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Business Copy Product Standards


ASTM's business copy product standards are instrumental in the testing and evaluation of the various products and media used in printing business-related documents and papers. These products include film ribbons, toners, inks, print cartridges, and other components of both manual and electronic typewriters, printers, and copiers, as well as the carbon and printing paper, and correction media. These business copy product standards are responsible for assessing the image properties, resolution, color strength, lightfastness, adhesion, stain and smudge resistance, and other characteristics pertinent to the quality of printed results. These standards allow manufacturers of such products to fabricate and assess their merchandise to ensure their quality.


List of business copy product standards developed by ASTM:


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Carbonless and Thermal Imaging Products
DesignationTitle
F556 - 88(2011) Standard Test Method for Curl of Carbonless Copy Papers
F598 - 00(2009) Standard Practice for Determining the Resistance of Carbonless Papers to Capsular Damage
F605 - 88(2011) Standard Practice for Determining Compatibility of One-Time Carbon Paper with Carbonless Copy Papers When Interleaved into the Same Manifold Set
F686 - 94(2011) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Image Quality Produced by Carbonless Copy Paper with an Electric or Electronic Typewriter
F767 - 98(2008) Standard Test Method for Image Stability of Chemical Carbonless Paper to Light
F1175 - 88(2011) Standard Practice for Using the Computer Impact Print-Out Unit as a Test Instrument for Manifold Comparison
F1320 - 01(2011) Standard Test Method for Evaluating Thermal Paper Employing a Facsimile Thermal Printer as a Test Instrument
F1405 - 08 Standard Test Method for Determining the Dynamic Thermal Response of Direct Thermal Imaging Products—Atlantek Method
F1444 - 00(2009) Standard Test Method for Determining Dynamic Thermal Response of Direct Thermal Paper-Label Printer Method
F1445 - 00(2009) Standard Test Method for Determining Static Thermal Sensitivity of Direct Thermal Paper
F1721 - 04(2009) Standard Practices for Determining Stability of Direct Thermal Imaging Products
Electrostatic Imaging Products
DesignationTitle
F360 - 82(2011) Standard Practice for Image Evaluation of Electrostatic Business Copies
F470 - 89(2009) Standard Practice for Caking Temperature of Dry Electrostatic Toner
F505 - 87(2011) Standard Practice for Comparative Evaluation of Imaging Properties of Liquid Electrostatic Toners
F577 - 03(2009) Standard Test Method for Particle Size Measurement of Dry Toners
F596 - 09 Standard Practice for Comparative Evaluation of the Imaging Properties of Dry Electrostatic Toners
F685 - 96(2011) Standard Practice for Determining Toner Usage, Efficiency, and Dusting Nonheat Fixing Copiers Using Single-Component Toner Systems
F706 - 96(2011) Standard Practice for Determination of Fusion Temperature of Dry Electrostatic Heat-Fixing Toners
F807 - 83(2009) Standard Practice for Determining Resolution Capability of Office Copiers
F875 - 09 Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Large Area Density and Background on Office Copiers
F974 - 06(2011)e1 Standard Practice for Determination of Color Response of Electrostatic Copying System, Black and White Output
F995 - 09 Standard Practice for Estimating Toner Usage in Copiers Utilizing Dry Two-Component Developer
F1042 - 87(2009) Standard Practice for Estimating Toner and Dispersant Usage in Copiers Utilizing Liquid Developers
F1206 - 94(2011)e1 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Color Image Output from Color Printers and Copiers
F1318 - 90(2009) Standard Test Method for Determination of Productivity Using Electrostatic Copy Machines with Various Configurations
F1319 - 94(2011) Standard Test Method for Determination of Abrasion and Smudge Resistance of Images Produced from Business Copy Products (Crockmeter Method)
F1351 - 96(2008) Standard Practice for Determination of the Effect of Hard Creasing Paper on Images Produced by Business Imaging Systems
F1423 - 09 Standard Practice for Determination of the Quality of Monochrome Images Produced from Non-Impact Personal Computer Printers
F1424 - 92(2011) Standard Test Method for Estimating Toner Usage in Full-Color Copiers Utilizing Dry Mono- or Dual-Component Toners
F1425 - 06(2011) Standard Test Method for Determining the Tribocharge of Two-Component Developer Materials
F1434 - 97(2008) Standard Practice for Estimating the Performance of a Fuser Oil in an Electrostatic Copier or Printer
F1478 - 06(2011) Standard Test Method for Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Images Produced from Copiers and Printers (Taber Method)
F1486 - 96(2008) Standard Practice for Determination of Abrasion and Smudge Resistance of Images Produced from Office Products (GA-CAT Method)
F1856 - 04(2009) Standard Practice for Determining Toner Usage for Printer Cartridges
F2036 - 05(2011) Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Larger Area Density and Background on Electrophotographic Printers
F2494 - 05(2011) Standard Test Method for Determining Energy Consumption of Copiers and Similar Office Imaging Equipment
F2495 - 05(2011) Standard Test Method for Determining Energy Consumption of MFDs with Copying Capability and Similar Office Imaging Equipment
F2632 - 07 Standard Practice for Determining the Toner Usage for Color Printer Cartridges
Ink Jet Imaging Products
DesignationTitle
F1942 - 98(2010) Standard Practice for Creating Test Targets for Determining the Ink Yield of the Imaging Supplies Used in Ink Jet Printers
F1944 - 98(2008) Standard Practice for Determining the Quality of the Text, Line- and Solid-Fill Output Produced by Ink Jet Printers
F1945 - 05(2011) Standard Practice for Determining the Lightfastness of Ink Jet Prints Exposed to Indoor Fluorescent Lighting
