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Case carburizing is recognized as a suitable process for realizing low distortion and high compressive stresses near the surfaces under optimal conditions. Patterns of distortion and residual stresses in carburized cylinders and rings under different conditions have been identified from measurements performed for many years. Some pioneers of the heat treatment simulation compared their simulated results of carburized and quenched parts with experimental data for verifying their programs. However, these early researchers did not sufficiently explain their distortion and stress generation mechanism using their simulated results. Although one of the authors tried to illuminate their mechanism of a carburized and quenched ring, the work has not been finished because the purpose was limited in examining the role of transformation plasticity in the process. In this paper, the same simulated results were analyzed more comprehensively for explaining the origin of distortion and residual stress in the ring based on a concrete strategy newly developed.