Safe and reliable mechanical properties for adhesives are necessary to achieve the full structural benefit of adhesives in bonded structural components and assemblies.

An adhesive's properties exhibit a natural variation or distribution of values. The allowable design stress for an adhesive must be adjusted to allow for variability and environmental effects to ensure human safety and prevent premature failure of costly structures.

Modification factors can be applied to the allowable design stress by the design engineer as deemed appropriate for the expected service conditions of the adhesive, or in accordance with the requirements of a building code.

The allowable properties developed under these methods apply only to the actual adhesive formulation tested and analyzed.

The allowable properties developed for a given adhesive shall apply only to adhesive bondlines with thicknesses in the range for which data is available.

1. Scope

1.1 These test methods cover the principles for establishing allowable mechanical properties for adhesives that can be used to design adhesive-bonded joints for structural components and assemblies of wood or wood with other materials. These test methods are modeled after Practice D245.

1.2 The properties determined are allowable shear stress, allowable tensile stress, and allowable shear modulus.

1.3 In determination of allowable shear- and tensile-stress levels, these test methods are limited by the horizontal shear and tension perpendicular-to-the-grain capacity of the wood adherends (hard maple, Acer saccharum, Marsh.). The adhesives so tested may actually have shear or tensile allowable stresses exceeding the wood, but the determined allowable design stress levels are limited (upper bounded) by the wood in these test methods. If a wood other than hard maple is used for testing the adhesive, then the allowable strengths are upper bounded by the properties of that particular wood.

1.4 The strength properties are determined by standard ASTM test methods. As a result, only procedural variations from the standards and special directions for applying the results are given in these test methods.

1.5 Time-to-failure data derived from creep-rupture testing (see Test Method D4680) provide a measure of the ultimate strength of an adhesive bond as a function of time at various levels of temperature and moisture.

1.5.1 With proper caution, useful service life at a given shear stress level may be extrapolated from relatively short loading periods.

1.6 The resistance of the adhesive to permanent loss of properties due to aging (permanence) is assessed by means of strength tests after constant elevated-temperature and moisture aging of test specimens.

1.6.1 If the subject adhesives will be used to bond wood that has been treated with a preservative, fire retardant, or any other chemical to modify its properties, then the permanence of the adhesive shall be tested using wood adherends treated in the same manner.

1.7 Factors for durability, permanence, and creep derived by shear tests and analysis, are assumed to apply to tension (normal-to-the-bond) strength as well.

1.8 Requirements for production, inspection, and certification of adhesives evaluated under these test methods are not included.

1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber

D897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive Bonds

D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading

D907 Terminology of Adhesives

D1101 Test Methods for Integrity of Adhesive Joints in Structural Laminated Wood Products for Exterior Use

D1151 Practice for Effect of Moisture and Temperature on Adhesive Bonds

D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values

D2559 Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural Wood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Conditions

D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based Products

D3931 Test Method for Determining Strength of Gap-Filling Adhesive Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading

D3983 Test Method for Measuring Strength and Shear Modulus of Nonrigid Adhesives by the Thick-Adherend Tensile-Lap Specimen

D4027 Test Method for Measuring Shear Properties of Structural Adhesives by the Modified-Rail Test

D4502 Test Method for Heat and Moisture Resistance of Wood-Adhesive Joints

D4680 Test Method for Creep and Time to Failure of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)

D4896 Guide for Use of Adhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint Specimen Test Results

Keywords

adhesive; creep; durability; shear modulus; shear strength; shear stress; tensile strength; tension stress; Adhesive bonds; Adhesives; Allowable properties; Creep--adhesives; Design; Durability--adhesives; Mechanical properties; Shear testing--adhesives; Structural adhesives; Tensile properties/testing--adhesive bonds; Tensile stress (perpendicular to grain); Wood products (adhesives)

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 83.180 (Adhesives)

Citing ASTM Standards

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