Significance and Use
4.1 This practice provides a simple means of classifying failure modes for adhesively bonded FRP joints.
4.2 Each failure mode classification is based solely on a visual observation of the failure surface without the aid of a microscope or other means to magnify the surface.
4.3 Except for the line-drawing representations given, this practice does not contain descriptions of failure modes possible when using adhesion promoters. However, similar analogies to the failure modes described herein can be made.
4.4 This practice does not address the acceptability of any specific failure mode.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the method of classifying, identifying, and characterizing the failure modes in adhesively bonded fiber-reinforced-plastic (FRP) joints. The FRP used in developing this practice consists of glass fibers in a thermoset-polyester-resin matrix, commonly referred to as sheet-molding compound, or SMC.
1.2 One objective of this practice is to present comprehensive definitions of possible failure modes to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and product performance.
Note 1—
Figures 2 through 11 referred to in the practice are contained in the ASTM adjunct, Color Photographs of Failure Modes. Fig. 2—Side-by Side Comparison of Failure Modes Fig. 3—Adhesive Failure Fig. 4—Cohesive Failure Fig. 5—Thin-Layer Cohesive Failure Fig. 6—Fiber-Tear Failure Fig. 7—Light-Fiber-Tear Failure Fig. 8—Stock-Break Failure Fig. 9—Mixed Failure—40 % Fiber-Tear Failure, 60 % Light-Fiber-Tear Fiber Fig. 10—Mixed Failure—32 % Adhesive Failure, 68 % Fiber-Tear Failure Fig. 11—Mixed Failure—20 % Adhesive Failure, 60 % Light-Fiber-Tear Failure, 20 % Fiber-Tear Failure Note 2—
This practice may be used to describe the failure modes generated from testing, using procedures such as Test Methods D3163, D3164, D3165, D3807, D5041, D5868, and SAE J1525. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) 
The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
D3163 Test Method for Determining Strength of Adhesively Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by Tension Loading
D3164 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesively Bonded Plastic Lap-Shear Sandwich Joints in Shear by Tension Loading
D3165 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap-Joint Laminated Assemblies
D3807 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Cleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-to-Engineering Plastics)
D5041 Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Joints
D5868 Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding
SAE Standard
SAEJ1525 SAE Recommended Practice--Lap Shear Test for Automotive-Type Adhesives for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://aerospace.sae.org.
Keywords
adhesive bond; failure mode; fiber-reinforced plastic; FRP; practice;
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 83.120 (Reinforced plastics)
DOI: 10.1520/D5573-99R12
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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