Significance and Use
This test method was developed to evaluate the viscometric performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines. Results are obtained from used oil analysis.
The test method is used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.
TABLE 1 PC-9 Reference Diesel Fuel
| Property | Test Method | MinA | | MaxA |
|---|
| Sulfur, mass % | D2622 | 0.04 | | 0.05 |
| Gravity, °API | D287 or D4052 | 34.5 | | 36.5 (37) |
| Hydrocarbon composition, % vol | | | | |
| Aromatics | D1319 (FIA) | (27) 28 | | 33 |
| Olefin | D1319 (FIA) | | Report | |
| Cetane number | D613 | 40 (42) | | 48 |
| Cetane index | D976 and D4737 | | Report | |
| Copper strip corrosion | D130 | | | 1 |
| Flash point, °C | D93 | 54 | | |
| Pour point, °C | D97 | | | −18 |
| Cloud point, °C | D2500 | | Report | |
| Carbon residue on 10 % residuum, mass % | D524 (10 % bottoms) | | | 0.35 |
| Water and sediment, vol % | D2709 | | | 0.05 |
| Viscosity, mm2/s at 40 °C | D445 | 2.4 | | 3.0 |
| Ash, mass % | D482 | | | 0.005 |
| Acid number | D664 | | | 0.05 |
| Strong acid number | D664 | | | 0.00 |
| Accelerated stability | D2274 | | Report | |
| Distillation, °C | D86 | | | |
| IBP | | | Report | |
| 10 % vol | | | Report | |
| 50 % vol | | | Report | |
| 90 % vol | | 282 | | 338 |
| EP | | | Report | |
A Min and max numbers in parentheses are EPA Certification Fuel Specifications.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics, including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading). This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-8.
1.2 This test method also provides the procedure for running an extended length T-8 test, which is commonly referred to as the T-8E and an abbreviated length test, which is commonly referred to as T-8A. The procedures for the T-8E and the T-8A are identical to the T-8 with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A8 and Annex A9 respectively. Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8 and Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the T-8 procedure.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, sole source equipment suppliers, and oil consumption in grams per kilowatthour.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions.
1.5 A Table of Contents follows:
| Scope | 1 |
| Referenced Documents | 2 |
| Terminology | 3 |
| Summary of Test Method | 4 |
| Significance and Use | 5 |
| Apparatus | 6 |
| General Description | 6.1 |
| The Test Engine | 6.2 |
| Mack Test Engine | 6.2.1 |
| Engine Cooling System | 6.2.2 |
| Engine Oil System | 6.2.3 |
| Auxiliary Oil System | 6.2.4 |
| Crankcase Aspiration | 6.2.5 |
| Blowby Meter | 6.2.6 |
| Air Supply and Filtration | 6.2.7 |
| Fuel Supply | 6.2.8 |
| Intake Manifold Temperature Control | 6.2.9 |
| Engine Fluids | 7 |
| Test Oil | 7.1 |
| Test Fuel | 7.2 |
| Engine Coolant | 7.3 |
| Cleaning Materials | 7.4 |
| Preparation of Apparatus at Rebuild | 8 |
| Cleaning of Parts | 8.1 |
| Valves, Seats, Guides, and Springs | 8.2 |
| Cylinder Liner, Piston, and Piston Ring Assembly | 8.3 |
| Injectors and Injection Pump | 8.4 |
| Assembly Instructions | 8.5 |
| Measurements | 8.6 |
Laboratory and Engine Test Stand Calibration/Non-Reference
Requirements | 9 |
| Calibration Frequency | 9.1 |
| Calibration Reference Oils | 9.2 |
| Test Numbering | 9.3 |
| New Laboratories and New Test Stands | 9.4 |
| Calibrated Laboratories and Test Stands | 9.5 |
| Calibration Test Acceptance | 9.6 |
| Failing Calibration Tests | 9.7 |
| Non-Reference Oil Test Requirements | 9.8 |
| Procedure | 10 |
| Pretest Procedure | 10.1 |
| Engine Start-Up | 10.2 |
| Engine Shutdown | 10.3 |
| Test Cycle | 10.4 |
| Oil Addition/Drain | 10.5 |
| Oil Samples | 10.6 |
| Oil Consumption Calculations | 10.7 |
| Fuel Samples | 10.8 |
| Periodic Measurements | 10.9 |
| Blowby | 10.10 |
| Centrifugal Oil Filter Mass Gain | 10.11 |
| Oil Filter ΔP Calculation | 10.12 |
| Post Test | 10.13 |
| Inspection of Fuel and Oil During Test | 11 |
| Oil Inspection | 11.1 |
| Fuel Inspections | 11.2 |
| Oil Consumption | 11.3 |
| Report | 12 |
| Reporting Test Results | 12.1 |
| Deviations from Test Operational Limits | 12.2 |
| Electronic Transmission of Test Results | 12.3 |
| Plots of Operational Data | 12.4 |
| Precision and Bias | 13 |
| Precision | 13.1 |
| Bias | 13.2 |
| Keywords | 14 |
| Annexes | |
| Report Forms | Annex A1 |
| Sensor Locations | Annex A2 |
| Kinematic Viscosity At 100°C For Test Method D5967 Samples | Annex A3 |
| Enhanced Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) Procedure | Annex A4 |
| Procurement of Test Materials | Annex A5 |
| Safety Precautions | Annex A6 |
| Data Dictionary | Annex A7 |
| T-8E Extended Length Test Requirements | Annex A8 |
| T-8A Abbreviated Length Test Requirements | Annex A9 |
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) 
The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus
D7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
SAE Standard
SAEJ1995 Engine Power Test Code--Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition--Gross Power Rating
Keywords
diesel engine oil; lubricants; soot; T-8 diesel engine; viscosity;
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related products)
DOI: 10.1520/D5967-12
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Citing ASTM Standards
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