ASTM C311 / C311M - 18
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
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Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C618 or Specification C1697. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions.
4.1.1 Strength Activity Index—The test for strength activity index is used to determine whether fly ash or natural pozzolan results in an acceptable level of strength development when used with hydraulic cement in concrete. Since the test is performed with mortar, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the fly ash or natural pozzolan will contribute to strength in concrete.
4.1.2 Chemical Tests—The chemical component determinations and the limits placed on each do not predict the performance of a fly ash or natural pozzolan with hydraulic cement in concrete, but collectively help describe composition and uniformity of the material.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
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| Sampling | 7 |
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| CHEMICAL ANALYSIS | |
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| Reagents and apparatus | 10 |
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| Moisture content | 11 and 12 |
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| Loss on ignition | 13 and 14 |
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| Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, | 15 |
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| Available alkali | 16 and 17 |
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| Ammonia | 18 |
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| PHYSICAL TESTS | |
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| Density | 19 |
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| Fineness | 20 |
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| Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars | 21 – 23 |
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| Soundness | 24 |
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| Air-entrainment of mortar | 25 and 26 |
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| Strength activity index with portland cement | 27 – 30 |
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| Water requirement | 31 |
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| Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in | 32 |
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| Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in | 34 |
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C151/C151M Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
C204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. 325) Sieve
C441/C441M Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
C604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C778 Specification for Standard Sand
C1012/C1012M Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
C1697 Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials
D1426 Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water
D4326 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal and Coke Ash By X-Ray Fluorescence
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
ACI Document
ACI 201.2R Guide to Durable ConcreteICS Code
ICS Number Code 91.100.30 (Concrete and concrete products)
Referencing This Standard
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DOI: 10.1520/C0311_C0311M-18
Citation Format
ASTM C311 / C311M-18, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, www.astm.org
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