Significance and Use
p>Tall oil, both crude and refined, is an important by-product of the alkaline (kraft) pulping of pine wood. It consists primarily of fatty acids, resin acids, and neutral materials; the levels of these various components depend on factors such as the species of pine tree, geographic location, climate, etc.
Tall oil is used primarily as a commercial source of fatty acids and rosin, and, therefore, reliable methods for the analysis of these components is necessary.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the test procedures to be applied to whole tall oils or refined tall oils. Previous editions of these test methods have described test procedures that are used to test tall oil fatty acid, rosin, and other tall oil-derived products as well as test crude and refined tall oil. Consequently, these test methods are widely cited in reference books and industry literature for the testing of tall oil-derived products.
1.1.1 In this current revision, procedural details of some of the often-cited test methods have been removed and the test methods consolidated with other existing test methods. In such cases the consolidated methods, applicable to all tall oil-derived products, are referenced.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
| Physical Tests | Sections |
| Viscosity: | |
| Brookfield Method (Preferred Method) | 7 |
| Bubble Time Method | 8 |
| Flash Point | 9 |
| Color | 10 |
| Moisture: | 11 |
| Insoluble Matter | 12 |
| Ash | 13 |
| Chemical Analysis |
| Acid Number | 16 |
| Saponification Number | 17 |
| Rosin Acids | 18 |
| Unsaponifiable Matter | 19 |
| Fatty Acids | 20 |
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) 
The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D269 Test Method for Insoluble Matter in Rosin and Rosin Derivatives
D464 Test Methods for Saponification Number of Naval Store Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
D465 Test Methods for Acid Number of Naval Stores Products Including Tall Oil and Other Related Products
D890 Test Method for Water in Liquid Naval Stores
D1065 Test Method for Unsaponifiable Matter in Naval Stores, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
D1240 Test Methods for Rosin Acids Content of Naval Stores, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
D1466 Test Method for Sampling Liquid Oils and Fatty Acids Commonly Used in Paints, Varnishes, and Related Materials
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
D1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by Bubble Time Method
D1585 Test Methods for Fatty Acids Content of Naval Stores, Including Rosin, Tall Oil, and Related Products
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
D5974 Test Methods for Fatty and Rosin Acids in Tall Oil Fractionation Products by Capillary Gas Chromatography
D6166 Test Method for Color of Naval Stores and Related Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
Keywords
acid number; fatty acids; rosin acids; saponification number; tall oil; Acid number--paints/related coatings/applications; Ash--paints/related coatings/materials; Flash point--liquids; Moisture analysis--paints/related coatings/materials; Viscometers--Gardner-Holdt; Viscosity--paints/related coatings/materials; Fatty acids content; Gardner-Holdt viscosity; Rosin acids content; Saponification number/value; Tall oil fatty acids; Tall oil/tall oil rosin; Unsaponifiable matter content;
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 87.060.20 (Binders)
DOI: 10.1520/D0803-03R08
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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