One of the factors affecting the quality of a radiographic image is geometric unsharpness. The degree of geometric unsharpness is dependent upon the focal size of the radiation source, the distance between the source and the object to be radiographed, and the distance between the object to be radiographed and the film. This test method allows the user to determine the focal size of the X-ray source and to use this result to establish source to object and object to film distances appropriate for maintaining the desired degree of geometric unsharpness.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method provides instructions for determining the length and width dimensions of line focal spots in industrial X-ray tubes (see Note 1). This determination is based on the measurement of an image of a focal spot that has been radiographically recorded with a “pinhole” projection/imaging technique.

Note 1—Line focal spots are associated with vacuum X-ray tubes whose maximum voltage rating does not generally exceed 500 kV.

1.2 This test method may not yield meaningful results on focal spots whose nominal size is less than 0.3 mm (0.011 in.). (See Note 2.)

Note 2—The X-ray tube manufacturer may be contacted for nominal focal spot dimensions.

1.3 This test method may also be used to determine the presence or extent of focal spot damage or deterioration that may have occurred due to tube age, tube overloading, and the like. This would entail the production of a focal spot radiograph (with the pinhole method) and an evaluation of the resultant image for pitting, cracking, and the like.

1.4 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

Index Terms

focal spots; pinhole camera; pinhole imaging; X-ray; X-ray tube; Current measurement; Density; Exposure tests; Focal size; Geometric analysis; Industrial radiographic film processing/testing; Length; Pinhole test; Radiographic examination; Voltage; Width; X-radiography ;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 19.100 (Non-destructive testing)

Citing ASTM Standards

[Back to Top]