ASTM D471

Certain rubber articles, for example, seals, gaskets, hoses, diaphragms, and sleeves, may be exposed to oils, greases, fuels, and other fluids during service. The exposure may be continuous or intermittent and may occur over wide temperature ranges.

Properties of rubber articles deteriorate during exposure to these liquids, affecting the performance of the rubber part, which can result in partial failure.

This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give any direct correlation with actual part performance, since service conditions vary too widely. It yields comparative data on which to base judgment as to expected service quality.

This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee purposes, and research and development work.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers the required procedures to evaluate the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositions to withstand the effect of liquids. It is designed for testing: (1) specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets (see Practice D 3182), (2) specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber (see Test Methods D 751), or (3) finished articles of commerce (see Practice D 3183). This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, and compressed sheet packing, except as described in 11.2.2.

1.2 ASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3, formerly used in this test method as standard test liquids, are no longer commercially available and in 1993 were replaced with IRM 902 and IRM 903, respectively (see Appendix X1 for details).

1.3 ASTM No. 1 Oil, previously used in this test method as a standard test liquid, is no longer commercially available and in 2005 was replaced with IRM 901; refer to Table 1, Footnote A, and Appendix X3 for details.

1.4 This test method includes the following:

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

TABLE 1 Specifications and Typical Properties of ASTM and IRM Reference Oils

^A ASTM Oil No. 1 is no longer commercially available, the specifications are left in place for the purpose of reference until such time as an interlaboratory test program is conducted to determine precision and bias. Refer to Appendix X3.

2. Referenced Documents

ASTM Standards
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
D1415 Test Method for Rubber Property--International Hardness
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D1747 Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials
D2008 Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products
D2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property--Durometer Hardness
D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D3182 Practice for Rubber--Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard Vulcanized Sheets
D3183 Practice for Rubber--Preparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products
D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers--Tension
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries
D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics
D865 Test Method for Rubber--Deterioration by Heating in Air (Test Tube Enclosure)
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
SAE Standards
J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification

Index Terms

elevated temperature; fluid immersion; liquid immersion; reference fuel; rubber articles; rubber products; service liquid; Accelerated aging/testing--rubber/related materials; Breaking strength/tenacity--rubber; Bursting strength--rubber; Change in length; Dimensional change; Elevated temperature tests--rubber; Elongation--rubber; Evaporation loss; Fluid immersion; Fuel oils; Fuels (test medias); Hardness tests; Immersion--rubber materials/applications; Liquids immersion--effect on rubber; Oils (test medias); Reference fuel; Rubber adhesion; Service liquid; Tear resistance; Tensile properties/testing--rubber/relatged materials; Testing methods--rubber; Volume change; Water displacement test; Accelerated aging/testing--rubber/related materials; Breaking strength/tenacity--rubber; Bursting strength--rubber; Change in length; Dimensional change; Elevated temperature tests--rubber; Elongation--rubber; Evaporation loss; Fluid immersion; Fuel oils; Fuels (test medias); Hardness tests; Immersion--rubber materials/applications; Liquids immersion--effect on rubber; Oils (test medias); Reference fuel; Rubber adhesion; Service liquid; Tear resistance; Tensile properties/testing--rubber/relatged materials; Testing methods--rubber; Volume change; Water displacement test; ICS Number Code 83.060 (Rubber)

Citing ASTM Standards

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