Radiation embrittlement and its mitigation by annealing of VVER-440 reactor pressure vessel steels are studied. The Russian regulatory approach for prediction of radiation embrittlement of VVER-440 steels is considered. Results of an investigation of materials cut out of operating nuclear power plants are discussed. Different models of re-irradiation embrittlement are compared. A new model for assessment of embrittlement under re-irradiation is developed.