SYMPOSIA PAPER Published: 01 January 1996
STP11708S

Effect of Low-Level Copper and Pentachlorophenol Exposure on Various Early Life Stages of

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An evaluation of the effects of low-level copper and pentachlorophenol exposure on various early life stages of the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, was performed using stage-specific and long-term continuous exposures. Stage-specific exposure experiments were conducted such that separate subsets of embryos and larvae from the same clutch were exposed to two toxicants, copper and pentachlorophenol, from 0 d to 4 d (standard Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay — Xenopus [FETAX]), 4 d to 8 d, 8 d to 12 d, and 12 d to 16 d. Results from two separate concentration-response experiments indicated that sensitivity to either toxicant increased in each successive time period. Longer-term exposure studies conducted for 60 to 75 days indicated that copper, but not pentachlorophenol induced reduction deficiency malformations of the hind limb at concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/L. Pentachlorophenol concentrations as low as 0.5 μg/L inhibited tail resorption. However, copper did not adversely affect the process of tail resorption. These results indicated that studies evaluating longer-term developmental processes are important in ecological hazard evaluation.

Author Information

Fort, DJ
THE STOVER GROUP, Stillwater, OK
Stover, EL
THE STOVER GROUP, Stillwater, OK
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Developed by Committee: E47
Pages: 188–203
DOI: 10.1520/STP11708S
ISBN-EB: 978-0-8031-5345-5
ISBN-13: 978-0-8031-2031-0