list of standards follows:
| Category | Section | ASTM Standard |
| Sampling: | 3 | D923 |
| Physical Tests: |
|
|
| Aniline Point | 4 | D611 |
| Coefficient of Thermal Ex- | 5 | D1903 |
| Color | 6 | D1500 |
| Examination: Visual Infrared | 7 | D1524, D2144, D2129 |
| Flash and Fire Point | 8 | D92 |
| Interfacial Tension | 9 | D971, D2285 |
| Pour Point of Petroleum | 10 | D97, D5949, D5950 |
| Particle Count in Mineral | 11 | D6786 |
| Refractive Index and Specific | 12 | D1218, D1807 |
| Relative Density (Specific | 13 | D287, D1217, D1298, D1481, D4052 |
| Specific Heat | 14 | D2766 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 15 | D2717 |
| Turbidity | 16 | D6181 |
| Viscosity | 17 | D445, D2161 |
| Electrical Tests: |
|
|
| Dielectric Breakdown Voltage | 18 | D877, D1816, D3300 |
| Dissipation Factor and Rela- | 19 | D924 |
| Gassing Characteristic | 20 | D7150 |
| Gassing Tendency | 21 | D2300 |
| Resistivity | 22 | D1169 |
| Stability Under Electrical | 23 | D6180 |
| Chemical Tests: |
|
|
| Acidity, Approximate | 24 | D1534 |
| Carbon-Type Composition | 25 | D2140 |
| Compatibility with Construc- | 26 | D3455 |
| Copper Content | 27 | D3635 |
| Elements by Inductively | 28 | D7151 |
| Furanic Compounds in | 29 | D5837 |
| Dissolved Gas Analysis | 30 | D3612 |
| Gas Content of Cable and | 31 | D831, D1827, D2945 |
| Inorganic Chlorides and | 32 | D878 |
| Neutralization (Acid and | 33 | D664, D974 |
| Oxidation Inhibitor Content | 34 | D2668, D4768 |
| Oxidation Stability | 35 | D1934, D2112, D2440 |
| Polychlorinated Biphenyl | 36 | D4059 |
| Relative Content of | 37 | D6802 |
| Sediment and Soluble Sludge | 38 | D1698 |
| Sulfur, Corrosive | 39 | D1275 |
| Water Content | 40 | D1533 |
| Specification: |
|
|
| Mineral Insulating Oil for | 41 | D3487 |
| High Firepoint Electrical | 42 | D5222 |
| Silicone Fluid used for Electrical | 43 | D4652 |
| Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester | 44 | D6871 |
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D831 Test Method for Gas Content of Cable and Capacitor Oils
D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
D878 Test Methods for Inorganic Chlorides and Sulfates in Insulating Oils
D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
D971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring Method
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
D1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
D1275 Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Electrical Insulating Liquids
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D1524 Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Liquids in the Field
D1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
D1534 Test Method for Approximate Acidity in Electrical Insulating Liquids by Color-Indicator Titration
D1698 Test Method for Sediments and Soluble Sludge in Service-Aged Insulating Oils
D1807 Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids
D1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
D1827 Test Method for Gas Content (Nonacidic) of Insulating Liquids by Displacement with Carbon Dioxide
D1903 Practice for Determining the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels
D1934 Test Method for Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insulating Petroleum Oils by Open-Beaker Method
D2112 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Inhibited Mineral Insulating Oil by Pressure Vessel
D2129 Test Method for Color of Clear Electrical Insulating Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
D2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
D2144 Practices for Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared Absorption
D2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
D2285 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Against Water by the Drop-Weight Method
D2300 Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)
D2440 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Mineral Insulating Oil
D2668 Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl- p-Cresol and 2,6-di-tert-Butyl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by Infrared Absorp
D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
D2945 Test Method for Gas Content of Insulating Oils
D3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions
D3455 Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
D3612 Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography
D3635 Test Method for Dissolved Copper In Electrical Insulating Oil By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4059 Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
D4652 Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
D4768 Test Method for Analysis of 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Para-Cresol and 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Phenol in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5222 Specification for High Fire-Point Mineral Electrical Insulating Oils
D5837 Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
D5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
D5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)
D6180 Test Method for Stability of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Electrical Discharge
D6181 Test Method for Measurement of Turbidity in Mineral Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin
D6786 Test Method for Particle Count in Mineral Insulating Oil Using Automatic Optical Particle Counters
D6802 Test Method for Determination of the Relative Content Of Dissolved Decay Products in Mineral Insulating Oils by Spectrophotometry
D6871 Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus
D7150 Test Method for the Determination of Gassing Characteristics of Insulating Liquids Under Thermal Stress
D7151 Test Method for Determination of Elements in Insulating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 29.040.10 (Insulating oils)
UNSPSC Code
UNSPSC Code 15121505(Transformer oil or insulating oil)
Referencing This Standard
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DOI: 10.1520/D0117-18
Citation Format
ASTM D117-18, Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, www.astm.org
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