This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains. The different conditions that affect coatings are presented in details. The balance of properties must be considered when establishing the requirements and selecting the tests. The different test methods in determining the liquid coating properties are enumerated and discussed. The different methods in determining the coating application and film formation are presented and discussed in details. The different test methods of determining the appearance of dry films are presented. The different test method of determining the dry coating properties are presented in details. The different test methods and practices in performing the chemical analysis of exterior woods are presented in details. Although many of the recommended test methods attempt to simulate conditions under which coatings are applied and used, it is not possible to duplicate accurately all possible conditions. Testing materials, including appropriate controls, under field conditions is recommended for the final evaluation of suitability.

This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.

1. Scope

1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains and clear water repellents. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains and clear water repellents. The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.

Note 1—The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide.

Note 2—The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.

Note 3—The term “clear” is defined as a transparent composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not obscure the grain or texture of the wood.

1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.

1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications

D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester

D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

D154 Guide for Testing Varnishes

D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments

D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed Oil Paints

D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts

D358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in Weathering Tests of Coatings

D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings

D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss

D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer

D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints

D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints

D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints

D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints

D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints

D869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of Paint

D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive

D1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Wood

D1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood

D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage

D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and Diluents

D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products

D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials

D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature

D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials

D1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint

D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer

D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion

D2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings

D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

D2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acids in Solvent-Reducible Paints

D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings

D2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings

D2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints

D2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-Reducible Paints

D2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints

D2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the Container to Attack by Microorganisms

D2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints

D2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings

D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry

D3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Emulsion Paints

D3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Chamber

D3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth, or Soil and Dirt Accumulation

D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus

D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test

D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure Tests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to Microbiological Attack

D3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection on Coated Exterior Panels

D3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-Emulsion Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing

D3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence of Latex Paint Films by Porosity Measurement

D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings

D3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen Uniformity

D3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings

D4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Method

D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser

D4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down Method

D4141 Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Concentrating Exposures of Coatings

D4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups

D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films

D4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a Cone/Plate Viscometer

D4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator

D4446 Test Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness of Water-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swelling of Untreated Wood When Exposed to Liquid Water Environments

D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation

D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings

D4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

D5326 Test Method for Color Development in Tinted Latex Paints

D5401 Test Method for Evaluating Clear Water Repellent Coatings on Wood

D6686 Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resistance of Coatings

D6695 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings

E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode

E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials

E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry

G90 Practice for Performing Accelerated Outdoor Weathering of Nonmetallic Materials Using Concentrated Natural Sunlight

U.S. Federal Standards

Other Documents

Keywords

clear water repellents; exterior wood stains; Coatings (paint/related applications); Exterior wood stains; Liquid coatings (applications/testing); Solventborne paints/coatings; Waterborne coatings;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 79.040 (Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber)

Citing ASTM Standards

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