ASTM D471

Significance and Use

4.1 Certain rubber articles, for example, seals, gaskets, hoses, diaphragms, and sleeves, may be exposed to oils, greases, fuels, and other fluids during service. The exposure may be continuous or intermittent and may occur over wide temperature ranges.

4.2 Properties of rubber articles deteriorate during exposure to these liquids, affecting the performance of the rubber part, which can result in partial failure.

4.3 This test method attempts to simulate service conditions through controlled accelerated testing, but may not give any direct correlation with actual part performance, since service conditions vary too widely. It yields comparative data on which to base judgment as to expected service quality.

4.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee purposes, and research and development work.

1. Scope

1.1 This test method covers the required procedures to evaluate the comparative ability of rubber and rubber-like compositions to withstand the effect of liquids. It is designed for testing: (1) specimens of vulcanized rubber cut from standard sheets (see Practice D3182), (2) specimens cut from fabric coated with vulcanized rubber (see Test Methods D751), or (3) finished articles of commerce (see Practice D3183). This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers, porous compositions, and compressed sheet packing, except as described in 11.2.2.

1.2 ASTM Oils No. 2 and No. 3, formerly used in this test method as standard test liquids, are no longer commercially available and in 1993 were replaced with IRM 902 and IRM 903, respectively (see Appendix X1 for details).

1.3 ASTM No. 1 Oil, previously used in this test method as a standard test liquid, is no longer commercially available and in 2005 was replaced with IRM 901; refer to Table 1 and Appendix X3 for details.

TABLE 1 Specifications and Typical Properties of IRM Reference Oils

Property	IRM 901^A	IRM 902	IRM 903	IRM 905	ASTM Method
Specified Properties:
Aniline Point, °C (°F)	124 ± 1 (255 ± 2)	93 ± 3 (199 ± 5)	70± 1 (158 ± 2)	115 ± 1 (239± 2)	D611
Kinematic Viscosity
(mm²/s [cSt])
38°C (100°F)		...	31.9–34.1	...	D445
99°C (210°F)	18.12–20.34	19.2–21.5	...	10.8–11.9	D445
Gravity, API, 16°C (60°F)	28.8 ± 1	19.0–21.0	21.0–23.0	...	D287
Viscosity-Gravity Constant	0.790–0.805	0.860–0.870	0.875–0.885	...	D2140
Flash Point COC, °C (°F)	243(469) min	232 (450) min	163 (325) min	243 (469) min	D92
Naphthenics, C_N (%)	27 (avg)	35 min	40 min	...	D2140
Paraffinics, C_P (%)	65 min	50 max	45 max	...	D2140

Typical Properties:
Pour Point, °C (°F)	−12 (10)	−12 (10)	−31 (−24)	−15 (5)	D97
ASTM Color	L 3.5	L 2.5	L 0.5	L 1.0	D1500
Refractive Index	1.4848	1.5105	1.5026	1.4808	D1747
UV Absorbance, 260 nm	0.8	4.0	2.2	...	D2008
Aromatics, C_A (%)	3	12	14	4	D2140

^A Refer to Appendix X3. Table X3.1 reflects the differences in the properties between ASTM No. 1 Oil and IRM 901 for reference purposes.

TABLE 2 IRM 901 – 2012 Batch Test Results

Property	Method	2005 Batch COA	2005 Batch Current	2012 Sample Data				2012 Batch Average
Viscosity, cSt @99°C	D445	19.58	19.5	18.8	18.7	18.8	18.7	18.8
Viscosity, cSt @99°C	D445	19.58	19.5	18.8	18.8	18.9	18.7	18.8

Gravity, API @16°C	D287	28.6	28.9	28.9	28.9	28.8	28.9	28.9
Gravity, API @16°C	D287	28.6	28.9	28.9	28.9	28.9	28.9	28.9

Flash Point COC, °C	D92	287	313	306	289	292	288	296
Flash Point COC, °C	D92	287	313	299	303	294	294	296

Aniline Point, °C	D611	123.8	124.7	124.8	124.8	124.7	124.3	124.5
Aniline Point, °C	D611	123.8	124.7	124.8	124.8	124.9	124.6	124.5

Viscosity- Gravity Constant	D2140	0.796	0.798	0.799	0.799	0.800	0.799	0.799
Viscosity- Gravity Constant	D2140	0.796	0.798	0.799	0.799	0.799	0.799	0.799

Naphthenics, Cn%	D2140	—	24	26	26	27	28	27
Naphthenics, Cn%	D2140	—	24	26	26	27	29	27

Paraffinics, Cp%	D2140	70	72	71	71	69	70	71
Paraffinics, Cp%	D2140	70	72	71	71	71	70	71

1.4 ASTM No. 5 Oil was accepted into Specification D5900 as an industry reference material in 2010 and designated as IRM 905. The composition, and properties of this immersion oil were not changed and the data in Table 1 remains current. Refer to Appendix X4 for other details.

1.5 The specifications and properties listed in Table 1 for IRM 901, IRM 902, IRM 903, and IRM 905 are also maintained in Specification D5900.

1.5.1 The subcommittee responsible for maintaining Test Method D471, presently D11.15, shall review the data in Specification D5900 to ensure that it is identical to that which appears in Test Method D471. This shall be accomplished at the time of the 5 year review or more frequently when necessary.

1.6 Historical, technical, and background information regarding the conversion from ASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, and ASTM No. 3 Oils to IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 immersion oils is maintained in Practice D5964.

1.6.1 The subcommittee responsible for maintaining Test Method D471, presently D11.15, shall review the data in Practice

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester

D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)

D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers--Tension

D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents

D751 Test Methods for Coated Fabrics

D865 Test Method for Rubber--Deterioration by Heating in Air (Test Tube Enclosure)

D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils

D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer

D1415 Test Method for Rubber Property--International Hardness

D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)

D1747 Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials

D2008 Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products

D2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin

D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property--Durometer Hardness

D2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

D3182 Practice for Rubber--Materials, Equipment, and Procedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Preparing Standard Vulcanized Sheets

D3183 Practice for Rubber--Preparation of Pieces for Test Purposes from Products

D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries

D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils

D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

D5900 Specification for Physical and Chemical Properties of Industry Reference Materials (IRM)

D5964 Practice for Rubber IRM 901, IRM 902, and IRM 903 Replacement Oils forASTM No. 1, ASTM No. 2, and ASTM No. 3 Oils

E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens

SAE Standards

J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification

Keywords

elevated temperature; fluid immersion; immersion oil; IRM reference oil; liquid immersion; reference fuel; reference oil; rubber articles; rubber products; service liquid;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 83.060 (Rubber)

DOI: 10.1520/D0471-12A

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM D471 (Rubber Standards)

Citing ASTM Standards

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ASTM D471 - 12a

ASTM D471 - 12a Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids

ASTM D471 (Rubber Standards)