F1946 / F1946M - 10 Standard Practice for Determining the Lightfastness of Ink Jet Prints Exposed to Indoor Fluorescent Lighting and Window-Filtered Daylight
F2035 - 00(2011) Standard Practice for Measuring the Dark Stability of Ink Jet Prints
F2037 - 00(2011) Standard Practice for Predicting the Lifetime of Ink Jet Prints Stored in Dark Keeping Conditions in Typical Office Environments
F2292 - 03(2008) Standard Practice for Determining the Waterfastness of Images Produced by Ink Jet Printers Utilizing Four Different Test Methods—Drip, Spray, Submersion and Rub
F2293 - 03(2008) Standard Practice for Determining the Stain Resistance of Images Produced by Ink Jet Printers
F2366 - 05(2011) Standard Practice for Determining the Relative Lightfastness of Ink Jet Prints Exposed to Window Filtered Daylight Using a Xenon Arc Light Apparatus
F2496 - 05(2011)e1 Standard Practice for Determining the Scratch Hardness and Scrape Adhesion of Prints and Coatings
F2497 - 05(2011)e1 Standard Practice for Abrasion and Scuff Resistance of Inkjet Media by the Sutherland Rub Tester
F2498 - 05(2011) Standard Practice for Determining the Drying Time of Inkjet Media and Inks Using a Smudge Method
F2555 - 06(2011) Standard Practice for Determining Page Yield of Ink Jet Printer Cartridges—Continuous Printing Method
F2734 - 08 Standard Practice for Testing the Shelf Life of Ink Jet Printer Cartridges
F2760 - 09 Standard Practice for Testing Ink Jet Cartridge Latency (Start-Up)
Inked Transfer Imaging Products
DesignationTitle
F92 - 93(2008) Standard Practice for Determination of Character Yield of Inked Fabric Typewriter and Printer Ribbons
F129 - 97(2008) Standard Practice for Amount of Ink Deposit on Carbon Paper and Inked Ribbons, Other Than Fabric Type
F153 - 95(2008) Standard Test Method for Determining the Yield of Wide Inked Computer Ribbons
F362 / F362M - 91(2010)e1 Standard Test Method for Determining the Erasability of Inked Ribbons
F396 - 00(2009) Standard Practice for Comparing One-Time Noncorrectable Typewriter Ribbons
F415 - 87(2010) Standard Test Method for Curl in Carbon Paper
F497 - 00(2009) Standard Practice for Use of the Electric and Electronic Typewriter as a Test Instrument
F509 - 86(2009) Standard Practice for Testing One-Time Carbonizing Tissue for Pinholes
F597 - 83(2008) Standard Practice for Evaluation of One-Time Carbon Paper in Carbon-Interleaved Business Forms by Use of an Electric Typewriter
F627 - 99(2008) Standard Practice for Testing Flake of Single-Strike Film Typewriter Ribbons
F766 / F766M - 82(2010)e1 Standard Test Method for Melting Point of Waxes
F843 - 98(2008) Standard Test Method for Assessing the Color Strength and Dispersibility of Alkali Blue Pigment in Hot Melt Carbon Copy Paper Ink
F854 - 83(2008) Standard Test Method for Cleanliness of Carbon Paper
F935 - 00(2009) Standard Test Method for Comparing Cover-Up Correction Media
F1033 - 00(2010) Standard Test Method for Comparing Lift-Off Correction Media
F1050 / F1050M - 87(2010)e1 Standard Test Method for Determining Winding Torque and Tension of Typewriter Ribbons
F1051 - 00(2009) Standard Test Method for Comparing Multistrike Film Ribbons
F1151 - 88(2008) Standard Test Method for Determining Variations in Hardness of Film Ribbon Pancakes
F1225 - 99(2008) Standard Test Method for Measuring the Ribbon Exit Force for Film and Fabric Cartridges
F1232 - 98(2008) Standard Practice for Generating a Test Pattern for Single-Pass Film Ribbons
F1454 - 99(2008) Standard Practice for Comparing Correctable Film Ribbons
F1509 - 94(2009) Standard Test Methods for Determining Acceptability of Ribbon Welds in Fabric Cartridges
F1520 - 94(2008) Standard Test Method for Determining the Drive Torque for Film and Fabric Ribbon Cartridges
F1571 - 95(2008) Standard Test Method for Determination of Abrasion and Smudge Resistance of Images Produced from Business Copy Products (Sutherland Method)
F1782 - 97(2008) Standard Practice for Amount of Ink Deposit on Fabric Type Ribbons
F1943 - 98(2008) Standard Test Method for Determining the Dynamic Thermal Response of Thermal Mass Transfer Ribbon Products—Atlantek Method
Nomenclature and Definitions
DesignationTitle
F149 - 92b(2009) Standard Terminology Relating to Optical Character Recognition
F221 - 98(2009) Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and Inked Ribbon Products and Images Made Therefrom
F335 - 03(2009) Standard Terminology Relating to Electrostatic Copying
F549 - 85(2011) Standard Terminology Relating to Carbonless Copy Products
F909 - 94a(2011) Standard Terminology Relating to Printers
F1125 - 87(2011) Standard Terminology of Image Quality in Impact Printing Systems
F1294 - 97a(2009) Standard Terminology Relating to Automatic Identification Hard Copy Printing Systems
F1457 - 94b(2011) Standard Terminology Relating to Laser Printers
F1623 - 96(2008) Standard Terminology Relating to Thermal Imaging Products
F1857 - 01(2011) Standard Terminology Relating to Ink Jet Printers and Images Made Therefrom
Research
DesignationTitle
F1174 - 01(2006) Standard Practice for Using a Personal Computer Printer as a Test Instrument
F1442 - 92(2009) Standard Practice for Using a Copier or Printer as a Test Instrument for Evaluating Paper Performance
F1443 - 93(2009) Standard Practice for Using 0.008-in. (0.203-mm) Aperture Reflectometers as Test Instruments for Measuring Visual Image Quality of Business Copy Images
F1851 - 98(2009) Standard Practice for Bar Code Verification
F2226 - 03(2009)e1 Standard Practice for Determining the Adhesion of Prints and Laminating Films
F2294 - 03(2009) Standard Practice for Determining the Writeability of Print Media
F2296 - 04 Standard Practice for Determining the Adhesion of Lamination Films to Prints Utilizing Mechanical Stress: Four Different Test Methods-Score/Tape, Cross Hatch, X-Cut, and Crease-Folding
F2406 - 04 Standard Practice for Determining Yield of Solid Ink Sticks
F2452 - 04 Standard Practice for Determining the Adhesion of Print Media Utilizing Mechanical Stress: Two Different Test Methods-Score/Tape and Cross Hatch


