The analysis of mortars in ancient masonry poses serious problems because of the complex composition of most aggregates and the chemical transformations involved in the aging of the binders.

On the basis of experience in the study of ancient monuments in Italy, the authors propose an analytical scheme and recommend some standardization of sampling and analysis procedures.

The scheme includes thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction supported by the petrographic study of mortar in thin sections and the measurement of pore size distribution.

It is further proposed that the results be collected into data banks that would simplify the task of the analyst in the future.