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Leather Standards

ASTM's leather standards are instrumental in the determination, testing, and evaluation of the various physical and chemical properties of different forms of leather. These standards help users and producers of leather goods all over the world in assessing their materials for good quality and workmanship towards satisfactory use.

List of leather standards developed by ASTM:

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Apparel

Designation	Title
D1913 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Resistance to Wetting of Garment-Type Leathers (Spray Test)
D2096 - 11	Standard Test Method for Colorfastness and Transfer of Color in the Washing of Leather
D2821 - 09	Standard Test Method for Measuring the Relative Stiffness of Leather by Means of a Torsional Wire Apparatus
D5053 - 03(2009)	Standard Test Method for Colorfastness of Crocking of Leather
D5552 - 10	Standard Test Method for Resistance of Colored Leather to Bleeding
D6012 - 03(2008)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Resistance of Leather to (Bleeding) Color Stain Transfer
D6013 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Area Stability of Leather to Laundering
D6014 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Water Absorption of Leather Surfaces

Chemical Analysis

Designation	Title
D2617 - 12	Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Leather
D2807 - 93(2009)e1	Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
D2810 - 07	Standard Test Method for pH of Leather
D2868 - 10	Standard Test Method for Nitrogen Content (Kjeldahl) and Hide Substance Content of Leather
D3495 - 10	Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather
D3790 - 79(2012)	Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Leather by Oven Drying
D3897 - 91(2012)	Standard Practice for Calculation of Basicity of Chrome Tanning Liquors
D3898 - 93(2009)	Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Basic Chromium Tanning Liquors
D3913 - 03(2009)	Standard Test Method for Acidity in Basic Chromium Tanning Liquors
D4653 - 87(2009)	Standard Test Method for Total Chlorides in Leather
D4654 - 87(2009)	Standard Test Method for Sulfate Basicity in Leather
D4655 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Methods for Sulfates in Leather (Total, Neutral, and Combined Acid)
D4906 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Total Solids and Ash Content in Leather Finishing Materials
D4907 - 10	Standard Test Method for Nitrocellulose in Finish on Leather
D5356 - 10	Standard Test Method for PH of Chrome Tanning Solutions
D6016 - 06(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen, Water Extractable in Leather
D6017 - 97(2009)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salt) in Leather
D6018 - 96(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determining the Presence of Lead Salts in Leather
D6019 - 10	Test Method for Determination of Chromic Oxide in Basic Chromium Tanning Liquors (Ammonium Persulfate Oxidation)

Fats and Oils

Designation	Title
D5346 - 93(2009)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Pour Point of Petroleum Oil Used in Fatliquors and Softening Compounds
D5347 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Ash Content of Fats and Oils
D5348 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture Content of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils by Distillation with Xylene
D5349 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture and Volatile Content of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils by Hot-Plate Method
D5350 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A
D5351 - 93(2009)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Extraction Titration, Test Method B
D5352 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride Ash-Gravimetric, Test Method C
D5353 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Desulfated Fatty Matter
D5354 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Active Ingredients in Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils
D5355 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Oils and Liquid Fats
D5439 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Sediment in Moellon
D5440 - 93(2009)	Standard Test Method for Determining the Melting Point of Fats and Oils
D5551 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Cloud Point of Oil
D5553 - 95(2012)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter in Sulfated Oils
D5554 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Iodine Value of Fats and Oils
D5555 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Fatty Acids Contained in Animal, Marine, and Vegetable Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors and Stuffing Compounds
D5556 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Moisture and Other Volatile Matter Contained in Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors and Softening Compounds
D5557 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Insoluble Impurities Contained in Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors and Stuffing Compounds
D5558 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Saponification Value of Fats and Oils
D5559 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps in Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils
D5560 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Neutral Fatty Matter Contained in Fats and Oils
D5562 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps
D5564 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Total Ammonia Contained in Sulfonated or Sulfated Oils
D5565 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Solidification Point of Fatty Acids Contained in Animal, Marine, and Vegetable Fats and Oils
D5566 - 95(2011)	Standard Test Method for Determination of Inorganic Salt Content of Sulfated and Sulfonated Oils

