ASTM C688 - 08 Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements

Abstract

This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the clinker during manufacture of the cement. Cement, mortar, and concrete shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of autoclave expansion, drying shrinkage, normal consistency, standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, false set, water content, flexural strength, bond to steel, volume change, resistance to freezing and thawing, and bleeding. Accelerating addition, retarding addition, set-control addition, water-reducing addition, water-reducing and accelerating addition are detailed.

This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date.

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is incorporated during manufacture of the cement.

1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change properties other than those they are intended to modify. This specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars that would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for concrete. Certain additions may be found effective for more than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.

TABLE 1 Criteria for Evaluating Neat Cement and Mortar Containing Functional Cement Additions

Tests	Type of Addition
Tests	Water Reducing	Retarding	Accelerating	Water-Reducing and Retarding	Water-Reducing and Accelerating	Set-Control
Normal consistency, deviation from control, percentage points^A	−1.0 min	+1.0 max	+1.0 max	−1.0 min	−1.0 mm	±1.0 max
Standard consistency (flow) deviation from control, percentage points^A	−4.0 min	+2.0 max	+2.0 max	−4.0 min	−4.0 min	±2.0 max
Setting time, (Gillmore) deviation from control, h:min
Initial
At least	...	1:00 later^B		1:00 later^B		...
Not more than	1:00 earlier	3:30 later	1:30 earlier	3:30 later	1:30 earlier	1:00 earlier
	nor		nor		nor	nor
	1:30 later		1:30 later		1:30 later	1:30 later
Setting time, Vicat Initial^C
At least	...	0:50 later^B	...		...	...
Not more than	0:50 earlier	2:50 later	1:15 earlier	0:50 later^B	1:15 earlier	0:50 earlier
	nor		nor		nor	nor
	1:15 later		1:15 later	2:50 later	1:15 later	1:15 later
Final
Not more than	1:00 earlier	3:30 later	1:00 earlier	3:30 later	1:00 earlier	1:00 earlier
	nor		nor		nor	nor
	1:30 later		1:30 later		1:30 later	1:30 later
Compressive strength, min, percent of control:^D
1 day in moist air	110	90	125^E	90	125	^F
1 day in moist air, 2 days in water	110	90	125^E	100	125
1 day in moist air, 6 days in water	110	90	100	110	110
1 day in moist air, 27 days in water	110	95	95	110	110
Autoclave Expansion max increase in % change in length compared to control	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Drying Shrinkage of Mortar max % change in length compared to control	0.020	0.020	0.030	0.020	0.020	0.020

^A The minus sign indicates that the percentage of water required shall be less than that of the control cement by at least the indicated percentage points.

^B Or 50 % later, whichever is the lesser.

^C Either Vicat or the Gillmore time of setting method shall be used at the choice of the manufacturer.

^D The compressive strength of mortar containing the test cement shall be not less than 95 % of that attained at any previous test age. The objective of this limit is to require that the strength of mortar containing the addition under test shall not decrease with age.

^E In cases where the accelerated set time only is required, the strength can be reduced to 100 % of the control.

^F The grand average of the 1, 3, 7, and 28-day strengths shall be not less than 95 % of the grand average for the corresponding control cement.

TABLE 2 Criteria for Evaluating Concrete Containing Functional Cement Additions^A

Tests	Type of Addition
Tests	Water Reducing	Retarding	Accelerating	Water-Reducing and Retarding	Water-Reducing and Accelerating
Water content, max, percent of control	95	...	...	95	95
Time of setting, (penetration) deviation from control, h:min:
Initial
At least	...	1:00 later^B		1:00 later^B
Not more than	1:00 earlier	3:30 later	3:30 earlier	3:30 later	3:30 earlier
	nor
Final	1:00 later
Not more than	1:00 earlier	3:30 later	...	3:30 later	...
	nor
	1:30 later
Compressive strength, min, percent of control:^C
1 day^D	110	85	125^E	100	125
3 days	110	85	125^E	100	125
7 days	110	90	100	110	110
28 days	110	90	95	110	110
3 months	100	90	95	100	100
1 year	100	90	95	100	100
Flexural strength, min, percent of control:^C
1 day^D	100	85	110	90	110
3 days	100	85	110	100	110
7 days	100	90	100	100	100
28 days	100	90	90	100	100
3 months	100	90	90	100	100
1 year	100	90	90	100	100
Bond strength, percent of control:
28 days	100	90	100	100	100
Volume change, expressed as change in length, max, increase over control, percentage points:
28 days	0.010	0.010	0.030	0.010	0.010
3 months	0.010	0.010	0.030	0.010	0.010
1 year	0.010	0.010	0.030	0.010	0.010
Durability factor, min, percent of control^F	80	80	80	80	80

^A The values in the table are intended to allow for normal variation in test results. For example, the object of the 90 % compressive strength requirement for a retarding addition is to require a level of performance comparable to that of the reference concrete.

^B Or 50 % later, whichever is the lesser.

^C The compressive and flexural strength of the concrete containing the addition under test at any test age shall be not less than 90 % of that attained at any previous test age. The objective of this limit is to require that the compressive or flexural strength of the concrete containing the addition under test shall not decrease with age.

^D One-day strengths applicable only to Type III cement. One-year strength tests shall be made; however, the addition may be approved after completion of the 3-month strength results, at the discretion of the purchaser.

^E In cases where the accelerated set time only is required, the strength can be reduced to 100 % of the control.

^F This requirement is applicable only when the addition is to be used in air-entrained concrete.

2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard.

ASTM Standards

C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C187 Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
C232 Test Methods for Bleeding of Concrete
C234 Test Method for Comparing Concretes on the Basis of the Bond Developed with Reinforcing Steel (Discontinued 2000)
C266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method)
C465 Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement
C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing
C845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement

Index Terms

additions; functional; hydraulic cement; Additives--cement/concrete; Cement materials/applications--specifications; Hydraulic cement concrete--specifications ;

ICS Code

ICS Number Code 91.100.10 (Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar)

DOI: 10.1520/C0688-08

ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

ASTM C688 (Cement Standards and Concrete Standards)

Citing ASTM Standards

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