PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDRAULIC CEMENTS were covered for the first time in the previous edition of ASTM STP 169 in a chapter that covered the full range of physical properties—fineness, consistency, setting properties, strength, and durability—of hydraulic cements used in making concrete, significance of the standards, and how they might be improved. In preparation of the current chapter, the contents of that earlier chapter (excluding expansive cement) were extensively drawn upon. The current edition introduces relevant new technology and attempts to clarify certain issues.