Significance and Use
This compilation of standards is intended to provide assistance in selecting appropriate tests for evaluating water-reducible coatings and for determining what characteristics should be considered for a given end use. Either single-coat operations or multicoat systems may be addressed by the proper selection of tests. Results from the various tests are not all necessarily useful in evaluating the performance of different systems for various end uses. The list can be useful to those developing coatings and coating systems and to those seeking coating systems for products.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing water-reducible coatings, both pigmented and clear, utilizing synthetic latices, synthetic resin emulsions, or water-reducible alkyds. The methods included are listed in Table 1. Where more than one standard is listed for the same characteristic, no attempt is made to indicate superiority of one standard over another. Selection of the standards to be followed must be governed by experience and the requirements in each individual case, together with agreement between producer and user.
1.2 This guide covers the testing of liquid coatings as applied by conventional spray, airless spray, electrostatic spray, dip, fancoat, flowcoat, roller coat, and curtain coat.
1.3 This guide includes procedures relating to proper and safe packaging, shipping and receiving, and storage and handling during use and application.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) 
The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.
ASTM Standards
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
B287 Method of Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments, Pastes, and Paints
D215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White Linseed Oil Paints
D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
D522 Test Method for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Using the Stormer Viscometer
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related Coating Products
D610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
D658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Air Blast Abrasive
D659 Method for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paints
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints
D661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior Paints
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
D822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of Paint
D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints and Coatings on Metal Substrates
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water
D1150 Single and Multi-Panel Forms for Recording Results of Exposure Tests of Paints
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous Base
D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
D1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings
D1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented Organic Finishes
D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a Nonferrous Metal Base
D1474 Test Methods for Indentation Hardness of Organic Coatings
D1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks, and Related Products
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
D1540 Test Method for Effect of Chemical Agents on Organic Finishes Used in the Transportation Industry
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
D1653 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Organic Coating Films
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
D1731 Practices for Preparation of Hot-Dip Aluminum Surfaces for Painting
D1732 Practices for Preparation of Magnesium Alloy Surfaces for Painting
D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
D1737 Test Method for Elongation of Attached Organic Coatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus
D1848 Classification for Reporting Paint Film Failures Characteristic of Exterior Latex Paints
D1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
D2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers
D2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Surfaces for Painting
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
D2197 Test Methods for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by Scrape Adhesion
D2201 Practice for Preparation of Zinc-Coated and Zinc-Alloy-Coated Steel Panels for Testing Paint and Related Coating Products
D2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne Coatings
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D2246 Test Method for Finishes on Primed Metallic Substrates for Humidity-Thermal Cycle Cracking
D2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100 % Relative Humidity
D2248 Practice for Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes
D2353 Test Method for Flow Ratings of Organic Coatings Using the Shell Flow Comparator
D2354 Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible Paints
D2454 Practice for Determining the Effect of Overbaking on Organic Coatings
D2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in the Container to Attack by Microorganisms
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale
D2691 Test Methods for Microscopical Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Coatings on Wood Products
D2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings
D2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
D2803 Guide for Testing Filiform Corrosion Resistance of Organic Coatings on Metal
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry
D2933 Test Method for Corrosion Resistance of Coated Steel Specimens (Cyclic Method)
D3002 Guide for Evaluation of Coatings Applied to Plastics
D3023 Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents
D3134 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances
D3168 Practice for the Qualitative Identification of Polymers in Emulsion Paints
D3170 Test Method for Chipping Resistance of Coatings
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
D3281 Test Method for Formability of Attached Organic Coatings with Impact-Wedge Bend Apparatus
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
D3361 Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
D3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence of Latex Paint Films
D3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related Pigmented Coatings
D3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen Uniformity
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser
D4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down Method
D4399 Test Method for Measuring Electrical Conductivity of Electrocoat Baths
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the Glass Electrode
U.S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141c
4331.1 Test Method
Keywords
alkyds; appearance of materials; application properties; brush application; color; curtain coat; dip application; electrostatic spray; emulsion vehicles; exterior exposure; fancoat; film formation rates; flowcoat; instrumental evaluation; opaque film; paints and related coatings; paints; roller coat; spray method; visual examination; water-base; water-reducible coatings;
ICS Code
ICS Number Code 87.040 (Paints and varnishes)
DOI: 10.1520/D4712-87AR05
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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