Footwear

Designation	Title
D2098 - 04(2012)	Standard Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the Dow Corning Leather Tester
D2099 - 05(2010)e1	Standard Test Method for Dynamic Water Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather by the Maeser Water Penetration Tester
D2210 - 00(2012)	Standard Test Method for Grain Crack and Extension of Leather by the Mullen Test
D2322 - 10	Standard Test Method for Resistance of Shoe Upper Leather to Artificial Perspiration
D2346 - 00(2012)	Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Leather
D2941 - 00(2012)	Standard Test Method for Measuring Break Pattern of Leather (Break Scale)
D6015 - 10	Standard Test Method for Static Water Absorption of Leather
D7340 - 07(2012)e1	Standard Practice for Thermal Conductivity of Leather

Physical Properties

Designation	Title
D1516 - 05(2010)	Standard Test Method for Width of Leather
D1610 - 01(2007)	Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing
D1813 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Test Specimens
D1814 - 70(2010)	Standard Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Leather Units
D1815 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Water Absorption (Static) of Vegetable Tanned Leather
D2207 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Leather by the Ball Method
D2209 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Leather
D2211 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Elongation of Leather
D2212 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Slit Tear Resistance of Leather
D2347 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Measuring Area of Leather Test Specimens
D2813 - 03(2008)	Standard Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
D4704 - 12	Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength, Tongue Tear of Leather
D4705 - 12	Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength of Leather, Double Hole
D5052 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Permeability of Leather to Water Vapor
D6076 - 08	Standard Test Method for Shrinkage Temperature of Leather
D6182 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Flexibility and Adhesion of Finish on Leather
D6183 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Tackiness of Finish on Leather
D7255 - 06e1	Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)

Terminology

Designation	Title
D1517 - 10	Standard Terminology Relating to Leather

Upholstery

Designation	Title
D1912 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Cold-Crack Resistance of Upholstery Leather
D2097 - 03(2010)	Standard Test Method for Flex Testing of Finish on Upholstery Leather
D2208 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Leather by the Grab Method
D6077 - 10	Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Leather
D6116 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Blocking

Vegetable Leather

Designation	Title
D1611 - 12	Standard Test Method for Corrosion Produced by Leather in Contact with Metal
D2213 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Compressibility of Leather
D2875 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Insoluble Ash of Vegetable-Tanned Leather
D2876 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Matter of Vegetable-Tanned Leather
D4786 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Stitch Tear Strength, Single Hole
D4831 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Buckle Tear Strength of Leather
D4899 - 99(2009)	Standard Practice for Analysis of Vegetable Tanning Materials-General
D4900 - 99(2009)	Standard Test Method for Lignosulfonates (Sulfite Cellulose) in Tanning Extracts
D4901 - 99(2009)	Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts
D4902 - 99(2009)	Standard Test Method for Evaporation and Drying of Analytical Solutions
D4903 - 99(2009)	Standard Test Method for Total Solids and Water in Vegetable Tanning Material Extracts
D4904 - 99(2009)	Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts
D4905 - 99(2009)	Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty and Powdered Vegetable Tannin Extracts
D6020 - 00(2010)	Standard Practice for Calculation of (Non-Mineral) Combined Tanning Agents and Degree of Tannage
D6075 - 00(2010)	Standard Test Method for Cracking Resistance of Leather
D6401 - 99(2009)	Standard Test Method for Determining Non-Tannins and Tannin in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning Materials
D6402 - 99(2009)	Standard Test Method for Determing Soluble Solids and Insolubles in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning Materials
D6403 - 99(2009)	Standard Test Method for Determining Moisture in Raw and Spent Materials
D6404 - 99(2009)	Standard Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
D6405 - 99(2009)	Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
D6406 - 99(2009)	Standard Test Method for Analysis of Sugar in Vegetable Tanning Materials
D6407 - 99(2009)	Standard Test Method for Analysis of Iron and Copper in Vegetable Tanning Materials
D6408 - 99(2009)	Standard Test Method for Analysis of Tannery Liquors
D6409 - 99(2009)	Standard Practice for Color Tests with Sheepskin Skiver
D6410 - 99(2009)	Standard Test Method for Determining Acidity of Vegetable Tanning Liquors

