Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast iron, malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular) iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:
| Element | Composition Range, % |
| |
| Aluminum | 0.003 to 0.50 |
| Antimony | 0.005 to 0.03 |
| Arsenic | 0.02 to 0.10 |
| Bismuth | 0.001 to 0.03 |
| Boron | 0.001 to 0.10 |
| Cadmium | 0.001 to 0.005 |
| Carbon | 1.25 to 4.50 |
| Cerium | 0.005 to 0.05 |
| Chromium | 0.01 to 30.00 |
| Cobalt | 0.01 to 4.50 |
| Copper | 0.03 to 7.50 |
| Lead | 0.001 to 0.15 |
| Magnesium | 0.002 to 0.10 |
| Manganese | 0.06 to 2.50 |
| Molybdenum | 0.01 to 5.00 |
| Nickel | 0.01 to 36.00 |
| Phosphorus | 0.01 to 0.90 |
| Selenium | 0.001 to 0.06 |
| Silicon | 0.10 to 6.0 |
| Sulfur | 0.005 to 0.25 |
| Tellurium | 0.001 to 0.35 |
| Tin | 0.001 to 0.35 |
| Titanium | 0.001 to 0.20 |
| Tungsten | 0.001 to 0.20 |
| Vanadium | 0.005 to 0.50 |
| Zinc | 0.005 to 0.20 |
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:
| | Sections |
| |
| Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption Method (1 % to 3 %) | 108 |
| Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to 4.50 %)—Discontinued | 97 |
| Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001 % to 0.30 %) | 237 |
| Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) | 208 |
| Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) | 218 |
| Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05 % to 30.0 %)—Discontinued | |
| Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 % to 4.5 %) | 53 |
| Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 4.50 %) | 61 |
| Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %) | 116 |
| Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %) | 81 |
| Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Method (0.001 % to 0.15 %) | 126 |
| Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) | 71 |
| Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to 2.00 %) | 8 |
| Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10 % to 3.5 %) | 152 |
| Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method | 257 |
| Molybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.5 %) | 196 |
| Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 36.00 %) | 168 |
| Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Method (0.005 % to 1.00 %) | 176 |
| Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %) | 160 |
| Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %) | 18 |
| Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 6.0 %) | 46 |
| Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued | 30 |
| Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.25 %)—Discontinued | 37 |
| Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued | |
| Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) | 186 |
| Tin by the Sulfide-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 % to 0.35 %) | 89 |
| Titanium, Total, by the Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometric Method (0.006 % to 0.35 %) | 246 |
| Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %) | 227 |
1.3 Procedures for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in these test methods can be found in Test Methods E1019.
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single method and therefore this standard contains multiple methods for some elements. The user must select the proper method by matching the information given in the Scope and Interference sections of each method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these Methods.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) 
The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron. Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry
E173 Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals
E350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron
E352 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels
E353 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys
E882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques
E1024 Guide for Chemical Analysis of Metals and Metal Bearing Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
E1806 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition
Keywords
atomic absorption; carbon content; cast iron; cerium; chromium; cobalt; combustion analysis; copper; graphitic carbon; gravimetric; infrared absorption; ion exchange; lanthanum; lead; magnesium; manganese; molybdenum; nickel; phosphorus; silicon; spectrophotometric; sulfur; tin; titanium; titrimetric; vanadium;
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 77.040.30 (Chemical analysis of metals)
DOI: 10.1520/E0351-13
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