Significance and Use
All ASTM test methods are required to include statements on precision and bias.
Since ASTM began to require all test methods to have precision and bias statements that are based on interlaboratory test methods, there has been increased concern regarding what statistical experiments and procedures to use during the development of the test methods. Although there exists a wide range of statistical procedures, there is a small group of generally accepted techniques that are very beneficial to follow. This document is designed to provide a brief overview of these procedures and to suggest an appropriate sequence of carrying out these procedures.
Statistical procedures often result in interpretations that are not absolutes. Sometimes the information obtained may be inadequate or incomplete, which may lead to additional questions and the need for further experimentation. Information outside the data is also important in establishing standards and in the interpretation of numerical results.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide identifies statistical procedures for use in developing new test methods or revising or evaluating existing test methods, or both.
1.2 This guide also cites statistical procedures especially useful in the application of test methods.
2. Referenced Documents
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
E1169 Guide for Conducting Ruggedness Tests
E122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process
E1301 Guide for Proficiency Testing by Interlaboratory Comparisons
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments
E1402 Terminology Relating to Sampling
E141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
ISO17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
ISO5725 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results
Index Terms
statistical procedure; ASTM voluntary consensus standards; Interlaboratory study (ILS); Observation/observed values; Precision; Statistical methods; Variability; ASTM voluntary consensus standards; Interlaboratory study (ILS); Observation/observed values; Precision; Statistical methods; Variability; ICS Number Code 07.020; 19.020
Citing ASTM Standards
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