Wet Blue

Designation	Title
D4576 - 08	Standard Test Method for Mold Growth Resistance of Wet Blue
D6656 - 01(2010)e1	Standard Test Method for Determination of Chromic Oxide in Wet Blue (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
D6657 - 08	Standard Test Method for pH of Wet Blue
D6658 - 08	Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Wet Blue by Oven Drying
D6659 - 10	Standard Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue for Physical and Chemical Tests
D6714 - 01(2010)e1	Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Ashed Wet Blue (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
D6715 - 08	Standard Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Salt Preserved (Cured) Hides and Skins for Chemical and Physical Tests
D6716 - 08	Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Wet Blue
D7476 - 08	Standard Test Method for Brine Saturation Value of Cured (Salt-Preserved) Hides and Skins
D7477 - 08	Standard Test Method for Determining the Area Stability of Wet Blue Submersed in Boiling Water
D7584 - 10	Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Resistance of the Surface of Wet Blue to the Growth of Fungi in an Environmental Chamber
D7674 - 10	Standard Test Method for Hexane/Petroleum Ether Extract in Wet Blue and Wet White
D7816 - 12	Standard Test Method for Enumeration of Halophilic and Proteolytic Bacteria in Raceway Brine, Brine-Cured Hides and Skins
D7817 - 12	Standard Test Method for Enumeration of Yeast and Mold in Raceway Brine, Brine-Cured Hides and Skins
D7818 - 12	Standard Test Method for Enumeration of Proteolytic Bacteria in Fresh (Uncured) Hides and Skins
D7819 - 12	Standard Test Method for Enumeration of Yeast and Mold on Fresh (Uncured) Hides and Skins

Other standards developed by ASTM committees:

3D Imaging Standards

Additive Manufacturing Standards

Adhesive Standards

Aerospace Material Standards

Analytical Chemistry Standards

Asset Management Standards

Atmospheric Analysis Standards

Biotechnology Standards

Construction Standards

Adhesive Standards

Building Standards

Cement Standards and Concrete Standards

Fire Standards and Flammability Standards

Geotechnical Engineering Standards

Masonry Standards

Road Standards and Paving Standards

Roofing Standards

Thermal Insulation Standards

Business Copy Product Standards

Carbon Standards

Catalyst Standards

Cement Standards and Concrete Standards

Coal Standards and Gas Standards

Composite Standards

Computerized System Standards

Consumer Product Evaluation Standards

Copper Standards

Corrosion Standards and Wear Standards

Durability of Nonmetallic Material Standards

Electrical Insulating Material Standards

Electrical Standards and Magnetic Conductor Standards

Electronics Standards

Environmental Standards

Atmospheric Analysis Standards

Environmental Assessment Standards and Risk Management Standards

Environmental Toxicology Standards

Waste Management Standards

Water Testing Standards

Fastener Standards

Fatigue Standards and Fracture Standards

Fire Standards and Flammability Standards

Forensic Science Standards

Geotechnical Engineering Standards

Glass Standards and Ceramic Standards

Industrial Chemical Standards

Industrial Hygiene Standards and Safety Standards

Laboratory Testing Standards

Leather Standards

Masonry Standards

Medical Device Standards and Implant Standards

Medical Service Standards and Medical Equipment Standards

Metals Standards

Analytical Chemistry Standards

Cast Iron Standards

Copper Standards

Corrosion Standards and Wear Standards

Fastener Standards

Fatigue Standards and Fracture Standards

Metallic Coating Standards

Nonferrous Metal Standards and Nonferrous Alloy Standards

Steel Standards

Molecular Spectroscopy Standards and Separation Science Standards

Nanotechnology Standards

Nondestructive Testing Standards

Nuclear Technology Standards

Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres Standards

Paint Standards and Related Coating Standards

Paper Standards and Packaging Standards

Petroleum Standards

Pharmaceutical Application Standards

Physical Measurement Standards

Physical Testing Standards and Mechanical Testing Standards

Plastic Pipe Standards

Plastics Standards

Quality Control Standards

Refractory Standards

Resilient Floor Covering Standards

Road Standards and Paving Standards

Rolling Element Bearing Standards

Roofing Standards

Rubber Standards

Search and Rescue Operations Standards

Security System Standards and Pedestrian / Walkway Safety Standards

Sensory Evaluation Standards

Soap Standards and Polish Standards

Sports Standards and Recreation Standards

Steel Standards

Sustainability Standards

Temperature Measurement Standards

Textile Standards

Thermal Analysis Standards

Thermal Insulation Standards

Underground Utility Standards

Unmanned Maritime Vehicle Standards

Waste Management Standards

Water Testing Standards