ASTM C188 - 17
Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
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Abstract
This test method covers the determination of the density of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection with the design and control of concrete mixtures. The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the solids. The apparatus to be used is a Le Chatelier flask which is circular in cross-section. This flask shall be thoroughly annealed before being graduated. They shall be of sufficient thickness to ensure reasonable resistance to breakage. Each flask shall bear a permanent identification number and the stopper, if not interchangeably ground, shall bear the same number. Interchangeable ground-glass parts shall be marked on both members with the standard-taper symbol, followed by the size designation. The standard temperature shall be indicated, and the unit of capacity shall be shown by the letters “mL” placed above the highest graduation mark. Kerosene, free of water, or naphtha shall be used in the density determination. The flask shall be filled with either of the liquids mentioned to a point on the stem between the 0 and the 1-mL mark. The inside of the flask shall be dried above the level of the liquid, if necessary, after pouring. The first reading shall be recorded after the flask has been immersed in the water bath. A quantity of cement shall be introduced in small increments at the same temperature as the liquid. A vibrating apparatus may be used to accelerate the introduction of the cement into the flask and to prevent the cement from sticking to the neck. After all the cement has been introduced, the stopper shall be placed in the flask and the flask shall be rolled in an inclined position, or gently whirl it in a horizontal circle, so as to free the cement from air until no further air bubbles rise to the surface of the liquid. If a proper amount of cement has been added, the level of the liquid will be in its final position at some point of the upper series of graduations. The final reading shall be recorded after the flask has been immersed in the water bath. The difference between the first and the final readings represents the volume of liquid displaced by the mass of cement used in the test. The cement density can now be determined.
This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.
Significance and Use
4.1 This test method provides a procedure for the determination of density of hydraulic cement samples using non-instrumental techniques.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection with the design and control of concrete mixtures.
1.2 The density of hydraulic cement is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the solids.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D2638 Test Method for Real Density of Calcined Petroleum Coke by Helium Pycnometer
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 91.100.10 (Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar)
Referencing This Standard
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DOI: 10.1520/C0188-17
Citation Format
ASTM C188-17, Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, www.astm.org
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