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Engineer-to-order (ETO) manufacturing is an operation designed to provide unique but similar products. Unique customer orders are handled as a project. The purpose of this research is three-fold. The first objective of this study was to validate a model for assessing the relationships among project management (PM) practices, ETO manufacturing performance, and firm benefit. The second objective was to determine whether ETO manufacturing performance plays a mediating role in the relationship between PM practices and firm benefit. The third objective was to determine whether the impact of PM practices on ETO manufacturing performance is moderated by project characteristics. The results suggest that PM practices may enhance ETO manufacturing performance, which leads to firm benefit. The findings also indicate that industry sector, number of groups, complexity, and project duration have a moderating effect on the relationship between PM practices and ETO manufacturing performance.