This compilation of standards is intended to provide assistance in selecting appropriate tests for evaluating water-reducible coatings and for determining what characteristics should be considered for a given end use. Either single-coat operations or multicoat systems may be addressed by the proper selection of tests. Results from the various tests are not all necessarily useful in evaluating the performance of different systems for various end uses. The list can be useful to those developing coatings and coating systems and to those seeking coating systems for products.

1. Scope

1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing water-reducible coatings, both pigmented and clear, utilizing synthetic latices, synthetic resin emulsions, or water-reducible alkyds. The methods included are listed in Table 1. Where more than one standard is listed for the same characteristic, no attempt is made to indicate superiority of one standard over another. Selection of the standards to be followed must be governed by experience and the requirements in each individual case, together with agreement between producer and user.

1.2 This guide covers the testing of liquid coatings as applied by conventional spray, airless spray, electrostatic spray, dip, fancoat, flowcoat, roller coat, and curtain coat.

1.3 This guide includes procedures relating to proper and safe packaging, shipping and receiving, and storage and handling during use and application.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus

B287 Method of Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing

D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications

D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester

D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments

D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed Oil Paints

D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts

D522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings

D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss

D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer

D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related Coating Products

D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces

D658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Air Blast Abrasive

D659 Method for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paints

D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints

D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints

D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints

D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints

D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints

D822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings

D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels

D869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of Paint

D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion

D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive

D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers

D1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates

D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water

D1150 Single and Multi-Panel Forms for Recording Results of Exposure Tests of Paints

D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous Base

D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup

D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage

D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings

D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes

D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a Nonferrous Metal Base

D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings

D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products

D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System

D1540 Method of Test for Effect of Chemical Agents on Organic Finishes Used in the Transportation Industry

D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature

D1653 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Organic Coating Films

D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments

D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials

D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting

D1731 Practices for Preparation of Hot-Dip Aluminum Surfaces for Painting

D1732 Practices for Preparation of Magnesium Alloy Surfaces for Painting

D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus

D1737 Method of Test for Elongation of Attached Organic Coatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus

D1848 Classification for Reporting Paint Film Failures Characteristic of Exterior Latex Paints

D1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint

D2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers

D2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Surfaces for Painting

D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer

D2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion

D2201 Practice for Preparation of Zinc-Coated and Zinc-Alloy-Coated Steel Panels for Testing Paint and Related Coating Products

D2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings

D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates

D2246 Test Method for Finishes on Primed Metallic Substrates for Humidity-Thermal Cycle Cracking

D2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100 % Relative Humidity

D2248 Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes

D2353 Method of Test for Flow Ratings of Organic Coatings Using the Shell Flow Comparator

D2354 Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles

D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings

D2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints

D2454 Practice for Determining the Effect of Overbaking on Organic Coatings

D2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the Container to Attack by Microorganisms

D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale

D2691 Method for Microscopical Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Coatings on Wood Products

D2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings

D2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)

D2803 Guide for Testing Filiform Corrosion Resistance of Organic Coatings on Metal

D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry

D2933 Test Method for Corrosion Resistance of Coated Steel Specimens (Cyclic Method)

D3002 Guide for Evaluation of Coatings Applied to Plastics

D3023 Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents

D3134 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances

D3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Emulsion Paints

D3170 Test Method for Chipping Resistance of Coatings

D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus

D3281 Test Method for Formability of Attached Organic Coatings with Impact-Wedge Bend Apparatus

D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test

D3361 Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings

D3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence of Latex Paint Films by Porosity Measurement

D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials

D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings

D3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen Uniformity

D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser

D4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down Method

D4399 Test Method for Measuring Electrical Conductivity of Electrocoat Baths

D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation

D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings

E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode

U.S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141c

Keywords

alkyds; appearance of materials; application properties; brush application; color; curtain coat; dip application; electrostatic spray; emulsion vehicles; exterior exposure; fancoat; film formation rates; flowcoat; instrumental evaluation; opaque film; paints and related coatings; paints; roller coat; spray method; visual examination; water-base; water-reducible coatings;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 87.040 (Paints and varnishes)

Citing ASTM Standards

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