Other standards developed by ASTM committees:


3D Imaging Standards

Additive Manufacturing Standards

Adhesive Standards

Aerospace Material Standards

Analytical Chemistry Standards

Asset Management Standards

Atmospheric Analysis Standards

Biotechnology Standards

Construction Standards

Business Copy Product Standards

Carbon Standards

Catalyst Standards

Cement Standards and Concrete Standards

Coal Standards and Gas Standards

Composite Standards

Computerized System Standards

Consumer Product Evaluation Standards

Copper Standards

Corrosion Standards and Wear Standards

Durability of Nonmetallic Material Standards

Electrical Insulating Material Standards

Electrical Standards and Magnetic Conductor Standards

Electronics Standards

Environmental Standards

Fastener Standards

Fatigue Standards and Fracture Standards

Fire Standards and Flammability Standards

Forensic Science Standards

Geotechnical Engineering Standards

Glass Standards and Ceramic Standards

Industrial Chemical Standards

Industrial Hygiene Standards and Safety Standards

Laboratory Testing Standards

Leather Standards

Masonry Standards

Medical Device Standards and Implant Standards

Medical Service Standards and Medical Equipment Standards

Metals Standards

Molecular Spectroscopy Standards and Separation Science Standards

Nanotechnology Standards

Nondestructive Testing Standards

Nuclear Technology Standards

Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres Standards

Paint Standards and Related Coating Standards

Paper Standards and Packaging Standards

Petroleum Standards

Pharmaceutical Application Standards

Physical Measurement Standards

Physical Testing Standards and Mechanical Testing Standards

Plastic Pipe Standards

Plastics Standards

Quality Control Standards

Refractory Standards

Resilient Floor Covering Standards

Road Standards and Paving Standards

Rolling Element Bearing Standards

Roofing Standards

Rubber Standards

Search and Rescue Operations Standards

Security System Standards and Pedestrian / Walkway Safety Standards

Sensory Evaluation Standards

Soap Standards and Polish Standards

Sports Standards and Recreation Standards

Steel Standards

Sustainability Standards

Temperature Measurement Standards

Textile Standards

Thermal Analysis Standards

Thermal Insulation Standards

Underground Utility Standards

Unmanned Maritime Vehicle Standards

Waste Management Standards

Water Testing Standards

Wood Standards