ASTM E2277-03

Withdrawn Rationale:

This guide covers procedures for the design and construction of engineered structural fills using coal fly ash, bottom ash, or ponded ash.

Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management, and Corrective Action, this guide was withdrawn in January 2012 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

1.1 This guide covers procedures for the design and construction of engineered structural fills using coal fly ash, bottom ash, or ponded ash.

1.2 The utilization of coal ash under this guide is a component of a pollution prevention program; Guide E 1609 describes pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of coal ash in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and energy.

1.3 This guide applies only to fly ash and bottom ash produced primarily by the combustion of coal.

1.4 The testing, engineering, and construction practices for coal ash fills are similar to generally accepted practices for natural soil fills. Coal ash structural fills should be designed using generally accepted engineering practices.

1.5 Laws and regulations governing the use of coal ash vary by state. The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and comply with applicable requirements.

1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

C150 Specification for Portland Cement

C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement

C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland-Cement Concrete

C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements

D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates

D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, Design, and Construction Purposes

D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils

D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

D698 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3))

D854 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soils

D1195 Test Method for Repetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements

D1196 Test Method for Nonrepetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements

D1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings

D1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil In Place by the Sand-Cone Method

D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56 000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2700 kN-m/m3))

D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils

D1883 Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils

D2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil

D2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method

D2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock

D2435 Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils

D2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated, Undrained Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soils in Triaxial Compression

D2922 Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)

D3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions

D3550 Practice for Ring-Lined Barrel Sampling of Soils

D3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures

D4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table

D4254 Test Method for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density

D4429 Test Method for Bearing Ratio of Soils in Place

D4643 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by the Microwave Oven Method

D4959 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by Direct Heating Method

D4972 Test Method for pH of Soils

D5084 Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter

D5239 Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil Stabilization

E1527 Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process

E1528 Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Trans-action Screen Process

E1609 Guide for the Development and Implementation of a Pollution Prevention Program

E2201 Terminology for Coal Combustion Products

G51 Test Method for pH of Soil for Use in Corrosion Testing

G57 Test Method for Field Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Wenner Four-Electrode Method

AASHTO Standards

Keywords

bottom ash; coal ash; embankment; fly ash; pollution prevention; resource conservation; structural fill; utilization;

Citing ASTM Standards

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