ASTM F2411

This specification establishes the design, construction, and performance requirements necessary for the technical reliability of airborne sense-and-avoid (S&A) systems that support the detection of, and safe separation from, airborne objects such as manned or unmanned aircrafts and air vehicles. It specifically applies to the manufacturer or component supplier of such systems seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation, as providing an equivalent level of safety to the see-and-avoid capability of a human pilot. This specification does not cover transponder or broadcast-based cooperative S&A systems, as well as appliances on-board one or more airborne objects flying in formation flight.

This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers requirements for the design and performance of airborne sense-and-avoid (SA) systems. This specification includes requirements to support detection of, and safe separation from, airborne objects such as manned or unmanned aircraft and air vehicles.

1.2 This specification applies to the manufacturer of an appliance seeking civil aviation authority approval, in the form of flight certificates, flight permits, or other like documentation, as providing an equivalent level of safety to the see-and-avoid capability of a human pilot.

1.3 This specification is not intended to apply to the design and performance of cooperative SA systems. Existing standards and guidance should be referenced for specifications describing these transponder or broadcast-based systems (examples of existing guidance and standards for cooperative SA systems include FAA 20-131A, RTCA DO-289, and TSO-C119B).

1.4 This specification does not apply to appliances on-board one or more airborne objects flying in formation flight.

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
14 CFR 91.123 General Operating and Flight Rules-Compliance with ATC Clearances and Instructions
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Publications
AC 20–145 Guidance for Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) that Implement TSO-C153 Authorized Hardware Elements
RTCA Publications
DO-289 Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS) for Aircraft Surveillance Applications (ASA)
ICAO Publications
ICAO Rules of the Air-Annex 2

Index Terms

active/passive sensing; airworthiness; avoid; collision avoidance; cooperative targets; detect; EO IR; helicopter; NAS; non-cooperative targets; RF; see; sense; sense and avoid; sensor; target avoidance; target identification; unmanned aerial vehicles; unmanned air vehicle; unmanned aircraft systems; ICS Number Code 49.090 (On-board equipment and instruments)

Citing ASTM Standards

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