IN PREPARATION OF THIS CHAPTER, THE CONTENTS of the prior edition, Chapter 35 of ASTM STP 169C, authored by J. E. Galloway, Jr. [1], have been retained since they continue to remain relevant to current concrete mixture technology. For information on historical development of this subject area within the ASTM STP 169 editions, the reader is referred to the prior edition. This edition has been updated to include changes to test methods and new test methods developed since publication of the prior edition. Additionally, discussion is provided on recent research related to grading of manufactured fine aggregates, new imaging technologies for characterization of particle grading, shape, and surface texture, and emerging computer simulation techniques for concrete mixture design.